ground water prospects maps

Ground Water Prospects MapsPrepared Under

Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission Project

Ministry of Drinking Water and SanitationGovernment of India, New Delhi - 110003

National Remote Sensing CentreIndian Space Research Organization

Dept. of Space, Govt. of India, Hyderabad - 500625

User Manual

October, 2011

2011 All rights reserved

National Remote Sensing CentreISRO, Govt. of IndiaHyderabad

Page makeup, design at Map Printing Facility, NRSCCover design at Imagic Creatives, Bengaluru

Printed at : Caxton Off set Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad

III

1. Security Classifi cation Unclassifi ed - Only for offi cial use

2. Distribution ISRO/DOS Centres , Min. of Drinking Water and Sanitation, State

Remote Sensing Application Centres, State Line Depts.

3.Report / Document

version

(a) Issue no. (b) Revision Version Date

01 01 1.0October

2011

4.Report /

Document TypeTechnical Manual

5.Document Control

NumberNRSC-RS&GISAA-ERG-HYD-SEP 2011-TR-287

6. Title Ground Water Prospects Maps User Manual

7. Particulars of collation Pages

72

Figures

27

Tables

06

References

03

8. Author(s) G. Sreenivasa Reddy, Dr. G. Behera and Dr. S. K. Subramanian

9. Affi liation of authors National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO.

10. Scrutiny mechanism

Compiled by

Hydrogeology

Division

Reviewed by

Dy. Director

(RS&GIS-AA)

Approved/Controlled by

Dy. Director

(RS&GIS-AA)

11. Originating unit Hydrogeology Division, RS&GIS-AA, NRSC, Hyderabad

12.Sponsorer / Name and

Address

Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Govt. of India,

New Delhi-110 003.

13. Date of Initiation September, 2010

14. Date of Publication October, 2011

15

Abstract (with Keywords): This manual provides information on the Ground Water Prospects

Maps including the map contents, scientifi c rationale behind preparing the contents,

referencing of the contents on the ground and usage of the maps in the fi eld. It is expected

that the manual facilitates the Hydrogeologists / Engineers of State Line Departments in

identifying drinking water sources and locating site specifi c recharge structures.

DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET

IV

Groundwater Prospects Maps - User Manual

V

ForewordThere are about 45 lakh informed public drinking water sources in the rural areas of

the country of which about 80 percent are based on ground water sources. The ground water development is highly dynamic and widely varying amongst different agro-climatic zones in the country. While the total drinking water requirement is only about 8 percent of the total water usage in the country, sustainability of these drinking water sources is largely impacted in some places due to other activities like agriculture, industry etc.

As a part of achieving sustainability of drinking water sources through artificial water recharge, surface impoundment/percolation, rain-water harvesting etc., it is essential to prepare Hydro Geo-Morphological (HGM) Maps using satellite data for facilitating the State Governments to identify correct locations of siting sustainability structures and also to locate high yielding/sustainable borewell/tubewell locations.

In this attempt, the Ministry has engaged the services of National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad for preparation of ground water prospect maps/HGM Maps. As of now, HGM Maps have been completed for 19 States. Similar maps preparation is under process for the remaining States and UTs and these are expected to be completed before the end of year 2013.

In order to facilitate the field engineers/hydro-geologists for using these maps effectively, a User Manual has been prepared. I expect that this Manual will be of use to all field level implementing agencies, planners, researchers and monitoring agencies in managing ground water based drinking water sources effectively.

(Vilasini Ramachandran)New DelhiOctober 18, 2011

VILASINI RAMACHANDRAN

Secretary

Government of IndiaMinistry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

PrefaceGround water is the major source of drinking water in India. In order to make ground

water sustainable, there is a need to understand the aquifer characteristics as well as its geological setting. This understanding not only helps in designing regulated withdrawal of ground water but also for planning suitable mechanism for ground water recharge. It is estimated that there are large number of habitations yet either Not-Covered (NC) or Partially Covered (PC) with potable water supply schemes mainly because the potential locations for the occurrence of potable ground water could not be identified in the immediate vicinity of such habitations. In recent years, even the covered habitations are also slipping back to NC and PC categories due to drying up of existing wells. It is now felt that to address and overcome these problems the drinking water supply schemes have to be developed considering the hydrogeological information and maps. At the request of the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, National Remote Sensing Centre / ISRO is preparing Ground water prospects maps containing comprehensive data on ground water using Remote Sensing technology and Geographic Information System (GIS). The maps are serving as a reference database for identifying potential locations both for drilling wells and constructing recharge structures specific to the site.

However, since the ground water is a hidden resource, a number of parameters that are manifested on the ground had to be considered and analyzed based on deductive techniques involving complex processes to prepare the maps. Both input and derivative data along with the processes are depicted on the maps to make them self explanatory. However, it is understood that the map users, particularly the non-hydrogeologists, find it not very easy to read the maps. It is in this context that a user manual has been prepared explaining the contents of the maps. I hope that the document will help the users especially the hydrogeologists and engineers to make use of these maps effectively on the ground for siting wells and for constructing recharge structures.

I complement the efforts of NRSC/ISRO and Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation for bringing out such a user friendly - easy to follow manual for the benefit of field level officials who are implementing the drinking water supply schemes in the States.

(V. K. Dadhwal)

V. K. DadhwalDirector

VII

Contents

1. Map Description 1 1.1 Background for Preparation of Ground Water Prospects Maps 1

1.2 Format of the Ground Water Prospects Maps 2

1.3 Relevance of the user manual 2

2. Map Contents 5 2.1 Reference Information 7

2.2 Body of the map 12

2.3 Legend of the Map - Dynamic part 16

3. Scientifi c rationale 21 3.1 Basic layers 21

3.1.1 Base map layers 21 3.1.2 Hydrological layers 22 3.1.3 Geological layers 28

3.2 Derivative layers 29

3.3 Map composition 39

4. Map referencing 41 4.1 Identifi cation of the village / habitation of interest 41

4.2 Browsing of relevant ground water prospects map 42

4.3 Locating the habitation of interest in the ground Water Prospects Map 42

4.4 Locating the map feature on the ground 42 4.4.1 Identifi cation of locations by feature matching 43 4.4.2 Identifi cation of locations with GPS 47

5. Use of the map 49 5.1 Identifi cation of potential ground water sources 49

5.2 Identifi cation of locations for site-specifi c recharge structures 50

5.3 Development of drinking water security plans 52

5.4 Other applications of the map 54

5.5 Limitations of the map 55

5.6 Summary of the description on the use of the maps 55 5.6.1 Steps involved in identifi cation of 55 potential ground water sources 5.6.2 Steps involved in identifi cation of locations 56 for site-specifi c recharge structures

References 57

IX

X

Fig-1.1: Components of digital ground water prospects map 3

Fig-2.1: A sample ground water prospects map pertaining to part of Bangalore 6 district of Karnataka showing map components

Fig-2.2: Ground water prospects map of part of Umaria & Shahdol Dist., 15 MP showing Lithology-Landform controlled aquifers and their ground water prospects

Fig-2.3: Ground water prospects map of part of Umaria & Shahdol Dist., 17 MP showing Fault/Fracture controlled aquifers and their ground water prospects

Fig-2.4: Dynamic legend of ground water prospects map of part of 18 Umaria & Shahdol Dist., MP showing hydrogeomorphic unit/aquifers-wise description

Fig-3.1: Input and output components of ground water prospects map 22

Fig-3.2: Satellite image showing a) signatures of various cultural features 23 (settlements, roads, railway lines) and b) their extraction and mapping

Fig-3.2c: Base map administrative, settlement, road network and 24 railway line - layers

Fig-3.3: Satellite image showing a) signatures of various hydrological features 25 (rivers, streams, water bodies and b) their extraction and mapping

Fig-3.3c: Hydrology drainage network, water bodies, rainfall data and 26 spring - layers

Fig-3.4: Satellite image showing a) signatures of various hydrological features 27 (canals, irrigated area and b) their extraction and mapping

Fig-3.4c: Hydrological - canals, wells, irrigated area - layers 28

Fig-3.5: Satellite image showing a) signatures of various geological features 30 (rock types, geological structures, and landforms) and b) their extraction and mapping

Fig-3.5c: Geological - rock types, geological structures, and landforms - layers 31

Fig-3.6: Hydrogeomorphology layer showing lithology-landform controlled 32 aquifers as polygon features and fault/fracture controlled aquifers as line features

Fig-3.7: Satellite image showing a) various parameters governing the 35 ground water recharge and b) identifi cation and mapping of suitable locations of recharge structures

