ground water quality assessment of milli watershed area in

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 4 (2016) pp 2620-2624

© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

2620

Ground Water Quality Assessment of Milli Watershed Area in Zaheerabad

M.A. Kalam

Research Scholar from GITAM University, Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India. Associate Professor in DCET, Hyderabad, India.

Dr. M. Ramesh

Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, GITAM University, Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract

Due to rapid increase in the population, Industrialization &

Agriculture the demand of water increasing day by day as a

result surface water & ground water levels decreasing &

demand of good quality of water has become more expensive.

In this paper my study area was considered in which seven

villages comes under Zaheerabad & Kohir mandal, water

samples are collected at the main drinking water supply

schemes like rural water supply points, these se samples have

been tested by government laboratory of Telangana situated at

Narayanguda Hyderabad & test samples were certified by

Chief Water Analyst. Around nine parameters are tested like

pH, Dissolved solids, Total hardness, Fluorides, Chlorides,

etc. Water quality index is calculated by using the above

parameters. GIS software is used to develop the spatial

distribution for different parameters

Key words: GIS & RS, Ground water, Ground water quality,

Zaheerabad Study area map, Medak.

Introduction

Catchments and water sheds have been identified as planning

units for administrative purpose to conserve precision

resources. The concept of watershed management recognizes

the inter-relationship between land-use, soil and water and the

linkage between uplands and downstream areas. Keeping the

ever increasing population, food security is needed and it is

compulsory to develop water and land resources. The

excessive exploitation of natural resources adversely affects

the availability of these resources and causes serious threat to

the existing eco-system.

Water-shed development programme not only protect and

conserve the environment, but also contribute to lively

hood.Integrated watershed concept using is easy, simple and

affordable. Local technologies are used to mitigate droughts

which occur frequently in some places. The basic object is to

increase production and availability of food, fodder and fuel.

Watershed management is an iterative process of integrated

decision making regarding use and modification of land and

water with in the water shed. The ground water studies, GIS is

commonly used for site suitability analysis, estimation of

ground water vulnerability to contamination Through R.S

meticulous information can be obtained by interpreting,

analyzing and monitoring the spatial natural resources. The

information combined with spatial data in G.I.S can prove to

be a versatile tool giving exhaustive information of a

particular area. In present study an attempt was made to

calculate water quality index for Zaheerabad.

Objectives

To Study and analyze characteristics of ground water

quality.

To estimate water quality index in the catchment.

Study Area

The study area lies between 170 31’30’’ and 170 39’ North

latitude area of 65.82 Km2, conventional surveys and satellite

image data interpretation techniques and GIS technology is

used not only to increase results accuracy, but also to reduce

the bias on single theme. The satellite data will give the

outline features which are useful to indicate ground water

presence. Geomorphology, Geology, Structure and climate are

the controlling factors for ground water occurrence,

movement, and storage.

These features are not observed with naked eye but easily find

through remote sensing.GIS can be used for storing

hydrologic data as well as their spatial location.

The study area is situated at a distance of 120 km from

Hyderabad the capital of Telangana. The Study area includes

7 villages in Zaheerabad of Medak district.The soil cover is

well developed and it contains red Color. Normal rainfall

occur in June to September and its average rainfall is 675.8

mm but the rainfall reduced is 438.6 mm with a deficit of

35%.In Medak district there are total 46 mandals out of which

43 mandals fall under deficit. The minimum temperature is

recorded in the month of December as 11oC and maximum

temperature occurs in the month of May as 44oC.

Southwest monsoon create rainfall in the month of June.

Cropping pattern is two seasons Kharif and Rabi.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



2621

Figure 1: Study Area Map

Material and Method DEM is generated for the satellite data, toposheets, slope map,

rainfall data, temperature, etc. Seven samples have been

collected from seven villages with sterile bottle 100ml

capacity for bacteriological analysis, two liters sample was

collected for physical & chemical analysis.

Land Use Land Cover Figure:

Figure 2: Land Use Land Cover

Figure 3: Rainfall Vs Years

Table 1: Monsoon Parameters

Year Pre Monsoon Monsoon Post Monsoon

2001-02 4 623 229

2002-03 19 584.8 82.4

2003-04 22.6 564.4 127.8

2004-05 35.2 759.8 61

2005-06 38 759 58

2006-07 40 761 57

2007-08 37 758 60

2008-09 43 734 80

2009-10 44 702 90

2010-11 29 745 70

2011-12 22 747 31

2012-13 24 742 82

2013-14 26 745 65

Runoff Q= Garde’s Equation

Q= Garde’s Equation

Q = 25.5 Mm3.

