groundwater conditions and studies in the albany area of dougherty county, georgia, 2008 ·...

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 2009–1244

Prepared in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission

Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008

Cover. Cultivated field of gossypium species (cotton), near Bermuda, Dougherty County, Georgia. Photo by Alan M. Cressler, U.S. Geological Survey.


By Debbie Warner Gordon

Prepared in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission

Open-File Report 2009–1244

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

U.S. Department of the InteriorKEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological SurveySuzette M. Kimball, Acting Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009

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Suggested citation:Gordon, D.W., 2009, Groundwater conditions and studies in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009 –1244, 54 p.

iii

Contents

Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission Cooperative Water Program....................................1Related Studies .....................................................................................................................................2Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3Well- and Stream-Numbering Systems ............................................................................................3

Groundwater Conditions ...............................................................................................................................3Factors Influencing Groundwater Levels .........................................................................................3

Precipitation..................................................................................................................................4Groundwater Pumpage ...............................................................................................................5Streamflow ...................................................................................................................................6

Groundwater Levels ............................................................................................................................7Surficial Aquifer ..........................................................................................................................8Upper Floridan Aquifer ...............................................................................................................8Claiborne Aquifer .........................................................................................................................8Clayton and Providence Aquifers .............................................................................................8

Sinkhole Development .........................................................................................................................8Groundwater Quality of the Upper Floridan Aquifer .....................................................................11

Groundwater Studies ..................................................................................................................................15Reports and Technical Presentations ......................................................................................................16Summary .......................................................................................................................................................16Selected References ...................................................................................................................................17Appendix A. Groundwater-Level Hydrographs and Statistics for Continuously

Monitored Recorder Wells and Wells Measured Periodically for 2008 and Period of Record in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia.................................19

Appendix B. Water-Quality Data from the Albany, Dougherty County Area, Georgia, November 2008 ...............................................................................................................49

iv

Figures 1. Map showing monitoring wells and streamgages in the Albany area of

Dougherty County, Georgia .........................................................................................................2 2. Graphs showing total daily precipitation data and cumulative departure

from normal for January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008 ..............................................4 3. Pie diagrams showing water-use data from 1980 through 2007 ...........................................5 4–5. Graphs showing daily mean gage height for the— 4. Flint River at Albany, Georgia (02352500), 2008 ...............................................................6 5. Chickasawhatchee Creek near Leary, Georgia (02354410), 2008 ................................6 6–7. Maps showing— 6. Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area,

Dougherty County, Georgia, November 3 –10, 2008 ........................................................9 7. Albany well field showing sinkhole locations ...............................................................10 8. Graphs showing water levels in well 12L277 and number of sinkholes that

developed in the Albany well field during 2006 through 2008 .............................................10 9. Map showing nitrate concentrations at selected groundwater and

surface water sites in the Albany area, Georgia, November 2008 .....................................11 10. Graph showing nitrate concentrations at selected groundwater wells

and the Flint River, September 1998 – November 2008 ..........................................................13 11. Trilinear diagram showing water quality of the Upper Floridan aquifer

and the Flint River at Albany, Georgia, November 2008 .......................................................14 12–13. Maps showing— 12. Simulated flow paths from a groundwater-flow model

calibrated to October 1999 conditions ...........................................................................15 13. Location of regional groundwater-flow model and

Albany well-field flow model ...........................................................................................16

v

A–1 to A–2. Graphs showing periodic water levels in— A–1. Well 12L371, surficial aquifer, 2003–2008 .......................................................................20 A–2. Well 12L376, surficial aquifer, 2002–2008 .......................................................................21 A–3 to A–20. Graphs showing periodic and daily mean water levels in— A–3. Well 11K003, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1979–2008 ..........................................................22 A–4. Qell 12K014, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008 ............................................................23 A–5. Well 12K141, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1997–2008 ..........................................................24 A–6. Well 12K180, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2003–2008 ..........................................................25 A–7. Well 12L029, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1983–2008 ...........................................................26 A–8. Well 12L030, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1985–2008 ...........................................................27 A–9. Well 12L277, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1998–2008 ...........................................................28 A–10. Well 12L370, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2000–2008 ...........................................................29 A–11. Well 12L372, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2000–2008 ...........................................................30 A–12. Well 12L373, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2003–2008 ...........................................................31 A–13. Well 12M017, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008 .........................................................32 A–14. Well 13K014, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008 ..........................................................33 A–15. Well 13L012, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1977–2008 ...........................................................34 A–16. Well 13L049, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1985–2008 ...........................................................35 A–17. Well 13L180, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1996–2008 ...........................................................36 A–18. Well 12L019, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008 ....................................................................37 A–19. Well 13L011, Claiborne aquifer, 1977–2008 ....................................................................38 A–20. Well 13L015, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008 ....................................................................39

A–21 to A–22. Graphs showing periodic water levels in— A–21. Well 11K002, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008 ....................................................................40 A–22. Well 11L001, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008 ....................................................................41 A–23 to A–29. Graphs showing periodic and daily mean water levels in— A–23. Well 11K005, Clayton aquifer, 1979–2008 .......................................................................42 A–24. Well 11L002, Clayton aquifer, 1973–2008 ........................................................................43 A–25. Well 12L020, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008 ........................................................................44 A–26. Well 12M002, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008 ......................................................................45 A–27. Well 13L002, Clayton aquifer, 1957–2008 ........................................................................46 A–28. Well 13L013, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008 ........................................................................47 A–29. Well 12L021, Cretaceous aquifer system, 1978–2008 ...................................................48

vi

Tables 1. Recorder wells in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia ......................................7 2. Nitrate data from selected wells in the Albany area of Dougherty County,

Georgia, 1998–2008 .....................................................................................................................12 B–1. Site information for water-quality data from the Albany area of

Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008 ..................................................50 B–2. Field parameters for water-quality samples from the Albany area of

Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008 ...................................................51 B–3. Major cations and anions from the Albany area of Dougherty County,

Georgia, October and November 2008 ....................................................................................52 B–4. Nutrients and biological data from the Albany area of Dougherty County,

Georgia, October and November 2008 ....................................................................................53

Conversion Factors and Datums

Multiply By To obtain

Lengthinch 2.54 centimeter.(cm)foot.(ft) 0.3048 meter.(m)mile.(mi) 1.609 kilometer.(km)

Flow Ratemillion.gallons.per.day.(Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic.meter.per.second.(m3/s)

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), except where indicated otherwise.

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm at 25 °C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) and in micrograms per liter (µg/L).

AcknowledgmentsThe.author.appreciates.the.technical.feedback,.guidance,.and.data.provided.by.staff.of..the.Albany.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission,.including.Keith.Goodin,.Lee.Daniel,..Gary.Morfield,.and.Jim.Stolze..

Several.U.S..Geological.Survey.employees.assisted.in.this.project..Appreciation.is..extended.to.Dorothy.F..Payne.for.consultation.and.advice.during.groundwater.model..development.and.to.Jaime.A..Painter.for.Geographic.Information.System.applications.


By Debbie Warner Gordon

Abstract The.U.S..Geological.Survey.has.been.working.

cooperatively.with.the.Albany.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission.to.monitor.groundwater.quality.and.availability.since.1977..This.report.presents.an.overview.of.groundwater.conditions.and.studies.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.Georgia,.during.2008..Historical.data.also.are.presented.for.comparison.with.2008.data..Ongoing.monitoring.activities.include.continuous.water-level.recording.in.24.wells.and.periodic.water-level.measurements.in.5.wells..During.2008,.water.levels.in.10.of.the.continuous-recording.wells.were.below.normal,.corresponding.to.lower.than.average.rainfall..Groundwater.samples.collected.from.25.wells.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.indicate.that.nitrate.levels.during.2008.were.similar.to.values.from.2007,.with.a.maximum.of.12.5.milligrams.per.liter.at.one.well..

Water.samples.collected.from.the.Flint.River.and.wells..at.the.Albany.well.field.were.analyzed.and.plotted.on.a.trilin-ear.diagram.to.show.the.percent.composition.of.selected.major.cations.and.anions..Groundwater.constituents.(major.cations.and.anions).of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.at.the.Albany.well.field.remain.distinctly.different.from.those.in.the.water..of.the.Flint.River.

To.improve.the.understanding.of.the.groundwater-flow.system.and.nitrate.movement.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.the.U.S..Geological.Survey.is.developing.a.groundwater-flow.model.in.the.Albany.area.of.southwestern.Georgia..The.model.is.being.calibrated.to.simulate.periods.of.dry.(October.1999).hydrologic.conditions..Preliminary.results.of.particle.tracking.indicate.that.water.flows.to.the.well.field.from.the.northwest.

IntroductionLong-term.heavy.pumping.from.the.Claiborne.and.Clay-

ton.aquifers.and.the.Cretaceous.aquifer.system.(Providence.

aquifer),.which.underlie.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.has.resulted.in.substantial.water-level.declines.in.these.deep.aquifers.in.the.Albany,.Georgia,.area..To.provide.additional.water.supply.and.reduce.the.demand.on.the.deep.aquifers,.the.Albany.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission.(WGL).has.developed.a.large.well.field.southwest.of.Albany.(fig..1)..The.supply.wells.at.this.location.are.open.to.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.a.karstic.unit.that.is.the.uppermost.reliable.source.of.ground.water.in.the.area..Because.of.local.recharge.to.the.aquifer,.water.quality.may.be.affected.by.land-use.practices..Nitrate.levels.exceeding.the.10-milligrams-per-liter.(mg/L).maximum.contaminant.level.(MCL;.U.S..Environmental.Protection.Agency,.2000).have.been.detected.in.some.wells.upgradient.from.the.well.field..The.complexity.of.the.groundwater-flow.system.and.water.quality.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.near.the.well.field.prompted.development.of.a.cooperative.water.pro.gram.between.the.U.S..Geological.Survey.(USGS).and.WGL.

Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission Cooperative Water Program

To.address.concerns.about.the.quality.and.availability.of.groundwater.in.the.Albany.area,.the.USGS.and.WGL.initiated.a.cooperative.water.program.during.1977..The.Federal–State.Cooperative.Water.Program.(CWP).is.a.partnership.between.the.USGS,.State,.and.local.agencies.that.provides.information.that.forms.the.foundation.for.many.of.the.Nation’s.water-resources.management.and.planning.activities..The.informa-tion.also.may.function.as.an.early.warning.for.emerging.water.problems..The.fundamental.characteristic.of.the.CWP.is.that.local.and.State.agencies.provide.at.least.one-half.the.funds,.and.the.USGS.performs.most.of.the.work..The.USGS.uses.consistent.techniques.to.collect.and.archive.data.and.stores.the.information.in.a.common.database.available.on.the.Web..The.knowledge.gained.in.the.studies.is.published.and.added.to.the.growing.body.of.information.about.the.hydrology.of.the.area.

2 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008

Related Studies

Several.studies.are.currently.underway.in.the.southwest.Georgia.area..In.November.2008,.groundwater-level.data.were.collected.from.376.wells,.stream-stage.measurements.were.collected.at.111.sites,.and.stream.discharge.was.measured.at.85.sites.in.the.lower.Chattahoochee–Flint.(CF).and.western.and.central.Aucilla–Suwannee–Ochlockonee.(ASO).River.basins.of.southwest.and.south-central.Georgia..Because.groundwater.is.the.major.water.source.in.the.basins,.and.the.potential.exists.for.pumping-induced.streamflow.reduction.to.affect.downstream.users,.a.quantitative.understanding.of.stream-aquifer.relations.is.essential.to.effectively.manage.water.resources.in.the.lower.CF.and.western.and.central.ASO.River.basins..The.USGS.conducted.an.investigation.to.document.groundwater.levels.and.stream.baseflow.in.the.lower.CF.and.western.and.central.ASO.River.basins.during.low-flow.conditions.in.November.2008..These.data.may.be.used.to.manage.the.water.supply,.to.protect.water.quality,..to.protect.aquatic.habitats,.by.recreational.users..

(http://water.usgs.gov/osw/pubs/nhwc_report.pdf,.accessed.08/10/2009),.and.as.a.basis.for.accurate.calibration.of.groundwater-flow.models.used.to.simulate.water-management.scenarios.for.the.region.

The.USGS—in.cooperation.with.the.State.of.Georgia.Soil.and.Water.Conservation.Commission—is.conducting.a.study.to.evaluate.the.spatial.analysis.of.annually.reported.and.telemetered.water-use.data.for.Georgia..The.objectives.of.the.study.are.to:

•. Review.existing.agricultural.water-use.data.for.completeness.and.consistency;

•. Complete.descriptive.statistics.of.aggregated.data;•. Evaluate.how.well.telemetered.water-use.data.represents.the.total.population.of.annually.reported.water-use.data;.and

•. Identify.spatial.relations.between.and.among.telemetered.and.annually.reported.water-use.sites.(L.J..Torak,.U.S..Geological.Survey,.written..commun.,.June.16,.2009).

Chickasaw

hatchee Creek

Fli

nt R

iver

Kio

kee

Cre

ek

Dry

Creek

Piney Woods Creek

Coo

leew

ahee

Cre

ek

Lee CountyTerrell County

Mitchell County

Wor

th C

ount

y

Baker County

CalhounCounty

Dougherty County

11K005

13L002

12M002

13L01113L01213L013

12K014

12L372(P)

12L372(P)

12L371(P)

12L371(P)

12L27712L376(P)

12K141 12L370

11K003

11K003

13L180

12L030

12M017

13L015

13K014

EXPLANATION

11L001(P)

12L019(P)

11L002

Cretaceous aquifer system— Providence aquifer

Real-time gage

Real-time and precipitation gage

Clayton aquifer

Claiborne aquifer

11K002(P)

Upper Floridan aquifer

Surficial aquifer

Real time

02354410

02354410

12L01912L02012L021

13L04912L029

12L373

12K180

02352500

NOAAAlbany 3 SE

NOAAAlbany 3 SE

FRWPPCAlbany State University

0235250013L013

12L021

Albany

Well field

234

300

19

82

82

Recorder well, identification, and aquifer—(P) measured periodically Stream site and identification

Weather station and name

Sample site

02352560

02352560

0 1 2 3 4

N

0 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS

5 MILESBase from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000Albers Equal-Area Conic projectionStandard parallel 29°30', Central meridian 83°30'

Figure 1.

Figure 1. Monitoring wells and streamgages in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia.

Groundwater Conditions 3

Purpose and Scope

The.objectives.of.the.Albany.CWP.are.to.(1).augment.the.current.level.of.understanding.of.the.hydrogeologic.frame-work.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.and.the.occurrence.of.nitrate.contamination.near.the.WGL.well.field,.(2).monitor.water-level.fluctuations.in.the.four.aquifers.used.in.the.area.and.relate.water-level.trends.to.changes.in.climatic.conditions.and.pumping.patterns,.and.(3).evaluate.and.monitor.water.quality.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.as.pumping.patterns..and.land-use.activities.change..

This.report.provides.an.overview.of.groundwater..conditions.through.2008.and.the.studies.conducted.as.part..of.the.Albany.CWP.during.2008..This.overview.includes.a.summary.of.hydrologic.conditions.based.on:.

•. Continuous.water-level.monitoring.in.a.24-well.network.(fig..1);

•. Construction.of.a.potentiometric-surface.map,..in.the.study.area,.for.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..during.November.2008;

•. Continuous.monitoring.of.streamflow.at.the.Flint..River.(02352500,.fig..1).and.Chickasawhatchee..Creek.(02354410),.and.continuous.precipitation.monitoring.at.the.Flint.River.at.Albany.streamgage.(02352500).and.Georgia.Automated.Environmental.Monitoring.Network.site.at.Albany.State.University.(http://www.griffin.uga.edu/aemn/cgi-bin/AEMN.pl?site=GAAB.accessed.October.9,.2009;.Flint.River.Water,.Planning,.and.Policy.Center.[FRWPPC]..Albany.State.University);

•. Collection.of.water-quality.samples.from.25.wells.and.one.site.on.the.Flint.River.during.November.2008,.for.analysis.of.dissolved.nitrate.and.major.ions.and.analysis.of.pesticides.at.2.of.the.wells.

Water-level.data.for.each.well.for.the.period.of.record,.nitrate.concentrations.from.1998.to.2008,.precipitation.data.from.2004.to.2008,.and.water-use.data.for.every.5.years.from.1980.to.2008.are.presented.for.comparison.with.the.2008.data..In.addition.to.monitoring,.the.USGS.is.developing.a.groundwater-flow.model.to.simulate.groundwater.flow.and.nitrate.flow.paths.near.the.well.field..As.part.of.the.Albany.CWP,.water.levels.are.monitored.in.wells.throughout.Dougherty.County,.two.wells.in.Lee.County,.and.one.well.in.Baker.County,.Georgia.(fig..1).

Well- and Stream-Numbering Systems

In.this.report,.wells.are.identified.using.a.numbering.system.based.on.USGS.topographic.maps..In.Georgia,.each.7-1/2-minute.topographic.quadrangle.map.has.been.given.a.number.and.letter.designation.beginning.at.the.southwestern.corner.of.the.State..Numbers.increase.eastward.through.39,.and.letters.increase.alphabetically.northward.through.“Z”.and.then.become.double-letter.designations.“AA”.through.“PP.”.The.letters.“I”.and.“O,.are.not.used..Wells.inventoried.in.each.quadrangle.are.numbered.sequentially.beginning.with.“1.”.Thus,.the.twenty-ninth.well.inventoried.in.the.Albany.West.quadrangle.(map.12L).is.designated.12L029..Springs.are.considered.groundwater.sites.and.are.identified.in.the.same.manner.as.wells..Surface-water.stations.are.identified.by.a.numbering.system.used.for.all.USGS.reports.and.publications.since.October.1,.1950..The.order.of.listing.stations.is.in.a.downstream.direction.along.the.main.channel..All.stations.on.a.tributary.entering.upstream.from.each.mainstream.are.listed.prior.to.that.station..Each.surface-water.station.is.assigned.a.unique.8.-.to.14-digit.number..Each.station.number,.such.as.02352500,.begins.with.the.2-digit.identifier.“02,”.which.designates.it.as.being.a.surface-water.station,.followed.by.the.downstream-order.number,.“352500,”.which.can.range.from..6.to.12.digits.

Groundwater ConditionsGroundwater.levels.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.

County.have.been.monitored.for.several.decades.as.part.of..the.Albany.CWP..Precipitation.and.groundwater.pumpage.also.are.monitored.to.assess.their.influence.on.groundwater.conditions..Nitrate.concentrations.in.wells.near.the.Albany.well.field.have.been.analyzed.since.the.late.1990s..These.data.are.used.to.guide.water-management.decisions.by.State.and.local.authorities..

