grid codes in europe for low and medium voltage · grid codes in europe for low and medium voltage...

Grid Codes in Europe

for Low and Medium Voltage

Roland Bründlinger

AIT Austrian Institute of Technology

6th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed

Energy Resources

Kyoto November 18, 2014

Contents

Overview of current Grid Codes and

requirements for DER in Europe

Advanced functional requirements for DER in

European codes and the ENTSO-E RfG

network code

Summary & recommendations

2 2

Contents



Advanced functional requirements for DER in

European codes and the ENTSO-E RfG

network code


3 3

Framework for DER interconnection in Europe

Country specific grid codes and standards

As of 2014 there is still no formal EU wide directive on DER grid interconnection

Country specific grid codes, standards, guidelines, laws

Different legal and administrative levels

Fundamental differences between the countries

Issues for manufacturers and project developers

Specific product settings for each country/market

Interpretation of the requirements and application in practice

Complex and time consuming certification schemes

Increased costs and reduced competiveness

Critical issues for power system operation

Lack of coordination and compatibility

Risk of losing system security during critical events due to undefined behaviour of DER (50.2 Hz issue)

4 11/25/2014

Development of requirements for advanced grid support

DER connected to MV distribution grids

5 11/25/2014

2008: DE

P/Q, P(f), remote

P, LVRT, FRR… 2008: FR

P/Q, LVRT

>5MW 2009/13: AT

P/Q, P(f),

LVRT…

2011/13: IT

P/Q, P(f), Q(U),

remote P L/HVRT…

2010/14: ES

P/Q, P(f),

LVRT

>2/10MW

2007/13: DK

P/Q, P(f),

LVRT…

Development of requirements for advanced grid support

DER connected to LV distribution grids

6 11/25/2014

2011/12: DE

P/Q, P(f), remote P,

…

2013: FR

Var. over-f trip

2013: AT

P/Q, P(f),…

2012: IT

P/Q, P(f), Q(U),

remote P, LVRT…

2012/14: DK

P/Q, P(f), …

Country

Europe

(≤16 A)

Germany Italy Austria France Spain Europe

(≤16 A)

Europe

(>16 A)

Function 2007 2011 2012 2013 2013 11/14 2013 2014

P at low f No Yes (all) Yes (all) Yes No No Yes Yes

P(f) No Yes (all) Yes (all) Yes Yes* No Yes Yes

Q/cosφ No >3.68kVA >3 kVA >3.68kVA No No Yes Yes

Q(U) No No >6 kVA optional No No Yes Yes

Remote P No >100kW >3 kVA >100kW No No No Yes

Rem. trip No No Yes No No No No Yes

LVRT No No >6 kVA No No No No Yes

HVRT No N/A No No No No No Yes

Reference EN 50438

2007

VDE AR N

4105:

2011

CEI 0-

21:2012

TOR

D4:2013

* ERDF-

NOI-

RES_13E

Version 5 -

30/06/2013

RD

1699/2011

206007-1

IN:2013

EN 50438

2013

FprTS

50549-

1:2014

DRAFT!

8 11/25/2014

Selected European Country Requirements

LV Connection

Country Germany Italy Austria France Spain Europe ENTSO-E

Function 2008 2012 2013 2013 2010 2014 2013

P at low f yes yes yes >5MW No yes Yes ABCD

P(f) yes yes yes No >2/10MW yes Yes ABCD

Q/cosφ yes yes yes Yes >2/10MW yes Yes BCD

Q(U) optional yes optional No No yes yes BCD

Remote P >100kW yes >100kW No >2/10MW yes yes BCD

Rem. trip optional yes No No No yes yes ABCD

LVRT Yes yes Yes >5MW >2MW yes yes BCD

HVRT No yes No No No yes No

BDEW MV

Guideline

(2008)

CEI 0-

16:2012

TOR

D4:2013

Arrêté du

23 avril

2008

P.O.12.3:20

06

P.O.12.2:

RD1565:20

10

UNE

206007-2

IN:2014

FprTS

50549-2

Final

Version RfG

2013

9 25.11.2014

Selected European Country Requirements

MV Connection

European wide Standards and Technical Specifications

The EN 50438:2013 for “Micro Generators” ≤16 A

1st edition published in 2007 had no real impact

due to overruling national codes

Protection requirements

Power Quality specifications

Normative Annex with National Deviations for

a large number of European countries

Fundamentally revised edition published in

December 2013

Advanced grid support functions: P(f), Q, etc.

