green infrastructure: nature based solutions for ...green infrastructure ess mapping –spatial...

Assessing and mapping ecosystem services generated by urban GINadja Kabisch, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin

April 04, 2017, Orvieto, SESSION 11

Green Infrastructure: Nature Based Solutions for Sustainable and Resilient Cities – 4‐7 April 2017, Orvieto, Italy

Green Infrastructure – What is it?

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Green Infrastructure (GI) is an interconnected network ofgreen space “that supports native species, maintains natural ecological processes, sustains air and water resources and contributes to the health and quality of life” (Benedict and McMahon, 2006:281).

GI comprises a number of environmental features.

Green Infrastructure – features: Typology and Inventory in GREEN SURGE

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Green Infrastructure – Mapping and Assessing

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GI as a concept is already included in practice of spatial planning in urban areas

Principles for UGI planning: Multifunctionality, connectivity, multi‐level, social inclusiveness and adoption of a communicative approach (Pauleit et al., 2011; Hansen & Pauleit, 2014).

GI concept refers to different spatial scales (European, national, local)

Assessed with a multi‐method approach using multiple data: different data sources, different methods (GIS, statistics)

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Green Infrastructure – Mapping and Assessing: spatial scales, data and methods

Germany

Leipzig - Urban Agglomeration

Leipzig - districts

Europe

Leipzig – stat. districts

HC 7 HC 3

HC 4

HC 5.2

Leipzig – Grünau - Block

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Green Infrastructure – Mapping and Assessing: spatial scales

Global: UN World urbanization prospects

Europe: Eurostat, Urban AuditEurope: Urban Atlas EEA, CORINE EEA

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Green Infrastructure – Mapping and Assessing: data

National databases

City: kommunal databases

City: Survey

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Participatory GIS

Green Infrastructure – Mapping and Assessing: data

Measurementssensor-based

• Bi‐ und multivariate statistics: Descriptive, Regression, Correlation, Cluster (SPSS; Statistica; R)• Geographical Information Systems (GIS): Land use, land cover (change), visualization• Indicator development• Qualitative: Focus groups, Scenario development workshops, Expert interviews

Kabisch und Haase (2014). Land. Kabisch (2015). Land Use Policy.

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Statistics GIS Indicators Scenario workshops

Green Infrastructure – Mapping and Assessing: methods

Kabisch et al. (2016). IJERPH. Raymond et al. 2017

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Green Infrastructure – Mapping and Assessing: Results from GREEN SURGE and URBES

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Ecosystem Services and Nature‐based Solutions mapping – and assessing

European city level

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Green Infrastructure – spatial scales – European scale

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Kabisch, N., Haase, D. (2013) Green spaces of European cities revisited for 1990-2006. Landscape and Urban Planning, 110, 113-122.

18.4.2017 ∙

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

residentialarea

urban greenspaces

population households

mea

nva

lue

ofan

nual

chan

ge(%

)

1990-20002000-2006

All cities

-1.00

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

residentialarea

urban greenspaces

population householdsan

nual

cha

nge

(%)

1990-2000 2000-2006

Shrinking cities



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Green Infrastructure – spatial scales – European‐regional scale

-2.00

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

UA UGS POP HH

annu

al c

hang

e ra

te (%

)

1990-2000

2000-2006

-2.00

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

UA UGS POP HH

annu

al c

hang

e ra

te (%

)

1990-2000

2000-2006

Western Europe

Southern Europe

Eastern Europe

-2.00

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

UA UGS POP HH

annu

al c

hang

e ra

te (%

)

1990-20002000-2006


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Green Infrastructure ESS mapping – spatial scales – European scale

Kabisch, N., Strohbach, M., Haase, D., Kronenberg, J. (2016) Urban Green Space Availability in European cities. Ecological Indicators. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.02.029

Data: Urban Atlas (EEA2010)GISCO: Pop 2011

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City level

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Green Infrastructure ESS mapping – spatial scales – city scale