Fig-3.7c: Recharge structures line and point - layers 36

Fig-4.1: Village index map of part of Medak District, AP 41 map showing 1: 50,000 scale toposheet index number of a village

List of Figures

XI

Table-1.1: States covered by ground water prospects mapping as on 2010 1 and respective state line departments with whom the maps are available Table-2.1: Types of fault / fracture controlled aquifers 16

Table-3.1: Classifi cation of aquifer material 33

Table-3.2: Criteria for suggesting type of well 34

Table-3.3: Types of hydrogeomorphic units w.r.t requirement for 37 ground water recharge

Table-3.4: Recharge structures suitable for harvesting various forms 38 of recharge water

List of Tables

Fig-4.2: Ground water prospects map of part of Jhansi Dist., UP showing 43 a) relation between anomalous stream course and fracture controlled aquifer and b) relation between confl uence of two stream course and a check dam Fig. 4.3: Ground water prospects map of parts of Coorg & South Kanara districts, 44 Karnataka showing map features in regional as well as local scales for identifying ground water prospect areas and recharge structures

Fig-4.4: a) Ground water prospects map covering Sirpur habitation and 46 its surroundings, M.P b) corresponding SOI toposheet showing additional features

Fig-4.5: Ground water prospects map in pdf format showing latitude and 47 longitude information (for the location marked as + in black)

Fig-5.1: Sample ground water prospects map showing potential 50 ground water sources

Fig-5.2: Sample ground water prospects map, part of Tumkur dist, 51 Karnataka showing site-specifi c recharge structures

Fig-5.3: Sample ground water prospects map showing a) watershed 53 boundaries and b) watershed wise ground water prospects

Fig-5.4: Ground water prospects map of a watershed forming a platform 54 for developing habitation-wise drinking water security plan

Fig-5.5: A sample village index map pertaining to Bangalore District of Karnataka 58

1


1. Map Description1. 1 Background for preparation of ground water prospects maps

Identifi cation of potable ground water sources which are sustainable for longer periods is a critical issue in the supply of drinking water to the rural habitations in the country. To address this issue, the erstwhile Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS), Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Govt. of India which is the apex organization for drinking water supply in the country has requested National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO / Dept. of Space, Govt. of India to prepare ground water prospects maps (technically Hydro Geo Morphological-HGM maps) on 1:50,000 scale using remote sensing and GIS technology. The Ministry wants these maps to be used by the engineers and hydro geologists of the line departments in respective states for identifying ground water sources, particularly for Not Covered (NC) and Partially Covered (PC) habitations. NRSC has taken up the work in phased manner under Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM) project. The maps have already been prepared for major part of the country and handed over to the line departments in respective states. Preparation of maps for remaining part of the country has been taken up recently and is expected to be completed by 2013.

The states for which the maps are already prepared and the line departments in the respective states with whom the maps are available are furnished in Table-1.1.

Table-1.1: States covered by ground water prospects mapping as on 2010 and respective state line departments with whom the maps are available

PhaseStates for which maps are prepared

Line departments withwhom maps are available

Phase-I

(1999-2002)

Andhra Pradesh(Eastern part) Rural Water Supply &Sanitation Chhattisgarh Public Health & Engineering Dept.Karnataka Mines & GeologyKerala Public Health & Engineering Dept.Madhya Pradesh Public Health & Engineering Dept.Rajasthan Public Health & Engineering Dept.

Phase-II

(2003-2005)

Gujarat Gujarat Water Supply & Sewerage BoardHimachal Pradesh Public Health & Engineering Dept.Jharkhand Public Health & Engineering Dept.Orissa Public Health & Engineering Dept.

Phase-IIIA(2008-2010)

Andhra Pradesh (Western part) Rural Water Supply &Sanitation

Assam Public Health & Engineering Dept.

Jammu & Kashmir Public Health & Engineering Dept.

Maharashtra Ground water Supply & Development Agency

Punjab Minor Irrigation & Water Supply

Uttarakhand Public Health & Engineering Dept.

2


PhaseStates for which maps are prepared

Line departments withwhom maps are available

Phase-IIIB

(2009-2010)

Arunachal Pradesh Public Health & Engineering Dept.Haryana Public Health & Engineering Dept.Uttar Pradesh

(Agra & Bundelkhand regions) Jalnigam

West Bengal (7 districts) Public Health & Engineering Dept.

1. 2 Format of the ground water prospects maps

The ground water prospects maps are available both in digital as well as in hard copy formats. The information content is same in both the formats.

The hard copy format is available in the form of A0 size map (1 / 1.2 meter paper print). Each map covers an area of approximately 700 sq. km corresponding to one Survey of India (SOI) toposheet on 1:50, 000 scale and consists of an exhaustive self-explanatory legend. The same ground water prospects map is also available as soft copy in PDF format. It can be viewed using a normal computer system with Adobe Acrobat Reader software. However, to view the map along with latitude - longitude information (map in Geo-PDF format), Adobe Acrobat Reader software 9.3.1 or higher version is required.

The digital ground water prospects maps are made using 19 independent layers, each layer containing information pertaining to a specifi c parameter. All these layers are available both in e00 and shape fi le formats. The fi nal ground water prospects maps are available in mapcomposion or mxd. fi le format. In addition to this, fi ve more thematic maps - 1) lithology map 2) Structural map 3) Geomorphology map 4) Hydrology map and 5) Base map are generated as intermediate products in the process. List of the input layers used for map making and the sequence of ground water prospects maps generation is explained schematically in Fig-1.1.

The digital ground water prospects maps can be viewed on Workstations with Arc GIS software 9.5.1 or higher version. They are amenable for user specifi c modifi cations. The maps can be enlarged to larger scales, subjected to analysis for deriving user specifi c solutions, updated by incorporating dynamic data, etc.

1. 3 Relevance of the user manual

Since the ground water is a hidden resource, a number of parameters have been studied and analyzed to know its occurrence and distribution. The resource has been mapped based on derivative techniques involving complex processes. Both input and derivative data along with the processes have been illustrated and depicted on the map to make the same self-explanatory and to facilitate the users to draw their own conclusions about the resource. Therefore, it is a pre-requisite of the users to read the data in right perspective and understand the information content properly in order to put the ground water prospects map to eff ective use. Thus the envisaged objective of Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission project can be achieved.

In fact, the ground water prospects maps are meant for usage by the fi eld geologists / hydrogeologists. It may not be that easy to read and understand the maps straight away like the other resource maps by all. A geological / hydrogeological knowledge is required for understanding

3


the maps more meaningfully. However, in order to improve the map reading skills and build the capacity of all the technical people who are involved in rural drinking water supply programme in using the ground water prospects maps for ground water prospect area identifi cation and site selection for constructing ground water recharge structures, this manual is being brought out.

There are three major aspects that are to be looked into by the user while using the maps in the fi eld. i) The amount of information content depicted in the form of diff erent symbols and codes, ii) The scientifi c rationale behind the process of generation of information content and iii) Referencing of map features in terms of x, y and z coordinates with the corresponding ground objects in order to a) identify ground water sources for supplying drinking water to the problematic villages and b) to locate sites for constructing site-specifi c recharge structures to improve the sustainability of the ground water sources.

An attempt is made in this document to address these issues under fi ve chapters. In the fi rst chapter, the background in which the preparation of the ground water prospects maps have been taken up, the format of the map and status of the availability of the maps are discussed. In the second

Fig-1.1: Components of digital ground water prospects map

Inpur data for making maps

E00 / Shape fi les

1. Administrative (polygon) layer2. Settlement (point) layer3. Road network (line) layer4. Railway lines (line) layer

5. Drainage (line) layer6. Water body (polygon) layer7. Canal (line) layer8. Spring (point) layer9. Rain fall data (point) layer10. Wells (point) layer11. Irrigated area (polygon) layer

12. Lithology (polygon) layer13. Structure - 1 (line) layer14. Structure - 2 (line) layer15. Geomorphology (polygon) layer

1. Hydrogeology (polygon) layer2. Hydrogeology (line) layer3. Recharge structure (line) layer4. Recharge structure (point) layer

Derivativelayers

Basiclayers

Final maps

map/mxd, pdf fi les &

Hard copies

1. Base map2. Lithology map3. Structural map4. Geomorphology map5. Hydrology map

6. Ground water prospects map

4


chapter, the information content that is available in the map has been furnished. In the third chapter, the scientifi c rationale behind the process of generation of information content has been explained. In the fourth chapter, the procedure to identify the locations in terms of x, y and z coordinates for drilling wells as well for constructing recharge structures besides the other map features on the ground. In the fi fth chapter, diff erent applications of the map, including its use for developing drinking water security plans has been highlighted. It is expected that the document will enable the users a hydro geologist or an engineer - to use the map more eff ectively.

