ground water.docx

8/20/2019 Ground water.docx

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GROUND WATER CONDITION

OF

CENTRAL PROVINCE SRILANKA

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

SOUTH EASTERN UNIVERSITY OF SRILANKA

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TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................... ii

LIST OF TABLES.....................................................................................................................ii

1 INTRODUCTION TO CENTRAL PROVINCE................................................................2

1.1 GENERAL..................................................................................................................2

1.2 CLIMATE....................................................................................................................3

1.2.1 KANDY...............................................................................................................3

1.2.2 MATALE..............................................................................................................4

1.2.3 NUWARA ELIYA................................................................................................4

1.3 GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY...................................................................41.3.1 ROCK TYPES......................................................................................................4

1.3.2 GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES...............................................................................6

1.3.3 TOPOGRAPHY...................................................................................................6

1.3.4 LANDUSE...........................................................................................................7

2 AUIFERS OF CENTRAL PROVINCE..........................................................................!

2.1 TYPES OF AUIFERS WITH RESPECT TO THE REGION..................................!

2.2 REACHARGING POSSIBILITIES............................................................................"

3 WATER UALITY IN CENTRAL PROVINCE.............................................................1#

3.1 UALITY WITH CHEMISTRY..............................................................................1#

3.2 POSSIBLE CONTAMINATIONS............................................................................11

3.3 WATER UALITY AND BORNE DESEASES.......................................................11

CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................13

REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................14

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LIST OF FIGURESFi$%&' 1.1 T(' )*+,-i* */ C'-&,) P&*0i+'..............................................................................2

Fi$%&' 1.2 M,-,)' Di-&i+-..........................................................................................................2

Fi$%&' 1.3 K, Di-&i+-...........................................................................................................2

Fi$%&' 1.4 N%,&,E)i, Di-&i+-................................................................................................2

Fi$%&' 1.5 R*+ +*8)'9 i S&i L,,......................................................................................4

Fi$%&' 1.6 G'*)*$i+,) S-&%+-%&' i S&i L,,...........................................................................6

Fi$%&' 2.1 Ii' */ R*-%8i(i)), Hi&i$,) C,0'............................................................................"

Fi$%&' 2.2 R*-%8i(i)), Hi&i$,) C,0' E-&,+'............................................................................"

Fi$%&' 2.3 C,&:*,-' &*+ i R*-%8i(i)), Hi&i$,) C,0'............................................................"Fi$%&' 3.1 G&*% ,-'& (,&' )'0') i S&i L,,..............................................................11

LIST OF TABLEST,:)' 1.1 G''&,) '-,i) ,:*%- ',+( Di-&i+-...........................................................................3

T,:)' 3.1 G&*%,-'& %,)i- i K, ;M,9i% O:'&0' V,)%'<................................1#

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INTRODUCTION

T('&' ,&' i9 ,i -8' */ $&*%,-'& ,=%i/'& (,0' :'' i'-i/i' , +(,&,+-'&i>' i

S&i L,,. T('' i9 -8' */ ,=%i/'& ,&'?

1. S(,))* K,&-i+ A=%i/'& */ @,//, P'i%),

2. D''8 C*/i' A=%i/'&

3. C*,-,) S, A=%i/'&

4. A))%0i,) A=%i/'&

5. S(,))* R'$*)i-( A=%i/'& */ -(' H,& R*+ R'$i*

6. S*%-( W'-'& L,-'&i-i+ ;C,:**< A=%i/'&

B%- -('&' i +*i'&' $&*% ,-'& +*i-i* i +'-&,) 8&*0i+' *). C'-&,) 8&*0i+' i

+*i- */ -(&'' ,*& i-&i+- i+)%i$ K,? N%,&, E)i,? M,-,)'. T('&' ,&' -(&'' ,i

-*8i+ (i+( i+%' %'& -(i &'8*&-.