Urban Atlas data 2006 (EEA 2010): Urban Agglomeration/City Berlin

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Urban Atlas 2006

Land without current use

Green urban areas

Sports and leisure facilities

Agricultural Areas

Forests and semi-natural areas

Water

5 02,5 km

1:200,000

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Forests Green urbanareas

Landwithout

current use

Sports andleisurefacilities

Waterbodies

Area

(ha)

2006 2012

Urban Atlas 2012

‐25.00

‐20.00

‐15.00

‐10.00

‐5.00

0.00

5.00

10.00

Forests Greenurbanareas

Landwithout

current use

Sports andleisurefacilities

Waterbodies

Change area (%)


Land cover change based on Urban Atlas land cover data Malmö (EEA 2010)

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Regulating ESS performance based on Urban Atlas land cover data Berlin (EEA 2010)

Kabisch, N., Larondelle, N., Reeve, A., Artmann, M. (2014) Human-Environmental Interactions in Cities: Challenges and Opportunities of Urban Land Use Planning and Green Infrastructure. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle Upon Tyne.

Urban green space accessibility GREEN SURGE Berlin

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1.SelectUGScategories≥2ha

2.Bufferallselectedareaswithin300‐mand500‐mdistance. 3.Intersectbufferwith

1km²gridfilewithincityborderandcalculateareaofUGSwithinbufferforeachgridcell.

4.Finalmap:cellswithUGSof2‐haminimum(m²/inh.)availablewithina300‐manda500‐mdistance.

0 105 km

1:500,000



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Berlin

Population number with access to green

City border

0 105 km

1:400,000

no access

less than 1000

1000 -< 2000

2000 -< 4000

4000 -< 6000

6000 and more

Urban green spaces and forest areas

Urban green space accessibility GREEN SURGE Berlin



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MalmöLodz Bari

Berlin Ljubljana

Edinburgh

Population number with access to green

City border

0 105 km

1:400,000

no access

less than 1000

1000 -< 2000

2000 -< 4000

4000 -< 6000

6000 and more

Urban green spaces and forest areas

Urban green space accessibility GREEN SURGE Urban Learning Labs



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City district level

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• publicly available spatial data on an aggregated level of the 60 sub‐districts

• landuse variables as natural area indicator(green and blue spaces)

• socio‐deomographic data

• health outcome and social variables of children and their families

Natural area

Green Infrastructure ESS mapping – spatial scales – city scale/district

Kabisch, N., Haase, D., Annerstedt van den Bosch, M. (2016) Adding Natural areas to Social Indicators of Intra‐Urban Health Inequalities among Children: A Case Study from Berlin, Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 783; doi:10.3390/ijerph13080783

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Urban green space availability – a socio‐environmental justice perspectiveless than 6

6-<15

15-<25

25-<35

35 and more

less than 2500

2500-<5000

5000-<7500

7500-<14500

14500 and more

less than 4

4-<8

8-<14

14-<23

23 and more

less than 10

10-<15

15-<20

20-<25

25 and more

per capita UGS (m²/inh.) population density(inh./sqkm)

percentage of immigrants(%)

percentage of people ≥65 years of age (%)

0 94.5 km

1:500,000

Kabisch, N., Haase, D. (2014) Green Justice or just Green? Urban Green Space Provision in the City of Berlin. Landscape and Urban Planning 122, 129-139.

18.4.2017 ∙


Urban green space availability – a socio‐environmental justice perspective

Cluster 1Cluster 2Cluster 3sub‐district border

Kabisch, N., Haase, D. (2014) Green Justice or just Green? Urban Green Space Provision in the City of Berlin. Landscape and Urban Planning 122, 129-139.