Map Description

5


2. Map ContentsThe ground water prospects map contains mainly three categories of information i) Reference

information ii) spatial data on ground water prospects and sustainability including relevant hydrological and cultural features and iii) legend / index giving explanation about the map contents. All this information is organized and depicted on the map in the form of 21 components. A sample ground water prospects map pertaining to part of Bangalore district of Karnataka state showing all the 21 components in circles is provided in fi g-2.1 on a reduced scale for ready reference.

Same map on 1:50,000 scale which gives better clarity and facilitates easy reading is provided separately in the pouch of the manual. Each component in terms of its information content is described below.

1 Title of the Map

2 Method followed for preparing the Map

3 Scale of the Map

4 Map number - Survey of India 1:50,000 scale toposheet index number

5 Administrative area covered by the map

6 Geographical directions of the map area

7 Organization which has copy right on the map

8 Input data used for preparing the map

9 Organization which has designed and developed the map layout

10 Organization which has prepared the map

11 Organization which has provided technical guidance for preparing map

12 Organizations which have participated in the preparation of the map

13 Organization which has provided methodology for preparation of the map

14 Organization which has sponsored the mapping work

15 Index for ground water prospect information - Fixed part of the legend

16 Index for hydrological Information - Fixed part of the legend

17 Index for structural Information - Fixed part of the legend

18 Index for base map Information - Fixed part of the legend

19 Body of the map

20 Main Legend of the map Dynamic part of the legend describes body of the map taking symbols from the fi xed part of the legend as well.

21 Location map - index

6


SC

AL

E -

1:5

0,00

0K

ilom

eter

s0

12

34

51

GR

OU

ND

WA

TE

R P

RO

SP

EC

TS

MA

P(P

RE

PAR

ED

FR

OM

SAT

ELL

ITE

IMA

GE

INTE

RP

RE

TATI

ON

WIT

H L

IMIT

ED

FIE

LD C

HE

CK

S)

DE

PT

H R

AN

GE

OF

WE

LL

S

MO

DE

RA

TE

SH

ALLO

WD

EE

P

< 3

0 M

ET

ER

S3

0-8

0 M

ET

ER

S>

80

ME

TE

RS

> 8

00 L

PM

50-1

00 L

PM

10-5

0 L

PM

400-8

00 L

PM

200-4

00 L

PM

100-2

00 L

PM

GR

OU

ND

WA

TE

R P

RO

SP

EC

TS

IN

FO

RM

AT

ION

YIE

LD

RA

NG

EO

F W

EL

LS

CO

LO

UR

C

OD

E

AD

MIN

ISTR

ATIV

E IN

DE

X

LO

CA

TIO

N IN

FO

RM

AT

ION

MA

PS

HE

ET

IND

EX

DE

SC

RIP

TIO

NS

YM

BO

L

CA

NA

L/T

AN

K IR

RIG

AT

ED

AR

EA

GR

OU

ND

WA

TE

R IR

RIG

AT

ED

AR

EA

RA

IN G

UA

GE

STA

TIO

N(W

ith a

vera

ge a

nnual r

ain

fall

in m

m)

IN L

PM

YIE

LD

RA

NG

EB

OR

E /

TU

BE

WE

LL

YIE

LD

RA

NG

E

> 8

00 L

PM

400-8

00 L

PM

200-4

00 L

PM

100-2

00 L

PM

50-1

00 L

PM

10-5

0 L

PM

< 1

0 L

PM

15/7

0

8/1

5

8/1

5

8/1

5

8/1

5

8/1

5

8/1

5

8/1

5

3IN

m

/

da

y

200-4

00 m

/ day

100-2

00 m

/ day

50-1

00 m

/ day

25-5

0 m

/ day

5-2

5 m

/ day

< 5

m

/ day

> 4

00 m

/ day

3

3 3

3 3

3 3

15/7

0

15/7

0

15/7

0

15/7

0

15/7

0

15/7

0

80

0

HY

DR

OLO

GIC

AL

INF

OR

MA

TIO

N

BE

DD

ING

FO

LIA

TIO

NS

CH

IST

OS

ITY

/

ST

RU

CT

UR

AL

INF

OR

MA

TIO

N

DU

G W

ELL/

RIN

G W

ELL

SY

MB

OL

RIV

ER

/ S

TR

EA

M

WA

TE

R B

OD

Y / S

PR

ING

CA

NA

L

NA

TIO

NA

L H

IGH

WA

Y

STA

TE

HIG

HW

AY

ME

TALLE

D R

OA

D

NH

- 7

SH

- 9BA

SE

MA

P IN

FO

RM

AT

ION

DE

SC

RIP

TIO

N

RA

ILW

AY

OT

HE

R R

OA

D

C

O

M

M

O

N

M

A

P

I

N

D

E

X

FF

FF

(Hill

s, P

late

au

s

etc

.)

Ru

n-o

ff zo

ne

/B

arr

ier

for

G.W

. m

ove

me

nt

Pro

spe

cts

limite

d t

o v

alle

yp

ort

ion

s o

nly

DIP

S

CIT

Y / V

ILLA

GE

FR

AC

TU

RE

/ L

INE

AM

EN

T

(< 1

5 )

(15

- 4

5 )

(45

- 8

0 )

(In

selb

erg

/ R

idg

e /

Dyk

e e

tc.)

STA

TE

DIS

TR

ICT

PA

RT

IALY

CO

VE

RE

D (

PC

)H

AB

ITA

TIO

NS

:

o

oo

oo

NO

T-C

OV

ER

ED

(N

C)/

BO

UN

DA

RY

:

OTH

ER

INFO

RM

ATIO

N

GE

NT

LE

ST

EE

P

MO

DE

RA

TE

SY

NC

LIN

E / S

YN

FO

RM

TR

EN

D L

INE

ES

CA

RP

ME

NT

AN

TIC

LIN

E / A

NT

IFO

RM

QU

AR

TZ

RE

EF

PE

GM

AT

ITE

FA

ULT

(Con

firm

ed /

Infe

rred

)

(Con

firm

ed /

Infe

rred

)

( Lith

olog

ic c

onta

cts

are

infe

rred

at p

lace

s &

Geo

mor

phic

bou

ndar

ies

are

grad

atio

nal )

RA

JIV

GA

ND

HI N

AT

ION

AL

DR

INK

ING

WA

TE

R M

ISS

ION

MIN

IST

RY

OF

RU

RA

L D

EV

ELO

PM

EN

TG

OV

T. O

F IN

DIA

, N

EW

DE

LH

I

D Q P

D PQ

D Q P

QD P

WE

LLS

OB

SE

RV

ED

DU

RIN

G F

IELD

VIS

IT

DU

G-C

UM

-BO

RE

WE

LL

AR

TE

SIA

N W

EL

L

HA

ND

PU

MP

WE

LL

OB

SE

RV

AT

ION

WE

LL

OF

G.W

DE

PT.

/ C

.G.W

.B

RE

CH

AR

GE

ST

RU

CT

UR

ES

SU

GG

ES

TE

D

PE

RC

OLA

TIO

N T

AN

K

NA

LA

BU

ND

CH

EC

K D

AM

RE

CH

AR

GE

PIT

RE

CH

AR

GE

WE

LL

DE

SIL

TIN

G O

F T

AN

K

MIN

OR

MA

JOR

LIT

HO

LO

GIC

/ G

EO

MO

RP

HIC

UN

ITB

OU

ND

AR

Y

( >

80

)oS

UB

-VE

RT

ICA

LT

O V

ER

TIC

AL

DY

KE

(Con

firm

ed /

Infe

rred

)

FR

AC

TU

RE

/ L

INE

AM

EN

T

(Iinf

erre

d)

Col

our i

nsid

e w

ell s

ymbo

l ind

icat

es y

ield

rang

e. T

he fi

gure

s on

the

top

right

han

d si

de o

f wel

l ind

icat

e th

e de

pth

to w

ater

leve

l and

tota

l dep

thof

wel

l in

met

ers.

NAT

ION

AL

REM

OTE

SEN

SIN

G A

GEN

CY

DE

PT.

OF

SPA

CE

, GO

VT.

OF

IND

IAB

ALA

NA

GA

R, H

YD

ER

AB

AD

SP

ON

SO

RE

D B

YP

RE

PA

RE

D B

YP

AR

TIC

IPA

TIN

G O

RG

AN

ISA

TIO

NS

ME

TH

OD

OLO

GY

& P

RO

JEC

T E

XE

CU

TIO

NT

EC

HN

ICA

L G

UID

AN

CE

& Q

UA

LIT

Y C

HE

CK

CN

ATIO

NA

L R

EM

OTE

SE

NS

ING

AG

EN

CY,

DE

PT.

