green dreams presentation
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Tools for Sustainability Planning Creativity, Proactivity, Systematic Implementations to the Planning Process.TRANSCRIPT
Tools for Sustainability PlanningCreativity, Proactivity, Systematic Implementations to the Planning Process.
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Introduction
METHOD 1: Best Practices
METHOD 2: Plans
METHOD 3: Standards and Benchmarks
METHOD 4: “Abstractions”
Ecological Footprint Analysis
Geographic Information Systems
Visioning
METHOD 5: Metrics & Indicators
Sustainable Seattle Example
Conclusions
Overview
Source: http://www.metropolismag.com/webimages/4453/carrot_102010.jpg
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
HOLISTIC IMPLEMENTATION“In the current era in which citizens are often skeptical
of government, it is unlikely that any particular level of
government by itself will be strong enough to adopt and
implement comprehensive sustainability policy...So what
is needed instead is for our existing, imperfect institutions
to reinforce one another, working together to establish
intergovernmental frameworks for sustainability planning”
source: Wheeler, 99
Introduction
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
source: Wheeler, 51-52, designed using www.wordle.net
Introduction
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Introduction
WHAT MATTERS TO ME?
WHAT CAN I DO?“When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find
it hitched to everything else in the Universe” - Environmentalist John Muir (1938-1914)
METHOD 1: Best Practices
METHOD 2: Plans
METHOD 3: Standards and Benchmarks
METHOD 4: “Abstractions”
Ecological Footprint Analysis
Geographic Information Systems
Visioning
METHOD 5: Metrics & Indicators
Sustainable Seattle Example
Methods
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Edward Tufte Book
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 1: Best Practices
http://blog.lib.umn.edu/evans391/architecture/dongtan-east-village-and-east-lake.jpg
http://de.academic.ru/pictures/dewiki/66/Bus_Stops_3_curitiba_brasil.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Practice
http://www.urbanecology.org.au/publications/residentialenergy/images/cw1.jpg
Dongtan Ecocity, Dongtan, CN
Christie Walk,Adeleide, AU
Bus StopCuritiba, BR
A best practice is a technique, method, process,
activity, incentive, or reward which conventional
wisdom regards as more effective at delivering
a particular outcome than any other technique,
method, process, etc. when applied to a
particular condition or circumstance.
Definition
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 1: Best Practices
Global ResourcesUnited Nations Center for Human Settlements
Dubai International Award for Best Practices in Improving the Living Environment
Department of Energy’s Center of Excellence for Sustainable Development
American Institute of Architects AIA/COTE Top Ten Green Projects
www.unhabitat.org
www.bestpractices.org
http://www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/
http://www.aiatopten.org/hpb/
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 2: Plans
General Plans
Specific Plans
Functional Plans
http://blog.lib.umn.edu/evans391/architecture/dongtan-east-village-and-east-lake.jpg
http://de.academic.ru/pictures/dewiki/66/Bus_Stops_3_curitiba_brasil.jpg
http://www.urbanecology.org.au/publications/residentialenergy/images/cw1.jpg
Dongtan Ecocity, Dongtan, CN
Christie Walk,Adeleide, AU
Bus StopCuritiba, BR
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 2: Plans
General Planshttp://blog.lib.umn.edu/evans391/architecture/dongtan-east-village-and-east-lake.jpg
Dongtan Ecocity, Dongtan, CN
“Michael Neuman (1998) points out in a classic article on the usefulness
of the General Plan, strong physical plans can help to portray collective
hopes about the future of a city or town, allow necessary political
conflict to emerge, build social, intellectual, and political capital within
communities, and set agendas for powerful public agencies"
Keywords: Vision, Framework, Blueprint
Wheeler, 86
Master/Comprehensive
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 2: Plans
General Planshttp://blog.lib.umn.edu/evans391/architecture/dongtan-east-village-and-east-lake.jpg
http://www.christophgielen.com/Wheeler, 86
Dongtan Ecocity, Dongtan, CN
Suburb in Florida, USA
Keywords: Vision, Framework, Blueprint
Issues
Consider: funding, budgeting, staff time, cooperation between entities, adaptation to changing elected leadership, public interest,
sustaining opposition, legalities, paperwork...
Critics argue that General Plans are an exercise of form making, as they may have little influence as to what really happens...
Avoid lofty rhetoric, technocratic and abstract writing, and gaps in accountability.
