green chemistry: production of electricity from ammonia
TRANSCRIPT
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
Production of electricity from ammonia
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Presented by:
AROSEK PADHI
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WHAT IS GREEN CHEMISTRY?
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GREEN CHEMISTRY, ALSO CALLED SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY, IS AN AREA OF
CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FOCUSED ON THE DESIGNING OF PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES THAT
MINIMIZE THE USE AND GENERATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES.
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HOW DOES IT
HELP US ?
Well……………
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PRINCIPLES OF GREEN
CHEMISTRY
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•IT IS BETTER TO PREVENT WASTE THAN
TO TREAT OR CLEAN UP WASTE AFTER IT
IS FORMED.
•SYNTHETIC METHODS SHOULD BE
DESIGNED TO MAXIMIZE THE
INCORPORATION OF ALL MATERIALS
USED IN THE PROCESS INTO THE FINAL
PRODUCT.
•WHEREVER PRACTICABLE, SYNTHETIC
METHODOLOGIES SHOULD BE DESIGNED
TO USE AND GENERATE SUBSTANCES
THAT POSSESS LITTLE OR NO TOXICITY
TO HUMAN HEALTH AND THE
ENVIRONMENT.
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•ENERGY REQUIREMENTS SHOULD BE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND SHOULD BE MINIMIZED. SYNTHETIC METHODS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.
•A RAW MATERIAL OR FEEDSTOCK SHOULD BE RENEWABLE RATHER THAN DEPLETING WHEREVER TECHNICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY PRACTICABLE.
•ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIES NEED TO BE FURTHER DEVELOPED TO ALLOW FOR REAL-TIME, IN-PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL PRIOR TO THE FORMATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES.
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HISTORY AND EVOLUTION
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THE FATHER OF GREEN
CHEMISTRY
ANASTAS T. PAUL
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ANASTAS IS KNOWN WIDELY AS THE "FATHER OF GREEN CHEMISTRY" FOR HIS GROUND-
BREAKING WORK ON THE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS THAT ARE
NON-HAZARDOUS AND ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN. HE IS ALSO A CHAMPION OF
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND INNOVATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.
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THE RESEARCH WAS DONE BY THE HYDROGEN ENERGY CARRIER TEAM OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTITUTE, PART OF
JAPAN'S NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY (AIST), IN COLLABORATION WITH THE INSTITUTE OF FLUID SCIENCE,
TOHOKU UNIVERSITY.
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HOW DOES IT WORK ?
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PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM
AMMONIA
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IT WORKS ON THE PRINCIPLE OF
DIFFERENCE OF TEMPERATURE USED IN OCEAN THERMAL
ENERGY CONVERSION.
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LET’S GET
DEEPER!!!
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IT IS A CYCLIC PROCESS THAT
CONSISTS OF SEVERAL STEPS:
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PUMPING OF
AMMONIA
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HEATING OF
AMMONIA
NH₃
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THE RUSE IS SPIRALLY COILED INSIDE THE ALUMINIUM BOX WHICH INCREASES THE RMS
VELOCITY OF THE MOLECULES
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THE PRESSURE IS MEASURED USING THE PRESSURE
GAUGE
IF PRESSURE IS MORE,
AMMONIA IS PASSED TO
THE HCl TANK
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IF THE PRESSURE IS OPTIMUM, IT IS MADE TO FALL ON THE ROTOR AND ELECTRICITY IS PRODUCED
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LET’S SUM IT ALL UP…
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HEATING
MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE
NH₃ PASSED TO HCl TANK
ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED
PUMPING
IT IS A CYCLIC
PROCESS
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BENEFITS OF THIS METHOD
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COST EFFECTIVE
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USES A REPLENISHABLE
AND EASILY AVAILABLE
RESOURCE - NH3
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