green facade as a prototype way of extending natural sphere in a hyper dense urban context

8/16/2019 Green Facade as a Prototype Way of Extending Natural Sphere in a Hyper Dense Urban Context

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 02, FEBRUARY 2016 ISSN 2277-8616

1IJSTR©2016www.ijstr.org

Green Facade As A Prototype Way Of ExtendingNatural Sphere In A Hyper Dense Urban Context.

Tinashe Honde, Dr Halil Zafer Alibaba

Abstract: Analysis of vertical (greenery) landscape, an alternative to our historical horizontal landscape which lost its control due to urbanization anddeforestation. Urban cites are increasingly expanding upwards and spreading horizontal which is now a direct negative impact on landscape and health

As Population increase there is demand of land for shelter and health also. This paper seeks to analysis if vertical landscape helps to link this gap whichis increasingly expanding – (shortages of clean air, natural environment, exposed to direct light etc.).The paper sorely use three case studies which arein three different climates so as to give wider decision when applying vertical landscaping. The selection of case studies is based on their role aspioneers of vertical landscape and the benefit which is now at stake. This is achieved through research and literature reviews on those case studiesThis paper seeks to provide better alternative when design building with vertical landscape, and tries to lay out some of the critical principles to considewhen design a green façade (vertical landscape). Finally the writer define the benefit of using vertical landscape to natural environment, manmadeenvironment and users as well.

Index Terms: Green Facade, Double Screen Facade, Urbanization, Micro climate.————————————————————

1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, designers have promoted the idea ofintegrating plants into the envelopes of buildings to addressboth aesthetic and energy concerns. Such vegetated wallstraditionally include vines or bushes growing directly alongthe facade or along trellises and wire supports. Morecomplex vegetated wall types also include a layer of soiland are integrated directly into the facade construction[1].Rapid urbanization has increased the demand forbuildings in the urban setup. There is need to reconsiderthe green belt which is being sacrificed to structuresspreading across the land. The main aim of the research isto analysis the green facades in three different climates andclearly state the benefits of vertical landscape. This isachieved through reviewing project case Studies andliterature linking sustainable architectural design, exploringtheir potential in developing more sustainable builtenvironments that promote green world. The use of greenvertical systems, well designed and managed, can be auseful tool for thermal regulation for buildings withinterested energy savings. [2]. Expanding cities and townsrequire land to establish the infrastructures necessary tosupport growing population which is done by clearing theforests [3]. Direct impact of rapid growing of cities andhuman activities is the destruction of environment whichaccompanied other drawbacks such as air pollution andscarcity [4]

1.1 BackgroundFor decades it has been understood that hedges and treesreduce wind-chill to surrounding structures or landforms By

providing a wind break; although much of the focus hasrelated to crop or livestock protection within agriculture [5]In recent years, designers have promoted the idea ointegrating plants into the envelopes of buildings to addressboth aesthetic and energy concerns. Such vegetated wallstraditionally include vines or bushes growing directly alongthe facade or along trellises and wire supports. Morecomplex vegetated wall types also include a layer of soiand are integrated directly into the facade construction. Interms of energy performance, plants on walls can be usedto lower both surrounding air temperatures (reducing theheat island effect) and facade surface temperaturesimmediately behind the vegetation, which can reduceconductive heat transfer through building envelopes and

thereby reduce cooling loads [1].

1.2 Problem statement.Urbanization and population increase cause a rapid urbanexpansion in the expanse of natural landscape andmanmade landscape.

1.3Aim of the studyThe purpose of this study is to illustrate a comprehensivebenefit of a vegetated wall in three different climate that canbe used to evaluate the effects of green facades on thethermal performance of a building facade for various inpuparameters, including weather conditions, climate zonesfacade orientation, wall assembly types, and, importantly, avariety of important plant characteristics.

2. PARAMETERS THAT INFLUENCE THEBEHAVIOR OF GREEN VERTICAL SYSTEMS

2.1 Construction systems classification. Vertical greening systems can be classified into façadegreenings and living walls systems according to theigrowing method [6]

_________________________

Tinashe Honde who is currently pursuing master’sdegree in Architecture at Eastern MediterraneanUniversity, North Cyprus, Turkey Email:[email protected]

Assist Prof Dr Halil Zafer Alibaba Email:[email protected] Tel: +905338630881, Fax+903926302365


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Table 1: Classification of Green Vertical Systems for buildings. [7]

Extensive systems Intensive systemsGreen façades Traditional - -

Double-skin Modular trellis -Wired -

Mesh -- - Perimeter flowerpots

Living walls - - Panels

- - Geotextile felt

Figure 1: (a) Direct green facade. (b) Double-skin green facade

[8]