Factors Influencing Groundwater Levels

Fluctuations.and.long-term.trends.in.groundwater.levels.occur.as.a.result.of.changes.in.recharge.to.and.discharge.from.an.aquifer..Recharge.rates.vary.in.response.to.precipitation,.evapotranspiration,.and.surface-water.infiltration.into.an.aquifer..Discharge.occurs.as.natural.flow.from.an.aquifer.to.streams.or.springs,.as.evapotranspiration.from.shallow.water-table.aquifers,.as.leakage.to.vertically.adjacent.aquifers,.and..as.withdrawal.(pumpage).from.wells..


PrecipitationPrecipitation.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County.

influences.groundwater.levels.in.the.shallow.surficial.aquifer.system.and,.to.a.lesser.degree,.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..Changes.in.precipitation.also.affect.quantities.of.groundwater.withdrawn.from.deeper.aquifers.and,.thus,.have.an.indirect.effect.on.groundwater.levels.in.the.Claiborne,.Clayton,.and.Providence.aquifers..To.monitor.precipitation.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.a.real-time.weather.station.at.Albany.State.University.(fig..1).is.operated.by.the.College.of.Agriculture.and.Environmental.Sciences,.University.of.Georgia,.and.a.real-time.streamgage.and.precipitation.site.at.the.Flint.River.at.Albany.is.operated.by.the.USGS.(02352500,.fig..1)..Real-time.monitoring.data.for.these.sites.are.available.at.http://www.griffin.uga.edu/aemn/cgi-bin/AEMN.pl?site=GAAB.and.http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ga/nwis/uv/?site_no=02352500&PARAmeter_cd=00045,.respectively.(accessed.May.15,.2009)..Precipitation.data.also.are.available.for.the.Albany,.Georgia,.area.from.the.National.Oceanic.and.Atmospheric.Administration.(NOAA.Albany.3.SE,.fig..1).at.http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim84/GA/GA090140.txt.(accessed.May.29,.2009).

Precipitation.and.cumulative.departure.from.normal.data.for.2004.through.2008.(NOAA’s.Albany.3.SE.climatic.station).are.shown.in.figure.2..The.cumulative.departure.from.normal.precipitation.data.can.be.used.to.evaluate.trends.in.precipitation.that.typically.relate.to.recharge.of.shallow.aquifers..Cumulative.departure.from.normal.precipitation.data.describe.the.long-term.surplus.or.deficit.of.precipitation.during.a.designated.period.and.are.derived.by.adding.succes-sive.daily.values.of.departures.from.normal.precipitation.data..In.this.report,.daily.precipitation.data.in.inches.and.30-year.(dynamic).normals.from.NOAA’s.Albany.3.SE.climatic.station.were.used.to.calculate.the.cumulative.departure.from.normal.(data.obtained.from.http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim84/GA/GA090140.txt,.accessed.May.29,.2009)..Normalprecipitation.for.Albany.3.SE.is.defined.as.the.daily.mean.values.from.1971–2000..A.positive.cumulative.rainfall.slope.indicates.above.average.rainfall,.while.a.negative.slope.indicates.below.average.rainfall.(http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/climatenormals/climatenormals.pl,.accessed.July.24,.2009)..Cumulative.departure.data.indicate.below-normal.rainfall.through.much.of.2007.and.the.first.half.of.2008..

–25

–20

–15

–10

–5

0

5

10

15

0

1

2

3

4

5

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Cum

ulat

ive

depa

rture

from

norm

al p

reci

pita

tion,

in in

ches

Normal

Prec

ipita

tion,

in in

ches

Figure 2. Figure 2. Total daily precipitation data and cumulative departure from normal for January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008 (NOAA site Albany 3 SE; see fig. 1 for location).


Groundwater PumpageLocations.of.groundwater.pumping.centers.and.amounts.

of.water.withdrawn.from.these.centers.may.greatly.affect.groundwater.levels.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County..Changes.in.pumping.rates.and.the.addition.of.new.pumping.centers.may.alter.the.configuration.of.potentiometric.surfaces,.reverse.groundwater.flow.directions,.and.increase.seasonal..and.long-term.fluctuations.in.the.aquifers..

During.2008,.groundwater.withdrawals.in.Dougherty.County.(excluding.irrigation.pumping),.were..about..22.million.gallons.per.day.(Mgal/d),.of.which.about..51.percent.(11.3.Mgal/d).was.for.public.supply.and.about.

49.percent.(10.7.Mgal/d).was.for.industry.(J.L..Fanning,..U.S..Geological.Survey,.written.commun.,.May.27,.2009)..

From.2007.to.2008,.total.withdrawal.decreased.by.5.3.Mgal/d.due.largely.to.the.closure.of.a.pharmaceutical.company,.which.accounted.for.3.4.Mgal/d.of.the.withdrawal,.and.a.1.43-Mgal/d.reduction.in.public-supply.withdrawals..Irrigation.pumping.in.Dougherty.County.increased.from.about.10.9.Mgal/d.during.1995.to.20.3.Mgal/d.during.2000,.then.decreased.to.about.10.Mgal/d.during.2005.(fig..3;.Fanning.and.Trent,.2009)..Irrigation-pumping.data.are.not.yet.available.for.2008..The.increase.in.irrigation.pumping.in.2000.reflects.drought.conditions.that.lasted.from.1998.until.late.2002.(Fanning.and.Trent,.2009)..

City of Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission

Pharmaceutical

Paper and products

Brewing

EXPLANATION

GROUNDWATER USE, IN MILLION GALLONS PER DAY (Mgal/d)

Other

0

5

10

15

20

25

Irrig

atio

n w

ater

use

,in

mill

ion

gallo

ns p

er d

ay

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

200727.3 Mgal/d

200822 Mgal/d

200527.3 Mgal/d

200035.00 Mgal/d

199530.6 Mgal/d

199028.4 Mgal/d

198531.5 Mgal/d

198031.4 Mgal/d

Public supply

Industrial

16.5

8.5

2.9

1.42.1

1.4 1.2 1.3 0.81.2 1.6

7.7

2.4 1.0 1.00.76

0.6

2.1 2.22.3

6.6 7.3 6.9

3.83.8

4.8

5.4 4.64.2

0.74

7.74.0 4.8

17.2 18.0 18.9

18.4 13.3 12.6 11.3

Figure 3. Figure 3. Water-use data from 1980 through 2007. Irrigation data for 2007 and 2008 are not yet available.


Streamflow Streamflow.is.monitored.in.real.time.on.the.Flint.River.at.

Albany,.Georgia.(02352500).and.Chickasawhatchee.Creek.near.Leary,.Georgia.(02354410;.fig..1)..The.gage.at.the.Flint.River.at.Albany.was.installed.in.1901,.and.the.gage.at.Chickasawhatchee.Creek.near.Leary.was.installed.during.May.2001;.however,.the.stage.has.been.measured.since.1954..Data.for.each.site.are.avail-able.at.http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ga/nwis/rt,.(accessed.May.29,.2009)..Daily.mean.gage.height.at.the.Flint.River.at.Albany.

was.below.the.historical.median.daily.gage.height.for.most.of.2008.(fig..4)..The.stream.stage.exceeded.the.historical.median.daily.gage.height.periodically.during.2008.storms..Daily.mean.gage.height.at.Chickasawhatchee.Creek.was.close.to.or.slightly.greater.than.the.historical.median.daily.gage.height.from.Janu-ary.to.about.May.when.stream.levels.fell.below.the.historical.median.(fig..5)..In.August,.stream.stage.exceeded.the.historical.median.periodically.during.2008.storms..The.relatively.low.gage.height.at.both.sites.corresponds.to.a.period.of.below-normal.precipi.tation.that.began.in.2006.and.continued.into.2008.(fig..2).

Figure 4.

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Blank where

data aremissing

Figure 5.

Figure 4. Daily mean gage height for the Flint River at Albany, Georgia (02352500), 2008. (See fig. 1 for location.)

Figure 5. Daily mean gage height for the Chickasawhatchee Creek near Leary, Georgia (02354410), 2008. (See fig. 1 for location.)


Groundwater Levels

Groundwater.levels.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County.are.continuously.monitored.in.14.wells.as.part.of.the.Albany.CWP.and.in.10.additional.wells.in.conjunction.with.other.projects.(fig..1;.table.1)..Water.levels.are.measured.in.another.five.wells.on.a.periodic.basis..All.data.are.available.on.the.Web.at.http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ga/nwis/dv?referred_module=gw.(accessed.May.15,.2009)..Of.the.29.wells,.2.are.completed.in.the.surficial.aquifer,.15.are.completed.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.5.are.completed.in.the.Claiborne.aquifer,.

6.are.completed.in.the.Clayton.aquifer,.and.1.is.completed.in.the.Providence.aquifer.(fig..1,.table.1)..Hydrographs.showing.annual.daily-mean.(2008).water.levels.and.median.daily.statis-tics.for.the.period.of.record.for.all.continuously-monitored.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A..Field.measurements.were.added.to.hydrographs.when.large.periods.of.data.are.missing..Hydro-graphs.of.water.levels.measured.periodically.also.are.shown.in.Appendix.A..Hydrographs.presented.in.Appendix.A.and.wells.listed.in.table.1.are.ordered.by.aquifer,.then.sequentially.by.their.site.name.(well.identifier);.thus,.well.12K141.precedes.well.12K180,.which.precedes.well.12L029,.and.so.forth.

