Green Energy and Technology

Volume 129

For further volumes:http://www.springer.com/series/8059

Fausto CavallaroEditor

Assessment and SimulationTools for Sustainable EnergySystems

Theory and Applications

123

EditorFausto CavallaroDepartment of Economics, Management, Society and InstitutionsUniversity of MoliseCampobassoItaly

ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic)ISBN 978-1-4471-5142-5 ISBN 978-1-4471-5143-2 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-5143-2Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013943565

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To my Mother and Father

Preface

Energy and the supply of energy sources have played a central role in thedevelopment of modern society. The technological revolution of the last centurywould not have been achieved without the invention and rapid expansion ofsystems for electricity distribution.

Up until the energy crises of the 1970s and early 1980s, satisfying energydemand was basically a question of the availability of resources and the besttechnology on hand. The last 20-30 years, however, have seen a change in theway of interpreting the idea of availability and of energy supply.

The main factor that triggered this change is tied to the sharp rise in the price ofenergy caused by the first oil crisis in the 1970s. In the West, that era heralded thecollapse of the myth of cheap, plentiful and easily available energy and raised inits place concerns about the imminent exhaustion of natural resources. At the sametime, the worries linked to the environmental consequences deriving from anincreasingly greater use of hydrocarbons led to the search for energy technologiesthat were environmentally compatible.

In recent years the concept of energy has been revised and a new model basedon the principle of sustainability has become more and more pervasive. The idea ofsustainable energy is founded on three main principles: production pertaining totechnologies for generating energy particularly those using renewable sources, usewhich encompasses the different classes of energy efficiency and saving, andenvironmental impact in terms of pollution and the use of natural resources, whichshould be minimised. This broad-based model does not embrace merely energyproduction but also its utilization, both of which are inserted within a bigger andmore complex picture, i.e. sustainable development. In order to tackle the problemof sustainable energy effectively, it requires that energy-related economic, tech-nological and ecological issues are no longer approached separately but are dealtwith as a single integrated concern.

In its recent report Energy Technology Perspectives (2012), the InternationalEnergy Agency (IEA) underlines that to achieve sustainability it is essential tomake a determined effort to activate the development and propagation of tech-nologies for the decarbonization of the energy system. Unfortunately, it is morethan evident that current schemes for technological innovations are proceeding at arather slow pace and presumably will not be able to guarantee any real change in

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the energy system in the short term, a key factor to meet environmental sustain-ability targets.

The IEA gives unequivocal warning of the unsustainability over the medium–long term of the current balance between economic growth, energy demand andenvironmental impact. Based on a scenario which does not include any additionalmeasures or policies to tackle the energy issue, it forecasts that by 2050 emissionsof pollutants will have doubled compared to the figures for 2009. The Agency alsostresses that the majority of technologies that could play a leading role in the shifttowards low-carbon energy systems are still progressing very slowly.

The European Union, conscious of the risks linked to climate change, has takenan active interest in the issues related to sustainable energy. Indeed, in late 2007,the European Commission launched the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Planto promote the development and deployment of low carbon technologies that arecapable of demonstrating good cost/benefit ratios. The SET Plan highlights the keyrole that energy technologies have to play in order to meet the European targets for2020 (and the longer term ones for 2050) to fight climate change.

In this context, the scientific procedure of assessment has a vital role in that itcan supply the right tools to evaluate the actual situation and make realisticforecasts of the effects and outcomes of any actions undertaken. The results of anaccurate and effective assessment are undoubtedly a valid aid and guide not onlyfor decision makers as a whole, but also for entrepreneurs, managers, designersand scientists. In brief, for anyone who wishes to measure or simulate the prop-agation and effect of an action (i.e. a plan, a project, a research study, etc.).