OF

SPA

CE

, GO

VT.

OF

IND

IA

Blu

e

Gre

en

Yello

w

Ora

nge

Red

Indig

o

Vio

let

# S

oftw

are

Des

igne

d &

Dev

elop

ed b

y G

eolo

gy D

ivis

ion,

NR

SA

(AM

L ve

rsio

n-II)

BA

NG

ALO

RE

DIS

TRIC

T, K

AR

NAT

AK

A.

MA

P S

HE

ET

NO

. 57H

/9

TE

CH

NO

LO

GY

IN

FO

RM

AT

ICS

DE

SIG

N E

ND

EA

VO

UR

#19, 9 T

H C

RO

SS

, 6 T

H M

AIN

,M

ALLE

SW

AR

AM

,BA

NG

LO

RE

- 5

60 0

03

NA

TIO

NA

L R

EM

OT

E S

EN

SIN

G A

GE

NC

YD

EP

T. O

F S

PA

CE

, G

OV

T O

F IN

DIA

BA

LA

NA

GA

RH

YD

ER

AB

AD

-37

1)

P.H

.E D

ept, G

ovt

. of K

arn

ata

ka

2)

G.W

. D

ept, G

ovt

. of K

arn

ata

ka

3)

Karn

ata

ka S

tate

Rem

ote

Sensi

ng c

entr

e

4)

Centr

al G

round W

ate

r B

oard

57H

/9

57G

/857

G/1

257

G/1

6

57H

/557

H/1

3

57H

/657

H/1

057

H/1

4

Ave

rage a

nnual r

ain

fall

is 8

57 m

m.

BA

NG

ALO

RE

57H

/9

KA

RN

ATA

KA

(HY

DR

OG

EO

MO

RP

HIC

UN

IT)

TY

PE

OF

WE

LLS

YIE

LD

RA

NG

EO

F W

ELLS

(EX

PE

CT

ED

)

OF

WA

TE

R

DW

RW

BW

TW

DB

W/

DT

W

= D

UG

WE

LL

= R

ING

WE

LL

= B

OR

E W

EL

L=

TU

BE

WE

LL

= D

UG

-CU

M-

B

OR

E /

TU

BE

W

EL

L

PO

TAB

LE

(P

)&

SU

CC

ES

S

(IN

ME

TR

ES

)M

IN -

MA

X

OF

WE

LLS

SU

ITA

BLE

MA

P U

NIT

UN

IT/L

AN

DF

OR

MG

EO

MO

RP

HIC

GE

OLO

GIC

AL

SE

QU

EN

CE

/

(RE

PR

ES

EN

TE

D I

N T

HE

MA

P

WIT

H N

UM

ER

IC C

OD

E)

(RE

PR

ES

EN

TE

D I

N T

HE

MA

PW

ITH

AL

PH

AB

ET

IC C

OD

E)

RE

PR

ES

EN

TE

D

AL

PH

AN

UM

ER

IC C

OD

EIN

TH

E M

AP

WIT

H

GR

OU

ND

WA

TE

RP

RO

SP

EC

TS

)

(CO

LO

UR

IN

DIC

AT

ES

RO

CK

TY

PE

DE

PT

H R

AN

GE

(SU

GG

ES

TE

D)

QU

ALIT

Y

L

E

G

E

N

DD

EP

TH

TO

WA

TE

R L

EV

EL

NO

. O

F W

EL

LS

OB

SE

RV

ED

RE

CH

AR

GE

CO

ND

ITIO

NS

GR

OU

ND

WA

TE

RIR

RIG

AT

ED

AR

EA

LS

PR

FIR FR

WR

IR

= L

OO

SE

SE

DIM

EN

TS

= P

ER

ME

AB

LE

RO

CK

= F

ISS

UR

ED

RO

CK

= F

RA

CT

UR

ED

RO

CK

= W

EA

TH

ER

ED

RO

CK

= IM

PE

RV

IOU

S R

OC

K

AQ

UIF

ER

MA

TE

RIA

L

(RA

INF

AL

L &

OT

HE

R

SO

UR

CE

S)

G R

O

U

N

D

W

A T

E

R

P

R

O

S

P

E

C

T S

PT

CD

NB

RW

DT

RP

= P

ER

CO

LA

TIO

N T

AN

K=

CH

EC

K D

AM

= N

AL

A B

UN

D=

RE

CH

AR

GE

WE

LL

= D

ES

ILT

ING

OF

TA

NK

= R

EC

HA

RG

E P

IT

RE

CH

AR

GE

ST

RU

CT

UR

ES

SU

ITA

BLE

&P

RIO

RIT

YB

AS

ED

ON

AV

AIL

AB

ILIT

YO

F W

AT

ER

(in

LP

M o

r m

/day

)3

RA

TE

OF

WE

LL

S

HO

MO

GE

NE

ITY

(IN

DIC

AT

E R

EA

SO

NS

IF N

ON

-PO

TAB

LE

)

NO

N-P

OTA

BL

E (

NP

) (AP

PR

OX

. R

AN

GE

IN P

ER

CE

NTA

GE

)

R E

M

A R

K

S

(PR

OB

LE

MS

/ L

IMIT

AT

ION

S)

IN T

HE

UN

IT

(PR

OB

AB

ILIT

Y)

VE

RY

HIG

HH

IGH

MO

DE

RA

TE

LO

W

SU

MM

ER

/PR

E-M

ON

SO

ON

(A

VE

RA

GE

IN

ME

TE

RS

)

FF

Thes

e ar

e fa

ult /

frac

ture

zon

es, w

hich

gen

eral

ly a

ct a

s co

ndui

ts fo

r mov

emen

t of g

roun

d w

ater

in h

ard

rock

s. A

long

thes

e zo

nes,

the

yiel

ds a

re s

igni

fican

tly h

ighe

r and

wel

ls a

re li

kely

to b

e su

stai

nabl

e fo

r lon

ger d

urat

ion.

How

ever

, the

infe

rred

frac

ture

s ne

ed to

be

conf

irmed

by

deta

iled

gro

und

surv

eys.

DD

QQ

PP

DD

QQ

PP

Thes

e ar

e th

e dy

kes,

qua

rtz re

efs,

peg

mat

ites

etc.

whi

ch g

ener

ally

act

as

barr

iers

for g

roun

d w

ater

mov

emen

t.

N.B

. - T

he d

epth

rang

e an

d yi

eld

rang

e of

wel

ls m

ay v

ary

with

in th

e un

it be

caus

e of

cer

tain

inho

mog

enei

ties.

Fra

ctur

es /

linea

men

ts w

hich

are

cle

arly

obs

erve

d / i

nfer

red

from

the

sate

llite

imag

e ar

e in

dica

ted

on th

e m

ap. T

here

cou

ld b

e so

me

obs

cure

d fra

ctur

es w

hich

als

o in

fluen

ce th

e gr

ound

wat

er p

rosp

ects

.Lo

catio

ns o

f the

rech

arge

stru

ctur

es s

how

n in

the

map

are

tent

ativ

e. T

his

map

is u

sefu

l fo

r nar

row

ing

dow

n th

e ta

rget

zon

es, a

nd e

xact

loca

tions

on

the

grou

nd fo

r wel

ls a

nd re

char

ge s

truct

ures

sho

uld

be id

entif

ied

base

d on

follo

w-u

p gr

ound

hyd

roge

olog

ical

/ ge

ophy

sica

l sur

veys

.

