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A green distr ct

Robin Massingill. 6102 West Drive. Rogers, AR 72758. 479-925-0696. December 2014

Cap Stone Studio. LARC 5396-001. Instructors: Kimball Erdman, Judy Brittenum

big bend blvd. St. louiS, mo

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content

introduction, the Program, design, Conclusion, References

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location History Context the Site Analysis

deSign

tHe PRojeCt

bibliography images Contributions

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52-53RefeRenCeS

ConCluSion

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mission goalsobjectivesQuantified Program design concept

Synthesisempowered museumCenter for the Artsmixed use developmenttrail head

Summerythe messy Process

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intr0duction

location. History. Context. the Site. Analysis

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Saint Louis, MOUnited States

locationNationally: United States of America Regionally: MissouriLocally: Intersection of Big Bend Blvd. and N. Lacledes Station Rd. With in the St. Louis suburbs of Webster Groves and Shrewsbury.

With a strong influence from the surrounding educational centers and design businesses the Big Bend Blvd. Green District will become a place focused on sustainable education, creativity, and ecological health. The design will provide many amenities to its surrounding neighborhoods and communities. The travelers along Big Bend Blvd. will grow in numbers and increase the economic flow within Webster Groves and Shrewsbury. The concluding problem is that the major node that connects Webster Groves and Shrewsbury does not meet the social, economical, and ecological needs of the community. There is also a lack of accessibility and streetscape unity along and across the corridor.

Located in the midst of Saint Louis suburbs Big Bend Blvd. is an artery to its thousands of travelers pumping and flowing them from place to place. As the artery becomes sandwiched between the communities of Webster Groves and Shrewsbury traffic slows and allows travelers to take a breath and explore the historic, eclectic surroundings with small restaurants, boutique art shops, and intimate parks. The suburb of Webster Groves has recently undergone a few revitalization projects of business districts that have been successful in providing social and economic benefits. This area has such a unique character and thriving community that it provides the perfect place for a landscape architect urban revitalization project. That being said the location for the revitalization project was chosen to be at the intersection of Big Bend. Blvd. and N. Lacledes Station Rd. It is located in a visible space with a great amount of traffic flow and it is surrounded by a great number of residential, business, and Institutions.

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This design solution focuses on the opportunities and constraints of the existing site and its surrounding context. The design project will focus on the concluding problems. An overall streetscape plan will provide a safe and comfortable path for people to connect from the surrounding neighborhoods to the businesses along Big Bend Boulevard. The central node will be redeveloped and become a creative, ecological, and economical center for the cities of Webster Groves and Shrewsbury and act as an extension to the College School Elementary.

The maps above show the location and site boundary of the Big Bend Green District. The larger scale map shows more of a context with the green line being Big Bend Blvd. and the purple circle being the location of the site design. The smaller scale map is a figure ground drawing of the businesses and residents along Big Bend Blvd. and the poched space is the site for the Green District.

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History

Webster Groves 1896Webster Groves began as a farming community and quickly developed into an escape from the city life. Webster Groves was named as “Queen of the Suburbs” in its earlier years. It is now a network of historic neighborhoods displaying its early 1900’s architecture and its unique and eclectic mixture of housing. The image below is one of the historic homes you can find within the historic neighborhoods.

There are 54 suburbs of Saint Louis, with Webster Groves and Shrewsbury existing at the crux of sprawl.

Post WWIIThe boom of the automobile industry after WWII turned Webster Groves into a magnate to those who wanted to move out of the city and into a country setting. With the affordability of vehicles city residents were able to live outside of the city and commute to work. This new lifestyle influenced development and directly effect the landscape across the United States. Saint Louis, MO was no different. Today there are 54 suburbs surround Saint Louis, with Webster Groves and Shrewsbury existing at the crux of sprawl.

Shrewsbury Shrewsbury was officially plotted 1889 with farm land. The suburb was developed in 1913 after the farm land was sold to developers. Shrewsbury is still one of the smaller suburbs as the current population is 6,254. Shrewsbury is mostly known for being the home of the seminary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Louis.