This book aims to offer readers a review of the main methods and approachesthat can be used for assessment and simulation in the field of sustainable energysystems. The volume is divided into three parts. The first is dedicated to theanalysis of the theoretical foundations and applications of multicriteria decisionmaking and contains the following chapters. Chapter 1 is dedicated to sustain-ability assessment of solar technologies based on linguistic information. In thischapter a modified multicriteria method (PROMETHEE) that uses fuzzy sets isproposed to handle linguistic information for the assessment and appraisal of solarenergy technologies. Chapter 2 focuses on outranking approaches and the diffi-culties underlying choices in Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Inparticular, the authors propose the RUBIS method and the RUBIS D3 web serverto select photovoltaic plants for the insular grid on the French island of Corsica. InChap. 3 the Analytical Network Process (ANP) is used in order to evaluate andselect the main green energy alternatives for the country of Turkey. The conflictingcriteria used in the evaluation process are classified using the Benefits, Opportu-nities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) framework. Chapter 4 deals with the study andevaluation of decision criteria that influence the location of solar photovoltaic andthermoelectric plants, in order to obtain their weights or importance coefficients towhich Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology is to be applied. In Chap. 5a multi-attribute decision-making method combining cloud and utility theory isdescribed in order to evaluate different locations for a wind farm in NorthernSpain. Chapter 6 illustrates how geographical areas have diverse green energy

viii Preface

resources and different levels of energy consumption. The aim of this chapter is togroup geographic areas in such a way that energy demand in a geographic clustermatches the available green energy potential in the same cluster. In Chap. 7 amethodology based on a cumulative belief degree approach is suggested for theprioritization of energy sources. The approach enables the use of all types ofevaluations, without the loss of any information. In Chap. 8 the ranking of differentscenarios for wind farm configurations is computed and discussed. The TIMEDapproach and the methodological framework for robustness analysis are described.Finally, Chap. 9 focuses on the technological assessment of heat pump waterheaters using a tool based on a hierarchical decision model.

The second part concentrates on the theory and practice of fuzzy inference,neural net and algorithm genetics and comprises the following chapters.Chapter 10 sets out a model providing a general mechanism to measure the sus-tainability of energy sectors. The model, based on the Sustainability Assessmentby Fuzzy Evaluation (SAFE) approach, is applied to a large number of countries,ranked according to their sustainable energy development. Chapter 11 explainshow Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) operate bypresenting a number of problems regarding different applications of solar energysystems. Chapter 12 focuses on the theoretical background of ANN methodologiesapplicable to the field of wind speed and discusses the implementation issues in aregion with complex terrain, namely Chania on the Greek island of Crete. InChap. 13 a new approach is proposed to deal with the ‘‘allocation procedure’’ inLife Cycle Inventory (LCI). The approach used is based on GAs to resolve multi-output systems and it is applied to a case study related to a cogeneration process.The second part concludes with Chap. 14 which explains the design and imple-mentation of the maximum power point (MPP) tracking algorithm for a photo-voltaic module using fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm.

The third and final part of the volume is dedicated to simulation methods suchas Monte Carlo analysis, Mathematical Programming (MP), Value StreamMapping (VSM), Particle Smarm Optimization (PSO) and Discrete-Event Simu-lation (DES). Chapter 15 introduces the main simulation techniques for sustainableenergy systems, i.e. Monte Carlo, Dynamic Systems (DS), DES and Agent BasedSimulation (ABS). In Chap. 16 the authors propose a combination of MathematicalProgramming and Monte Carlo simulation in order to deal with project portfoliooptimization. A case study using real data from the Clean Development Mecha-nism (CDM) projects’ database is developed to illustrate the method. Chapter 17offers a future-oriented Energy Value Stream Mapping approach designed toenhance energy efficiency in small- and medium-sized manufacturing companies.In Chap. 18 a simulation-based generic framework is described for the assessmentof energy efficiency in Lean Manufacturing (LM) systems with the aim of con-tributing to theoretical and practical studies addressing both sustainable energy andperformance in manufacturing systems. Finally, Chap. 19 focuses on the socio-effective value of bio-diesel production. An approach based on PSO and Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) is implemented to obtain appropriate solutions of themodel.

Preface ix

I hope that readers will find this volume a useful tool for energy assessmenttasks. I also wish it to be a source of new ideas for further advancements in softcomputing and simulation issues for sustainable energy.