Table 1. Recorder wells in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia.

[*,.wells.measured.monthly;.project/cooperator:.WGL,.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission;.GaEPD,.Georgia.Environmental.Protection.Division;..FRWPPC,.Flint.River.Water,.Planning,.and.Policy.Center]

Well number (fig. 1)

Well name Aquifer Project/cooperator County

12L371* Albany.WGL Surficial Albany.WGL Dougherty12L376* Albany.WGL Surficial Albany.WGL Dougherty11K003 Nilo.TW.North Upper.Floridan GaEPD Dougherty12K014 Blue.Springs.OW Upper.Floridan GaEPD Baker12K141 Albany.WGL.A750.Lower Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12K180 EPD.MW-2 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L029 USGS.TW.13 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L030 USGS.TW.16 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L277 Albany.WGL Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L370 Albany.WGL Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L372* Albany.WGL Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L373 EPD.MW-1 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12M017 USGS.TW.19 Upper.Floridan GaEPD Lee13K014 USGS.TW.15 Upper.Floridan FRWPPC

(Merck.&.Co.,.Inc.)Dougherty

13L012 USGS.TW.3 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty13L049 Turner.1 Upper.Floridan FRWPPC

(Miller.Brewing.Company)Dougherty

13L180 MCLB.Corehole.3.Lower.Ocala Upper.Floridan GaEPD Dougherty12L019 USGS.TW.5 Claiborne Albany.WGL Dougherty13L011 USGS.TW.2 Claiborne Albany.WGL Dougherty13L015 Turner.2 Claiborne FRWPPC

(Miller.Brewing.Company)Dougherty

11K002* USGS.TW.11 Claiborne Albany.WGL Dougherty11L001* USGS.TW.4 Claiborne Albany.WGL Dougherty11K005 USGS.TW.12 Clayton Albany.WGL Dougherty11L002 DNR.Albany.Nursery Clayton GaEPD Dougherty12L020 USGS.TW.6 Clayton Albany.WGL Dougherty12M002 USGS.TW.9 Clayton Lee.County Lee13L002 Albany.WGL,.Turner.City.2 Clayton GaEPD Dougherty13L013 USGS.TW.7 Clayton Albany.WGL Dougherty12L021 USGS.TW.10 Cretaceous.aquifer.system—

Providence.aquiferAlbany.WGL Dougherty


Surficial Aquifer During.2008,.water.levels.were.measured.six.

times.in.well.12L371.and.eight.times.in.well.12L376,.both.of.which.are.completed.in.the.surficial.aquifer.(table.1;.fig..1)..Hydrographs.for.these.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A..Well.12L371.(fig..A–1).was.dry.when.measured.in.January.2008..The.water.level.rose.to.about.5.feet.above.the.bottom.of.the.well.by.March.2008,.then.again.went.dry.in.August,.and.remained.dry.through.the.end.of.2008..Well.12L376.(fig..A–2).also.was.dry.when.measured.in.January.2008,.but.the.water.level.remained.above.the.bottom.of.the.well.throughout.the.rest.of.2008.

Upper Floridan Aquifer Water.levels.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.are.monitored.

in.15.wells.(fig..1)..Hydrographs.for.these.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A.

Water.levels.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.generally..were.below.or.near.the.historical.median.daily.values.for.the.first.half.of.2008,.corresponding.to.below-normal.rainfall..and.increased.pumping..While.water.levels.were.below.historical.daily.mean.for.most.of.2008,.most.had.risen.above.historical.levels.by.December.2008..Upper.Floridan.aquifer.water.levels.in.the.eastern.part.of.Dougherty.County.were.near.the.historical.median.daily.values.through.August.2008..In.September.water.levels.rose.above.the.historical.median.daily.values.because.of.large.amounts.of.precipitation.(well.13L180;.fig..A–17)..Water.levels.fell.below.historical.median.values.again.in.October.but.once.again.rose.above.normal.in.December.2008..

.A.potentiometric-surface.map.for.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.was.constructed.using.data.from.81.wells.in.the.southwestern.Albany.area.during.November.3–10,.2008.(fig..6)..The.potentiometric.contours.are.similar.to.those.for.2007;.water.generally.flows.from.northwest.to.southeast.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.with.no.evidence.of.a.cone.of.depression.at.the.well.field..Water.levels.were.slightly.higher.during.November.2008.than.during.the.fall.of.2007.

Claiborne AquiferWater.levels.are.monitored.in.five.wells.completed.in..

the.Claiborne.aquifer.(table.1;.fig..1)..Hydrographs.for.these.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A.

Water.levels.in.the.Claiborne.aquifer.indicate.delayed.response.to.precipitation.and.a.more.rapid.response.to.pumping.changes.than.those.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..Water.levels.in.well.13L015.(fig..A–20).were.generally.below.the.historical.median.daily.values.except.in.August.and.December.2008..Data.for.well.13L011.(fig..A–19).are.unavailable.for.much.of.the.first.half.of.2008.because.of.equipment.malfunction..During.the.second.half.of.the.year,.water.levels.in.well.13L011.were.above.the.daily.median..The.variability.between.the.two.wells.probably.is.because.of.the.localized.effects.of.pumping.

Clayton and Providence AquifersWater.levels.are.monitored.in.six.wells.completed.in.the.

Clayton.aquifer.and.in.one.well.completed.in.the.Providence.aquifer.(table.1,.fig..1)..Hydrographs.for.these.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A,.figures.A–23.through.A–29.

Like.the.Claiborne.aquifer,.the.Clayton.and.Providence.aquifers.do.not.respond.quickly.to.precipitation.and.are.affected.mostly.by.pumping..Water.levels.in.the.Clayton.aquifer.during.2008.were.below.the.historical.median.daily.values.in.wells.11K005.and.11L002,.and.above.the.historical.median.daily.values.in.well.13L013..Water.levels.in.well.13L002.were.near.the.historical.median.daily.values.through-out.2008..Water.levels.in.well.12L020.were.available.only.from.January.through.July.2008,.and.were.above.the.historical.median.daily.values.during.that.time..Water.levels.in.well.12L021,.completed.in.the.Providence.aquifer,.were.above..the.historical.median.daily.values.throughout.2008.

Sinkhole Development

No.new.sink.holes.developed.at.the.well.field.in.2008.(Jim.Stolze,.Albany.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission,.written.commun.,.December.23,.2008)..Figure.7.shows.a.map.of.sinkholes.that.formed.on.the.well.field.prior.to.2008..The.large.number.of.sinkholes.that.developed.during.2007.may.be.a.result.of.low.water.levels.that.followed.a.period.of.high.water.levels.in.2006.(fig..8)..


62

County Line Rd

Old Pretoria

Road

Vand

erbi

lt Dr

Hard

Up

Rd

Rive

r Roa

d

91

91

234

1982

84°10'84°20' 84°15'

31°35'

31°30'

Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey1:24,000-scale digital data

0 1 2 3 MILES

0 1 2 3 KILOMETERS

Albany

DOUGHERTY COUNTY

DOUGHERTY COUNTY

LEE COUNTY

BAKER COUNTY

TERRELL COUNTY

Flint

Cool

eewa

hee

Cre

ek

Rive

r

Well field

Figure 6.

Potentiometric contour—Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Dashed where approximately located. Contour interval 10 feet. Datum is NGVD 29

EXPLANATION

Well (value for review only, will be removed)

150

Direction of groundwater flow

Kiokee

Cre

ek210 200

190

180

170

160

150

140

151.4154.1

153.3

143.2

144.7

153.6

169.6

173.3

152.89

142.62

140.81

141.12

149.21141.58

139.06

147.53

142.35143.61

142.31

145.38

145.67

165.09159.33

159.88162.07

161.89

158.26

168.78171.86

153.29

153.92

153.45 145.95

154.52

143.95

152.79

140.33142.88

145.78

147.38

157.95

133.37

153.94157.69

154.98

156.85

149.41

145.99

157.92

157.73 156.67

155.08146.79

153.36155.32

152.43

156.05

152.11

144.89

156.61

194.36

194.15

192.92

195.13

189.49

185.09 176.84

182.25

152.04

176.52

173.31

167.5

164.2

161.84

157.36

143.33

156.93

168.01

187.67

213.97 193

Figure 6. Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area, Dougherty County, Georgia, November 3 –10, 2008.


0

0

1,000 FEET

200 METERS

500

100

FINISH W

ATER

INV. ELEV. = 189.25

INV. ELEV. = 187.50

INV. ELEV. = 186.50

7

12

11

72

4

3

2

6&5;

8

&4 ; 5 6

&510 ; 6

12

11

12

11

13

8

8

WETLAND CELL

BOTTOM OF

X

XFIN

ISHED GRADE

185

.75

7

SOUTH ACCESS ROAD

NORTH ACCESS ROADEAST ACCESS ROAD

M.H.

8" SEWER

7

NATURAL GAS PIPELINE

2 SPARE 4" CONDUITS

M

4" GALV. METER PEDESTALAND 400 amp METER CAN.

2-2" RED COND. FOR SINGLE MODEAND MULTI MODE FIBER TO TIEINTO EXIST. 2" RED COND.

#4/0 URD IN

2.5" C

OND.

PETROLEUM PIPELINE

DAM

DAM

PROPERTY

LINE

PROPERTY LINE

PROPERTY LINE

13

13

N

Wastewater-treatment plant

FENCE

FENCE

FENCE

EXPLANATION

Sinkhole—Year developed

Prior to 2007 2007

Figure 7.