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Mission “The College School engages children,ages three to fourteen, in joyful, meaningful and creative learning through an adventurous, theme-based, experiential curriculum.”

Sustainability “Education for sustainability leads children to understand the interconnectedness of humans, the economy, and all of the Earth’s systems as well as the important role they play in creating a sustainable future. Education for sustainability prepares our students to be informed and responsible stewards of our future world. “ - Educator David Orr

The College School This Pre K through eighth grade started in 1963 and became independent in 1978. It focuses on hands on learning experience while students discover and connect to the world around them

The College School is the trail blazer for green infrastructure along this street. In 2007 it began its transition to permeable pavement, natural and native planting, and wind energy harvesting. The projects were completed in 2008. The Green District design project will expand on the environmental and educational work that the College School is advocating.

In the aerial images to the above you can see the progression of the parking lots that overtime change from impervious hardscape to permeable pavement.

20022002

imPeRviouS

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ContextCharacter of PlaceThere is an array architecture, businesses, and dwellings along Big Bend Blvd. that provide an eclectic mix of activity and experiences that give a since of adventure. There is also an authenticity to the site and its surroundings in that you can tell there is a deep sense of community and protection of family. This is due to the strong historic background and the preservation of Webster Groves.

Grace Point Church

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The College School

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Big Bend Blvd. Green District

Downtown St. Louis

Neighborhood Character

Context and the Surroundings

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Webster Groves

Shrewsbury

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Neighborhood Character Existing Sculpture

Art and Design Business Old Orchard

Business District

Metro Link

Big Bend Blvd.

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1. BrightergyA solar power business providing alternative energy Saint Louis. This business is unique and vital to the central civic core. It’s existence is an opportunity and it will become a focus of the design project.

2. Suzuki Auto SalesThis building frontage has strong signage which is inspirational. Its orientation to the street is not appropriate and is not harmonious with its surroundings. This building and business will be removed do to the ethics of the project.

3. FloweramaA large floral business that is a chain throughout the United States. The building is unattractive with its dirty white overhead structure and array of garden decoration scattered about the building front. It will be removed.

the site

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4. Summit JewelryThis structure is older and similar to some of the structures along Big Bend Blvd. The Summit Jewelry business has existed for...years. It does not relate to the other building or business surrounding it.

“Find Green Companies.” Brightergy Solar. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.

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6. Dairy Queen Grill and Chill This building is new and the business is well liked by residents and visitors. The business will stay and the outdoor accessibility will be incorporated into the new design, but the building will be removed.

7. Jiffy LubeThis business provides a service to the community and their cars. However, this business does not function with the Green District, as it is promoting walking and biking.

5. Wireless ToysWireless Toys is a one story building with a lack of architectural appeal. This business provides cell phones and phone service. This building will be removed to provide a higher density and better functioning place to the site.

8. Phillips 66A service station that is located on a completely paved lot besides the few overly pruned shrubs located along Big Bend Blvd. and N Lacledes Station Rd. This business is important to the local residents and needs to remain in its location. It will be redesigned and retrofitted into the new plan.

9. 8 Unit Apartment Although this building is not part of the site it shares a driveway with the trail head, so it is important to show. This apartment building has a range of materiality and unique style that adds to the eclectically of the site. Its base is overly masculine and slightly unattractive.

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Easement allows for a wider sidewalk.

Array of building styles. How will the proposed buildings fit in?

This type of power line can not be buried. No tall trees allowed.

The current sidewalks on site have a width of 3 ft.. When walking on these walkways it is comfortable for one person and somewhat uncomfortable for two people because they are a few inches from touching when walking side by side. Walking with three people becomes a problem when one person is left straining to be part of the conversation. The width and conditions of the sidewalk make biking on them difficult and therefore many bikers are pushed onto the streets, which is also dangerous to bikers and drivers. It is impossible for bikers and pedestrians to be on the sidewalk at the same time. This information guides the new design for the sidewalks that will allow groups of people to walk together comfortably and allow two bikes to ride side by side. With the easement the sidewalk is able to reach six to ten feet without compromising much property.