Italy, December 2012 Fausto Cavallaro

x Preface

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Ms. Susan Heather Parker for her valuable help. I am greatlyindebted to the reviewers whose considerable work has decisively contributed tocertify the quality of the chapters. Without their invaluable collaboration I couldnot have achieved certain goals. In particular, I would like to express my deepgratitude to: Fulvio Ardente (Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Sus-tainability Assessment Unit, EC-DG JRC), Serdar Baysan (Department of Indus-trial Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, _Istanbul, Turkey) MohamedBenghanem (Department of Physics, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia) SelcukCebi (Department of Industrial Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University,Trabzon, Turkey), Didem Çinar (Department of Industrial Engineering, IstanbulTechnical University, _Istanbul, Turkey), Tugrul Daim (Department of Engineeringand Technology Management, Portland State University, Portland, USA), AlessioIshizaka (Portsmouth Business School, University of Portsmouth), Jorg Kalcsics(Institute of Operations Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe,Germany), Cengiz Kahraman (Department of Industrial Engineering, IstanbulTechnical University, Istanbul, Turkey), Gülgün Kayakutlu (Department ofIndustrial Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, _Istanbul, Turkey) GeorgeMavrotas (Laboratory of Industrial and Energy Economics, National TechnicalUniversity of Athens, Greece), Eunika Mercier-Laurent (University of Lyon3,Lyon, France), Basar Öztaysi (Department of Industrial Engineering, IstanbulTechnical University, _Istanbul, Turkey), Rocío Poveda-Bautista (UniversidadPolitecnica de Valencia, Departamento de Proyectos de Ingeniería, Valencia,Spain), Stelios Rozakis (Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Agri-cultural Economics and Rural Development, Athens, Greece), George Sgouros(Iberdrola Renovables, Greece), Buke Tayfun (Mugla University, Department ofPhysics, Mugla, Turkey), Theocharis Tsoutsos (Technical University of Crete,Environmental Engineering Department, Chania, Greece), Alexandros Kontoge-orgakopoulos (Cardiff School of Art and Design, University of Wales InstituteCardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom), Vicente Salas (Universidad Carlos III de

xi

Madrid, Electronic Technology Department, Spain) Tommi Tervonen (ErasmusUniversity Rotterdam, Econometric Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands), SedaUgurlu (Istanbul Technical University, Department of Industrial Engineering,_Istanbul, Turkey).

xii Acknowledgments

Contents

Part I Multi-Criteria Foundations and Applications

1 Sustainability Assessment of Solar Technologies Basedon Linguistic Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Fausto Cavallaro and Luigi Ciraolo

2 Photovoltaic Plants Selection on an Insular Grid UsingMulticriteria Outranking Tools: Applicationin Corsica Island (France) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Pascal Oberti, Marc Muselli and Pierrick Haurant

3 Assessment of Green Energy Alternatives Using Fuzzy ANP . . . . 55Basar Öztaysi, Seda Ugurlu and Cengiz Kahraman

4 Decision Criteria for Optimal Location of Solar Plants:Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79J. Miguel Sánchez-Lozano, M. Socorro García-Cascalesand M. Teresa Lamata

5 A Multi-Attribute Model for Wind Farm Location CombiningCloud and Utility Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93José Ramón San Cristóbal

6 Territorial Design for Matching Green Energy Supplyand Energy Consumption: The Case of Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Seda Ugurlu, Basar Öztaysi and Cengiz Kahraman

7 A Cumulative Belief Degree Approach for Prioritizationof Energy Sources: Case of Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Özgür Kabak, Didem Cinar and Gulcin Yucel Hoge

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8 MCDA: Measuring Robustness as a Tool to Address StrategicWind Farms Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Maria de L. Vazquez, Jean-Philippe Waaub and Adrian Ilinca

9 Assessment of Energy Efficiency Technologies:Case of Heat Pump Water Heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183Tugrul U. Daim, Craig Kensel and Kenny Phan

Part II Fuzzy Inference, Artificial Neural Net, Algorithm Genetics

10 A Fuzzy Paradigm for the Sustainability Evaluationof Energy Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Evangelos Grigoroudis, Vassilis S. Kouikoglou and Yannis A. Phillis

11 Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithmsfor the Modeling, Simulation, and PerformancePrediction of Solar Energy Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Soteris A. Kalogirou

12 Artificial Neural Network Based Methodologiesfor the Estimation of Wind Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247Despina Deligiorgi, Kostas Philippopoulosand Georgios Kouroupetroglou

13 The Use of Genetic Algorithms to Solve the AllocationProblems in the Life Cycle Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Maurizio Cellura, Sonia Longo, Giuseppe Marsala,Marina Mistretta and Marcello Pucci

14 Design and Implementation of Maximum Power Point TrackingAlgorithm Using Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm . . . . . . . . . 285Adnane Messai and Adel Mellit

Part III Simulation Models and Approaches

15 Simulation and Renewable Energy Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311H. Kutay Tinç and C. Erhan Bozdag