Figure 7. Albany well field showing sinkhole locations. Base map and locations provided by Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission.

0January–

MarchApril–June

July–September

October–December

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Num

ber o

f sin

khol

es

2006 2007 2008

Figure 8.

EXPLANATION

Figure 8. Water levels in well 12L277 and number of sinkholes that developed in the Albany well field during 2006 through 2008. (See fig. 1 for location.)


Groundwater Quality of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the Upper Floridan aquifer had a nitrate plus nitrite concentration of 12.5 mg/L, greater than the 10-mg/L

Water samples were collected from 25 wells in the MCL (fig. 9, table 2). Water from well 12L376, completed southwest area of Albany during November 3–20, 2008 in the surficial aquifer, had a nitrate plus nitrite concen- (Appendix B). Of the 25 wells sampled, 14 are located in the tration of 10.1 mg/L. Since October 2007, nitrate levels well field area where samples have been collected annually have increased in seven wells, decreased in three wells, for the past 10 years. The samples were analyzed for cations, and remained unchanged in one well (table 2). One well anions, and nutrients. A sample from well 12L061 completed that was measured in 2007 was not measured in 2008.

Figure 9. Nitrate concentrations at selected groundwater and surface water sites in the Albany area, Georgia, November 2008.

10M003 11M010 12M053 12M003 12M046 12M01712M02612M052 12M001 12M01512M002 12M009

12M05811M040 12M02212M05411M039 12M05912M049 12M04012M04111M018 12M048 12L02212L400 12M021 12L04312M05711L132

11L125 12L39512L330 12L04511L129 12L04112L374 12L01511L124 11L02411L123

11L015 12L01212L39411L122 12L01711L128 12L39211L110 12L397 12L031

11L018 12L02511L017 12L399 12L04211L002 12L02112L044

12L00711L001 12L02011L003 11L121 12L01912L331 12L016 12L29412L307

12L39811L107 12L396 12L29912L006 12L29312L29111L10811L026 11L119 12L26712L300 12L00111L070 11L106 11L117 12L06212L009 12L003 12L298 12L391

11L005 12L39011L00412L014

12L32111L118

11L02312L32712L04712L31911L113 12L389 12L01312L02811L114 12L04812L268 12L269 12L023

11L029 12L29612L325 12L31810L009 12L30912L303 12L323 12L27512L326 12L276 12L38812L38612L31212L375 12L38712L279 12L04912L05011L014 12L367 12L310 12L351 12L273 12L03011L055 12L366 12L346 12L34311L073 12L368 12L271 12L35412L364 12L342 12L27012L36311L13011L131 12L35612L353 12L383 12L37911L07811L025 11L12612L369 12L274 12L341

11L01911K030 11L127 12L35211K041 12L355 12L381 12L372 12L33811L012 12K18211K02911K028 11L072 12K172 12K143 12K17012K122 12K111 12K183

11K026 11K046 12K142 12K015 12K174 12K00612K108 12K16512K14111K044 12K063 12K138 12K168 12K16612K16712K15511K04311K031 11K01311K003 12K116 12K16911K004 11K045 12K12012K128

11K012 12K121 12K171 12K01712K11412K11512K173 12K109

12K12712K117

12K14012K124 12K110

11K014 12K012

12K12512K05311K018 12K016

12K12611K00511K033 11K015 12K010 12K011 12K01311K002 12K13612K13711K001 12K13412K03711K042 12K18612K10711K027 12K18712K132 12K014

12K130 12K056

Road

Old Pretoria

62

Vand

erbi

lt Dr

Rive

r Roa

d

Hard

Up

Rd

County Line Rd

91

91

234

1982

12L01811L112 12L010

0.5311L115

1.111L0030.56

11L1161.6 11L092

1.1

11L07711L1110.380.25

11L1200.50

12L345 12L311 4.5

0.0412L344

1.4 12L376 10.112L357 3.0 12L277 9.0

12L350 5.212L061 12.5

12L34012L34812K175 2.7 12L373

7.95.0 8.0 12K1802.1

12K1293.512K101

2.9

11L1151.1

84°10'84°20' 84°15'

31°35'

31°30'

Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey1:24,000-scale digital data

LEE COUNTY

DOUGHERTY COUNTY

Albany

DOUGHERTY COUNTY

BAKER COUNTY

0 1 2 3 MILES

0 1 2 3 KILOMETERS

T H Agriculture & Nutrition Company

TERRELL COUNTY

EXPLANATIONWell and name, and nitrate as nitrogen concentration, Surface-water site and nitrate as in milligrams per liter, November 2008—Well name nitrogen concentration, in milli- in bold indicates new well sampled during 2008 grams per liter, November 2008

No data Less than 4 4 to 6

6 to 10 Greater than 10

Well tested for pesticide

keerCe ekoKi

reviR

nti

Fl

Wellfield

keer C eehaweeloo

C

023525600.22

023525600.22

Figure 9.


Table 2. Nitrate data from selected wells in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 1998–2008 (wells are open to the Upper Floridan aquifer, well 12L376 is open to the surficial aquifer, and 2352560 is a gage on the Flint River).

[Sept,.September;.Nov,.November;.Oct,.October;.NO3–.N,.nitrate.as.nitrogen;.NO2.+.NO3.as.N,.nitrite.plus.nitrate.as.nitrogen;..—,.no.data]

Site name(fig. 9)

July 1993

NO2 + NO3 as N

Sept 1998

NO3 – N

April 1999

NO3– N

April 2001

NO2 + NO3 as N

Nov 2001

Dissolved NO2 + NO3

as N

Nov 2002

NO3 – N

May 2003

NO3 – N

Nov 2003

NO3– N

Nov 2004

NO3 – N

Nov 2005

NO3 – N

Nov 2006

Dissolved NO2 + NO3

as N

Oct 2007

Dissolved NO2 + NO3

as N

Nov 2008

Dissolved NO2 + NO3

as N

Concentration, in milligrams per liter

Wells

12K053 — — — — 2.0 — 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 —12K101 — 1.8 1.9 — 2.2 2.1 — 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.912K129 — — — 3.1 2.9 — 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.3 3.3 3.512K175 — 3.8 5.7 5.0 5.9 5.4 — 6.1 5.5 7.0 6.2 6.0 5.012K180 — — — — — 1.56 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1

11L003 0.58 — — — — — — — — — — — 0.5611L077 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.3811L092 1.2 — — — — — — — — — — — 1.111L111 0.23 — — — — — — — — — — — 0.2511L112 0.31 — — — — — — — — — — — 0.5311L115 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.111L116 1.2 — — — — — — — — — — — 1.611L120 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.5012L010 — — — — — — — — — — — — —12L018 — — — — — — — — — — — — —12L061 — 11 12 12 12 12.5 — 13.4 13.1 13.7 12.5 12.3 12.512L277 — 7.5 6.9 6.5 8.0 6.3 9.0 8.2 8.4 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.012L311 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.0412L339 — 5.9 5.4 — 5.0 — — — — 6.0 — — —12L340 — — — — — — — 4.7 5.0 5.8 3.7 2.712L344 — 6.0 5.1 2.7 1.6 1.7 — 1.9 2.1 3.0 — — 1.412L345 — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.5

12L346 — — — — — — — 7.2 6.6 8.1 — — —

12L348 — — 6.5 6.4 7.1 6.8 — 6.9 6.6 7.0 7.1 7.4 7.912L350 — 3.0 2.9 — 4.8 5.5 — 2.6 2.0 1.8 3.3 2.7 5.212L357 — 5.9 3.1 — 2.0 — — — 3.5 5.1 3.8 — 3.012L370 — .— — — — — — 7.1 — — — — —12L373 — — — — 7.2 6.6 8.6 7.5 7.2 7.6 7.9 8.3 8.012L376 — — — — — 6.5 8.8 8.3 9.2 11.5 10.9 9.9 10.1

Surface-water site

02352560 — — — — — — 0.4 0.45 0.41 0.45 0.38 0.26 0.22


Since.1998,.nitrate.concentrations.have.increased.slightly;.however,.a.few.of.the.wells.show.a.decrease.since.2005..(wells.12L061,.12L376,.and.12L357;.fig..10,.table.2)..

To.assess.nitrate.concentrations.in.an.area.believed.to.provide.recharge.to.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.samples.were.collected.from.nine.additional.wells.northwest.of.the.well.field.(fig..9)..The.recharge.area.was.delineated.by.preliminary.simulations.from.a.groundwater-flow.model.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.(Gordon,.2008)..These.samples.also.were.analyzed.for.cations,.anions,.and.nutrients..Nitrate.plus.nitrite.concen.trations.in.the.nine.wells.ranged.from.0.04.to.1.6.mg/L.(fig..9;.table.2)..Five.of.the.nine.wells.were.sampled.in.July.1993,.and.nitrite.plus.nitrate.concentrations.were.similar.to.those.obtained.in.2008.(table.2).