Existing on site is more than 50 percent surfface of parking. The parking is used at some points during the day, but most of the time the lots sit empty and barren. The amount of parking is appropriate but it is front and center for everyone to see who passes through the intersection. For the site to become pedestrian friendly it will be best if the parking was moved to the back of each section of land. This is done by creating one way driveways and providing angled parking for easy entrance and exit of the spaces.

Analysis

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No Power lines = Street Trees

Minimize parking to the perimeter

Widen 4 ft. sidewalks to 6 ft. -10 ft.

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So much open sunny space

The diagram above shows the Phillips 66 gas station, which sits on the 2nd smallest plot of land within the Green District. This lot is completely paved except for a few patches of gravel and five small, unhealthy Boxwood shrubs. The lack of vegetation allows the site to be highly visible and very sunny. Which can be good, but most pedestrians like to be protected visually and physically whenever there is a high amount of vehicular traffic.

Analysis

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The amount of paving causes the soil to be very compact and the stormwater runoff to be around 90 percent. To create the Green District this piece of the site will undergo construction to remove all of the pavement and the planted land will be reconstructed to allow for production gardens in the back and public lawn with trees along the street.

So much open sunny space

Trees and steeple create a nice backdrop

& Compacted Soils

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Make crosswalk more appealing and

contrasting from asphalt

Nice open views into the site. Keep it visible and inviting.

Dairy Queen

Below is an image of the largest plot of land within the Green District. Located on this plot is Jiffy Lube, Dairy Queen, a Jewelry Store, and. cell phone buisiness. The amount of commercial space will remain on site, but it will be more dense and have different functions that are better suited for this community. Behind these businesses is The College School and the Webster Groves historic neighborhoods and historic walks. With the Green District redesign this portion of the site will be weaved into its surroundings to provide easy access to its amenities.

Analysis

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Jiffy Lube

No left turn

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The Big ProblemThis space along Big Bend Blvd. is becoming neglected as near by districts are being revitalized and populated with an upbeat community. The vehicle is a dominate player along Big Bend Blvd., and the outdoor spaces have become a playground for cars. Drive-ins and drive throughs, parking lots, and car sale lots have completely taken over the public realm of the proposed Green District. Pedestrians have shied away form this area because of this vehicular dominance. Other than walking to and from school and biking though the site there is very little pedestrian activity. The amount of cars in this space and the lack of safety and aesthetic appeal is causing a high turnover rate of businesses and the economy remains stagnant and the ecology is becoming less healthy.

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Driving lane

Turning lane

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The Traffic Calming Solution Enhance Pedestrian safety and preserve character of the district.The traffic Count along Big Bend Blvd. is 35, 000 Vehicles per day.-Mid-Block Raised Medians narrow the roadways and cause drivers to drive slower. It also gives pedestrians a safe place to pause when crossing larger streets.-Street Trees cause a slight visual barrier to the landscape and drivers will slow down due to the lack of knowledge about what is to come. There are currently zero street trees on the existing site, so adding a few can make a large impact. -Bike lanes along Big Bend Blvd. to encourage biking and reduce cars-Change in Crosswalk Material from asphalt to red brick will give a visual que to slow down when they see that there is a change in material.

Mid-Block Raised Medians

Street TreesBike lanes

Change in Crosswalk Material

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project

Mission. Goals. Objectives. Quantified Program. Design Concept

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missionCreate a thriving district with physical and visual connections along big bend blvd. that merges the communities of Webster groves and Shrewsbury socially and physically, while revitalizing the local culture, ecology, and economy.