16 Combining Mathematical Programming and Monte CarloSimulation to Deal with Uncertainty in EnergyProject Portfolio Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333George Mavrotas and Olena Pechak

xiv Contents

17 Value Stream Maps for Industrial Energy Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . 357Cem Keskin, Umut Asan and Gulgun Kayakutlu

18 Assessment of Energy Efficiency in Lean Transformation:A Simulation Based Improvement Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Serdar Baysan, Emre Cevikcan and Sule Itır Satoglu

19 Socio-Effective Value of Bio-Diesel Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395Ayca Altay, Secil Ercan and Yasemin Ozliman

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Contents xv

Contributors

Ayça Altay was born in Izmir, Turkey in 1983. She obtained her undergraduatedegree in Industrial Engineering from Istanbul Technical University (ITU) in 2005,her degree of master of science in Industrial Engineering from ITU in 2007 and herdoctoral degree in Industrial Engineering from ITU in 2012. In her doctoral dis-sertation, she studied Collective Intelligence-based Metaheuristics. She studiesMetaheuristics, mainly Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms.

Umut Asan is currently Assistant Professor in the Industrial EngineeringDepartment at ITU, Turkey. He holds a doctoral degree (Dr.-Ing.) in IndustrialEngineering from Technical University of Berlin. He published papers in refereedinternational journals in the areas of decision making, fuzzy sets and futuresresearch. His present research interests include multicriteria decision making,probabilistic modelling and uncertain reasoning.

Serdar Baysan M.Sc. is a researcher and Ph.D. Candidate in the IndustrialEngineering Department of ITU, Turkey. He received his master’s degree from thesame department in 2009 and had been a visiting researcher in Tokyo Institute ofTechnology between 2009 and 2011. His research interests include lean trans-formation, lean product development, feasibility analysis and discrete eventsimulation.

Erhan Bozdag received the B.S. degree from the Department of IndustrialEngineering, ITU, Turkey, in 1988. He received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees fromGraduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, ITU, in 1992 and 1998,respectively. He has been working as an Assistant Professor in the IndustrialEngineering Department of ITU since 2000. His research interests include systemsimulation, system dynamics, agent-based simulation and uncertain systems.

Maria Socorro García Cascales received the M.S. degree in Industrial Engi-neering and the Ph.D. degree in Industrial Engineering from the Technical Uni-versity of Cartagena, Murcia, Spain in 2009. She received the TechnicalUniversity of Cartagena’s doctorate award in 2010. She is a Professor in theDepartment of Electronic Computer Architecture and Project Engineering (DET-CP) of the Technical University of Cartagena, and a member of the Models of

xvii

Decision and Optimization (MODO) Research Group of the University of Gra-nada, Spain. She has published 12 papers in scientific journals of impact; 10chapters of books. She has more than 40 publications in national and internationalcongresses. She is currently involved in a research project on ‘‘Applicability ofSoft Computing in Advanced Technology Environments: Sustainability’’. Hercurrent scientific interests are soft computing, fuzzy sets and systems, decisionsupport systems, applications in engineering projects and renewable energy.

Fausto Cavallaro graduated in Economics in 1991. During 1995-1996 he was aFellow of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) for post graduatedadvanced studies in environmental management. He received his M.Sc. in Envi-ronmental Management from EAEME (a University organization and network ofEuropean Polytechnics and Universities) in 1997, and Ph.D. on ‘‘Technology andEconomics of Processes and of Products for Environmental Safeguard’’ from theUniversity of Catania (Italy) in 1998. Since 2002 he is Associate Professor atUniversity of Molise (Italy) of energy and environmental resources and environ-mental management systems. His research interest are in the areas of technologyassessment, environmental management systems, modelling decision supportsystem and fuzzy multicriteria analysis for renewable and conventional energysystems. He is involved in several research projects and has published manyarticles and publications.

Maurizio Cellura is full Professor of Building Physics and Building EnergySystems at the University of Palermo, Italy. He is the author of more than 200papers for conferences, national and international journals in the following fields:LCA, Ecodesign, RETs, sustainable building, industrial ecology and decisionsupport system. Since 2012 he is Vice-President of the Italian LCA Association.He is Chair of the Energy and Sustainable Technologies Working group of theItalian Network of LCA. Since 2000 he is member of the IEA task 24 (ActiveSolar Procurement), 38 (Solar cooling) and 40 (Towards Solar NZEB).