D'-,i) * $''&,)? +)i,-' +*i-i*? $'*)*$? $'**&8(*)*$ , ), %' ,&' i+)%' i

i-&*%+-i* -* C'-&,) P&*0i+' '+-i*. K*)'$' ,:*%- P&*0i+' , Di-&i+- ,&' $i0'

-(&*%$( ,8 %'& $''&,) '+-i*. A%,) &,i/,))? &,i ',* , ,%,) -'8'&,-%&'

,&' i+)%' i +)i,-'. I-'&i*& +*i-i* */ &')'0,- ,&', i 8&''-' %'& $'*)*$ ,

$'**&8(*)*$ i '-,i)i$ ,:*%- &*+ -8'? -&%+-%&' , -*8*$&,8(. A ,)* %,$' */

), : , , ,-%&' i i+)%' %'& ), %'. T(i '+-i* i $i0' $''&,) 8&*/i)' -*

'-'& -(' $&*% ,-'& */ -(' +*i'&' ,&',.

T('&' ,&' '-,i) * ,=%i/'& +, 8*i:)' i +*i'&' ,&', i i+%' %'& '+* -*8i+?

A=%i/'& */ C'-&,) P&*0i+'. M,*& ,=%i/'& i ,&', i +,-'$*&i>' * ,i +(,&,+-'&i-i+ */

-(' &'$i* * -(i '+-i*. A -(' 8*i:i)i-i' /*& &'+(,&$i$ -('' ,=%i/'& ,)* i i+)%'.

C*i-i* */ $&*% ,-'& i i+%' %'& W,-'& =%,)i-. T(' =%,)i- */ ,-'& i i+)%'

%'& %,)i- i-( +('i-& '+-i*. T(i '+-i* i ,i) /*+%' ,++*&i$ -*

$'*+('i+,) ,-,. H* ,//'+- -(' ,-'& =%,)i- %' -* (%, ,+-i0i-i' i i+%' %'&

8*i:)' +*-,i,-i*. P*i:)' +*-,i,-i* ,&' i//'&'+' i-( ',+( *-('& */

+*i'&' Di-&i+-. G&*% ,-'& 8*))%-i* ,)* +, :' '-'&i' * -(i -*8i+. T(' -('

+(,$' */ ,-'& =%,)i- , 8*i:)' ,-'& :*&' i',' ,&' i+)%'. A i', ,:*%- ,-%&'

*/ $&*% ,-'&? $&*% ,-'& 8*))%-i* , -(' i',' %' -* 8*))%-i* *& ,-%&' i $i0'

%'& -(i '+-i*.

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Figure . The location of Central Province

Figure . Matale DistrictFigure . Kandy District

Figure . Nuwaraliya District

1 INTRODUCTION TO CENTRAL PROVINCE

1.1 GENERAL

T,:)' 1.1 G''&,) '-,i) ,:*%- ',+( Di-&i+-

KANDY MATALE NUWARA ELIYA

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AREA ;TOTAL< 2!.53 2

;11.#2 = i<

1?""3 2

;77# = i<

13 2

;5 = i<

ELEVATION 5##

;1?6## /-<

364

;1?1"4 /-<

1?!6!

;6?12! /-<

POPULATION

;2#11<TOTAL

125?4## 36?462 ;M%i+i8,)i-< 27?5##

POPULATION

;2#11<DENSITY

4?5"12

;11?!"#= i<

4?2##2

;11?###= i<

3?1"72

;!?2!#= i<

T('&' ,&'? )*+,-i* */ +'-&,) 8&*0i+' ;Fi$. 1.1<? ,8 */ K, Di-&i+- ;Fi$. 1.2<? ,8 */

M,-,)' Di-&i+- ;Fi$. 1.3< , ,8 */ N%,&, E)i, Di-&i+- ;Fi$. 1.4< &'8&''-' -(' ,:*0'.

A ,)* ;T,:)' 1.1< i &'8&''-' -(' $''&,) '-,i) ,:*%- ',+( Di-&i+-.

1.2 CLIMATE

T(' +)i,-' i +**)? , , ,&', ,:*%- 15## '-&' */-' (,0' +(i)) i$(-. T(' '-'&

)*8' ,&' 0'& '-? *' 8),+' (,0i$ ,)*- 7### */ &,i 8'& ',&. T(' ',-'& )*8'

,&' 8,&- */ -(' i& >*' , i- i &'+'i0i$ &,i *) /&* N*&-(E,-'& ***. T('

T'8'&,-%&' &,$' /&* 24C i K, -* %- 16C i N%,&, E)i,? (i+( i )*+,-'

1?!!" ,:*0' ', )'0'). T(' (i$('- *%-,i i S&i L,, ,&' )*+,-' i -(' C'-&,)

P&*0i+'. T(' -'&&,i i *-) *%-,i*%? i-( ''8 0,))' +%--i$ i-* i-. T(' -* ,i

*%-,i &'$i* ,&' -(' +'-&,) ,i/ , -(' K%+)' &,$' -* -(' ',- */ K,.