VF

M-1

1

LP

S-2

1

VF

S-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

T-83

PIC

-83

I-83

RH

-83

RECENT

ALLU

VIU

M -

SA

ND

& S

ILT

(VF

M)

(12-1

5 m

)

LA

TE

RIT

E

(11)

(21)

LA

TE

RIT

E P

LA

IN-S

HA

LLO

W

(LP

S)

(6-9

m)

VA

LLE

Y F

ILL-S

HA

LLO

W

VA

LLE

Y F

ILL-M

OD

ER

AT

E

(VF

S)

(8-1

0 m

)

QUATERNARY

PE

DIP

LA

IN-M

OD

ER

AT

E

(PP

M)

(10-1

2 m

)

PE

DIP

LA

IN-S

HA

LLO

W

(PP

S)

(6-8

m)

PE

DIP

LA

IN-D

ISS

EC

TE

D

(PP

T)

PE

DIM

EN

T-I

NS

ELB

ER

G

CO

MP

LE

X

(PIC

)

INS

ELB

ER

G

(I)

RE

SID

UA

L H

ILL

(RH

)

VE

RY

GO

OD

LIM

ITE

D

GO

OD

GO

OD

MO

DE

RA

TE

LIM

ITE

D

PO

OR

LS

+W

R+

FIR

WR

+F

IR

LS

+W

R+

FIR

WR

+F

IR

WR

+F

IR

WR

+F

IR

WR

+F

IR

DW

BW

BW

DW

BW

DW

BWBW

BW

BW

90-1

10 m

90-1

10 m

80-1

00 m

12-1

5 m

60-8

0 m

60-8

0 m

10-1

2 m

80-1

00 m

6-1

0 m

25-3

0 m

150-1

75 c

u.m

/day

100-1

50 c

u.m

/day

75-1

00 c

u.m

/day

300-4

00 lp

m

30-4

0 lp

m

200-3

00 lp

m

150-2

00 lp

m

75-1

00 lp

m

20-3

0 lp

m

15-2

5 lp

m

Hig

h

Hig

h

Low

Modera

te

Modera

te

Modera

te

Modera

te

Modera

te

Low

Low

P P P PP P P

15-2

0

Nil

20-3

0

20-2

5

5-1

0

Nil

Neglig

ible

Not R

equired

RP

/PT

RP

/PT

RP

/PT

DT

Hig

h P

riority

DT

Hig

h P

riority

More

run-o

ff as

this

zone form

s to

pogra

phic

hig

h. E

xplo

itatio

n is

min

imal

as

pla

nta

tions

of euca

lyptu

s and c

asu

rina h

ave

been d

eve

loped.V

ery

few

Loose

sedim

ents

and w

eath

ere

d g

neis

s fo

rm a

quife

r.P

ote

ntia

l zone d

ue to

rech

arg

e fro

m tanks

and tank

irrigate

d a

reas.

Desi

ltatio

n o

n h

igh p

riority

Weath

ere

d a

nd fis

sure

d g

neis

s fo

rm a

quife

r.M

odera

tely

good p

ote

ntia

l zone

topogra

phic

hig

h.B

etter

pro

spect

s in

the v

icin

ity o

f P

PM

and V

FS

.

Weath

ere

d a

nd fis

sure

d g

neis

s fo

rm a

quife

r.C

onsi

dera

ble

run-o

ff

due to d

isse

ctio

n,r

elie

f,sl

ope a

nd r

ock

out cr

ops.

Better

pro

spect

s in

valle

y port

ions.

Weath

ere

d a

nd fis

sure

d g

neis

s fo

rm a

quife

r.M

ore

run-o

ff due to fre

quent

rock

out cr

ops.

Pro

spect

s lim

ited to a

reas

free o

f ro

ck o

ut cr

ops.

RP

BA

ND

ED

BIO

TIT

E G

NE

ISS

&

HO

RN

BLE

ND

E G

NE

ISS

(83)

PE

DIP

LA

IN-S

HA

LLO

W

(PP

S)

(6-8

m)

MO

DE

RA

TE

WR

+F

IRB

W80-1

00 m

75-1

00 lp

mM

odera

teP

5-1

0R

P/P

TW

eath

ere

d a

nd fis

sure

d g

neis

s fo

rm a

quife

r.M

ore

run-o

ff as

it fo

rms

topogra

phic

hig

h.B

etter

pro

spect

s in

the v

icin

ity o

f P

PM

and V

FS

.

PE

DIP

LA

IN-S

HA

LLO

W

(PP

S)

(6-8

m)

MO

DE

RA

TE

WR

+F

IRB

W80-1

00 m

75-1

00 lp

mM

odera

teP

5-1

0R

P/P

T

topogra

phic

hig

h.B

etter

pro

spect

s in

the v

icin

ity o

f P

PM

and V

FS

.

SH

-83

ST

RU

CT

UR

AL

HIL

L

(SH

)

V-8

3V

ALLE

Y

(V)

PP

S-8

1

PP

S-8

2

GR

AN

ITE

(81)

MIG

MA

TIT

E

(82)

run-o

ff w

ate

r fr

om

oth

er

units

. Lin

eam

ent zo

nes

form

hig

h p

ote

ntia

l zones.

Not R

iquired

Low

Priority

Modera

te P

riority

Modera

te P

riority

Modera

te P

riority

Modera

te P

riority

Modera

te P

riority

GO

OD

WR

+F

R

DW

BW

12-1

5 m

60-8

0 m

Modera

te

Modera

te

P75-1

00 c

u.m

/day

150-2

00 lp

m

Neglig

ible

DW

-1

BW

-1

NO

WE

LLS

OB

SE

RV

ED

BW

-1

BW

-1

BW

-4

BW

-6

DW

-4

BW

-21

NO

WE

LLS

OB

SE

RV

ED

BW

-14

NO

WE

LLS

OB

SE

RV

ED

2-6

m

2-6

m

10-1

8 m

10-1

8 m

5-8

m

10-1

8 m

15-2

0 m

DO

MIN

AN

T

IRS

-1D

LIS

S-3

FC

C d

ate

d 2

2 M

arc

h 2

00

0,

GR

OU

ND

TR

UT

H &

WE

LL

OB

SE

RV

AT

ION

du

rin

g M

arc

h,

Jun

e 2

00

0 &

Ap

ril 2

00

2,

Pu

blis

he

d G

eo

log

ica

l ma

ps

& L

itera

ture

.D

ATA

US

ED

:

It o

ccurs

in s

outh

ern

part

ove

r le

sser

ext

ent. U

nco

nso

lidate

d s

edim

ents

and

weath

ere

d g

neis

s fo

rm g

ood a

quife

r. H

igh p

ote

ntia

l zone d

ue to r

ech

arg

e

from

tank

and tank

irrigate

d a

reas.

Suita

ble

for

furt

her

deve

lopm

ent.

Desi

ltatio

n o

n h

igh p

riority

due to la

rge a

ccum

ula

tion o

f sa

nd.

habita

tions.

Not su

itable

for

gro

und w

ate

r deve

lopm

ent.

Weath

ere

d a

nd fis

sure

d g

ranite

form

aquife

r. M

ore

run-o

ff as

it fo

rms

due to la

rge a

ccum

ula

tion o

f sa

nd a

nd s

ilt. S

uita

ble

for

gro

und w

ate

r

deve

lopm

ent.

Weath

ere

d a

nd fis

sure

d g

neis

s fo

rm a

quife

r. V

ery

good p

rosp

ect

s as

it re

cieve

s

Pro

spect

s in

ferr

ed b

ase

d o

n P

PT-8

3. N

ot su

itable

for

gro

und w

ate

r

deve

lopm

ent. N

o h

abita

tions.

Run o

ff-zo

ne; N

ot su

itable

for

gro

und w

ate

r deve

lopm

ent.

Main

ly r

un o

ff-zo

ne; P

rosp

ect

s lim

ited to v

ale

y port

ions

only

.

Main

ly r

un o

ff-zo

ne; P

rosp

ect

s lim

ited to v

ale

y port

ions

only

.

as

it lie

s adja

cent to

VF

M a

nd V

FS

. S

uita

ble

for

gro

und w

ate

r deve

lopm

ent.

BA

NG

ALO

RE

CIT

Y

PENINSULAR GNEISSIC COMPLEX (ARCHAEAN)