Emre Cevikcan is currently a lecturer in the Industrial Engineering Department ofITU, Turkey. He received the M.Sc. degree and the Ph.D. degree in 2010 in IndustrialEngineering from ITU, Turkey. He studied the scheduling of production systems forhis Ph.D. dissertation. His research has so far focused on the design of productionsystems (assembly lines, production cells, etc.), lean production and scheduling.

Didem Cinar is a Research Assistant at Industrial Engineering Department ofITU, Turkey. She is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in Industrial Engineeringof ITU. Her research interests include integer programming, metaheuristics,scheduling problems and operations research applications in energy.

Luigi Ciraolo is full Professor of ‘‘Technology and Quality’’ at Department ofEconomics, Business, Environment and Quantitative Methods of the University ofMessina (Italy). Director of the Department of Studies on ‘‘Resources, Enterprise,Environment and Quantitative Methodologies’’ at University of Messina from1998 uninterruptedly until 31/10/2008. Component of a research unit involved in

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the Italian research project PRIN 2008–‘‘Improving sustainability and competi-tiveness of the Italian agri-food chain with innovative environmental manage-ment’’-EMAF (EcoMAnagement for Food).

José Ramón San Cristóbal has been a Teacher at the University of Cantabria,Spain, since 1998. He obtained his Ph.D. in 2004. His area of work is managementscience/operations research in general, applied to several fields. His research hasfocused on fields such as input/output and natural resources; investment criteriaand cogeneration plants; linear programming models and environment; multicri-teria analysis and multi-objective programming models in renewable energies andproject management.

Tugrul U. Daim is an Associate Professor and Director of the TechnologyManagement Ph.D. Program at the Engineering and Technology ManagementDepartment of Portland State University in Portland, Oregon, USA. He consultsthe energy sector in technology planning.

Despina Deligiorgi B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. in Physics, University of Athens,Greece is Assistant Professor in the Division of Environmental Physics-Meteorol-ogy, Department of Physics, University of Athens. Her current research topicsinclude: physics of atmospheric boundary layer, atmospheric air quality and trans-port of air pollutants, applied and dynamic climatology–climatic changes, windenergy and environmental education. She has participated in a number of fundedresearch projects and has been reviewer/evaluator of various projects/programs.

Seçil Ercan was born in Istanbul, Turkey in 1987. She obtained her undergrad-uate degree in Industrial Engineering from ITU, in 2009 and her degree of masterof science in Industrial Engineering from ITU, in 2011. She studied classificationby using Support Vector Machines in her master’s thesis. She started her Ph.D. inIndustrial Engineering in the same year. She studies mathematical modelling,artificial intelligence and artificial neural networks.

Evangelos Grigoroudis received his diploma in Production and ManagementEngineering from the Technical University of Crete (Greece) in 1991, and M.Sc.and Ph.D. degrees from the same university in 1996 and 1999, respectively. He isAssistant Professor at the Department of Production Engineering and Manage-ment, Technical University of Crete, and member of the editorial boards of severaljournals. His research interests are in operational research, management andcontrol of quality and environmental management systems.

Pierrick Haurant Ph.D. of University of Corsica since 2012. His thesis concernedenergetic planning in Corsica and specifically photovoltaic power integration in itselectrical network. Photovoltaic plants were selected by multicriteria analysis.Radiations cartographies of Corsica were built from satellite images while territorialcompensations of radiations variations were studied to propose an optimal disper-sion of future photovoltaic plants. Now he works on solar resource predictions usingArtificial Neural Networks and hybrid photovoltaic/thermal cells modelling.

Contributors xix

Gülçin Yücel Höge is a Lecturer at Industrial Engineering Department of ITU,Turkey. She got her Ph.D. degree in Industrial Engineering of ITU in 2010. Shehad a Post-Doc research at the Chair of Human Factors Engineering and ProductErgonomics, Berlin Technical University, Germany for the period 2002/2011–2001/2012, and she was a Fulbright visiting researcher at the School ofIndustrial Engineering at Purdue University, USA for the period 2008/2008-2008/2009. Her research interests include ergonomics, job design, human factors andsystem engineering in healthcare, usability analysis, risk assessment and fuzzydecision making.

Adrian Ilinca has completed a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at ÉcolePolytechnique de Montreal and is Professor at Université du Québec à Rimouski,Canada. He is conducting research in different areas—resource assessment,technological development, adaptation to cold climates, MCDA—related torenewable energies and more specifically wind energy. He is Director of the WindEnergy Research Laboratory that regroups a multidisciplinary team of professorsfrom different universities.