1.2.1 KANDY

I K88'G'i$'& +)i,-' +),i/i+,-i* -'? i- +)i,-' i -&*8i+,) &,i/*&'- ;A/<.! Wi-(

K, )*+,-' i -(' +'-&,) */ -(' i), , i , (i$( ')'0,-i*? -(' +i- (, , &'),-i0')

'--'& , +**)'& -'8'&,-%&' -(, -(,- */ -(' -&*8i+,) +)i,-' */ -(' &'- */ -(' +*%-&?

'8'+i,)) -(' +*,-,) &'$i*. T(' +i- (, i- & ',* /&* D'+':'& -(&*%$( -* A8&i). "

F&* M, -(&*%$( -* @%) , D'+':'& -* @,%,& -(' &'$i* '98'&i'+' i- ***

',*? %&i$ -(i -i' -(' ',-('& i &*%$( , %-,:)'.

1.2.2 MATALE

M,-,)' +)i,-' i +),i/i' , -&*8i+,). M,-,)' i , +i- i-( , i$i/i+,- &,i/,)). E0' i

-(' &i'- *-( -('&' i , )*- */ &,i. T(i +)i,-' i +*i'&' -* :' A/ ,++*&i$ -* -('K88'G'i$'& +)i,-' +),i/i+,-i*. I M,-,)'? -(' ,0'&,$' ,%,) -'8'&,-%&' i 25.3 C.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_climate_classification_system


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandy#cite_note-Climate-Data.org-8


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Sri_Lanka

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandy#cite_note-9


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Sri_Lanka

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandy#cite_note-9



Figure . "oc# co$%le& in 'ri (an#a

T(' ,0'&,$' ,%,) &,i/,)) i 1!6# . F&* M, -(&*%$( -* @%) , D'+':'& -* @,%,&

-(' &'$i* $'- (i$( &,i/,)) %' -* i- *** ',*. 1

1.2.3 NUWARA ELIYA

T(' +)i,-' ('&' i i)? , $''&,)) ,& , -'8'&,-'. T(' &,i/,)) i N%,&, E)i, i

i$i/i+,-? i-( 8&'+i8i-,-i* '0' %&i$ -(' &i'- *-(. A++*&i$ -* K88' , G'i$'&?

-(i +)i,-' i +),i/i' , C/:. T(' ,0'&,$' ,%,) -'8'&,-%&' i N%,&, E)i, i 16.3 C.

T(' &,i/,)) ('&' ,0'&,$' 2#5# . T(' *-( @,%,&? F':&%,&? M,&+(? A8&i) , M,

(,0' , i+' ,0'&,$' -'8'&,-%&'. M*- &,i/,)) ;&,i ',*< i '' i @,%,&? A8&i)? M,?

@%'? @%)? A%$%-? S'8-':'&? O+-*:'&? N*0':'& , D'+':'&. H',0i'& &,i/,)) +, :'

'' %&i$ :*-( *** 8'&i*. O ,0'&,$'? A8&i) i -(' ,&'- *-(? A%$%- i -('

+**)'-? O+-*:'& i -(' '--'- *-( , M,&+( i -(' &i'- *-(.

1.3 GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

1.3.1 ROCK TYPES

A++*&i$ -* -(' ,8 */ &*+ +*8)'9 i S&i L,, ;Fi$. 1.5<? C'-&,) 8&*0i+' +, :'

+*i'&' , i Hi$(), C*)'9. A ,)* K,%$,,, C*8)'9 ;KC< i ,)* i+)%' ,

, %: +*8)'9.