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 2: Plans
Specific Planshttp://www.urbanecology.org.au/publications/residentialenergy/images/cw1.jpg
Christie Walk,Adeleide, AU
Specific Plans include an intensive public process including “workshops,
meeting and design charettes (workshops in which groups of
participants develop potential designs for urban places... New principles
are guiding us to avoid top-down approach.”
Keywords: Scales & Public Participation
Wheeler, 86
Area/Sector/Neighborhood/Precise
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 2: Plans
Specific Planshttp://www.urbanecology.org.au/publications/residentialenergy/images/cw1.jpg
Diana Miller, 2008
Christie Walk,Adeleide, AU
Community Meeting, Larimer, Pittsburgh PA
Keywords: Scales & Public Participation
Issues
Issues of stagnation regarding
workshops, trying to accommodate
for everyone. Not everyone sees in
a long-term vision process. Difficulty
to follow-through with these
plans unless easily accessible to
stakeholders (e.g., developers)
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 2: Plans
Functional Planshttp://de.academic.ru/pictures/dewiki/66/Bus_Stops_3_curitiba_brasil.jpg
Bus StopCuritiba, BR
Keywords: Principles, Goals, Commitments
Functional Plans can include, but are not limited to: greyfields, bicycle
planning, transportation demand management, details of land use (and
densities), transportation (circulation), conservation, open space, noise,
safety, urban design, environmental protection, resource use, economic
development strategy, and housing.Wheeler, 86
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 2: Plans
Functional Planshttp://de.academic.ru/pictures/dewiki/66/Bus_Stops_3_curitiba_brasil.jpg
Bus StopCuritiba, BR
TrafficMiami, FL
Keywords: Principles, Goals, Commitments
Issues
“For example, no specific action is likely to quickly reduce automobile use in metropolitan
areas. What is required instead is that a con-stellation of land use changes, pricing policies,
improved transportation alternatives, and other steps such as an improved balance be-tween jobs and housing within each commu-nity be put in place over an extended period
of time” (Wheeler, 92)
photo: Christian Wagner
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 3: Standards & Benchmarks
Opportunities“Standards can often be too right, and
have difficulty keeping up with changing technology and innovation....firmly
established standards may reduce creativity, in that design or development becomes a
process of meeting established benchmarks rather than “pushing the envelope”
source: Wheeler, 94
New Urbanist Lexicon, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Co
Green Standard Examples
http://www.dpz.com/pdf/LEXICON_.PDF
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 3: Standards & Benchmarks
West Rose Ln & N75th Ave, Phoenix AZ
“Even in residential neighborhoods 40- and 50- wide streets became the standard in the US, along with wide turning radii and other
features appropriate for relatively high rates of speed...cul-de-sacs...The result of such
standards was to enforce a particular model of low-density, automobile-oriented suburban
development that we now see as profoundly unsustainable.”
www.maps.live.com
Wheeler, 94
http://www.dpz.com/pdf/LEXICON_.PDF
Challenges New Urbanist Lexicon, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Co
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 4: Abstractions
Ecological Footprint
Geographic Information Systems
Visioning
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprint
http://www.latoyaegwuekwe.com/geographyofarecession.html
http://www.storyofstuff.com/
Ecological Footprint (by country 2007)
Unemployment Rates, USA (May 2007)
Story of Stuff Cartoon, (by Annie Leonard)
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprint
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprint
Ecological Footprint (by country 2007)
India, Germany, UAE by ecological footprint per capita
Developed by William Rees (UBC) and Mathis Wackernagel (Redefining Progress Organization, Oakland
“This technique seeks to turn various aspects of human resource consumption into equivalent
amounts of land that would be required to produce such resources. Each individual or
community is therefore assigned a “footprint” in terms of acres or hectares that represents
their ecological impact on the planet”Wheeler, 95
121 105
Method 4: Abstractions
Ecological Footprint
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 4: Abstractions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_footprint
2007 Global Footprint Network (2010) * Only 153/185 countries measured in this study
Ecological Footprint (by country 2007)
POP ECO FOOTPRINT GHA/PERS BIOCAPACITY GHA/PERS ECOLOGICAL REMAINDER
United Arab Emirates 6.25 10.68 0.85 -9.83
Qatar 1.14 10.51 2.51 -8.00
Bahrain 0.76 10.04 0.94 -9.10
Denmark5.45 8.26 4.85 -3.41
Belgium10.53 8.00 1.34 -6.66
United States 308.67 8.00 3.87 -4.13
Germany 82.34 5.08 1.92 -3.16
1
2
3
4
5
6
27
Ecological Footprinthttp://www.myfootprint.org/
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 4: Abstractions
http://www.latoyaegwuekwe.com/geographyofarecession.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system
Unemployment Rates, USA (May 2007)
Unemployment Rates, USA (Nov 2008, Nov 2009)
Geographic Information Systems
Geographic information systems (GIS), or geospatial information systems, is a set of tools that captures, stores, analyzes,
manages, and presents data that are linked to location(s). In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical
analysis, and database technology.