‘Direct‘ green facades feature self-clinging climbers, whichadhere to the building exterior by means of adventitiousroots (e.g. Hedera helix) or self-adhesive pads (e.g.Parthenocissus quinquifolia) [8].‗Double-skin‘ greenfacades rely on engineered support structures (modulartrellises, stainless steel cables, or stainless steel/HDPEmesh) to assist the upward growth of a wider variety ofclimbing plants. In addition to the presence of a plantcanopy, double-skin green facades create an insulatinglayer of air between the foliage and building wall [8]

2.2 Summary of other parameters.

Table 2: Parameters that influence in the behavior of the green vertical systems as passive energy saving systems. [2]

Interception of solar radiation.Shadow

Thermal insulation andstorage

Evaporative cooling Variation of the effect of the wind

Density of the foliage(number of layers)

Density of the foliage(number of layers)

Type of plant Density of the foliage (number of layers)

Changes in the air in theintermediate space

Exhibition Orientation of the facade

Barrier effect of wind Climate (dry/wet) Direction and wind speedSubstrate: thickness, bulkdensity and moisture content

Wind speed

Substrate moisture

3. BENEFITS OF VERTICAL GREENINGSYSTEMS

3.1 Environmental benefits Vertical greening systems can improve biodiversity; in highdensity urban areas, where so much green space is lost atground level, this becomes a vital function [6]. Moreover itabsorbs dust, clean air through the process ofphotosynthesis where by plant consume carbon dioxide andrelease oxygen which is a vital necessity in our lives,without it we are dead. [4]

3.2 Social and personal benefits The social costs and benefits considered in this studyconcern air quality improvement, carbon reduction, habitatcreation, aesthetic impact, urban heat island mitigation andtax incentives connected to the installation of verticalgreening systems in urban areas. The positiveenvironmental effects of vertical greening systems havebeen considered in terms of costs savings for the society[9]. Plants create places for recreation and rest, becauseconnecting to nature is biologically inmate it is proven thatplants increase human health and wellbeing [4]. Apart from

social and personal benefits, it is important to make peopleaware of the economic and environmental benefits overtical greenery systems as well.

3.4 Economic benefits Studies demonstrate that a vertical green layer cancontribute to the building envelope performances bycreating an extra stagnant air layer which has an insulatingeffect and reduces the energy demand for air-conditioningup to 40 - 60% in Mediterranean climate [9]


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3.3 Energy savings

Table 3: Operating methods of Green Vertical Systems as passive systems for energy savings in buildings. [7]

Effect Method

Shade Solar radiation interception provided by plants Cooling Evapotranspiration from plants and substrates Insulation Insulation capacity of the different construction system layers: plants, air, substrates, felts, panels, etc. Wind barrier Wind effect modification by plants and support structures

4 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS

4.1 Council House 2 (CH2), Melbourne, south-eastern part of Australia

Fig 2: Council House 2 site location, Author after google maps [10]

The weather in Melbourne is highly inconsistent, and issometimes described as ‗four seasons in one day‘. [11].The architect use the local Succulent plant as green façade.Vertical greenery to balcony sides screen low angle sun+

filter glare. Tree provides glare control and movement forvisual pleasure, shade and healthy air quality. ―Green‖ north

edge provides opportunity for daily interaction with natureAccess to nature enhances productivity by relieving stressOn external northern facades, balconies has got trellisedplants running the full height of the building thereby provide

both lateral protection from the sun‘s direct rays and helpcontrol glare by diffusing light on each side.

Fig 3: Pictorial view showing double-skin trellisvertical greenery [12]

Fig 4: Pictorial view showing double-skin trellisvertical greenery [12]


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Fig 5: Balcony plan showing double-skin trellisvertical greenery [10]

Fig 6: Balcony section showing double-skin trellisvertical greenery facade [10]

4.2 Bosco Verticale, Milan, Italy

Fig 7: Bosco Verticale site location, Author after google maps, [13].

Fig 8: Pictorial view showing

vertical greenery [14]

Figure 9 : Balcony section

showing vertical greenery [15]

Figur e 10: Pictorial view showing

vertical greenery [14]


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4.3 Eastgate shopping Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Figur e 11: Eastgate shopping Centre, Author after google maps [16]

Figur e 12: Pictorial view showing mesh vertical greenery as a double façade [17]

Figur e 13: Pictorial view showing mesh vertical greenery as a double façade [18].