Özgür Kabak is an Assistant Professor at the Industrial Engineering Departmentof ITU, Turkey. He received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in industrial engineering bothfrom ITU, in 2003 and 2008, respectively. He had a Post-Doc research at BelgianNuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN) in 2009-2010 with the support of BelgianScience Policy (BELSPO). He has publications in a variety of journals includingIEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, European Journal ofOperational Research, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, andJournal of Global Optimization. His current research interests include fuzzydecision making, mathematical programming and supply chain management.

Cengiz Kahraman obtained his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from ITU(Turkey) and on Industrial Engineering in 1988, 1990 and 1996, respectively. Hismain research areas include engineering economics, quality management andcontrol, statistical decision making and fuzzy sets applications. He published over150 international journal papers and 5 edited books from Springer. He guest-editedmany special issues of international journals. He is presently the Head of theIndustrial Engineering department of ITU.

Soteris Kalogirou Ph.D., D.Sc., is a Senior Lecturer at the Department ofMechanical Engineering and Materials Sciences and Engineering of the CyprusUniversity of Technology. He is also Professor Associate at Brunel University, UKand Adjunct Professor at the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), Ireland. Formore than 25 years, he is actively involved in research in the area of solar energy.Additionally, since 1995 he is involved in research dealing with the use of artificialintelligence methods for the modelling and performance prediction of energy andsolar energy systems.

Gulgun Kayakutlu is currently Associate Professor in the ITU Industrial Engi-neering Department, Istanbul, Turkey. She gives lectures in operations research

xx Contributors

and artificial intelligence techniques; her studies are mainly in the Energy Field.She has more than 20 papers published in SCI journals and more than 50 articlespresented in international conferences. Her major fields of study are decisionmaking, optimization and intelligence in the Energy Field.

Craig Kensel is an engineer at Intel Corporation. He is also a graduate student atthe Engineering and Technology Management Department of Portland StateUniversity in Portland, Oregon, USA.

Cem Keskin is currently working as a consultant in the field of energy efficiency.He has graduated in Physics from the Middle East Technical University andreceived a master’s degree from the Energy Sciences Institute in ITU, Turkey.

Vassilis S. Kouikoglou received his diploma in Electrical Engineering from theNational Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece, 1985, and a Ph.D. fromthe Technical University of Crete, 1989. He is Professor of the Technical Uni-versity of Crete and has served as Chairman of the Department of ProductionEngineering and Management. His research interests are in modelling and opti-mization of production networks and environmental systems.

Georgios Kouroupetroglou B.Sc., Ph.D. in Physics, is Associate Professor in theDivision of Communication and Signal Processing, Department of Informatics andTelecommunications, University of Athens, Greece. His current research interestsfocus on the area of speech signal processing, as a part of the major domain ofhuman–computer interaction. He has actively participated in a number of EuropeanUnion and National research projects. He has been reviewer/evaluator and a memberof working groups/technical panels of various EU projects.

María Teresa Lamata received the Ph.D. degree in Mathematics from theUniversity of Granada, Spain in 1986. She has worked in the area of fuzzy sets andthe related disciplines of computational intelligence for more than 25 years. Herresearch interests include aggregation operators, decision making under uncer-tainty, fusion of information, and their applications in renewable energy andhuman resources. She is currently full Professor at the Granada University,Director of the Models of Decision and Optimization (MODO) Research Groupand serves on the Editorial Board of International Journal of Uncertainty Fuzzinessand Knowledge-Based Systems.

Sonia Longo an Engineer for Environment and Territory, graduated in 2005. Shecompleted the Ph.D. in Environmental Technical Physics in 2010. Since 2007 shecollaborates with the Energy Department of the University of Palermo (Italy) asscientific consultant. She participated in research projects in the following fields:life cycle assessment, net zero energy buildings, eco-design, sustainable building,sustainable consumption and production strategies and renewable energy tech-nologies. She is the author of 39 papers for conferences, national and internationaljournals.