Opportunities• To create a sequence of events along the corridor• Connection into the neighborhoods and Historic

Walks • Existing vegetation and possible tree canopy

habitat connection• High levels of pedestrian and vehicular action• Wide range of architecture and businesses• Art influence from the house galleries and art

stores• The neighborhoods have a great community that

will use public spaces

Constraints• Exposed utility poles in the middle of the

sidewalks• Fast vehicular traffic along pedestrian paths• Number of parking lots and car dealerships that

dominate some of the views along Big Bend Blvd• Dense compacted soil• The current buildings that will have to be

removed

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Goals & Objectives

1. Create an overall aesthetic that draws Inspiration from nature, art and the local community• Create a cohesive streetscape with a minimal hard material pallet• Unify the pedestrian access across and along Big Bend Blvd.• Create a sense of legibility and a distinct familiarity• Connect to surrounding business districts and parks through a familiar design• Slow down vehicular traffic

2. Provide opportunities for live, work, play, learn, and gather. • Provide social amenities for pedestrians that connects the neighborhood to the businesses and commercial center• Extend the bike trail onto the site, provide bike rental and trail head

3. Introduce a sustainable landscape that will educate and function to promote and protect the health of the city and its citizens.• Provide green spaces for people and animal habitat• Use a large planting pallet to improve urban biodiversity• Add bike lanes on Big Bend Blvd.• Incorporate cisterns to catch roof water runoff and reduce stormwater runoff into Deer Creek

Design IntentConnect visually and physically

Initial sketch derived from existing patterns Concept sketch based on the need

for linkages and connections. Diagrammatic master plan

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Program

1810 Sq. Ft.

2081 Sq. Ft.

8343 Sq. Ft.

15, 777 Sq. Ft.

26,016 Sq. Ft.

18,036 Sq. Ft.

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The College School

Empowered Museum

Retail and Parking

Mixed Use Development

Trail head and Cafe

Performing and Visual Arts Center

Neighborhoods of Shrewsbury

Neighborhoods of Webster

Groves

Neighborhoods of Webster Groves

Physical ConnectionsThis green district is a social space for people within and outside the community to gather and learn from each other and the surroundings. There are many public gathering spaces throughout the Green District. Private spaces are provided to allow people to reflect on the landscape or hold private meetings. There is also a private garden behind the mixed use development and beside the Trail head Cafe.

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Public vs. Private Space

Circulation Solution

This green district is a social space for people within and outside the community to gather and learn from each other and the surroundings. There are many public gathering spaces throughout the Green District. Private spaces are provided to allow people to reflect on the landscape or hold private meetings. There is also a private garden behind the mixed use development and beside the Trail head Cafe.

From the Circulation diagram you can see that the vehicular (solid red line) is pushed to the perimeter of the site in exception of the interior of the streets. Pedestrian paths meander though out the entire site, and the bike path remains on the edge of Big Bend Blvd.

Trail head Cafe

Mixed Use Development

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design

Synthesis. empowered museum. Center for the Arts. mixed use development. trail head

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The Big Bend Blvd. Green District is a design that connects Webster Groves and Shrewsbury to Big Bend and to each other. It is a solution to the social, ecological, and economical problems that the site is facing. Lastly, the Green District provides the needed amenities of education, art, health, residential, business space, and social gathering space.

Design Synthesis20’ 50’

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Mixed Use DevelopmentResidential The residential space provides 8 dwelling units within the mixed use development. The residents will have access to the 12 parking spaces behind the building and also the parking structure across the street. There are private plots of land between the buildings that the residents can plant and grow their own kitchen, herb, or flower gardens. The design for this space was created by maximizing usage for this plot of land and the need for protected public and private spaces.

Commercial and Public Realm The commercial and public realm consist of the lower level of the buildings, the lawn, and the space closest to the streets. These spaces provide social engagement and community interactions that the current site is lacking. Business that are envisioned for this development are local cafes, coffee shop, restaurants, and the existing Summit Jewelry. Employees of surrounding businesses can take their lunch break here and enjoy a sandwich or coffee on the lawn.

