green tech 2016 - green-marine - green marinepyrolysis process pyrolysis is the thermal...

CREATIVITY AND EXPERTISE

to develop solutions for the marine industry

Green Tech 2016Marine fuels from forest biomass

© Innovation maritime

Marine fuels are specified according to ISO 8217:2012

• Heavy fuel oil (RM_)

• Marine diesel oil (DM_)

Marine fuels


• MDO/HFO

• Bio-MDO

• Bio-HFO

• LNG

• Bio-LNG (biogas)

• Methanol

• Hydrogen

Future marine fuels?


Future marine fuels?

Source: LR Global Marine Fuel Trends 2030


In general:

• Lower energy density

• Larger quantity required

• Compatible with marine engines

• Limited number of trials

• Integration manageable

Biofuels


• Agriculture

• Forest

• Algae/Fish

• Animal fat

• Waste oil

• Sugars

• Methane

Biofuels feedstock


Forest Biomass

Trees or parts of trees without commercial

value

Biomass Petroleum fuels

State Solids Liquid/gas

CompositionCarbohydrates, Aromatic,

Protein, MineralsHydrocarbons

Energy contentLow

(10–20MJ/kg)

High

(Diesel: 42MJ/kg)

Water content High Very low

Carbon content 45% 90%

Oxygen content High (10–50%) Very low (< 1%)

Source: SEREX


Pyrolysis Gasification Combustion

Forest Biomass

Syngas

+ tar + H2O + ash

H2O + CO2

+ ash

GasBio-oilBiochar

+ ash

Slow Pyrolysis Fast Pyrolysis

First transformation

products

Fischer Tropsch

Comb

Chemical and Energy

applications Biofuels Bio-Energy

Source: SEREX


Refining forest biomass

Refining steps:

• Pyrolysis processIndustrial producer in Canada: Ensyn Technologies

Product: Bio-oil

• Catalytic depolymerization process Industrial producer in Canada: Cellufuel

Product: Biodiesel


Canadian biofuel* producers

Ensyn Technologies (Ontario)

Cellufuel (Nova Scotia)

Nexterra Energy Corp. (British Columbia)

*Forest biomass based


Potential for the marine industry

Biofuels use aboard ships

• Direct: as blends/emulsions

• Indirect: as crude oil for the refineries


Actual research project

Evaluate the potential of fast pyrolysis bio-oil as an

alternative marine fuel

Project partners:

→ SEREX

→ Innovation maritime

→ Ocean Group


Pyrolysis oils

Untreated bio-oil is a dark brown, free-flowing liquid with

15-25% water that cannot be easily separated. It is a

complex mixture of oxygenated compounds that is unstable

in long-term storage and is not miscible with any

conventional hydrocarbon-based fuel.


Pyrolysis oils

“Pyrolysis offers the possibility of decoupling (time, place

and scale), easy handling of the liquids and a more

consistent quality compared to any solid biomass. With fast

pyrolysis a clean liquid is produced as an intermediate

suitable for a wide variety of applications.”

Source: BTG


Pyrolysis process

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic material

at elevated temperatures, in the absence of gases such as

air or oxygen.

Biomass

400 –

1000 °

C

Condensable gases (bio-oils)

Non-condensable gases (syngas)

Solids (bio-char)Production vary upon :

– Feed stock

– Process temperature

– Heating rate

– Time

Source: SEREX


Pyrolysis oil specifications

Properties Bio-oil* Wood HFO

Humidity % mass 15-30 20-40 0.5

Acidity pH 2.5 4.0-5.5 -

Density (15°C) t/m3 1.2 0.35-0.5 0.92-0.99

Viscosity (50°C) cSt 13 - 180-380

Carbon content % mass 55-58 49-51 86

Hydrogen content % mass 5.5-7.0 5.8-6.2 12

Oxygen content % mass 35-40 42-51 -

Sulphur content % mass 0 0

Ash content % mass 0-0.2 0.5-1.5 0.04-0.15

Calorific Value MJ/kg 16-19 13-15 40-41

Flash point (min) °C 66 - 60

MDO

0.3

-

0.89

1.4-6

86

12

-

-

42-43

60

* Pyrolysis liquid biofuel has to conform ASTM D7544-09

Refer to local legislation


Pyrolysis oil specifications (project)

Properties BM 450 10% Emulsion MDO

Water content % mass 34 6.4 0.3

Acidity pH 2.28 n.a. -

Density (15°C) t/m3 1.114 n.a. 0.89

Viscosity (40°C) cSt 7.5 n.a. 1.4-6

Total sediment % mass 0.14 0.05 0.1

Sulphur content % mass 0 n.a.

Ash content % mass 0.02 n.a. 0.01

Calorific Value MJ/kg 13 41 42-43

Flash point (min) °C 47 45 60

Refer to local legislation


Pyrolysis oil

Pros Cons

Economical process Acidic

Use of waste Lower calorific value

Feedstock is available in

Canada at low cost

Needs to be emulsified

GHG reduction potential Limited shelf life

Increasing energy density

and ease of transport


Pyrolysis – An economical process

First step of biomass transformation process


Pyrolysis – Economical process

• First step of biomass transformation

• Densify the energy content vs biomass

• Nearly self-sufficient, energy-wise

• Works with all types of biomass


Pyrolysis – Use of waste

Most of the biomass can be considered as a

waste product of the forestry industry.

First natural use of this waste is heat and

power generation by the forest products

plants.


Pyrolysis – Available feedstock

Forest biomass is :

• Available

• Underused

• Renewable

• Affordable


Pyrolysis – GHG reduction

Forest biomass is considered as a carbon-

neutral source of energy.

Reducing green house gases emissions when it

replaces traditional fuels.


Pyrolysis – Acidic

Pyrolysis oils contain acetic acid, formic acid,

propionic acid and a small amount of furfural.

Resultant low pH is problematic for diesel

engines fuel systems, especially injection parts.


Pyrolysis – Lower calorific value

The calorific value of this biofuel is typically

40-45% of the diesel calorific value.


Pyrolysis – Needs to be emulsified

In order to minimize problems associated with

this biofuel (acidity, water content, low

calorific value), it needs to be emulsified with

regular diesel to be used in diesel engines.

Emulsifying agent is required to maintain

stability.


Pyrolysis – Limited shelf life

As it degrades over time, the pyrolysis oil has

a limited shelf life. (viscosity↑, deposits ↑)

It needs to be consumed within a few months

to avoid deposit formation and viscosity

increase.


Project follow-up

• Operational constraints and efficiency

needs to be demonstrated with a test bed

engine and onboard a vessel.

• Production of bio-oil needs to be done at

an industrial level. (ex. Arbec-Ensyn plant)

• Refinery could integrate bio-oils into their

crude feed.


Thank you !

Aurem Langevin, ing.

Project Leader

[email protected]

Innovation maritime

418 725-3525, ext. 4624

mailto:[email protected]

green tech 2016 - green-marine - green marinepyrolysis process pyrolysis is the thermal...

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