Contributors xxi

Juan Miguel Sánchez Lozano is an Industrial Engineer from the TechnicalUniversity of Cartagena, Spain since 2004 and has the m aster in RenewableEnergies title, Murcia 2010. Currently, he develops his work as a well-knownprofessional in the field of engineering projects and is also an Associate Professorin the Area of Graphic Expression in Engineering in the Graphic ExpressionDepartment at the Polytechnic University of Cartagena. He is a member of theOfficial College of Industrial Engineers of the Region of Murcia. He has published4 papers in scientific journals and has 9 publications in national and internationalconferences. His research is currently focused on decision making in renewableenergy, geographic information systems (GIS) and cartography, multicriteriadecision methods in engineering projects and fuzzy logic applied to multicriteriadecision making.

Giuseppe Marsala graduated in 2003 in Electronic Engineering. In 2004 hedeveloped a research activity on microprocessor systems within the Institute ofIntelligent System for Automation (ISSIA), of the CNR, Italy. In 2008 he receivedthe Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering, developing his research activity withinthe group of Converters, PEM Fuel Cell System and Control. Since 2009 he hasbeen a permanent researcher at ISSIA-CNR. His main research activities are:power electronics and control, renewable energy, power line communication andsmart grid.

George Mavrotas received his diploma (1990) and Ph.D. (2000) degrees in theSchool of Chemical Engineering from the NTUA, Greece. Currently, he isAssistant Professor at NTUA, School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory ofIndustrial and Energy Economics. Among his research interests are: operationsresearch, multicriteria decision analysis, multi-objective mathematical program-ming, mathematical programming with applications mainly in energy, environ-ment and portfolio selection. He has authored more than 50 articles in scientificjournals and book chapters and also has one contribution in the library of the well-known Mathematical programming language GAMS.

Adel Mellit was born in Algiers, Algeria on July 21, 1974. He received the B.E.,M.S.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees from USTHB University, Algiers, in 1998, 2002 and2006, respectively. He is currently Associate Professor of Renewable Energy atJijel University. His current research interests include photovoltaic materials,digital controller and artificial intelligence techniques for photovoltaic applica-tions. He is Associate Member at the ICTP, Trieste, Italy and also, AssociateEditor of Energy journal (Elsevier, Ltd).

Adnane Messai received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Electronics Engineeringfrom Batna University, Algeria, and the Ph.D. degree in Electronics Engineeringfrom Blida University, Algeria, in 1994, 2008 and 2012, respectively. Currently,he is the Head of Research Laboratory in Instrumentation and Control in aNational Research Center in Algeria. His research interests include measurementand control instrumentation and artificial intelligence applied to energetic systems.

xxii Contributors

Marina Mistretta graduated in Civil Engineering in 1997 and obtained her Ph.D.in Environmental Applied Physics in 2002. She is Assistant Professor at theUniversity of Reggio Calabria, Italy, teaching applied physics and technicalequipment and plants. Her research interests are environmental impact assessment;energy planning; llfe cycle assessment; industrial ecology; ecodesign; SAT;decision support systems. She is task leader of the working group ABART of theItalian RIRAB network. She is the author of papers published in ISI journals,books and proceedings of international conferences.

Marc Muselli second class Professor in physics & engineering at the Universityof Corsica/CNRS since 2000. His research topics concern the modelization,simulation and optimization of energy systems based on renewable energyresources (solar, wind) coupled to electrochemical (batteries, electrolysis and Fuelcells) or mecanical storage systems (flywheel technologies) for grid connection orsmart-grid configurations. Other works include satellite teledetection and artificialneural networks methods for the estimation and the prediction of renewable energyresources.

Pascal Oberti Associate Professor in Environmental Economics at the Universityof Corsica since 1998 with accreditation to supervise doctoral research (in FrenchHDR) from the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. Since 1995 heis member of the European Working Group on MCDA. His scientific interests areoperational research and multicriteria evaluation based on ELECTRE outrankingmethods, participatory MCDA and software development. The real territorialstudies relate energy policy, sustainable energy systems, solar energy and envi-ronmental management.

Yasemin Özliman was born in Istanbul, Turkey in 1987. She obtained herundergraduate degree in Environmental Engineering and Textile Engineering fromUludag University (ITU), Turkey, in 2010. During her undergraduate degree, sheconducted researches on refinement of water and cyanide and environmentaleffects of wastewater from the textile industry. She is now a master’s student inITU Institute of Energy Sciences and Technologies and studies Carbon Credits inBiogas Facilities. She is also a founding partner of Crudus Environment andEnergy which provides consulting services on energy investments.