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 4: Abstractions
Visioning
Aim: to “design and develop future scenarios, of which one picks a preferred scenario.”
“At the heart of such documents (Strategic Environmental Appraisal, Environmental Impact
Statements, Environmental Impact Reports, Environmental Assessments, Development
Path Analysis) is generally the comparison of a project’s impacts with various alternatives,
including a “no-project” alternative”
http://www.storyofstuff.com/
photo: Christian Wagner
Story of Stuff Cartoon, (by Annie Leonard)
Ecological Footprint (by country 2007)
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Method 5: Metrics and Indicators
Sustainable Seattle
Framework
Indicators
Photo: Christian Wagner
http://sustainableseattle.org/Programs/IndicatorsIntoAction/regionalindicators/1998ndicators/1998IndicatorsRpt.pdf
http://www.b-sustainable.org/about-the-indicators-framework
Seattle Skyline, USA
B-Sustainable Framework
Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Usein King County
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Sustainable SeattlePhoto: Christian Wagner
http://sustainableseattle.org/About
Seattle Skyline, USA
Method 5: Metrics and Indicators
1991 Sustainable Seattle Founded as a Non-Profit Organization
1993 First Draft of Regional Sustainability Indicators: Wins “Excellence in Indicators Best Practice” by the United Nations in 1996
1995 Second Draft of Regional Sustainability Indicators
1998 Third Draft of Regional Sustainability Indicators - 250 citizens involved, 40 key indicators measured
2009 Fourth Draft of Regional Sustainability Indicators
2010-11 Fifth Draft of Regional Sustainability Indicators
Vision: We see an interconnected group of healthy, compact, livable urban centers
across the Central Puget Sound region, where people work and play together to restore
and improve the vitality of communities, the economy, and the ecosystem.
Mission: Our mission is to be a catalyst and resource for positive change. just economies,
thriving communities, healthy ecosystems
Focus: Our focus is social justice, collaboration and stewardship.
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Sustainable SeattlePhoto: Christian Wagner
Seattle Skyline, USA
Method 5: Metrics and Indicators
1998
2004
2005
2005
2008
2009
Third Draft of Regional Sustainability Indicators
24-Member Steering Committee Assembled
Community Process begins with Citizen Panels
Technical Committee develops Framework
B-Sustainable.org website launches
Fourth Draft of Regional Sustainability Indicators
http
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Sustainable SeattlePhoto: Christian Wagner
Seattle Skyline, USA
Method 5: Metrics and Indicators
Structure www.sustianableseattle.org
EMERGING PEOPLE,
PROJECTS, IDEAS
WEB - Whole Environmental Building Recognition & Awards Program
Sustainability Partnership & Resources Commons
www.sustainableseattle.blogspot.com
www.sustainablecitiesblog.blogspot.com
Sustainable Seattle Partnerships
COMMUNITY
CONNECTIONS
K-12 Sustainability Education
BREATHE - Brokerage for Restoration of our Ecosystems and the Health of Our Environments
PALS - Peer Alliance for Leadership in Sustainability
STARS - Sustainability Training and Resources
Dream a Sound Future Competitionwww.open2100.org
INDICATORS FOR
ACTION
PHOCUS - Policy Hub on Community and Urban Sustainability
Neighborhood Sustainability Indicators Project
Neighbors Acting to Build Resiliency and Sustainability (NARBS)
Stewardship Development
Community Development
Regional Indicatorswww.b-sustainable.org
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Framework
Framework Analysis
Method 5: Metrics and Indicators
http://www.b-sustainable.org/about-the-indicators-framework
22 sustainability goals defined by indicators
Each goal is assigned to one of the 4 environments mentioned above
Indicators are shared between different goals
Each goal is linked to strategies, initiatives and actions.