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ground-waterdocx 8/17Figure . *eological 'tructures in 'ri (an#a

I Hi$(), C*8)'9? i-'&'i,-' $&,%)i-' i+)%' +(,&*+i-i+ $'i' , (*&:)''

, :i*-i-' :',&i$ '-,$&,i-*i. U%,))? +(,&*+i-i+ $'i' (,0' , +(,&,+-'&i-i+

$&',J )%-&' *& ,88',&,+' i (, 8'+i'? '9(i:i-i$ ', $'ii+ /*)i,-i*. I

+*-&,-? '-,$&,i-*i (* , 8&'/'&&' *&i'-,-i* */ i'&,) %+( , (*&:)''? :i*-i-'

, &i::* =%,&->. A)*? -(i &*+ (* , -&*$ )i',-i* '/i' : $&,8(i-'. M, =%,&->

$&,i ,&' (i$() -&'-+(' , (* %:$&,i :*%,&i'. I :*-( &*+ -8'? 8),$i*+),'

*++%& , 8*&8(&*:),-? i+)%i* i $,&'- , +*&*,' * $,&'-. G''&,))? 8),$i*+),'

(* ,):i-' -ii$ , i+)%' /i' =%,&-> $&,i. K/')8,& , =%,&-> *++%& i '9+' i

:*-( )i-(*)*$i'. A8(i:*)' *++%& *) i '-,$&,i-*i? , 8*&8(&*:),- ,i)

,*+i,-' i-( 8*&8(&*:),-i+ -i-,i-'. C(,&*+i-i+ $'i' (* &'-&*$&,' ,)-'&,-i*

8&*%+- */ $&''+(i- /,+i' %+( , +()*&i-' , +,)+i-'. 2

P')i-i+ $'i' i -(' K,%$,,, C*8)'9 +*i- */ =%,&->? K/')8,&? 8),$i*+),'? ,

:i*-i-' i-( ,++'*& i'&,) %+( , M%+*0i-'? R%-i)'? I)'i-'? , i&+*. G,&'- i

&,&') /*% , *++%& , 8*&8(&*:),- %8 -* 5 i-( i+)%i* */ Bi*-i-'.

T(' ,i $'*)*$i+,) /',-%&' */ K, Ci- , i- %&&*%i$ ,&', i , :, */ ,&:)' *'

i)*'-'& -(i+. T(i :, i +),i/i' , +*,&' +&-,))i' ,i) ,' %8 */ +,)+i-'.

C,)+i)i+,-' $'i i-&%' , :, i-(i -(' (*- ,&:)' i+)%i$ +,8*)i-' , 8i') ,

,i-i*,) i'&,). C*))'+-i0') -('' -* &*+ -8' $i0' &i' -* &':&* *0'&:%&'

),-**)i+ *i) -(,- * ,0'&,$' &,$' i -(i+' /&* *' -* -(&'' '-'&. T(' ,*& :'&*+

-8' ,0,i),:)' i-(i -(' K, -% ,&', ,&' %,&i>' , 8'&+'-,$' i :')*. T('

,i &*+ -8' i'-i/i' i Bi*-i-' G'i? (i+( +*0'& ,)*- (,)/ -(' ,&',. H*&:)''

:i*-i-' $'i? +(,&*+i-i+ $'i? $,&'- :i*-i-' $'i , $&,i-i+ $'i ,&' ,)* 8&''- i

+*i'&,:)' 8'&+'-,$'. Bi*-i-' G'i4" H*&:)'' B*i-i-' G'i14 C(,&*i-i+

G'i1# G,&'- Bi*-i-' G'i6 G&,i-i+ G'i7 O-('&14

1.3.2 GEOLOGIC

STRUCTURES

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F&,+-i*,) /,%)- i C'-&,) P&*0i+' ,&' *&' )*+,-' i K, Di-&i+-. T('&' +, :'

*:-,i' i-'&'+-i* 8*i- ,)*. T('&'/*&' *- 8&*:,:) ,-%&,) 8&i$ +, :' /*% *%- i

K,N%,&, E)i, &'$i*. B%- %' /*&i$ 8&i$ i &,i ',* +, :' *:-,i' i

M,-,)' Di-&i+- %' -* -(' %'&$&*% &*+ -8' ;*-) +&-,))i' )i'-*'< */ -(i ,&',.

A ,)* -('' -8' */ 8&i$ +, :' /*% i H,$%&,'-(, ;N%,&, E)i, Di-&i+-<.