Based on German and Italian requirements

and principles of upcoming ENTSO-E RfG

Time period for implementation: 2016

National deviations remain however

10 11/25/2014

European wide Standards and Technical Specifications

Upcoming FprTS 50549-1/2

For LV/MV connections >16 A

Comprehensive definition of advanced

functions for generators (including

static converters and rotating

generators)

Based on the principles of the ENTSO-

E RfG network code

Technical Specification

provide technical guidance for the

connection of generating plants which

can be operated in parallel with a

public distribution network.

technical reference in connection

agreements between DNOs and

electricity producers.

11 11/25/2014

Contents



Advanced functional requirements for DER

in European codes and the ENTSO-E RfG

network code


12 12

Advanced grid support features of DER

Requirements in European codes

• On demand, schedule or characteristics

• cos(phi) = f(P)

• cos(phi) = f(U) (optional) Voltage support

• Reduction of active power at over frequency

• Active power feed-in at under frequency Frequency support

• Temporary limitation of active power output at congestion in the grid

• Controlled on demand by grid operator Grid management

• LVRT (Low Voltage Ride Through)

• Contribution to short-circuit current

Dynamic grid support


Reactive power requirements

15 25.11.2014

FprTS 50549-1:2014 Requirements for the connection of generators above 16 A per phase

Connection to LV grids


Reactive power: Operational requirements

Page 16

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Reactive power control modes

Autonomous reactive power control modes

Q / cos = constant

Q / cos = f(U)

Q / cos = f(P)

Q priority

Coordinated control (with communication)

cos = remote setpoint

Selection criteria

Characteristics of the electric grid (impedance, angle...)

Grid losses

Available control and communications infrastructure

Page 17


Reactive power control strategies: Q(U)

Page 18

Example characteristics for Q respectively cosφ control

mode according to CLC/FprTS 50549-1:2014 for

Connection to the LV distribution system




• cos(phi) = f(P)










Active power control/frequency control: Standard functions

Reduction of active power at over-frequency

Limited Frequency Sensitive Mode – Overfrequency (LFSM-O)

Source: ENTSO-E RfG 2013


Additional requirements for frequency support

Behaviour at under-frequency

Some national codes (e.g. DE, IT, AT…)

already require continued operation down to

underfrequency limit (typ. 47.5 Hz)

ENTSO-E RfG will provide extensive

requirements for all generator types

Operating ranges (Hz/time)

Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF)

immunity

FprTS 50549-1/2 also specifies Rate Of Change

Of Frequency (ROCOF) immunity requirement

>2.5 Hz/s

21 11/25/2014




• cos(phi) = f(P)



• Active power feed-in at under frequency

Active power control







Grid management

Possibility for DSO to send setpoint values to generators

Reduce the active power output or change the cos(phi).

Guarantee grid stability in case of emergency situations or congestion

~

=

DSO

Control Centre

Control signals

(e.g. Power Limitation)

Grid State

Distribution Grid

TSO

Control Centre

Transmission Grid

Demand for

power limitation




• cos(phi) = f(P)







• HVRT (High Voltage Ride Through)




Dynamic grid support: Low/High Voltage Ride Through

Page 25

Requirement 1 (LV+MV): Remain connected to grid

• FprTS 50549-1/2 HVRT requirements

• up to 120 % Un for 100 ms and

• up to 115 % Un for up to 1 s.

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gri

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Dynamic grid support: Low/High Voltage Ride Through

Requirement 2 (MV only): Provide reactive current

Page 26

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Contents



Advanced functional requirements for DER

in European codes and the ENTSO-E RfG

network code


27 27

Advanced Grid Codes provide the base for

safe and reliable grid integration of high shares of DER

► Using their advanced functionalities DER can be very powerful tools in

managing the grids for reliability and efficiency by providing

Steady state and dynamic voltage support

Frequency control capabilities

On-demand response via remote control and communication

► Coordinated requirements needed for safe and reliable grid integration of high

shares of DER

► Harmonisation of European national grid codes in-line with ENTSO-E RfG

► Led by CENELEC, standardised procedures for DER certification and

testing currently under development.

► Providing access to these capabilities will be the key to improve system

reliability and efficiency and enable further deployment of DER.

28

29

Thank you!

Questions are welcome:

Roland Bründlinger

AIT Austrian Institute of Technology

Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Wien, Austria

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

grid codes in europe for low and medium voltage · grid codes in europe for low and medium voltage...

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