green house design under indian conditions
TRANSCRIPT
Suresh MandharEmeritus Scientist
Agricultural EngineeringEmail [email protected]. +919480637505, 09886385295
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURAL RESEARCHHessarghatta, Bangalore - 560089
1. PLANNING THE GREEN HOUSE
REQUIREMENT
WATER
SOIL
ELECTRICITY
MARKET
WIND BREAKS
AVOID SHADING FROM OTHER GREEN HOUSES
2. TYPE OF GREEN HOUSES
NATURALLY VENTILATED
FAN AND PAD
HEATED
GREEN HOUSE DESIGNSTRUCTURE
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY
MATREIAL OR CONSTRUCTION
G.I. PIPE OR SQUARE SECTIONS
POLES
2” OR 1.5” DIA. B CLASS PIPES AT A
DISTANCE OF 2 TO 2.5 M
TRUSSES
FABRICATED FROM 1.5” G.I.PIPES
PURLINS
1 OR 1.5” G.I. PIPES
CROSS BRAZING - 1.5” TO 2” G.I.
FOUNDATION
POLE HAVING A FOUNDATION OF 60 X 60 X 60 CM OR
30 CM DIA. AND ONE METER DEPTH
1:4:8 CEMENT CONCRETE
GUTTER AND DRAINAGE
ABLE TO DRAIN RAIN WATER
GLAZING 200 MICRON UV STABILISED LDPE SHEET
SILPOLINE SHEET
FIBRE GLASS
GLASS
POLYCARBONATE GLAZING HOLDING
SHEET SHOULD BE TIGHT ON THE STRUCTURE FASTENER - SHOULD NOT TEAR THE GLAZING
3. LOCATION OF GREEN HOUSESIZENATURALLY VENTILATED GREEN HOUSE
SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN 50 M X 50 MSPACING - NOT LESS THAN 6 M
FAN AND PAD GREEN HOUSE LENGTH SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN 100 M
4. COOLING HEAT LOAD - SOLAR RADIATION 1kW/sq.m INSIDE THE GREEN HOUSE - 500 W / sq.m NATURALLY VENTILATED NEEDS 40 % OF THE
FLOOR AREA AS OPENING ON THE SIDES & ROOF
FAN & PAD G.H. VETILATION 2.5 cu.m. / MINUTE/ sq.m floor area
+CORRECTION FOR ALTITUDE, SOLAR RADIATION, TEMPRATURE RISE FROM PAD TO FAN G.H. LENGTH
FAN AND PAD - 12 M X 30 M NEEDS 2 FANS OF 4’ DIA UNDER BANGALORE CONDITIONS
4 FANS OF 4’ DIA UNDER NORTH INDIAN CONDITIONS
DISTANCE BETWEEN FAN AND PAD SHALL NOT BE MORE THAN 30 M UNDER NORTH INDIAN CONDITIONS
FAN AND PAD GREENHOUSE
SUITABLE FOR HOT AND DRY CLIMATES
NOT SUITABLE FOR HUMID AND COASTAL REGIONS
FASTERNER – SHOULD
NOT TEAR THE GLAZING
GLAZING SHOULD BE TIGHT ON THE STRUCTURE
FASTERNERS
SLIDING BENCHES
Wet bulb temperature for given dry bulb temperature and relative humidity
RH (%) Dry bulb temperature 0C
10 20 30 40
20 2.5 9.3 15.7 22.0
40 4.6 12.4 20.1 27.8
60 6.5 15.1 23.8 32.6
80 8.3 17.7 27.1 36.6
MARCH APRIL
15°C--
25°C--
35°C--
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN FPGH DURING SUMMER
WHEN PAD IS ON
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.
AVG. WET BULB TEMP.
AVG. GH TEMP.
September October Nov. Dec. Jan.
22°C--
28°C--
34°C--
AVG. TEMP. IN FPGH DURING WINTER WHEN PAD IS OFF
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.
AVG. GH TEMP.
August September October Nov. Dec. Jan.
AVG. TEMP. IN FPGH DURING CLOUDY DAYS
(WHEN FAN AND PAD WAS ON)
24°C--
30°C-- AVG. GH TEMP.
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.