1.3.3 TOPOGRAPHY

C'-&,) P&*0i+' i )*+,-' i (i)) +*%-&. C'-&,) 8&*0i+' i +*i- */ -(&'' ,*& i-&i+-

i+)%i$ K,? N%,&, E)i,? M,-,)'. T(' ')'0,-i* i -(' 8&*0i+' &,$' /&* 6## /''-

-* *0'& 6### /''- ,:*0' ', )'0') i -(' +'-&,) (i)). T(' 8&*0i+' i :*&'&' : -(' N*&-(

C'-&,) P&*0i+' /&* -(' *&-(? -(' M,(,')i Ri0'& , U, O, /&* -(' ',-? -* -('

*%-(? /&* -(' *%-,i &,$' */ A, 8',? Ki&i$,)8*--(, , T(*-,8,),? , /&* -('

'-? -(' *%-,i &,$' D*)*:,$' , G,),$''&,. M*- +** 8'+i,) -*8*$&,8(i+

/',-%&' /*& -(i ,&', ,&' *%-,i*%-,i &,$'? ,-'&/,)) , 8&i$ /*& 8*8%),& &i0'&.

T('&' ,&' ,)* *' ,'-i+ /',- */ ,-%&' -* '98)*&'? ,') W*&) E i N%,&, E)i,

Di-&i+-. W*&) E i )*+,-' i -(' H*&-* P),i? (i+( i , &*))i$ (i$(), -'&&,i */

$&,), i-'&8'&' i-( /*&'- , %%%,) (i$(,)-i-%' 0'$'-,-i*. T(' 8),i &',+( *0'&

2### '-'& (i$( i-( -(' *%-,i */ Ki&i$,)8*--, , T*-,8*), )**i$ %8 /&* -(' '$'

*/ -(' 8),-',%. A ,)* -('&' ,&' )*- */ *- 8*8%),& *%-,i*%-,i &,$' i -(i

8&*0i+' %+( ,? K%+)'? H,-,,? Pi%&%-,),$,),? Ri0'&-*'? H%,$i&i, '-+.

D,i'? A:'&''? R,-(,? H%)%$,$,? A%8ii? G,),:*,? , K%&%% *, ,-'&/,)) ,&'

*- 8*8%),&. S-,&-i$ 8&i$ */ *- &i0'& %+( , M,(,')i? K'),i? D'%&% '-+ ,&'

)*+,-' i C'-&,) P&*0i+'. K, i , 8),-',% i -(' +'-&,) *%-,i*% &'$i* , )i' 5##

-* 7## ,:*0' ', )'0'). T(' -'&&,i i -(' K, Ci- ,&', *' *- +*-,i , -''8?

8)%$i$ )*8' '9+'8- i -(' %&&*%i$ *%-,i. T(' -*8*$&,8( i -(i 8),-',% +*i-

*/ %%),-i$ 8),i i-( (i))*+ /*&' : -(' &,i,$' 8,-(. 1

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https://www.lanka.com/about/attractions/horton-plains/

https://www.lanka.com/about/attractions/horton-plains/



1.3.4 LANDUSE

T('&' ,&' -',? &%::'&? 0'$'-,:)' , 8i+' +%)-i0,-i* , (*' $,&' i C'-&,) P&*0i+'.

T', +%)-i0,-i* i i') i-&i:%-i* i M,-,)' , N%,&, E)i, Di-&i+-. N%,&, E)i, i

*- 8*8%),& /*& /&%i-? /)*'& , 0'$'-,:)' +%)-i0,-i* ,)*. R%::'& +%)-i0,-i* +, :'

*:-,i' i M,-,)' Di-&i+-.

K, i , ,*& '+**i+ +i- i S&i L,,. P,))'')' I%-&i,) *' i ,)* )*+,-' i

K, Di-&i+-. T('&'/*&' )*- */ /,+-*&i' +, :' /*% i -(i ,&',. T('&' i (i$('& :%i)i$

8*8%),-i* i K, Di-&i+-. B%- :%i)i$ 8*8%),-i* */ *-('& -* Di-&i+- ,&' %'&i+,))

)' -(, K,.

