green radio access networks - inria.fr · green radio access networks . journée d'étude...

Green Radio Access Networks Journée d'étude INRIA Grenoble 8 Mars 2012

Azeddine GATI (orange Labs)

2 Orange group restricted

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The Network Energy Gap

Mobile Data Internet Backbone

Mobile efficiency

Wireline efficiency

Growing Gap!

Traffic

Kilper, et. al., IEEE JSTQE 2011

bits/watt

bits

Traffic growth is much higher than energy efficiency growth


current challenges

for ICT

EU triple 20 by 2020

Sustainable development

Green ICT

Why green ?

New networks are being deployed and legacy are being renewed

to bear traffic exponential increase

to be traffic-ready (sustainable) for the next generation

Corporate social responsibility

Understand the main social indicators that make our networks and systems acceptable and sustainable : bring well-being to our customers

EU recommendations (triple 20 by 2020)

Corporate commitment

Promote Green as a service (ICT for green)

allow our customers to reduce their own footprint

green services (green computing, smart metering and M2M applications)

Green drives innovation (revisiting fundamentals, cellular deployment, smart networks)


energy consumption global picture

From/to "internet"


Transport

Mobile

Data center

POTS

DSL Access

Energy consumption of networks : trends

Data issued from a PhD study (L. Souchon) based on 2006 FT data collection

2006-2020 !

POTS: plain old telephony services

In mobile networks, the RAN is 80% of the total consumption Routing should be equivalent to access in the next years

Energy growth is exponential except for fixed access

CORE


Proliferation of Devices, Services, Platforms

Access Energy > 10 W/user

Metro/Edge Energy ~ 1 W/user

Core Energy ~ 0.1 W/user

© 2011 GreenTouch Consortium

Mobile

Fiber to the Node

Remote

Fiber to the home

Central Office

today, energy Use is Largest at Endpoints: Access

Présentateur

Commentaires de présentation

Deployment Scenarios P2P over Cu Rates up to 12/1 Mbps @ 1.5 km �(4 Mbps@ 4-5 km) 12 W/user (ADSL2 incl. gateway) 6.3 W/user (ADSL2 only) FTTX Rate up to 24/3.5 Mbps �(VDSL2/17a, 1.5 km) Triple Play rate upto 100 Mbps (VDSL2/30a, 300 m) 15.2 W/user (VDSL2 incl. gateway) 9.3 W/user (VDSL2 only) FTTH Rate up to 78/39 Mbps average �(2.5/1.25 Gbit/s peak) 20 km (11.2+ 5) W/user �(GPON incl. gateway + CATV overlay) (5.5 + 5) W/user (GPON only + CATV) References: CO numbers from presentation (comparison ALU/Huawei) Chuck Story, October 2008 CPE numbers VDSL and GPON: proportions from presentation Thomas Kallstenius – GPON ONU confirmed in FSAN working document (10 W with CATV, 6 W without CATV) CATV on PON in CO is dominated by last EDFA stage - example Verizon - Cisco (Scientific Atlanta) (input provided by Alain Granger, FTTU Raleigh, July 2009) It includes an EDFA "post amp" with 8 ports of 18.9 dBm followed with an EDFA "PON amp" with up to 18 ports (18.1 dBm) or 24 ports (18.9 dBm) This association allows to have a very low RIN. Therefore, the max FAN out is up to 324 ports or 432 ports in these examples. Scalability to lower number of ports port consists in not using all ports as required by the fan out needs and also consistent with the number of ports of OLTs with US or ETSI chassis. In this fan out system power consumption is 30 W per EDFA. For 430 ports the power comsumption will be 60/430 0.13 W per port and 0.18 W per port for 324 ports. However the EDFAs are powered with a power supply with an efficiency of 0.7. Therefore you would need to add a correction to the Watt figures. PtP GE feeder to remote with 48 VDSL drops: 2x 4.5W/48 = 0.19 W/user – 4.5 W per GE is taken CoC for GigE uplink Updates by Koen Hooghe ADSL CO: 1.3 W/port (confirmed with ALU measurements) VDSL2 remote port: 1.8 Watt for profile 17a (confirmed with ALU measurements) Updated figure on NPC Updated numbers for CPE and RGW. Line up with numbers from CoC (upperbound of typical configurations) all have equal functions ADSL2+ Home Gateway with 4 Fast Ethernet ports, WiFi (11b/g) and voice FXS: 5 + 2.2 + 2 + 1.5 = 10.7 Watt VDSL2 Home Gateway with 4 FE ports, WiFi (11B/g) and voice FXS : 7.5 + 2.2 + 2 + 1.5 = 13.2 Watt GPON Home Gateway with 4 FE ports, WiFi (11B/g) and voice FXS : 9.7 + 2.2 + 2 + 1.5 = 15.4 Watt CO2 emissions, part of ICT will grow to 2.7 % by 2020.