Weath

ere

d a

nd fis

sure

d m

igm

atit

e form

aquife

r. M

ore

run-o

ff as

it fo

rms

NH

-4

NH-7

Kur

ubah

alli

Sun

kada

katte

Saj

jepa

lya

Kat

igep

alya

Kam

aksh

ipal

ya

Beg

ger C

olon

y

San

egur

uvan

ahal

li

Thim

man

ahal

li

Agr

ahar

Das

arah

alli

Mud

alap

alya

Mar

enah

alli

Mal

egal

u

Pap

ared

dipa

lya

Vira

npal

yaHan

uman

than

agar

Mal

atha

lli

Nag

arbh

avi

Atti

kopp

e

Larip

alya

Nay

anda

halli

Pan

tara

paly

aM

udda

iyan

paly

a

Ken

chen

halli

Pat

nage

ri

Hal

ge V

ader

ahal

li

Got

tiger

e

Hos

kere

halli Kat

hrig

uppe

Ittam

adu

Kar

isan

dra

Kad

aren

ahal

li

Ban

asha

nkar

iC

hikk

a K

alsa

ndra

Gau

dana

paly

aA

reha

lli

Aval

halli

Das

arah

alli

Kar

ithim

man

ahal

li

Dav

ati R

aman

ahal

liGud

dada

halliPad

aray

anap

ura

Cho

lurp

alya

Bai

yyap

pana

halli

Kris

hnai

yanp

alya

Nag

avar

a

Sud

dagu

ntep

alya

Joga

paly

a

Tipp

asan

dra

Urg

ampa

lya

App

ared

dipa

lya

Duk

anah

alli

Dum

lur

Kod

ihal

liK

onen

Agr

ahar

a

Mur

uges

hpal

ya Cha

llagh

atta

Bel

ur N

agas

andr

a

Bel

ur

Shi

nava

gal

Kat

tala

paly

a

Kor

aman

gala

Adu

godi

Sad

dugu

ntep

alya

Chi

kka

Adu

godi Mad

ival

a Chi

kka

Mad

ival

a

Gur

appa

napa

lya

Jaks

andr

a

Venk

atap

ura

Aga

raIb

balu

r

Am

blip

ur

Kai

kond

anah

alli

Vang

anah

alli

Yellu

kunt

eP

aran

gipa

lya

Rup

ena

Agr

ahar

a

Mah

adev

apur

a

Nar

ayan

apur

Kot

tepp

a G

udis

aluK

rishn

araj

apur

Sin

gayy

anap

alya

Gar

udac

harp

alya

Gos

ala

Son

enha

lli

Pat

tand

ur A

grah

ar Nal

lurh

alliWhi

tefie

ldK

unda

lhal

li

Cha

nnap

pana

halli

Tiga

lapa

lya

Tuba

rhal

liS

idda

pur

Ram

agon

dana

halli

Kod

i

Varth

ur

Bal

iger

iB

ella

ndur

Roa

d R

S

Pan

atur

Din

nepa

lya

Kar

iyam

man

a A

grah

ara

Kad

bisa

nhal

li

Bod

anah

lli

Dev

arab

isan

ahal

li

Gun

jurp

alya

Gun

jur H

osah

alli

Dod

da N

ekku

ndi

Vibh

utip

ur

Mar

atta

halli

Kem

papu

rYa

mal

ur

Ann

asan

drap

alya

Gar

kam

anta

paly

a

Mal

lesh

appa

napa

lya

Kag

gada

sa

Bai

rasa

ndra

Kar

iyan

paly

a

Gan

akal

lu

Srin

ivas

pura

Cha

nnas

andr

a

Tura

halli

Gub

lal

Utta

raha

lli

Bik

aspu

r

Jara

gana

halli

Yalc

hena

halli

Sar

akki

Mar

enah

alli

Sar

akki

Agr

ahar

a

Dor

asan

ipal

ya

Put

tena

halli

Bile

kaha

lli

Bom

man

ahal

li

Nai

napp

aset

tipal

ya

Ark

eri

Hul

imav

uK

otnu

rdin

ne

Kal

en A

grah

ara

Chi

kka

Kam

man

ahal

li

Bas

avan

pur

Hom

mad

evan

ahal

li

Din

nepa

lya

Chi

tteka

repa

lya

Bet

tada

sana

pur

Bya

napa

lya

Dod

da T

ogur

Vadd

arap

alya

Ittas

andr

a

Bas

apur

Chi

kka

Togu

r Kon

appa

na A

grah

ara

Sin

gasa

ndra

Par

appa

na A

grah

ara

Chi

kka

Beg

ur

Dev

arch

ikka

naha

lli

Gya

napp

anah

alli

Yale

naha

lli

Dod

da K

amm

anah

alli

Mal

lasa

ndra

Gha

rebh

avip

alya

Hon

gasa

ndra

Kod

ichi

kkan

ahal

li

Vadd

arap

alya

Kem

batta

naha

lli

Pila

gana

halli

Am

rutn

agar

Dod

diLa

kshm

ipur

Tata

guni

Gat

gerip

alya

Chi

kkeg

auda

npal

ya

Das

egau

dana

paly

a

Ling

dira

naha

lli

Nag

egau

dana

paly

a

Raj

anm

adav

u

Gad

dech

anpa

lya

Tatg

uni E

stat

e

Kod

ipur T

algh

atpu

r

Gan

igar

paly

a

Hos

ahal

li

Huc

happ

anpa

lya

Rag

hava

npal

ya

Tipp

asan

dra

Alh

alli

Anj

anpu

r

Silk

Far

m

Kud

lu

Sam

sund

arap

alya

Har

alur

Man

gam

man

apal

ya

Kas

avan

ahal

li Junn

asan

dra

Hai

nayk

anah

alli

Dod

da K

anna

lli

Arp

anan

ilaya

m

Mul

lur

Kac

hmar

anha

lli

Heg

gond

ahal

li

Kar

mal

aram

Kan

nalli

Cha

ndap

ur Chi

kka

Nay

akan

ahal

liH

ad S

idda

pur

Kod

athi

Sul

akun

te

Gov

inda

pur

Aval

ahal

li

Har

ohal

liC

hikk

a N

agam

anga

la

Gul

iman

gala

Gov

inda

chet

tipal

ya Che

ndan

ahal

li

Vadd

arap

alya

Shi

ngen

a A

grah

ara Nar

ayan

agha

ttaGop

asan

dra

Chi

kka

Tim

mas

andr

a

Sam

anah

alli

Kag

galip

ur

Srir

ampu

r

Dod

da N

elam

anga

la

Nag

anat

hapu

r

Ray

asan

dra

Chu

dasa

ndra

Vade

raha

lli

Nar

ayan

agur

ukul

a

Udi

paly

a

Sal

udod

di

Kag

lipur

Gul

akam

ale

Kan

chig

arap

alya

Gut

tepa

lya

Vasu

deva

pur

Tara

lu

Pat

tare

ddip

alya

Muk

koda

lu

Gad

ipal

yaH

uche

gaud

anap

alya

Sun

kada

katte

Kris

hnan

adod

di

Mah

anta

linga

pur

Gid

dena

halli

Kon

asan

dra

Bom

man

daha

lli

Kas

inak

unte

dodd

i

Din

naR

amas

agar

a

Beg

ihal

liK

ales

vari

Upp

ar K

allu

Kar

iyap

pana

halli

Vaja

raha

lli

Kem

pana

yaka

naha

lliH

allu

kasa

vana

halli

Jang

alap

alya

Ram

sand

ra

Kem

papu

r

Chi

nnag

onda

napa

lya

Nan

japu

r

Hen

naga

raM

asta

naha

lli

Hos

ahal

li

Kac

hana

yaka

naha

lli

Kitt

igan

ahal

li

Cha

ndap

ura

Ban

ahal

li

Ram

akris

hnap

ura

Nag

anay

akan

ahal

li

Bya

gada

dena

halli

Ella

mm

anap

alya

Nay

anah

alli

Sita

naya

kana

halli

Har

agad

de

Vadd

arap

alya

Vade

ram

anch

inah

alli

Kol

laba

lu

Ban

gala

pet

Gol

laha

lli

Mar

agon

dana

halli

Hul

iman

gala

Hol

aman

chin

ahal

li

Laks

hmip

urK

anch

ugay

yana

dodd

iM

unim

aray

yana

dodd

i

Sha

nubo

gana

halli

Obi

chud

ahal

li

Nal

lam

man

adod

di

Mad

igar

apal

ya

Bal

igar

anah

alli

Ban

diga

naha

lli

Laks

hmis

agar

a

Ram

asag

ara

Bom

mas

andr

a

Srir

ampu

ra

Yara

ndah

alli

Raj

apur

a

Sak

alav

ar

Vade

raha

lli

Siv

anah

alli

Kop

pa

Mun

ekol

lal

Mad

apat

na

Bod

igra

ma

Gop

alpu

r

Mis

tripa

lya

Ban

galo

re U

nive

rsity

Cam

pus

Cha

ndap

ura

Kal

kere

Shi

karip

alya

Pod

u

Tim

may

yana

dodd

i

Bya

lam

arad

adod

di

Hak

kibi

kki C

olon

y

Bet

tara

yana

dodd

iK

asar

agup

pe

Kas

arag

uppe

Sam

pige

halli

But

anah

alli

Kho

day'