Sculpture Location

Mixed Use Building A

Mixed Use Building B

Private Gardens

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Ecological CenterParking and Commercial StructureThe lower level of this structure is designed for commercial space that can help boost the economy and provide an attraction to people outside of the community. There is outdoor seating space outside of the front of the businesses and vegetation to provide shade. Parking is located on the top two levels of the structure. People going to the museum, gardens, shopping center, or art center will park here.

Empowered MuseumThe Empowered Museum is an alternative energy museum that is proposed to be built by a partnership of The College School and the city of Webster Groves. This museum will educated students and the public on energy created by wind, solar, water, and human powered machines. Outside of the museum is a bike powered water feature that provides water to the display gardens around the museum. The water is collected by the roof of the museum and held in cisterns until it is used in the water feature or in the hydrologic system.

Empowered Museum

Entrance

Entrance Recycled Concrete Pavers

Cistern

Cistern

Sculpture Location

Display Gardens

Rain Garden

Group Seating

Sitting Circle

Sitting Circle

Wind Turbines

Bike Powered Water Feature

Parking

Parking and Commercial Structure

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Performing and Visual Arts CenterArts BuildingThe Performing Art Center is a two level building with 8343 Sq. Ft. of practice space, meeting rooms, and offices. Connected to the building is a covered performance stage for concerts and plays. This is an appropriate amenity to the Green District because there are many businesses in close proximity that focus on musical and visual arts, and this space allows people to come together in a larger venue.

The Great LawnThe design of the lawn was inspired by the law in millennium park that doubles as a performance venue and has a minimal overhead structure. The overhead structure is arched beams with steel cables stretched accross them so that canvas art work can bring life to the lawn and allow for creative expression by the community.

Bus Stop

Seat Wall

The Great Lawn

Crosswalk

Art Panels

Drop off zone

Brightergy

Arts Building

Stage

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Trail head

Bike PathsThe bike paths are designed to connect the Green District to the existing Gateway Greenway trail system and to the Old Historic District of Webster Groves, which is its old downtown. The trail head has Bike parking structures that can hold up to 40 bikes including 10 bike rentals. The parking for the trail head is located on the south end of the lot and it includes 11 spaces.

Trail head CafeThe cafe is a resource to bikers using the trail. It is 1810 Sq. Ft. and there is additional dining outside on the southeast side of the building. The front of the building has an overhead structure so people can sit and watch the street. The drive way behind the cafe is a one way drive through to minimize vehicular infrastructure.

Trail Head Cafe

Outdoor Dining

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Bike Lane

Bike Parking Structure

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Creek bed Bike powered water feature

Existing Pine

Cistern

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Wind spireEmpowered Museum Alternative Energy

Exposed roots wall

Sitting Circle

Empowered Museum Entry Procession

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EmpowErEd musEum AltErnAtivE EnErgy rEtAil/pArking structurE

Sitting Circle Gathering Space

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outdoor sEAting spAcE sculpturE locAtion

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The proposed design converts the Phillip 66 lot into a mixed use development containing two buildings with commercial on the bottom and residential dwellings on the top two floors. The properties behind this lot contains single family housing and Grace Point Church. Therefore adding residential spaces is one appropriate linkage to the surrounding neighborhoods.

There are two outdoor spaces on this lot. The outdoor space closer to the intersection contains a public lawn with seat walls that separate vehicular and bike traffic from the lawn. The back side of the lot contains the private residential gardens and kitchen gardens for restaurants within the development.

Mixed UseDevelopment

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Performing Arts Building with classrooms and meeting rooms

Performance stage

Performing and Visual Arts Center

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Stretch canvas art panels over lawn Planting bed with two ft. seat wall

N. Lacledes Station Rd. bus

stop

The Visual and Performing Arts Center contains an office building with meeting and practice space. There is a stage connected to the east side of the building allowing the building to act as backdrop to plays, concerts, and performances. The open lawn in front of the stage is partially covered by canvas art panels and it acts as gathering space and passive and active recreation during appropriate times. Next to the lawn, located on Big Bend Blvd., is the N. Lacledes bus stop and bus shelter. This is the only bus stop within the Green District so there is easy accessibility to and from this point on the site.