Kand! T(' ,*& ), %' +(,$' *:'&0' i K, '&' i /*&'- +*0'&? :%i)-%8 ,&',

, *'-i+ $,&'. F*&'- +*0'& i+&',' *0'& 1## %&i$ -(' 'i$(- ',& /&* 1"!! -*

1""6. T(i i+&',' &'8),+' -(' *'-i+ $,&' , ,$&i+%)-%&,) ),. T(' +(,$' i :%i)-

%8 ,&', , *) 4!.2. H*'0'&? i :*-( -('' -% ,&',? , i$i/i+,- &'%+-i* ,

*:'&0' i-( &'8'+- -* -(' +&*88i$ i-'i- */ 8,i'? (i+( +*0'& ',&) 2# */ -('

-*-,) ), ,&',. T(i +(,$' i *- +)',&) &'/)'+-' i -(' ), %' ,8. P, +%)-i0,-i* i

-(' ),- '+,' (, &*88' +*8,&' -* -(' ),-' 1"7#? , -(i , %:-,-i,)) &'-&i+- -('

,*%- */ i&&i$,-i* ,-'& i -(' 8, /i')? -('&': &'%+i$ -(' %:%&/,+' /)* ,

&'+(,&$'? (i+( i -%& i/)%'+' -(' $&*%,-'& &'*%&+' i -(' ,&',. 4

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2 A"UIFERS OF CENTRAL PROVINCE

2.1 TYPES OF A"UIFERS WITH RESPECT TO THE REGION

There are si& $ain ty%e of groundwater auifers de$arcated and

identi/ed in 'ri (an#a. They are0

1. 'hallow #arstic auifers2. Coastal sand auifers!. Dee% con/ned auifers). (ateritic caoo#3 auifers+. 4lluvial auifers,. 'hallow regolith auifers in the hard roc# region.

T('&' ,&' ,i) M'-,*&8(i+ &*+ *&i$i,-' i K, , N%,&, E)i, Di-&i+-.

*roundwater in Kandy e&ists $ostly in the for$ of se$icon/ned auifers

in the /rst 155 $ of the edroc#. This groundwater e&its oth as s$all

%oc#ets of underground reservoirs and as /ssure groundwater. T(' ,-'&

=%,)i- i *- (i$( i -(i &'$i*. N,-%&,) 8&i$ i-( (i$( =%,)i/i' ,-'& ,&' (i$()

i-&i:%-'. M,i &i0'& i S&i L,, ,&' ,)* -,&-' %' -* -('' -8' */ ,-%&,) 8&i$.

A++*&i$ -* -(' /&,+-%&' 8,--'& */ -(i ,&', +, :' ,%' -(,- ,=%i/'& ,&' '0')*8' *

'+*,& 8*&*i-. Wi-( +*i'&i$ -('' /,+-*&? +&-,))i' -'&&,i +, :' ,i -8' */

,=%i/'& i -('' -* Di-&i+-. A ,)* ,&-'i, ,=%i/'& ,&' +** %' -* ,-%&,) 8&i$.

B%- *' &'$i* %+( , H,$%&,'-(, (, ), =%,)i/i' ,-'& , ,' , M,-,)' Di-&i+-.

A ,)* +** /',-%&' i? %' 8&i$ ,&' +&',-' , ),)i' ,&' *++%&&' %&i$

-(' &,i ',*. A ,)* -('&' i +,&:*,-' &*+ ,)* +**. T('&'/*&' -('&' +, :'

+,&:*,-' ,=%i/'&.

R*-%8i(i)), Hi&i$,) C,0' i , '9,8)' /*& +,&:*,-' &*+ &'8&''-,-i* i H,$%&,'-(,

,&', ;Fi$. 2.1? Fi$. 2.2 , Fi$. 2.3<. T('&' ,&' -,),$i-' , -,),+-i-' ;Fi$. 2.2< i +,0' %'

-* +*-i%*% i*)%-i* */ +,&:*,-' &*+ i ,-%&,-' >*'. 4

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Figure . 7nside of "otu%ihilla 8irigal CaveFigure .1 "otu%ihilla 8irigal Cave ntrance

Figure .! Caronate roc#s in "otu%ihilla 8irigal Cave

2.2 REACHARGING POSSIBILITIES

T(' ,i 8*i:i)i- */ &'+(,&$i$ i &,i /&* ***. A=%i/'& i -(i &'$i* i ,*&)

&'+(,&$i$ : /)*i$ &,i ,-'& -(&*%$( /&,+-%&' ,/-'& i/i)-&,-' -* -(' %'&$&*%.

I K, &'$i*? the yields of these auifers are not very well #nown and are

li$ited as they recharge very slowly. 7n addition0 there e&ists high9yielding

groundwater resources along the alluvial :ood %lains of Mahaweli "iver

that are $ostly recharged y the river water.