A.hazardous.waste.site,.the.T.H.Agriculture.&.Nutrition.(THAN).Company.Superfund.Site,..is.located.in.the.northern.part.of.Albany.(fig..9)..Samples.collected..in.2007.indicate.the.2008.health-based.criteria.in.groundwater.were.exceeded.for.1,2-dibromoethane,.aldrin,.alpha-BHC.(an.alpha.isomer.of.benzene.hexachloride),.beta-BHC.(a.beta.isomer.of.benzene.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Sept-98 Apr-99 Apr-01 Nov-01 Nov-02 May-03 Nov-03 Nov-04 Nov-05 May-06 Nov-06 Oct-07 Nov-08

12L376

2352560

NIT

RATE

CON

CEN

TRAT

ION

, IN

MIL

LIGR

AMS

PER

LITE

R AS

NIT

ROGE

N

SAMPLING MONTH AND YEAR

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level

Upper Floridan

EXPLANATION

aquifer wells

Surficial aquifer well

Flint River

12K101

12K180

12L061

12L277

12L348

12L373

12L357

Figure 10.

hexachloride),.4,4’-dichloro.diphenyltrichloroethane.(DDT),.dieldrin,.toxaphene,.and.xylene..In.May.2008,.a.66-foot-deep.well.contained.20.micrograms.per.liter.(µg/L).of.technical.toxaphene.(U.S..Environmental.Protection.Agency,.written.commun.,.second.5-year.review.report,.September.2008)..Sample.analysis.indicates.that.toxaphene.concentrations.have.been.increasing.in.downgradient,.perimeter,.and.off-site.shal-low.wells.completed.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..There.also.is.some.evidence.of.vertical.contaminant.migration.(U.S..Envi-ronmental.Protection.Agency,.written.commun.,.second.5-year.review.report,.September.2008)..The.USGS.sampled.two.of.WGL’s.municipal.supply.wells.for.pesticides.(wells.12L010.and.12L018;.fig..9)..The.sample.from.well.12L010.contained.no.detectable.pesticides,.and.the.sample.from.well.12L018.had.very.low.concentrations.of.p,p’-methoxychlor.(0.0014.µg/L),.which.is.below.the.reporting.limit.and.3.orders.of.magnitude.below.the.MCL.of.0.04.mg/L.(U.S..Environmental.Protection.Agency,.2000;.Appendix.B)..Although.such.a.low.concen-tration.is.not.a.cause.for.concern,.continued.monitoring..could.enable.tracking.of.any.increasing.trend.

Figure 10. Nitrate concentrations at selected groundwater wells and the Flint River, September 1998 –November 2008. (See fig. 9 for locations.)


A.surface-water.sample.was.collected.from.the.Flint.River.at.the.West.Oakridge.Drive.bridge.on.November.5,.2008.(02352530,.fig..1).for.comparison.of.the.water-quality.characteristics.of.surface.and.groundwater..A.trilinear.diagram.showing.the.percent.composition.of.selected.major.cations..and.anions.is.presented.in.figure.11..This.diagram.shows..

Figure 11. Trilinear diagram showing water quality of the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Flint River at Albany, Georgia, November 2008.

PERC

ENT PERCENT

Figure 11.

PERCENT OF TOTAL MILLIEQUIVALENT PER MILLILITER

Calcium Chloride, fluoride, nitrite plus nitrate

Calcium plus magnesiumSulfa

te p

lus c

hlor

ide

Sulfate

Sodium plus potassium

Carb

onat

e pl

us b

icar

bona

te

Mag

nesiu

m

EXPLANATION

Water sample

Ground

Surface

100

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

100 0

2

0

40

6

0

80

1

00

0

20

40

60

80

100

100 80

60 40

20 0 100

80

60

40

20

0

0

2

0

40

6

0

80

1

00

0 20

40 60

80 100 1

00

8

0

60

4

0

20

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

that.the.groundwater.quality.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.remains.distinctly.different.from.the.water.quality.of.the.Flint.River,.as.was.the.case.during.2003–2007.(Gordon,.2008)..Water.from.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.is.supersaturated.with.calcium,.and.water.from.the.Flint.River.contains.more.of.the.other.constituents.such.as.sodium,.potassium,.and.magnesium.

Groundwater Studies 15

Groundwater Studies

The.Albany.CWP.provides.for.the.ongoing.collection.of.hydrologic.data.to.provide.a.better.understanding.of.hydro-logic.conditions,.water.quality,.and.groundwater.flow.paths.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County..During.2008,.the.

principal.focus.of.groundwater.studies.for.the.Albany.CWP.was.calibrating.a.groundwater-flow.model.to.simulate.flow.paths.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.to.the.Albany.well.field..The.model.was.calibrated.and.flow.paths.to.the.well.field.were.simulated.(fig..12)..The.model.indicates.that.water.pumped.from.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.at.the.well.field.originates.northwest.of.the.well.field..

LEE

WORTH

BAKERMITCHELL

TERRELL

COLQUITT

CALHOUN

DOUGHERTY

TURNER

N

0 5 10 MILESBase modified from U.S. Geological Survey1:100,000-scale digital data

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Albanywell field

Flint River

Flow path

EXPLANATION

Figure 12.

Model boundary

Fixed head boundary Particle

Figure 12. Simulated flow paths from a groundwater-flow model calibrated to October 1999 conditions.


A.regional.groundwater-flow.model.that.includes.the.Albany.well.field.area.is.being.developed.by.the.USGS.Water.Science.Center.in.Tallahassee,.Florida.(fig..13)..This.model.has.several.advanced.features.not.included.with.the.model.presently.being.used.in.the.well.field.area,.including.methods.used.previously.in.the.Transport.to.Anthropogenic.and.Natural.Contaminants.(TANC).study.conducted.by.the.USGS.National.Water-Quality.Assessment.Program.in.the.Tampa.Bay.region.(Crandall,.2007;.Katz.and.others,.2007;.Crandall.and.others,.2009).to.predict.recharge.areas.and.travel.times.for.flow.paths.(Eberts.and.others,.2005;.C.A..Crandall,.U.S..Geological.Survey,.written.commun.,.July.10,.2009)..Sinkholes.and.total.drainage.area.of.all.depressions.within.a.grid.cell.were.used.to.create.a.multiplier.array.that.was.combined.with.regional.estimates.of.hydraulic.conductivity.for.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.from.the.models.used.in.studies.by.Torak.and.McDowell.(1996).and.Jones.and.Torak.(2006).to.calculate.recharge.estimates.for.the.regional.model.(C.A..Crandall,.U.S..Geological.Survey,.written.commun.,.July.10,.2009)..When.completed,.the.input.hydrologic.data.and.boundary.flow.data.from.the.calibrated.regional.model.can.be.used.to.improve.the.current.Albany.well.field.model..

Reports and Technical PresentationsThe.USGS.prepared.several.reports.and.technical.presen-

tations.on.southwestern.Georgia.during.2008..Recent.reports.and.presentations.include:

•. “Georgia’s.ground-water.resources.and.monitoring.network,.2008”.(http://ga.water.usgs.gov/publications/fs2008-3072/pdf/fs2008-3072.pdf,.accessed.May.26,.2009)..

•. “Ground-water.conditions.and.studies.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.Georgia,.2007”.(http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1328/,.accessed.May.26,.2009).

•. “Groundwater.flow.and.particle-tracking.in.the.Albany.area”.presentation.at.the.spring.conference.of.the.Geor-gia.Association.of.Water.Professionals,.April.2008,.and.to.the.Georgia.Groundwater.Association,.July.2008.

Summary This.report.provides.hydrologic,.geologic,.and.water-

quality.data.needed.to.manage.water.resources.effectively.in.the.city.of.Albany.and.Dougherty.County,.Georgia..An.overview.of.groundwater.conditions.through.2008.and.studies.conducted.as.part.of.the.Albany.Cooperative.Water.Program.during.2008.are.presented.

During.2008,.water.levels.in.10.out.of.24.continuous-recording.wells.were.below.normal,.corresponding.to.lower.than.average.rainfall..Groundwater.samples.collected.from.25.wells.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.indicate.that.nitrate.levels.during.2008.were.similar.to.values.from.2007,.with.a.maximum.of.12.5.milligrams.per.liter.at.well.12L061..Water.samples.collected.from.the.Flint.River.and.wells.at.the.Albany.well.field.were.analyzed.and.plotted.on.a.trilinear.diagram.to.show.the.percent.composition.of.selected.major.cations.and.anions..Groundwater.constituents.(major.cations.and.anions).of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.at.the.Albany.well.field.remain.distinctly.different.from.those.in.the.water.of.the.Flint.River.

The.USGS.is.developing.a.groundwater-flow.model.in.the.Albany.area.of.southwestern.Georgia.to.improve.the.understanding.of.the.groundwater-flow.system.and.nitrate.movement.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..The.model.is.being.calibrated.to.simulate.periods.of.dry.(October.1999).hydrologic.conditions..Preliminary.results.of.particle.tracking.indicate.that.water.flows.to.the.well.field.from.the.northwest.

84°86° 85°

32°

31°

30°

Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey1:2,000,000-scale data

Gulf of Mexico

0 25 50 MILES

0 25 50 KILOMETERS

EXPLANATIONGroundwater-flow model boundary

Albany well-field area

Regional

GEO

RG

IAALABAMAFLORIDA

Dougherty County

Figure 13. Figure 13. Location of regional groundwater-flow model and Albany well-field flow model.

Selected References 17

Selected References

Crandall,.Christy,.2007,.Hydrogeologic.setting.and.ground-water.flow.simulations.of.the.Northern.Tampa.Bay.regional.study.area,.Florida,.in.Paschke,.S.S.,.ed.,.Hydrogeologic.settings.and.ground-water.flow.simulations.for.regional.studies.of.the.transport.of.anthropogenic.and.natural.contaminants.to.public-supply.wells—Studies.begun.in.2001:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Professional.Paper.1737-A,.Section.5;.accessed.September.3,.2009,.at.http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2007/1737a/Section5.pdf.