Enablers : How to make it green?

Standardization

Lyfe cycle analysis Tech-eco studies


Focus : Energy consumption of mobile networks' components

Macro BTS is 80% of mobile consumption (access + backhaul)

PA is 70% of Macro-BTS consumption

80-90 % of a macro-BTS is constant – Traffic has low influence

Backup system

Dieselgenerator Battery

Backup system

Dieselgenerator Battery

Air conditioningCooling

Rectifier

Site support system

Mains(230V)

Transport

Digitalsignal

processing

AnalogTRX

PA

-48V

RF out

BTS

~20-35% of total site consumption

~60-70% of RBS consumption


1 Sleep mode mechanisms

very low traffic demand during the night

can shut down a whole system or some resources

sleep mode mechanism shall be adapted to avoid “ping pong” rebound effect

9

energy saving

Traffic demand

IEEE S. El-ayoubi, P. Zimmerman Orange Labs


Without Sleep Mode With Sleep Mode

QoS , coverage,

Access probability

Sleep-mode – simulation system

Energy consumption integrated in software – per cell or global – use of Base Station energy consumption models

Sleep mode simulations – can shut down a whole system or some resources

Compare sleep mode implementations: – dynamic or static sleep modes

S. El-ayoubi, P. Zimmerman Orange Labs


Antenna suppliers

95 2005 2015

Improve link budget and reducing site footprint and visual impact

Trend for macro BS with a shift of RF from the cabinet to the antenna!!


RRH

BBU hostelling

Cloud RAN

RAN evolution -

Mutualization (less power losses in cooling) cf conference on Networks architecture evolution

BBU: Base band unit (digital processing) RRH: Remote radio head (RF)


Hardware supplier

Power amplifiers

large bandwidth systems need drastic hardware improvement mutualization improve energy consumption


Hardware efficiency

March 2011

-Polar transmitter: 920-960MHz

-Broadcast power amplifier with envelop tracking: 470-860MHz

Advanced Doherty

Class AB

Polar transmitter

Celtic- OperaNET project


trends in mobile Access

moving from « allways on « to allways available

Large scale antennas – reducing cost – Model large-scale-antennas systems – new concepts for signal processing hardware

Green transmission – Extension to multi-cell networks – Extension to heterogeneous or Multi-RAT systems – Extension to cooperative scenarios

Beyond cellular networks – separate signaling and capacity cells – Activation on demand – Advanced context information


Hybrid PV roof shelter integrating BTS, batteries, diesel and optimised air conditioning (very cold climate in winter, hot in summer)

Wind turbine solutions

New sources (Striling, Ericson, Fuel Cells…)

New storage solutions (New battery technology, buried batteries…)

Global optimisation (sizing, sources, storage…)

Emerging countries : “Truly low cost” rural site engineering solutions

Guinea


conclusion

many innovations driven by green technologies

need for a global view to avoid green washing and to identify enablers

green is an opportunity towards a sustainable digital world

– balance opex (energy) and capex (renewal)

On construit beaucoup de routes et pas assez de pont I. Newton


Embodied energy: materials

Courtesy from Grace Grothaus

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