s D

istil

lerie

s

Rag

hava

npal

ya

Hus

kur

Beg

ur

Bel

land

ur

Sad

arm

inga

l

Sub

ram

anya

pur

Vasa

ntap

ur

Dod

da K

alsa

ndra

Got

tiger

e

Virs

andr

a

Vaja

rhal

li

Gol

laha

lli

Kon

anku

nte

Chu

nchg

atta

Kot

nur

Kam

mas

andr

a

Cho

kkas

andr

a

Gha

ttiha

lli

Mut

tana

llur

Chi

ntal

amad

ival

a

Bin

gipu

r

Sal

uhan

ase

Som

anha

lliTa

tgup

pe

Dya

vasa

ndra

Buk

kasa

gara

Bai

rapp

anah

alli

Nal

sand

ra

Hul

luha

lli

Kya

lasa

naha

lli

Ban

dena

lasa

ndra

Igal

uru

Hin

nakk

i

Ling

apur

a

Heb

godi

Tiru

paly

a

Har

apan

ahal

li

Kul

umep

alya

Tiru

mag

onda

naha

lli

Ner

alur

Gud

deha

tti

Alib

omm

asan

dra

Hila

lige

Kop

pa

Kam

mas

andr

a

Vabs

andr

a

Jiga

ni

Ban

nirg

hatta

Man

tapa

Mar

asur

Hal

euru

Kam

blip

ura

Agr

ahar

am

She

ttiha

lli

Gya

nash

ram

a

Icha

ngur

u

Vadd

arah

atti

Ban

dapu

ra

Ade

sann

atti

Utta

raha

lli

Mad

ival

a

Mai

sand

ra

Mut

sand

ra

Ban

galo

re

10

/92

8/1

00

9/4

8

20

/90

15

/11

5

9/4

9

14

/10

4

6/7

6

5/8

12

/12

0

19

/53

18

/91

15

/10

0

18

/15

0

14

/12

0

15

/11

0 17

/17

9

14

/46

10

/10

7

8/1

07

18

/61

16

/15

6

1/3

9/4

5

20

/50

16

/50

12

/12

01

0/1

50

10

/18

1

8/6

0

8/5

1

8/5

4

19

/71

20

/60

15

/14

8

10

/40

5/5

4

10

/11

0

8/1

0

8/9

1

8/1

0

6/3

7

6/1

615

/51

8/1

06

4/3

2

5/1

12

9/4

5

4/1

06

12

/10

7

10

/12

8/3

7

5/3

1

12

/10

0

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS-83

VFS-

83

PP

S-8

3

VFS-

83

VFS-

83

VFS-

83

VFS-

83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS-

83

VFS

-83

V-83

PP

S-8

1

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3P

PS

-83

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

VFS-

83V

FS-8

3

VFS

-83

VFS-83

VFS-

83

VFS-

83

VFS-

83

VFS-83

VFS

-83

VFS-

83

VFS-

83

VFS-

83

VFS-8

3

PP

T-83

PP

T-83

PP

T-83

PP

T-83

RH

-83 I-8

3

PP

T-83

PP

T-83

PP

S-8

3

V-83

V-83

V-83

V-83

SH

-83

PIC

-83

PIC

-83

PIC

-83

PIC

-83

I-83

I-83

SH

-83

SH

-83

SH

-83

I-83

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

V-83

V-83

V-83

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

S-8

3

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

PP

S-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

PP

M-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

VFM

-11

VFM

-11

PP

M-8

3P

PM

-83

PP

M-8

3PP

M-8

3

VFM

-11

VFM

-11

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

PP

S-8

3

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

T-83

PP

T-83

PP

T-83

PIC

-83

PIC

-83

PIC

-83

PIC

-83

I-83

I-83

RH

-83

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

T-83

PP

T-83

PP

T-83

V-83

V-83

V-83

V-83

PP

T-83

V-83

V-83

I-83

PP

T-83

PIC

-83

PIC

-83

RH

-83

I-83

I-83

RH

-83

PIC

-83

PIC

-83

I-83

I-83

I-83

PIC

-83

V-83

PP

T-83

PP

T-83

VFS

-83

VFS

-83

PP

S-8

2 PIC

-83

V-83

PP

T-83

VFS

-83

PP

S-8

3 SH

-83

SH

-83

PP

S-8

3

SH

-83

SH

-83

PP

S-8

3P

PS

-83

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

VFS

-83

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PIC

-83

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

M-8

3VFS

-83

LPS

-21

LPS

-21

RH

-83

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

M-8

3

PP

S-8

3

PP

M-8

3

(Ave

rag

e a

nn

ua

l ra

infa

ll 8

57

mm

)

D

DD

DD

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

DD

D

D

D

D

1

2

3

45

6

78

9

1011

1213

14

2118

1716

15

19

20

Fig-

2.1:

A sa

mpl

e gr

ound

wat

er p

rosp

ects

map

per

tain

ing

to p

art o

f Ban

galo

re d

istr

ict o

f Kar

nata

ka sh

owin

g m

ap co

mpo

nent

sN

ote:

Ple

ase

see

the

full

size

map

pas

ted

insi

de th

e ba

ck co

ver

7


2.1 Reference informationThe map is titled as Ground water prospects map 1 . The title is given so, because the map not

only provides information on the potentiality of the aquifer for the occurrence of ground water but also on the ground water prospects and availability of ground water at a given location.

The map is prepared based on the interpretation of satellite data with limited fi eld checks 2 .The input data required for preparing the map is extracted from satellite data using image interpretation techniques in conjunction with ground truth data collected at few representative locations. The input data in turn is integrated using GIS and derived ground water information based on correlation study with existing well observation data.

The ground water prospects map (hard copy) is produced on 1:50,000 scale. It is shown on the map in the form of bar scale 3 .

It helps in measuring the distances between two points. One centimeter on the map is equivalent to 50,000 centimeters i.e. 500 meters / kilometer on the ground.

The map is prepared in such a way that it corresponds to Survey of India toposheet on 1:50, 000 scale in terms of sizes, shapes and distances of objects. The map can be used in conjunction with the toposheet. Hence the map is provided with the toposheet number 4 (for example, Map sheet no. 57 H/9) to which the map corresponds. The number changes from map to map.

The ground area covered by each map is approximately 700 sq km. Administrative point of view, the map area belongs to one or more than one district of one or more than one state. The name of

the district (s) and state (s) to which the map area belongs is given (for example, part of Bangalore District, Karnataka State) at 5 .

The location of the area in terms of its toposheet number and administrative coverage is shown as an Index map at 21 .

Geographical directions of the area covered by mapping is given in terms of 4-directions, North, South, West and East using a symbol 6 .

The map needs to be oriented accordingly for referencing the spatial features on the map with corresponding ground objects.

Capability of the Remote Sensing and GIS technologies for ground water study is unique. The methodology used for preparing the ground water prospects map is innovative. They are developed by National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) / Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Department of Space, Government of India. Hence the map is under copy right of the organization 7 .

Satellite data is the main input for preparing the maps. Ground truth, Existing well observation data and already available maps & literature have also been used for updating and validation of the maps. The details of the satellite images, ground truth and well observation data used for preparing the maps is given at 8 .

SCALE - 1:50,000

Kilometers0 1 2 3 4 51

w

S

N

E

8


Hydrogeology Division of National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO has designed and developed the layout of the ground water prospects map 9 .

Preparation of ground water prospects maps for entire country is a voluminous task. Many activities are involved in the mapping work. Hence the maps are prepared under project mode by a group of organizations, each one taking the responsibility for specifi ed project area. NRSC, State Remote Sensing Centers, State line departments, Universities, private entrepreneurs are involved in preparing the maps. The organization that has prepared the map is given at 10 .

National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) / Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Department of Space, Government of India, Hyderabad has provided technical guidance for preparing all the maps 11 .

Diff erent organizations in diff erent states have contributed their data, expertise and manpower for preparing the maps. Organizations which have contributed are listed at 12 .

National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) / Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Department of Space, Government of India, Hyderabad has provided methodology for preparing all the maps. The same is mentioned at 13 .

The ground water prospects maps are prepared under Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission Project. The organization which has sponsored this project is erstwhile Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India, New Delhi given at 14 .

Ground water prospects Information 15 : The depth and yield ranges of the wells recommended hydrogeomorphic unit - wise are represented with diff erent colours and diff erent hachuring patterns. The yield ranges that are possible belong to nine categories. Similarly the depth ranges that are possible belong to three categories. Any combination of these yield and depth ranges is possible to occur and the numbers of combinations are many. To represent each combination on the map a VIBGYOR colour scheme is used and is given at 15 as fi xed part of the legend.

There are seven colours, i.e. violet to red, used for depicting diff erent yield ranges. However, the orange colour used for depicting 10-30 lpm yield range is further divided into three ranges i.e 10-20, 20-30 and 30-50 and depicted with pink, brown, orange colours respectively on the maps prepared under phase III A, B and IV of the project. Within each yield range, 3 hatchuring patterns are used for depicting the depth range of wells. Thus, a hydrogeomorphic unit showing one of the three hatchuring patterns in a particular colour (from violet to red) indicates the expected yield range and suggested depth range of the wells. For example, a unit with horizontal hatchuring in blue colour indicates that the expected yield range in that unit is 200-400 lpm and the depth range of the well is

9


treated as barriers of ground water and are represented on the map with red colour. However, upstream side of the unit forms as potential locales for ground water occurrence.