Basar Öztaysi is an Instructor and Researcher at the Industrial EngineeringDepartment of ITU Management Faculty, Turkey. After earning his B.Sc. inIndustrial Engineering and receiving his M.Sc. in Management Engineering, hecompleted his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering program at the ITU Institute ofScience and Technology in 2009. The focus of his Ph.D. was on fuzzy measure-ment and CRM systems. His research interests include data mining, customerrelationship management, social networks and systems design.

Olena Pechak received her B.Sc. (2005) and M.Sc. (2007) in Ecology andEnvironmental Protection from the National Technical University of Ukraine.Currently, she is pursuing a Ph.D. degree in Decision Making for Environmental

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Policy at the NTUA, Greece, and is a scholarship holder of the Hellenic StateScholarships Foundation (IKY). Her research interests include environmentalprotection, climate change issues and climate policy, renewable energy sources,sustainable development and multicriteria decision analysis.

Kenny Phan is a Ph.D. candidate at the Engineering and Technology Manage-ment Department of Portland State University in Portland, Oregon. He has workedfor Energy Trust of Oregon, USA.

Kostas Philippopoulos is a B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. candidate in Physics, Divisionof Environmental Physics-Meteorology, Department of Physics, University ofAthens, Greece. His current research interests include: statistical modelling ofatmospheric processes, wind energy, applied climatology, air quality and transportof air pollutants.

Yannis A. Phillis received his diploma in Electrical and Mechanical Engineeringfrom the NTUA, Greece, 1973, and the Ph.D. from UCLA, 1980. He is Professorand Rector of the Technical University of Crete, Greece. He is the recipient ofnumerous honors from Boston University, UCLA, and the Academy of Athens,among others. In 1994, he founded and developed the 80-acre Park for the Pres-ervation of Flora and Fauna in Crete. He is an award winning literary writer inGreece and the US and a Fellow of AAAS.

Marcello Pucci is an Electrical Engineer and received the Ph.D. degree in 2002.From 2001 to 2007 he was a Researcher and, since 2008, he has been a SeniorResearcher at the Institute on Intelligent Systems for Automation (ISSIA), CNR,Italy. His current research interests are electrical machines, control, diagnosis, andidentification techniques of electrical drives, intelligent control and power con-verters. He serves as Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on industrialelectronics. He is member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of ElectricalSystems.

Sule Itir Satoglu earned an Engineering Management master’s degree andIndustrial Engineering Ph.D. degree, from ITU, Turkey. She is currently a FacultyMember of the ITU Industrial Engineering Department. Her research interestsinclude lean production systems, lean logistics, assembly lines, production plan-ning, system simulation and mathematical modelling.

H. Kutay Tinç received the B.S. degree from the Department of MathematicalEngineering, ITU, Turkey, in 2005. He received the M.S. from the Department ofIndustrial Engineering from the same university in 2007 and is in the process ofwriting his Ph.D. thesis. He has been working as a Research Assistant in theIndustrial Engineering Department of ITU since 2005. His research interestsinclude game theory, supply chain optimization, energy systems optimization anddecision making.

Seda Ugurlu received her Ph.D. degree at ITU, Industrial Engineering Depart-ment in 2011 and is currently a full-time faculty member at the Industrial

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Engineering Department of ITU, Turkey. She works as part of the ProductionEngineering group. Her research interests include quality management and control,supply chain design and transportation modelling. She has published papers inrecognized international journals. Prior to joining ITU, Dr. Ugurlu has worked inmultinational companies in the IT and retail sector.

Maria L. R. de Vazquez holds a master’s degree in Environmental Science, acertificate in Geographical Information Systems and a bachelor’s degree inMechanical and Electrical Engineering. She worked more than 10 years in theelectrical sector. She has followed training in wind energy. Currently, she is adoctoral candidate in environmental sciences at Université du Québec à Rimouski,Canada where she works on participatory decision making and sustainable windenergy development. Her doctoral research has received funding from the Quebecgovernment to be adapted and applied in Mexico and Brazil.

Jean-Philippe Waaub is full Professor at the Geography Department, Universityof Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Canada where he is directing the GEIGER(Interdisciplinary Research Group in Geography and Environment). He is alsodirecting the Group for Research in Decision Analysis (GERAD; HEC, Poly-technique, McGill, UQAM). He is codirecting the team Energy and Environmentat GERAD (E2G). His research in Quebec, Canada, Europe and Africa deals withenvironmental assessment, participatory multicriteria decision aid and modellingof industrial systems related to climate change (TIMES Approach).

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