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Urban green space availability and health and well‐being

Kabisch, N., Haase, D., Annerstedt van den Bosch, M. (2016) Adding Natural areas to Social Indicators of Intra‐Urban Health Inequalities among Children: A Case Study from Berlin, Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 783; doi:10.3390/ijerph13080783

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Site and block level

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Green Infrastructure ESS mapping – spatial scales – site level

Breuste, J., Haase, D., & Elmqvist, T. (2013). Urban Landscapes and Ecosystem Services. In S. Wratten, H. Sandhu, R. Cullen, & R. Costanza (Eds.), Ecosystem Services in Agricultural and Urban Landscapes (pp. 83–104). Wiley.

Green Infrastructure Functionality – Mean temperature lowering potential of the tree shade

Example of Leipzig

Temperature difference of shaded and non‐shaded plots (authors’ data collected in summer (August), max. 36°C air temperature)

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Conclusion

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Kabisch et al. (2017, in production)ISBN 978-3-319-56091-5


Raymond et al. (2017)ISBN 978-1-906698-62-1

Burkhard and Maes (2017)ISBN 9789546428295

AuthorsMarco Fritz Nadja Kabisch, Jutta Stadler, Horst Korn, Aletta Bonn Tobias Emilsson, Åsa Ode Sang Stephan Pauleit, Teresa Zölch, Rieke Hansen, Thomas B. Randrup, Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch Erik Andersson , Sara Borgström, Timon McPhearsonNiki Frantzeskaki, Sara Borgstrom, Leen Gorissen, Markus Egermann, Franziska EhnertYaella Depietri, Timon McPhearsonDagmar HaaseMcKenna Davis, Sandra NaumannFrancesc Baró, Erik Gómez‐BaggethunVera Enzi, Blanche Cameron, Péter Dezsényi, Dusty Gedge, Gunter Mann, Ulrike PithaMatthias Braubach , Andrey Egorov, Pierpaolo Mudu , Tanja Wolf, Catherine Ward Thompson, Dorota Jarosinska, Marco MartuzziNadja Kabisch, Matilda Annerstedt van den Bosch

Annegret HaaseInes Cabral, Sandra Costa, Ulrike Weiland, Aletta BonnChristine Wamsler, Stephan Pauleit, Teresa Zölch, Sophie Schetke, André MascarenhasChantal van Ham, Helen KlimmekJakub Kronenberg, Tomasz Bergier, Karolina MaliszewskaNils Droste, Christoph Schröter‐Schlaack, Bernd Hansjürgens, Horst Zimmermann

Nadja Kabisch, Horst Korn, Jutta Stadler, Aletta Bonn

Thank you for the attention!

[email protected]‐berlin.de

Frantzeskaki, N., Kabisch, N., McPhearson, T. (2016) Advancing urban environmental governance: Understanding theories, practicesand processes shaping urban sustainability and resilience. Environmental Science and Policy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.05.008

Kabisch, N., Frantzeskaki, N., Pauleit, S., Naumann, S., Davis, M., Artmann, M., Haase, D., Knapp, S., Korn, H., Stadler, J., Zaunberger, K., Bonn, A. (2016) Nature‐based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas ‐ perspectives on indicators, knowledge gaps, barriers and opportunities for action. Ecology and Society 21(2):39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES‐08373‐210239

Kabisch, N., Haase, D., Annerstedt, M. (2016) Adding Natural Spaces to Social Indicators of Intra‐Urban Health Inequalities among Children: A Case Study from Berlin, Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.


Kabisch, N., Haase, D. (2014) Green Justice or just Green? Urban Green Space Provision in the City of Berlin. Landscape and Urban Planning 122, 129‐139.

Kabisch, N., Qureshi, S., Haase, D. (2015) A quantitative review of human‐environment interactions in urban green spaces –contemporary issues and future prospects. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 50, 25‐34, 10.1016/j.eiar.2014.08.007.

Kabisch, N., Haase, D. (2013) Green spaces of European cities revisited for 1990‐2006. Landscape and Urban Planning, 110, 113‐122.

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green infrastructure: nature based solutions for ...green infrastructure ess mapping –spatial...

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