5. DICUSSIONS AND FINDINGS Key issues for Architects, Engineers and other stakeholdersetc. to consider when dealing with green façade. We needvertical greenery systems as a sustainable tool to close thegap between sharp increase in population and sharpdecrease in environmental cover in urban cities.Researches as gone far in some of the sustainableremedies like using bioclimatic architecture or solararchitecture [4], but planting a plant vertical on a buildinghas got its advantage which cannot be supplied by ourmanmade environment and technology. Vertical greenery iscapable of providing shade into a building thereby reducedirect heat gain, which we will lead to less use ofmechanical ventilation in cooling the interior of the building.It acts as a wind buffer, while producing oxygen meaninggiving a health environment to the uses. This is a clearindication that vertical greenery is a tool of sustainablearchitecture Construction system - how you place plants ona building facades, and the constructional details whichmakes it easy in maintenance and able to hold the plant inposition given different harsh weather. Climate influences the growth of plant species. Climate conditions influenceGreen facades operation because climate affects directlythe thermal performance of a building, and the specificaspects of plants such as the species to be used, theirgrowth rate, their transpiration, etc. Plant species whenchoosing plants on your building you should chose localones or ones that are used to growing in high places with

exposure to the particular façade. It is recommended to use

deciduous or evergreen, shrubs or climbing plants. ACouncil House 2 building, Australia they use localesucculents because which have a clever system of onlybreathing in CO2 at night so they do not loose water whenthey breathe. Plants and vegetation should be introducedextensively yet carefully on the building façade in the urbanarea. Selection of plants should consider their naturasupporting mechanism and adaptability harsh environmentPlant species when choosing plants on your building youshould chose local ones or ones that are used to growing inhigh places with exposure to the particular façade. It isrecommended to use deciduous or evergreen, shrubs oclimbing plants. At Council House 2 building, Australia theyuse locale succulents because which have a clever system

of only breathing in CO2 at night so they do not loose watewhen they breathe. Plants and vegetation should beintroduced extensively yet carefully on the building façadein the urban area. Selection of plants should consider theirnatural supporting mechanism and adaptability harshenvironment. Orientation of the building Plants andvegetation implemented on the urban façade should belocated accordingly as to receive full sunlight in the highesamount of time possible.

6. CONCLUSION Rapidly growing cities and urbanization attached to humanactivities change the natural environment negatively and


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this accompanied some drawbacks. We now need asustainable solution to protect the environment and theearth even ourselves, against pollution, squandering ofnatural resources and global warming just to mention thefew all this are the result of negative human activities.According to this research is evadable that vertical greenerycan be a sustainable tool remedy due to its capability notonly on environmental benefits but widely spread to

reducing indoor temperature, have many economicbenefits. Green façades can be an alternative tool ofsustainable architecture due to its capability of enriches thebiodiversity of the flora and fauna. According to three casestudies green façade proof to protect interior living spacefrom acoustic pollution, dust particles harsh winds anddirect sunlight and all this has direct or indirect benefits. Onthe other and green facades can be expanse in both shortand long term if key issues are not properly considered indesign and construction phases. They is need for widerresearch on how plants and species can survive on thishigh rise structure which are increasingly gaining moreheights. Why more research because as it steady they isplenty of scientific reasons why skyscrapers don‘t and won‘t

have trees, at least not to the height which, many architectsare currently proposing and other building. It is hot, cold,windy the rain lashes at high velocity same as snow. Life forcity trees can be hard enough at the ground level whatmore miles above it, where nearly every climate variablemore extreme than at street level. While another challengeis for trees to find enough space for their roots onbalconies. Applying vertical greenery systems for differentpurpose particular attention has to be considered such asselection of plants, local climate maintenanceconsideration. The properties of the plant should beexamined or well defined in deferent seasons so as tomaximize the benefits after installation. Orientation is veryimport since it will affect the growth and plant behavior as

well.

AcknowledgmentThe authors wish to thank Eastern MediterraneanUniversity, Department of Architecture for granting theresource needed in writing and compellation of this paperand Assist Professor Dr. Jura for the financial support.

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[3] Chakravarty S, Ghosh S K, Suresh C P, Dey A N,Shukla G, "Deforestation: Causes, Effects andControl Strategies," Global Perspectives onSustainable Forest Management, 2012.

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of vertical greenery systems," Renewable andSustainable Energy Reviews, pp. 450-462, 2014.

[5] McArthur A.J, "Forestry and shelter for livestock,"Forestry and shelter for Livestock, pp. 93-1071991.

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City of Melbourne, "City of Melbourne," 11December 2015. [Online]. Availablehttp://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/CH2/aboutch2/Pages/WindowTreatment.aspx.

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http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/CH2/aboutch2/Pages/WindowTreatment.aspxhttp://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/CH2/aboutch2/Pages/WindowTreatment.aspxhttp://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/CH2/aboutch2/Pages/WindowTreatment.aspxhttp://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/CH2/aboutch2/Pages/WindowTreatment.aspxhttp://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Sustainability/CH2/aboutch2/Pages/WindowTreatment.aspx


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green facade as a prototype way of extending natural sphere in a hyper dense urban context

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