NATURALLY VENTILATED
MILD CLIMATES (UPTO 32°C)
COASTAL REGIONS
NORTHERN PLAINS OF INDIA DURING WINTER
Fan
GREENHOUSE FOR NORTH INDIAN CONDITIONS
FAN AND PAD - SUMMER
NATURALLY VENTILATED - WINTER
MULTISPAN NATURALLY VENTILATED GREEN HOUSE
0.0054 *Ag*SR * 2 AT = h * (T)1.5
Where AT= Total area for ventilation - m2
Ag= Total floor area of greenhouse - m2
SR= Maximum solar radiations received in area – Wm-2
h = Vertical distance between center of side ventilation opening and ridge ventilation opening in m
T = Difference between temperature inside greenhouse and the ambient temperature
1,00,000 LUX = 900 Wm-2
AREA FOR VENTILATION
AVG. GH TEMP
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.21°C--
27°C--
33°C--
AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOVEM. DECEM. JAN
AVG. DAILY TEMP. IN NVGH DURING WINTER
FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL
27°C--
32°C--
37°C--
AVG. DAILY TEMP. IN NVGH DURING SUMMER
AVG. GH TEMP.
AVG. AMBIENT TEMP.
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temp NVGH Temp FPGH Temp Ambient RH NVGH RH FPGH RH
J A S O N D J F M A M J
Tem
pera
ture
(0 C
)
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity (%
)
TEMP. AND RH IN GREENHOUSES AT 10 A.M
NVGH Temp
FPGH Temp
Ambient Temp
FPGH RH
Ambient RH
NVGH RH10 A.M
20°-
30°-
40°-
-20%
-50%
-80%RH
RH
TEMP.
°C
Jul Jan Jun
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Ambient Temp NV GH Temp FP GH Temp Ambient RH NV GH RH FP GH RH
Tem
pera
ture
(0 C
)
Rel
ative
Hum
idty
(%)
J A S O N D J F M A M
TEMP. AND RH IN GREENHOUSES AT 1 P.M
FPGH RH
NVGH RHAmbient RH
FPGH Temp
NVGH Temp
Ambient Temp
1 P.M40°-
30°-
40°-
20°-
-50%
-20%
-80%
°C RHRH
TEMP.
Jul Jan Jun
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Ambient Temp NV G.H Temp FP G.H Temp Ambient RH NV G.H RH FP G.H RH
Tem
pera
ture
(0 C)
Rel
ativ
e H
umid
ity (%
)
J A S O N D J F M A M J
TEMP. AND RH IN GREENHOUSES AT 4 P.M
NVGH Temp
FPGH RH
NVGH RH
Ambient RH
FPGH Temp
Ambient Temp
4 P.M
20°-
30°-
40°-
°C
-20%
-50%
-80%
RHRH
TEMP.
Jul Jan Jun
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
10 a.m - GH-1
4 p.m - GH-11 p.m - GH- 1
10 a.m - AMBIENT
1 p.m - AMBIENT
4 p.m - AMBIENT
SO
LAR
RA
DIA
TIO
N
LU
X X
10
0
NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH
SOLAR RADIATION IN GREENHOUSE WITH INTERNAL SHADING AND 40 MESH
NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR.
200
400
600
800
1000
SOLAR RADIATION
INTERNAL SHADE – 40 MESH
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
10 a.m - GH- 21 p.m - GH-2
1 p.m GH- 2
10 a.m - AMBIENT
4 p.m AMBIENT
1 p.m AMBIENT
SOLA
R R
ADIA
TIO
N L
UX
X 10
0
NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH
SOLAR RADIATION IN GREENHOUSE WITH INTERNAL SHADING AND 60 MESH
NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR.
200
400
600
800
1000
SOLAR RADIATION
INTERNAL SHADE – 60 MESH
NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB. MAR.
200
400
600
800
1000
SOLAR RADIATION
EXTERNAL SHADE – 40 MESH
COMPUTERIZATION
CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE
Number of operating fans as per ambient / GH temperature
FERTIGATION
Interval and quantity of irrigation water
Quantity of fertilizer in irrigation water
SAFETY OF GREEN HOUSE
During storm close all the openings and switch on all the fans