Hydrological Information 16 : There are two types of hydrological parameters on which information is provided in the map. First type of parameters includes rainfall, streams, rivers, water bodies, canals, irrigated area, and springs. They indicate recharge condition prevailing in the given area and surface water available for harvesting. Information on these parameters is represented on the map using diff erent symbols.

Information on rainfall is provided in terms of location of rain gauge station and average annual rain fall (in mm) at the station. The location is shown with symbol and rainfall as a value in the form of superscript to the symbol. Information on streams, rivers, water bodies and canals is provided in terms of their spatial occurrence. On the map, the streams are represented as cyan colour line

Run off zones / Barriers (Linear ridges / Dyke ridges / Inselbergs

Prospects limited to valley portions only

(Hills & Plateaus)

10 20 LPM

20 30 LPM

30 50 LPM

50 100 LPM

100 200 LPM

200 400 LPM

400 800 LPM

> 800 LPM

DEEP> 80 M

MODERATE30-80 M

SHALLOW< 30 M

DEPTH RANGE OF WELLS YIELD RANGE OF

WELLSCOLOUR

D

D

15 GROUND WATER PROSPECTS INFORMATION

10


features where as the rivers and the water bodies as cyan color polygon features. However, the perennial part of the rivers and water bodies is shown with solid cyan colour and the ephemeral part is shown with black colour dots. Ordering of the streams into 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th orders can be done by studying the network. When two 1st order streams join, the stream from confl uence down is a 2nd order stream. Similarly two 2nd order streams meet to make the 3rd order stream from their confl uence point downward. Thus similarly 4th, 5th and higher order streams are formed. Information on irrigated area is provided in terms of source water for irrigation i.e. canal/tank irrigated area and ground water irrigated area.

16 HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION

DESCRIPTION SYMBOL

CANAL/TANK IRRIGATED AREA

GROUND WATER IRRIGATED AREA

RAIN GUAGE STATION(With average annual rainfall in mm)

IN LPMYIELD RANGE BORE /

TUBE WELLYIELD RANGE

> 800 LPM

400-800 LPM

200-400 LPM

100-200 LPM

50-100 LPM

10-50 LPM

< 10 LPM

15/70

8/15

8/15

8/15

8/15

8/15

8/15

8/15

3IN m / day

200-400 m / day

100-200 m / day

50-100 m / day

25-50 m / day

5-25 m / day

< 5 m / day

> 400 m / day3

3

3

3

3

3

3

15/70

15/70

15/70

15/70

15/70

15/70

800

DUG WELL/RING WELL

WELLS OBSERVED DURING FIELD VISIT

DUG-CUM-BORE WELL

ARTESIAN WELL

HAND PUMP WELL

OBSERVATION WELLOF G.W DEPT. / C.G.W.B

RECHARGE STRUCTURES SUGGESTED

PERCOLATION TANK

NALA BUND

CHECK DAM

RECHARGE PIT

RECHARGE WELL

DESILTING OF TANK

Colour inside well symbol indicates yield range. The figures on the topright hand side of well indicate the depth to water level and total depthof well in meters.

11


The presence of canal and the canal/tank irrigated area indicate that the given area is getting an additional recharge from the return fl ow where as the presence of ground water irrigated area indicates the status of ground water utilization though a part of the irrigated water recharges the ground water. Information on springs is provided in terms of its location. Springs form where ground water table intersects with surface, hence indicates aquifer condition.

Existing wells, numbering about 80-100 in each map, considered for map preparation can be treated as second type of hydrological parameters. They indicate potentiality of the given aquifer for occurrence of ground water. Information on the sample wells is provided in terms of yield of the well, water level in the well and depth of the well. The sample wells are represented on the map hydrogeomorphic unit wise, using the symbols shown in 16 .

In the symbol, the yield of the well is represented in the form of colour, where as the water level and depth of the well is represented in the form of numerical values separated by / as a superscript to the symbol. The fi rst value pertains to water level and the second value pertains to depth of the well. Both yield and water level values given in the map pertain to the period during which the map is prepared. The period in which the map is prepared is given in the bottom of the map under the

heading data used.

The symbols used for representing diff erent types of recharge structures are provided at 16as part of fi xed legend. Information on types of recharge structures that are suggested in every hydrogeomorphic unit is given in the form of abbreviations in the 13th column of the dynamic legend against the map units.

Structural information 17 : The structural information is represented on the map using diff erent symbols. The symbols are shown as fi xed part of the legend given at 17 . The main structural features that control the occurance and movement of ground water are faults, fractures, joints, dykes, etc. Availability of ground water along fractures and faults is better as compared to its immediate surroundings. The dykes work as a barrier for the fl ow of ground water. Thus in up slope front of a dyke ground water availability is better as compared to the down slope side.

Base map Information 18 : Base map information consists of information on cultural features - i) road network ii) rail connectivity iii) habitations and iv) administrative units. Information pertaining to all these features is provided and represented on the map using diff erent colour symbols. The symbols that are used for indicating various cultural features are provided at 18 as part of fi xed legend for ready reference.

Information on road network includes information on National and State highways and all

metalled roads in the area and approach roads to the habitations. Each category of roads is shown with diff erent line symbols on the map. All the railway lines passing through the area are shown with distinct symbols. Information on habitations is provided in terms of their locations along with names, and the habitations status with respect to drinking water supply. Based on the drinking water supply status the habitations are classifi ed into Not-Covered, Partially-Covered and Normal habitations. Accordingly the information is represented on the map using diff erent symbols. Data pertaining to the status of the habitations with respect to drinking water supply is collected from the concerned state line departments at the time of preparing the maps. As the drinking water supply status of a habitation is a dynamic component, the information provided in the map may not be of permanent use. As far as the information on administrative units is concerned, only the state and district boundaries are shown on the map with line symbols.

12


2.2 Body of the map 19 One corner to another corner, the map covers 15 minutes of latitudes / 15 minutes of longitudes

which is equivalent to approximately 700 sq km ground area. It contains spatial data pertaining to i) cultural features (Base map details), ii) hydrological features and iii) Hydrogeomorphic units occurring within the given 700 sq km area. Hydrogeomorphic units are nothing but aquifers.

17 STRUCTURAL INFORMATION

BEDDINGFOLIATION

SCHISTOSITY/

F F F F

DIPS

FRACTURE / LINEAMENT

(< 15 )

(15 - 45 )

(45 - 80 )

o

o o

o o

GENTLE

STEEP

MODERATE

SYNCLINE / SYNFORM

TREND LINE

ESCARPMENT

ANTICLINE / ANTIFORM

QUARTZ REEF

PEGMATITE

FAULT

(Confirmed / Inferred)

(Confirmed / Inferred)

(Lithologic contacts are inferred at places & Geomorphic boundariesare gradational)

D

Q

P

D

P

Q

D

Q

P

Q

D

P

MINOR MAJOR

LITHOLOGIC / GEOMORPHIC UNITBOUNDARY

( > 80 )o

SUB-VERTICALTO VERTICAL

DYKE (Confirmed / Inferred)

FRACTURE / LINEAMENT

(Iinferred)

13


Cultural features that are required for the purpose of general reference and hydrological features that are relevant to ground water are only considered for the map making. All of them are represented on the map using diff erent symbols. It has already been discussed in the preceding sections about these features and the symbols used for their representation.

Aquifers: There are two types of aquifers - i) Lithology-landform controlled aquifers and ii) Fault/Fracture controlled aquifers. Both the aquifers are shown on the map. The number of aquifers and the area they occupy depends on the hydrogeological heterogeneity existing in the map area.

i) Lithology-landform controlled aquifers: The lithology-landform controlled aquifers normally occupy large area extent. Hence they are represented on the map as polygon-units as shown in fi g-2.2 of the sample map. Each aquifer is identifi ed by an alpha-numerical code, for example VFS-532. In the alpha-numeric code, alpha-code stands for landform (Valley Fill Shallow) and numerical-code stands for lithology (Sandstone of Upper Gondwana Formation) which are controlling the ground water potential in the aquifer. There are 99 types of lithological units and 160 types of landforms in

18 BASE MAP INFORMATION

SYMBOL

RIVER / STREAM

WATER BODY / SPRING

CANAL

NATIONAL HIGHWAY

STATE HIGHWAY

METALLED ROAD

NH - 7

SH - 9

DESCRIPTION

RAILWAY

OTHER ROAD

CITY / VILLAGE

STATE

DISTRICT

PARTIALY COVERED (PC)HABITATIONS: NOT-COVERED (NC)/

BOUNDARY :

OTHER INFORMATION

Average a

ground water prospects maps

Documents