Page | ;



3 WATER "UALITY IN CENTRAL PROVINCE

3.1 "UALITY WITH CHEMISTRY

T(' =%,)i- */ -(' ,-'& */ -(i &'$i* i (i$('& -(, *-('& &'$i* %' -* -(' ,=%i/'& i K,

, N%,&, E)i, Di-&i+-. B%- i M,-,)' Di-&i+- ,-'& =%,)i- i )'. T(' (,&' */ -('

,-'& */ M,-,)' Di-&i+- i (i$( %' -* i*)%-i* */ ,)- ;,i) C,<.

KANDY T('&' i ,)*- * +*-i%*% $&*%,-'& =%,)i- *i-*&i$ *' i K,

'i-('&. B%-? , -('&' ,&' , :*&'(*)' ')) +*-&%+-' i -(' %:%&:, ,&', i K,?

:,' * -(' =%,)i- ',%&''- -,' i -('' )*+,-i* %&i$ +*-&%+-i*? T,:)' 3.1

:')* %,&i>' -(' $&*%,-'& =%,)i- i -(' %:%&:, ,&',. A++*&i$ -(i ,-,?

(,&'? i&* , i-&i-' ,&' */ +*+'& i *' )*+,-i* i *%-('&? '-'& , ',-'&

&'$i*. H,&' , (i$( , 1?125 $) i *:'&0'. F%&-('&? -*-,) i&* +*+'-&,-i* */ 1!

$)? i-&i-' 12! $) , S%)8(,-' */ 5## $) i *:'&0'. A *-,:)' 8*i- i-( -(''

&'%)- i -(,- -(' $&*%,-'& =%,)i- i -(' *&-('& ,&', i /*% -* :' 0'& $**. I

,i-i* -* -(' ,:*0' ,-'& =%,)i- ',%&''-? -('&' (,0' :'' , /' =%,)i-

',%&''- -,' /*& (,))* $&*%,-'& ')) *0'& -(' ),- /' ',&. A)-(*%$( -('

(,0' *- :'' -'-' ,- &'$%),& i-'&0,) *& ,- &'$%),& )*+,-i*? *' -&' +, :' *:'&0'

i-( -('' ',%&''-. G''&,))? *- */ -('' =%,)i- -'- ,&' ,' * &'=%'- , /*&

*' */ -(' :*&'(*)' %' /*& +*%i- 8i8' ,-'& %88) +(''. T(i *i-*&i$

(* -(,- -(' ,i =%,)i- +*+'& i -(' (,))* $&*%,-'& i +*-,i,-i* %' -*

+*)i/*&.

T,:)' 3.2 G&*%,-'& %,)i- i K, ;M,9i% O:'&0' V,)%'<

Pa#a$%&%# EC

'M()*+,

$

-H T

I#)n

'$/+

0

S0-(a&

%

'$/+0

Ha#dn%*

*

'$/+0

N&#&

%

'$/+0

Mn

'$/+0

F

'$/+0

P

'$/+0

E,- 2?1"# 4.6

7."

15.2 5## 1#"6 12! 1.5 #."

N*&-( 7"# 5.!

7.5

4.! 5# 1"7 3.5 #.5 #.65 #.2

S*%-( 7#5 5.6

!.5

1! #.5 1125 4! 4.4

Page | 15



A++*&i$ -* -(' ,:*0' ,8? -('&' i * ,-'& :*&' i',' i +*i'&,:)' )'0'). B%- -('&'

+, :' i' i',' i M,-,)' Di-&i+- , H,$%&,'-(, ,&', %' -* C, +*-,i,-i*.

A ,)* +,+'& +, :' *:-,i' (i$() i N%,&, E)i, Di-&i+- %' -* 8'-i+i' (i+( %'

/*& /,& ),.

Page | 12



CONCLUSION

A++*&i$ -(' ,:*0' '-,i)? -(' $''&,) +(,&,+-'&i-i+ */ -('' -(&'' Di-&i+- ,&' ,'. B%-

-(' (,0' i//'&'+' /',-%&' * %'&$&*%. T('&'/*&' -(' $&*% ,-'& ,=%i/'& ,&'

+(,$' &'$i*,)). A++*&i$ -* -(' +*-,i,-i*? ,-'& i ,//'+-' *- i//'& , i

+*i'&' Di-&i+-.

Page | 1!

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