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Large Trees: Ginkgo bilobaPin Oak_Quercus palustrisWhite Pine_Pinus Strobus

Small trees:Fig_winter bloomingFicus carica 'Brown Turkey'Paper Bark MapleJapanese Maple _ Fall BloomingLagerstroemia indica 'Muskogee'

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Grasses: Red twig dogwood _spring colorGolden rod_fall bloominglittle bluestem_winter bloomingFountain grass¬_winter blooming

Ground Cover: Crown of thorns_Fall BloomingEuphorbia miliiOrnamental kale

Planting Pallet

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All Images from this page are sited from http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/

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concLusion

Summery. the messy Process.

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Summery The Big Bend Blvd. Green District is a design that connects Webster Groves and Shrewsbury to Big Bend Blvd. and to each other while providing a solution to the social, ecological, and economical problems that the site is facing. The Green District provides the needed amenities of education, art, health, residential, business space, and social gathering space. The overall design will create a thriving district with physical and visual connections along Big Bend Blvd. and N. Lacledes Station Rd. that merges the two communities socially and physically, while revitalizing the local culture, ecology, and economy.

48 it was a messy process

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TRAILHEAD CAFETRAILHEAD CAFE

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Design Continues

The Beginning

Fleshing it outAfter coming up with an overall scheme that could work well with the program of the Green District the sketching and space making began. In order to create outdoor spaces buildings were shaped and reshaped, placed and replaced. Studying traffic calming strategies provided challenging elements to the design that had to be discovered and manipulated. After many sketches a digital plan and 3-D model was created to make sure the spaces would function at a human scale.

Design ConceptThe first step after completing the analysis and inventory was to create the program, site functions, and then a design that works well with for the site. The Initial concept for the overall design was developed by proposing three separate concepts, which were “The Spine”, Biomimicry, and Avant Garde. A mixture between Biomimicry and Avant Garde was chosen for the direction of the design as it could connect the four corners of the Green District and work as a living and thriving organism.

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Final Details As the Design ContinuesWith the 3-D model the design continues to evolve to provide information that aid in creating appropriate spaces that meet the communities’s needs. The level of detail becomes deep while being able to get on the ground plane and see textures and how they work for the site. Finally after seeing and altering the site within the 3-D model a cohesive and appropriate design is created. The final step in the process was creating the perspectives that most appropriately displayed the design.

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references

bibliography, images, Contributions

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Bibliography“Basic Facts.” The College School: / Tuition. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.

Gehl, Jan. Cities for People. Washington, DC: Island, 2010. Print.

Girling, Cynthia L., and Ronald Kellett. Skinny Streets and Green Neighborhoods: Design for Environment and Community. Washington, DC: Island, 2005. Print.

Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1960. Print.

“Missouri Botanical Garden.” Missouri Botanical Garden. Web. 28 Oct. 2014. <http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/>.

“TrafficCalming.org.” TrafficCalmingorg. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. <http://trafficcalming.org/>.

“Walkable and Livable Communities Institute » Our Team.” Walkable and Livable Communities Institute RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014.

“Welcome to the City of Shrewsbury, Missouri... It’s Home.” Welcome to the City of Shrewsbury, Missouri... It’s Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.

“Welcome to an Engaged Community.” Webster Groves, MO. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.

Contributions City of Webster Groves Planning Department Todd Hughes

SWT Designs Landscape Architecture Firm Hunter Beckham, Jim Wolterman

University of Arkansas Department of Landscape Architecture, Judy Brittenum, Kimball Erdman

ImagesAll Images were taken in person or created by the author unless noted.

“Earth.” Google. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://earth.google.com/>.

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