grid software solutions smart grids
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Imagination at work
Grid Software SolutionsSmart GridsPatricia GómezMay 5th, 2016
Grid SolutionsGrid Solutions, a GE and Alstom joint venture, is serving customers globally with over
20,000 employees in 80 countries. Grid Solutions equips 90% of power utilities worldwide to bring power reliably and efficiently from the point of generation to
end power consumers.Enabling renewables
and a diversified energy mix
Improving grid resiliency and energy
efficiency
Helping to meet growing energy
demands
Upgrading and digitizing aging infrastructure
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combined experience in providing advanced energy solutions
Over 200 years
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Power Electronics HV Equipment Grid Automation
A Key Element of Grid Solutions
High Voltage DCFlexible AC Transmission
SystemsReactive Power Compensation
Energy Storage
Power TransformersGas Insulated SubstationAir Insulated Substation
Capacitors & Voltage Regulators
Protection & ControlSubstation Automation
CommunicationsMonitoring & Diagnostics
Software Solutions
Projects & Services
Distribution & Outage Management
Energy Management SystemsGeospatial & Mobile SolutionsGas & Pipeline Management
Turnkey Projects & ConsultingElectric Balance of PlantHigh Voltage Substations
Maintenance & Asset Management
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Strategic Grid Challenges
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Visualize the Digital Industrial
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Greatest Engineering Achievements: Of the 20th Century
20. High-performance materials19.Nuclear technologies 18. Laser and fiber optics 17. Petroleum & petrochemical
technologies 16. Health technologies 15. Household appliances 14. Imaging 13. Internet 12. Spacecraft
11. Highways 10. Air conditioning & refrigeration 9. Telephone 8. Computers 7. Agricultural mechanization 6. Radio and television 5. Electronics 4. Water supply and distribution 3. Airplane 2. Automobile
As voted on by the prestigious US National Academy of Engineers - in 2001
#1. Electrification
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Smart Dispatch Market Drivers Society’s growing dependency on electricity• Looming risks of major system disturbances• Focus on reliable demand-supply balance & grid security
Global energy & environmental movement• Increasing presence of DER - Distributed Energy Resources (e.g. wind, DR, etc)• Operational challenges: DER performance uncertainties
Experiences from deregulated system operations• Established foundation for integrating demand-supply balance with grid security constraints (e.g.
LMP). • Identified emerging deficiencies in Dispatch Instructions
Unrelenting complexity in business & technical decision process
Smart devices/resources with distributed intelligence
Coordinated decision making
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Opportunities of Smart Grid ProjectsGeneration• Integration of more new renewable energy sources (wind and
solar)
Transmission• High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)• Modernize substation and other equipment
Distribution• Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS)• Reduction in both technical and commercial losses• Faster service restorationMaximize Utilization of Critical Infrastructure• Use of transmission and distribution for communications
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Today’s Power Grid
The power grid is one of the Most Complex & Immense, ‘7 x 24 must run”, engineering machines in existence today!
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Major Sources of Grid Vulnerability
Natural calamitiesLine Overloads Equipment & Protection failuresCommunication failureFaultsHuman errorsInadequate security marginGaming in the marketSabotage/intrusion Missing information
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Some challenges of grid management
Vulnerability assessment is a computationally intensive process
•Needs to be continually updated
Measurements are noisy or uncertain
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Timeline of high impact blackouts History of Blackouts Region
Duration
People affected Initiating Event
9-Nov-65 NE US, NYC 14 hours 25M Faulty substation relay13-Jul-77 NYC 25 hours 8M Lightning1-Mar-89 Quebec & NY State 9 hours 6M Geomagnetic storm11-Mar-99 Sao Paolo, Brazil 5 hours 97M Lightning14-Aug-03 NE US (8 states), Canada upto a day 50M Line overload problems28-Sep-03 95% of Italy, Switzerland 18 hours 55M Line fault12-Jul-04 Greece varied 7M Heavy Load conditions1-Aug-05 Indonesia 5 hours 100M Grid imbalance
1-Nov-06 Germany, France, Italy, Spain varied 10M Line switching error
1-Feb-08 Chenzou, China 2 weeks 4M Winter storms10-Nov-09 Brazil & Paraguay 3 hours 67M Storms
10-Jul-12 India North 24 hours 370M Over-withdrawals, line overloads
31-Jul-12 India - 3 regions several hours 620M Over-withdrawals, line
overloads
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The Reality We Face….
“Blackouts will occur again in the future”
Our power grid is too complex to make it fail-safe!!
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So what is the Solution we seek.….?Contain an Initiating event to prevent a Cascading, failure of the grid!
And more importantly:How to Restore power to customers ASAP!
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A Modern EMS Control Center
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Today's Control Centers focus on: Reliability, Security, Economics, Efficiency
Control Centers manage the flow of energy in the grid:
• EMS manages the ‘physical flow’ of the higher voltage ‘transmission’ system
• DMS manages the ‘physical flow’ of the lower voltage ‘distribution’ system
• MMS manages the ‘financial flow’ amongst electricity market participants
2016 - GE Proprietary
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Economics ReliabilityBut: Reliability
Always Trumps Economics!