Water Quality Analysis:

Table 2: Water Quality Parameters

Parameters Standard Value Pichangad Machveddi palli Khanapur Sajjapur Parsapalle Shaikapur Malchalma

E - Conductivity 300 640 886 710 243 531 1520 510

Dissolved Solid 500 422 585 468 160 350 1003 336

Alkalinity 120 85 305 290 35 225 475 225

Hardness 300 220 425 280 45 205 675 245

Calcium (Ca) 75 54 285 175 8.0 56 148 50

Magnesium (Mg) 30 21 34 30 6.0 16 74 29

Chlorides 250 65 70 250 25 25 200 35

Sulphates 150 20 08 150 14 30 49 20

Water Quality Index - 297 183.4 147.3 70.13 108.4 289.6 95.1



2622

Integrated Ground Water Quality Mapping

Figure 4: Spatial Distribution Map Of Alkalinity

Figure 5: Spatial Distribution Map Of Chlorine

Figure 6: Spatial Distribution Map Of Calcium

Figure 7: Spatial Distribution Map Of Dissolved Solids



2623

Figure 8: Spatial Distribution Map Of Electrical Conductivity

Figure 9: Spatial Distribution Map of Sulphate

Figure 10: Spatial Distribution Map Of Magnesium

Figure 11: Spatial Distribution Map Of Hardness



2624

Figure 12: Spatial Distribution Map Of WQI

Table 3: WQI Vs WQS

Water Quality Index Water Quality Status

0-25 Excellent

26-50 Good

51-75 Poor

76-100 Very Poor

>100 Unsuitable

Conclusions Laboratory analysis & GIS are combined to asses & mapping

of Ground Water Quality. The spatial distribution of pH,

Chlorides, Magnesium, Sulphates, etc. are shown for the study

area. Over all view of water quality index of the present study showed most of the area is >100 & it is unsuitable for

drinking. For Sajjapur & Malchalma are showing very poor in

quality status. Electrical conductivity for all villages is more

than standard values except Sajjapur. Dissolved solids for two

villages Machereddipalli & Shaikapur is grater than standard

value. Alkalinity for Pichagard, Shajjapur is less than standard

value. Hardness in the study area Machereddipally and

Shaikapur are more than standard value.

References

[1] American Public Health Association, Standard method

for examination of water & waste water, 1994 NWDC,

20036.

[2] BIS 10500, IS Drinking Water Specification 1st

revision 1999, pp1-8.

[3] Chandra, DK Hydrology, J. 1999, 7(5), 431-439.

[4] Chow, Handbook of Applied Hydrology, 1964.

[5] Das, Mukharjee, Drainage Morphometric Satellite Data

& GIS, Jouranal of Geological Society of India, 2005.

[6] Eze, E. B. and Efiong, J., 2010. Morphometric

parameters of the Calabar river basin: Implication for

hydrologic processes. Journal of Geography and

Geology,Vol. 2 (1), pp. 18-26. [7] Fryirs, K. A. and Brierley, G. J., 2013.Geomorphic

analysis of river systems: An approach to reading the

landscape. West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell Publication,

pp. 29-62.

[8] Godbole, S. M., Rana, R. S., and Natu, S. R.,

1996.Lava stratigraphy of Deccan basalts of western

Maharashtra. Gondwana Geological Magazine Special

Publication, Vol. 2, pp. 125–134.

[9] Goudie, A. S., 2004. Encyclopedia of Geomorphology.

London: Routledge publication.

[10] Gundekar, H. G., Arya, D. S., and Goel, N. K.,

2011.Morphometric study of Dudhana river basin, Maharashtra. Hydrology Journal, Vol. 34 (1 and 2), pp.

33-41.

[11] Hajam, R. A., Hamid, A., and Bhat, S., 2013.

Application of morphometric analysis for geo-

hydrological studies using geo-spatial technology- A

case study of Vishav drainage basin.Hydrology Current

Research, Vol. 4(3), pp. 1-12.

[12] Harilal CC, Arun, Baji, J.Ecology, Environmental &

Conservation, 2004, 10(2, 187-192).

[13] Horton, R. E., 1945. Erosional development of streams

and their drainage basins.Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology.Bulletin of Geological Society

of America, Vol. 56(3), pp. 275-370.

[14] IITM Indian regional/subdivisional Monthly Rainfall

data set (IITM-IMR).

[15] Joglekar, P. P., Deo, S. G., Balakawade, P.,

Deshpande-Mukherjee, A., Rajaguru, S. N. and

[16]Kulkarni, A. N., 2006-07. A new look at ancient

Pune through salvage archaeology. Bulletin of the

Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute,

Vol. 66-67, pp.211-225.

[17] Kale, V. S., and Gupta, A., 2001. Introduction to

Geomorphology. India: Orient Longman Ltd., pp. 82-101.

[18] Pareta, K., and Pareta, U., 2011. Quantitative

morphometric analysis of a watershed of Yamuna

basin, India using ASTER (DEM) data and

GIS.International journal of Geomatics and

Geosciences, Vol.2 (1), pp. 248-269.

[19] Selvan, M. T., Ahmad, S., and Rashid, S. M., 2011.

Analysis of geomorphometric parameters in high

altitude glacierised terrain using SRTM DEM data in

central Himalaya, India. ARPN Journal of Science and

Technology, Vol. 1(1), pp. 22-27. [20] Strahler, A. N., 1975. Physical Geography (Fourth

Edition). Singapore: John Wiley and Sons., pp. 455.

ground water quality assessment of milli watershed area in

Documents