Crandall,.C.A.,.Kauffman,.L.J.,.Katz,.B.G.,.Metz,.P.A.,.McBride,.W.S.,.and.Berndt,.M.P.,.2009,.Simulations.of.groundwater.flow.and.particle.tracking.analysis.in.the.area.contributing.recharge.to.a.public-supply.well.near.Tampa,.Florida,.2002–.05,.U.S..Geological.Survey.Scientific..Investigations.Report.2008–5231,.53.p.

Eberts,.S.M.,.Erwin,.M.L.,.and.Hamilton,.P.A.,.2005,..Assessing.the.vulnerability.of.public-supply.wells.to.contamination.from.urban,.agricultural,.and.natural.sources:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Fact.Sheet.2005–3022,.4.p.

Fanning,.J.L.,.and.Trent,.V.P.,.2009,.Water.Use.in.Georgia..by.County.for.2005;.and.Water-Use.Trends,.1980.–2005:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Scientific.Investigations.Report.2009–5002,.186.p.;.Web-only.publication.available.at..http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5002/.

Gordon,.D.W.,.2008,.Ground-water.conditions.and.studies..in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.Georgia,.2007:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Open-File.Report.2008–1328,..49.p.;.Web-only.publication.available.at.http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1328/.

Jones,.L.E.,.and.Torak,.L.J.,.2006,.Simulated.effects.of.seasonal.ground-water.pumpage.for.irrigation.on.hydrologic.conditions.in.the.lower.Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint.River.Basin,.southwestern.Georgia.and.parts.of.Alabama.and.Florida,.1999.–2002:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Scientific.Investigations.Report.2006.–5234,.83.p.;.Web-only.publica-tion.available.at.http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5234/.

Katz,.B.G.,.Crandall,.C.A.,.Metz,.P.A.,.McBride,.W.S.,.and.Berndt,.M.P.,.2007,.Chemical.characteristics,.water.sources.and.pathways,.and.age.distribution.of.ground.water.in.the.contributing.recharge.area.of.a.public-supply.well.near.Tampa,.Florida,.2002–.05:.U.S..Geological.Survey..Scientific.Investigations.Report.2007–5139,.85.p.

Peck,.M.F.,.Painter,.J.A.,.and.Leeth,.D.C.,.2009,.Ground-.water.conditions.and.studies.in.Georgia,.2006.–2007:..U.S..Geological.Survey.Scientific.Investigations..Report.2009.–5070,.86.p.;.also.available.at..http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5070/.

Torak,.L.J.,.and.McDowell,.R.J.,.1996,.Ground-water.resources.of.the.lower.Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint.River.Basin.in.parts.of.Alabama,.Florida,.and.Georgia—Subarea.4.of.the.Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint.and.Alabama–Coosa–Tallapoosa.River.Basins:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Open-File.Report.95–321,.145.p.

U.S..Environmental.Protection.Agency,.2000,.Maximum.contaminant.levels.(Subpart.B.of.part.141,.National..Primary.Drinking-Water.Regulations):.U.S..Code.of..Federal.Regulations,.Title.40,.parts.100–149,.revised..as.of.July.1,.2000,.p..334.–560.

U.S..Geological.Survey,.2008,.Georgia’s.ground-water.resources.and.monitoring.network,.2008:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Fact.Sheet.2008.–3072,.p..2;.Web-only.publication..available.at.http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3072/.

http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3072/

Appendix A. Groundwater-Level Hydrographs and Statistics for Continuously Monitored Recorder Wells and Wells Measured Periodically for 2008 and Period of Record in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia.


Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84o' '" "

Well Depth: Datum:feet feetDougherty County Period of Record:

Well Diameter: inches- 2008

Site Name:

Surficial Aquifer

12L371

30

31301908410402

44.110

191 220034619

Figure A1. Periodic water levels in well 12L371, surficial aquifer, 2003–2008.

Well dry

Figure A–1. Periodic water levels in well 12L371, surficial aquifer, 2003–2008.

Appendix A 21

Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84o' '" "

Well Depth: Datum:feet feetDougherty County Period of Record:

Well Diameter: inches- 2008

Site Name:

Surficial Aquifer

12L376

30

313038084122501

4512

191 220023342

Figure A2. Periodic water levels in well 12L376, surficial aquifer, 2002–2008.Figure A–2. Periodic water levels in well 12L376, surficial aquifer, 2002–2008.


29Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 15o' '15" 31"

Well Depth: 150 Datum: 195feet feetDougherty County Period of Record: 1979

312919084153801

Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008

Site Name:

Upper Floridan Aquifer

11K003

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Figure A3. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11K003, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1979–2008.

Blank where

data aremissing

Figure A–3. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11K003, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1979–2008.

Appendix A 23


Well Depth: 137 Datum: 185feet feetBaker County Period of Record: 1982

312617084110701


Site Name:


12K014


EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Blank where

data aremissing




EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Blank where

data aremissing



312950084131801


Site Name:


12K141


Appendix A 25


Blank where

data aremissing

29Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 09o' '46 " 22"Well Depth: 170 Datum: 172feet feet

Dougherty County Period of Record: 2003-2008

312947084092201

Well Diameter: 4 inches

Site Name: 12K180

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION


Field measurement





313450084091801


Site Name:


12L029

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Figure A7. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L029, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1983–2008.

Blank where

data aremissing

Field measurement

Figure A–7. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L029, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1983–2008.

Appendix A 27

EXPLANATION



313130084101001


Site Name: 12L030



Blank where

data aremissing

EXPLANATION





313040084125901


Site Name: 12L277


EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION


Blank where

data aremissing


Appendix A 29


Blank where

data aremissing



313019084104601


Site Name: 12L370


EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION




30Latitude: 31o

Longitude: 84 10o

' '19" 46"Well Depth: 58 Datum: 188feet feet

Dougherty County Period of Record: 2000

313019084104603


Site Name: 12L372



Appendix A 31

30Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 10o' '00" 02"Well Depth: 170 Datum: 186feet feet


313000084100301


Site Name: 12L373



Blank where

data aremissing

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION




12M017

38Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 09o '' 09" 36"522:mutaD181:htpeD lleW teefteef

Period of Record: 1982

313808084093601


Site Name:

Lee County

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Figure A13. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12M017, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008.

Blank where

data aremissing

Figure A–13. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12M017, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008.

Appendix A 33

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION



13K014



312704084071601


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Blank where

data aremissing

Field measurement




Blank where

data aremissing

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION


13L012



313105084064302


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Field measurement


Appendix A 35

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION


Blank where

data aremissing


13L049



313521084051001


Site Name:

Dougherty County




EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION


13L180

32Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 00o '' 48" 50"Well Depth: 310 Datum: 230feet feet


313247084005001


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Blank where

data aremissing


Appendix A 37

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Figure A18. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L019, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008.

Claiborne Aquifer

12L019



313534084103001


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Blank where

data aremissing

Field measurement

Figure A–18. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L019, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008.


Field measurement

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION


Blank where

data aremissing

Claiborne Aquifer

13L011



313105084064301


Site Name:

Dougherty County


Appendix A 39

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION


Claiborne Aquifer

13L015



313625084041501


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Blank where

data aremissing



Figure A21. Periodic water levels in well 11K002, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008.

Claiborne Aquifer

11K002

26Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 21o '' 54" 01"

183:mutaD320:htpeD lleW teefteefPeriod of Record: 1979

312654084210102


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Figure A–21. Periodic water levels in well 11K002, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008.

Appendix A 41

Figure A22. Periodic water levels in well 11L001, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008.

Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 8 o' 30 3435 '204" "Well Depth: 251 Datum: 220feet feet


313530084203202


Site Name: 11L001

Claiborne Aquifer

Figure A–22. Periodic water levels in well 11L001, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008.


EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Figure A23. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11K005, Clayton aquifer, 1979–2008.

Clayton Aquifer

11K005



312654084210103


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Blank where

data aremissing

Figure A–23. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11K005, Clayton aquifer, 1979–2008.

Appendix A 43

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Figure A24. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11L002, Clayton aquifer, 1973–2008.

Clayton Aquifer

11L002



313532084203501


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Blank where

data aremissing

Figure A–24. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11L002, Clayton aquifer, 1973–2008.



Blank where

data aremissing

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Clayton Aquifer

12L020



313534084103002


Site Name:

Lee County

Field measurement


Appendix A 45

Figure A26. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12M002, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008.

Blank where

data aremissing

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Clayton Aquifer

12M002



313812084125001


Site Name:

Lee County

Field measurement

Figure A–26. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12M002, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008.


EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION


Clayton Aquifer

13L002



313554084062501


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Blank where

data aremissing


Appendix A 47

EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION


Blank where

data aremissing

Clayton Aquifer

13L013



313105084064202


Site Name:

Dougherty County



EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION

Providence AquiferCretaceous Aquifer System

12L021

35Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 10o '' 38" 29"Well Depth: 846 Datum: 195 teefteef


313534084103003


Site Name:

Dougherty County

Figure A29. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L021, Cretaceous aquifer system, 1978–2008.

Blank where

data aremissing

Figure A–29. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L021, Cretaceous aquifer system, 1978–2008.

Appendix B. Water-Quality Data from the Albany, Dougherty County Area, Georgia, November 2008


Table B–1. Site information for water-quality data from the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008.