Keywords: Tracking, Trends, Performance Highlight, Snapshots, Gauge
Structure
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
2010-2011 Regional Indicators for Sustainability will follow the “Gross National Happiness
Index” (www.gnhc.gov.bt) which will include: Mental Health - Physical Health - Time Balance - Education - Cultural Vitality - Social COnnection - Environmental Quality - Governance - Material
Well-being
Frameworkhttp://www.b-sustainable.org/about-the-indicators-framework
B-Sustainable Framework
Method 5: Metrics and Indicators
The Future
The Goal of "indicators into Action" is to catalyze the field of indicators through building capacity in communities, developing data, indicators and leveraging of actions.
http://sustainableseattle.org/Programs/IndicatorsIntoAction/regionalindicators/SAHI/
Indicators
Method 5: Metrics and Indicators
Method
Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Usein King County
http://sustainableseattle.org/Programs/IndicatorsIntoAction/regionalindicators/1998ndicators/1998IndicatorsRpt.pdf
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Indicators
Method 5: Metrics and Indicators
Method
Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Usein King County
http://sustainableseattle.org/Programs/IndicatorsIntoAction/regionalindicators/1998ndicators/1998IndicatorsRpt.pdf
APPLICATION FOR
INDICATORS
Local Media
Public Policy
Businesses & Economic Development
Education
Civil Society
Personal Lifestyles
INDICATOR
COMPOSITION
Trends
Description
Definition of the Problem
Interpretation
Evaluation
Success Stories
Indicators potentially have great
power to DEMONSTRATE problems,
MOTIVATE action, EDUCATE the
public, and show the positive
EFFECT of sustainability policies.” Wheeler, 92
http://sustainableseattle.org/Programs/IndicatorsIntoAction/regionalindicators/1998ndicators/1998IndicatorsRpt.pdf
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Indicators
Method 5: Metrics and Indicators
Criteria
- Relevance: e.g., Regionalism, Wild Salmon Runs in Seattle- Reflect Community Values - Resonates with the Audience- Attractive to Local Media- Statistically Measurable- Logically or Scientifically Defensible- Reliable - Measured and Updated over time- Leading (No stagnation)- Policy Relevant (and responsive)
Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Usein King County
http://sustainableseattle.org/Programs/IndicatorsIntoAction/regionalindicators/1998ndicators/1998IndicatorsRpt.pdf
http://citylivingseattle.com/ http://sustainableseattle.org/Programs/IndicatorsIntoAction/regionalindicators/1998ndicators/1998IndicatorsRpt.pdf
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
“The indicators a society chooses to report to itself about itself are
surprisingly powerful. They reflect collective values and inform collective
decisions. A nation that keeps a watchful eye on its salmon runs or the
safety of its streets makes different choices than does a nation that
is only paying attention to its GNP. The idea of citizens choosing their
own indicators is something new under the sun—something intensely
democratic.” —Donella H. Meadows
Conclusion
Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
Best, Aaron, Hans Van Dusen, and Richard Conlin, comps. Sustainable Seattle - Indicators of Sustainable Community - 1998. Rep. Mar. 2004. Web. 28 Oct. 2010. <http://sustainablese attle.org/Programs/IndicatorsIntoAction/regionalindicators/1998ndicators/>
“Information Commons.” Your Central Puget Sound Information Source for Making Sustain able Choices. Sustainable Seattle. Web. 28 Oct. 2010. <http://www.b-sustainable.org/>.
Sustainable Seattle. “Programs, Resources, About Us.” Healthy Communities, Economies, Eco- systems. Web. 28 Oct. 2010. <http://www.sustainableseattle.org/>.
Wheeler, Stephen. “Tools for Sustainability Planning.” Planning for Sustainability: Creating Liv- able, Equitable, and Ecological Communities. London: Routledge, 2004. 85-101. Print.
Wheeler, Stephen. “Theory of Sustainable Planning.” Planning for Sustainability: Creating Liv- able, Equitable, and Ecological Communities. London: Routledge, 2004. 34-52. Print.
Bibliography
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Green Dreams of Suburbia: Climate Change, Sustainability and Urban Form Tuesday, November 9, 2010 Christian Wagner
www.b-sustainable.org