EMS Operators Objective
Reliability Economics
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Three main EMS application areas1. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
a. Monitor power system conditions in real time (every 2-4 sec)b. Perform manual supervisory control actions
2. Generation Scheduling & Dispatcha. System load forecast (SLF) & Reserve Monitoringb. Generation/Interchange scheduling & Economic Dispatchc. Real-time automatic generation control (AGC)
a. A Smart Grid Application since the ‘70s!b. “Automatically ensure s that generation/load balance is maintained –
second by second”
3. Transmission Grid Managementa. State Estimation (SE) b. Real time contingency analysis (CA) for N-1 system security monitoringc. System Optimization:
a. Volt Var Control (VVC), Loss Minimization, Corrective controls
2016 - GE Proprietary
22EMS Functions
Communication Server Data Acquisition
Inter Control Center
CommunicationUser Interface
Real-Time Database
System Modeling
Historical Data Warehouse
System FunctionsSCADA
(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
• SCADA• Loadshed• Historical Recording
NETWORK
• State Estimator
• Powerflow• Contingency
Analysis• Security
Enhancement• Optimal
Powerflow
GENERATION
• AGC• Study
Functions• Load
Forecast
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Today’s grid is already ‘Smart’
•System-wide ‘Smarts’:1. EMS operator actions2. EMS Automatic generation Control (AGC)3. Automatic under/over voltage frequency shedding 4. Special grid protection schemes, RAS, SIPS, etc
•Regional ‘Smarts’:1. Volt-Var Control (VVC)2. Automatic under/over voltage load shedding
•Equipment ‘Smarts’:1. Relays for protection of individual power equipment:
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The power grid is one of the Most Complex & Immense, ‘7 x 24 must run”, engineering machines in existence today!
Today’s grid is already Smart!Our challenge is to make tomorrow’s grid even
Smarter!
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Current Challenges
RetiringWorkforce
Cyber-Security
IT Architecture& Services
New EquipmentPMU, FACTS, HVDC,
New Storage
System Scalability
From energy clusters to
large Interconnected grids
System Dynamics
Operating near to true real time llimits
Business Model Change
New regulations
EfficiencyDER, DG, MicrogridsDemand Response
SustainabilityRenewables
& CO2-free energy
Operator Displays from a Modern EMS
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Dynamic Dashboard:Current area of interest
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Contour: area Voltage
Query: station voltages
Flyout: SCADA 1-lines
Power flow animation
Integrated SCADA & GIS Displays
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Voltage StabilityLocations & Controls
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Where are the VAR sources?
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The New SCADA Frontier
SCADA Data - Today Phasor Data (PMU) - Tomorrow
Refresh rate 2-5 seconds Refresh rate 30-60 samples/sec
Latency and skew Time tagged data, minimal latency
‘Older’ legacy communication Compatible with modern communication technology
Responds to quasi-static behavior Responds to system dynamic behavior
Frequency change means: Sudden Gen-Load MW imbalance
somewhere in the grid
Angle-pair change means:Sudden MW change in a
specific location of the grid
X-ray MRI
Courtesy EIPP, NASPI
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The New SCADA Frontier
SCADA Data - Today Phasor Data (PMU) - Tomorrow
Refresh rate 2-5 seconds Refresh rate 30-60 samples/sec
Latency and skew Time tagged data, minimal latency
‘Older’ legacy communication Compatible with modern communication technology
Responds to quasi-static behavior Responds to system dynamic behavior
Frequency change means: Sudden Gen-Load MW imbalance
somewhere in the grid
Angle-pair change means:Sudden MW change in a
specific location of the grid
X-ray MRI
Courtesy EIPP, NASPI
Earlier Information
for Better Decisions
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Today’s Grid Monitoring landscape is Changing
Real-time grid measurements will be 50-60 to 100-120 times faster!
“An Unprecedented Transformational Change”.
“MRI quality visibility of power systems compared to X-ray quality visibility of SCADA”. Terry Boston, CEO of PJM
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PMU’s Costs are declining..
Ten Years Ago• Dedicated PMU
devices• Device cost: $25k to
$30k• Installation cost:
$100k
Today• Multi-functional
devices (relays, fault recorders)
• Device cost: $2k firmware upgrades and GPS clocks
• Installation cost: Minimal
Title or Job Number | XX Month 201X
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Control Center - PDC
New
App
licat
ions
Oth
er E
MS
App
licat
ions SCADA & Alarms WAMS Alarms
State Estimator State Measurement
Small Signal Stability Oscillation Monitoring
Transient & Voltage Stability Stability Monitoring & Control
Island Management Island Detection, Resync, & Blackstart
EMS
MODEL-BASED Analysis
PhasorPointPMU
MEASUREMENT-BASED Analysis
Control Room Operations
The Next Generation Energy Management System!Transitioning from traditional “steady-state” view to enhanced “dynamic”
situational awareness.
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Tomorrow’s Smarter Automation will include: Fast local and wide-area automated control!Develop protective schemes
that dynamically adapt to current power system conditions, to preserve the integrity of the “grid” as an entity.
Integrate fast sub-second measurements with fast sub-second controls (FACTS, HVDC, etc)
Dispatch the transmission system with FACTS, HVDC, etc
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Real-time IT & Communication In the Cloud
Smart Grid : A Three-Level Architecture
The Traditional Electrical Grid
New Capabilities, New Technologies & New Equipment
The Future Smarter Grid :Adding intelligence to the traditional energy grid