[—,.no.data.or.not.applicable]

STAID Station number

SNAME Station name

DATE Date as

yyyymmdd

TIME Sample

start time

P72008 Depth of well,

feet below land surface

datum

P72019 Depth to

water level, feet below

land surface

P72000 Altitude of land

surface, feet

P00059 Flow rate,

instantaneous, gallons per

minute

P72004 Pump or flow

period prior to sampling, minutes

312857084132901 12K101 20081105 1325 120 51.32 205.47 — —

312917084123001 12K129 20081105 1145 211 48.1 200 — —

312937084131901 12K175 20081105 1540 187 44.02 198.66 — —

312947084092201 12K180 20081104 1330 170 28.1 171.8 10 —

313020084142501 12L061 20081106 1540 195 31.36 190.15 — —

313040084125901 12L277 20081104 1140 203 36.9 190.7 10 —

313023084113201 12L340 20081103 1730 178.5 43.47 190.82 3 —

313135084132201 12L344 20081106 1440 160 31.13 191.56 — —

313140084130101 12L345 20081107 1000 160 36.53 196.35 — —

313005084121401 12L348 20081106 1035 180 39.48 193 — —

313026084121901 12L350 20081103 1545 191 35.74 189.7 3

313102084134301 12L357 20081106 1250 160 26.84 189.27 — —

313000084100301 12L373 20081104 1515 170 41.35 185.9 10

313038084122501 12L376 20081104 1000 45 36.65 190.7 1.5 —

2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA

20081009 1030 — — 150 — —


20081009 1035 — — 150 — —


20081105 930 — — 150 — —


20081105 1645 — — 150 — —

313202084143801 12L311 20081120 1440 100 18.05 185.8 — 3

313202084143801 12L311 20081120 1020 100 18.05 185.8 — 3

313300084184901 11L020 20081118 1255 150 22.15 208 — 30

313340084220001 11L111 20081119 1230 125 25.98 220 — 2.5

313348084191601 11L077 20081118 1452 130 22 211 — 32

313440084181402 11L116 20081120 1415 150 18.76 209.86 3 50

313504084165701 11L092 20081118 1045 125 32.55 220.3 — 45

313530084203103 11L003 20081119 1650 86 15.49 220 3 46

313554084164601 11L115 20081119 1030 150 25.29 220 — 30

313604084105001 12L010 20081119 1430 895 — 193 — 15

313614084203401 11L112 20081120 1215 180 34.49 232 — 1

313650084122901 12L018 20081120 1300 830 — 231 — 5

Appendix B 51

Table B–2. Field parameters for water-quality samples from the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008.

[°C,.degrees.Celsius;.—,.no.data.or.not.applicable;.<,.less.than;.E,.estimated]


STAID Station numbe

P00025 Barometric pressure,

millimeters of mercury

P00300 Dissolved oxygen, water,

unfiltered, milligrams

per liter

P00400 pH, water, unfiltered,

field, standard

units

P00403 pH, water, unfiltered, laboratory, standard

units

P90095 Specific

conductance, water, unfiltered,

laboratory, microsiemens per centimeter

at 25 °C

P00095 Specific

conductance, water,

unfiltered, microsiemens per centimeter

at 25 °C

P00020 Temperature,

air, °C

P00010 Temperature,

water, °C

312857084132901 12K101 757 7.95 7.77 7.82 222.9 219 —.. 20.26

312917084123001 12K129 755 7.86 7.8 — — 221 — 20.14

312937084131901 12K175 757 7.84 7.69 7.81 257.3 245 20.69

312947084092201 12K180 760 8.19 8 — — 185 — 20.49

313020084142501 12L061 756 6.52 7.46 7.57 397.5 391 — 20.58

313040084125901 12L277 760 5.11 7.4 7.54 388.4 355 — 20.29

313023084113201 12L340 761 <5 7.64 — — 282 — 21.24

313135084132201 12L344 758 0.72 7.46 7.54 333.4 332 — 20.36

313140084130101 12L345 758 3.5 7.83 7.35 338.1 322 — 20.17

313005084121401 12L348 755 7.75 7.78 7.69 336.1 335 — 20.36

313026084121901 12L350 765 — 7.16 — — 364 — 20

313102084134301 12L357 757 1.11 7.6 7.44 393.9 393 — 20.13

313000084100301 12L373 760 7.4 7.77 — — 263 — 20.5

313038084122501 12L376 760 6.74 7.8 7.59 380.1 384 — 20.17


759 7.44 6.89 7.56 128.6 132 21.5 23.14


759 7.44 6.89 — — 132 21.5 23.14


— — 8.49 8.08 104.4 107 —


761 9.13 7.01 — — 110 24.2 18.59

313202084143801 12L311 765 <0.5 E.7.39 — — 293 — E.20.85

313202084143801 12L311 765 <0.5 7.39 7.57 288.7 293 — 20.85

313300084184901 11L020 768 3.57 7.62 7.77 264.9 269 — 19.25

313340084220001 11L111 769 E.4.5 E.7.05 7.5 380.6 374 — E.19

313348084191601 11L077 768 3.74 7.65 7.82 265 269 — 19.42

313440084181402 11L116 768 5.17 7.45 7.7 309.8 313 — 19.62

313504084165701 11L092 767 3.94 7.57 7.62 333.1 339 — 20.24

313530084203103 11L003 769 3.18 7.35 7.85 250.9 247 — 19.15

313554084164601 11L115 769 5.52 7.5 7.71 304.5 294 — 18.99

313604084105001 12L010 — — — — — — —

313614084203401 11L112 766 E.4 E.7.4 7.73 301.7 304 E.20

313650084122901 12L018 — — — — — — — —


Table B–3. Major cations and anions from the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008.

[—,.no.data.or.not.applicable;.<,.less.than;.E,.estimated]


SNAME Station name

P00915 Calcium,

water, filtered

P00925 Magnesium,

water, filtered

P00935 Potassium,

water, filtered

P00930 Sodium, water, filtered

P00417 Acid neutralizing

capacity, water, unfiltered,

fixed endpoint (pH 4.5) titration,

laboratory, as calcium carbonate

P90410 Acid neutralizing

capacity, water, unfiltered,

fixed endpoint (pH 4.5) titration,

laboratory, as calcium carbonate

P00940 Chloride,

water, filtered

P00950 Fluoride,

water, filtered

P00955 Silica, water,

filtered, as SiO2

P00945 Sulfate, water, filtered

Milligrams per liter

312857084132901 12K101 39.33 0.495 0.309 2.101 —.. 95.63 4.795 <0.08 7.999 0.33

312917084123001 12K129 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..

312937084131901 12K175 44.11 0.664 0.436 2.926 102.5 6.839 <0.08 8.198 0.253

312947084092201 12K180 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..

313020084142501 12L061 67.29 1.645 1.069 4.511 —.. 136.5 10.619 <0.08 9.573 1.194

313040084125901 12L277 69.06 1.12 0.806 2.926 —.. 150.4 9.289 <0.08 9.154 1.36

313023084113201 12L340 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..

313135084132201 12L344 62.26 0.967 0.45 2.452 —.. 164.6 4.492 <0.08 9.257 1.522

313140084130101 12L345 58.9 0.842 0.32 2.473 —.. 142.5 5.382 <0.08 9.39 1.049

313005084121401 12L348 58.97 1.125 0.406 3.026 —.. 128 9.004 <0.08 9.254 0.753

313026084121901 12L350 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..

313102084134301 12L357 75 1.129 0.745 3.076 —.. 185.7 6.119 <0.08 9.266 3.665

313000084100301 12L373 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..

313038084122501 12L376 66.12 1.597 1.437 2.679 139.2 10.29 E.0.044 8.815 1.623


—.. —.. —.. —.. 45 —.. —.. —.. —..


—.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..


7.129 1.238 1.876 9.789 —.. 27.94 7.264 E.0.041 9.342 9.544

313202084143801 12L311 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..

313202084143801 12L311 56 0.473 0.6 2.285 151.2 —.. 3.424 E.0.04 9.057 0.447

313300084184901 11L020 53.73 0.851 0.296 1.84 137 —.. 3.258 E.0.063 8.964 0.551

313340084220001 11L111 81.64 0.979 0.331 1.965 206.3 —.. 2.645 <0.08 11.474 1.301

313348084191601 11L077 54.52 0.51 0.127 1.837 138.2 —.. 3.093 <0.08 7.636 0.397

313440084181402 11L116 63.81 0.591 0.179 2.49 154.5 —.. 5.21 <0.08 8.494 0.634

313504084165701 11L092 69.58 0.687 0.328 2.087 173.3 —.. 3.431 <0.08 8.72 0.475

313530084203103 11L003 49.61 0.607 0.176 1.736 130 —.. 3.124 <0.08 9.688 0.422

313554084164601 11L115 62.46 0.601 0.224 1.749 156 —.. 3.146 <0.08 8.432 0.312

313604084105001 12L010 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..

313614084203401 11L112 61.6 1.062 0.345 2.897 154.4 —.. 5.012 <0.08 14.156 1.386

313650084122901 12L018 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..

Appendix B 53

Table B–4. Nutrients and biological data from the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008.

[°C,.degrees.Celsius;.—,.no.data.or.not.applicable;.<,.less.than;.E,.estimated]


SNAME Station

name

P00625 Ammonia

plus organic

nitrogen, water,

unfiltered, as nitrogen

P00610 Ammonia,

water, unfiltered,

as nitrogen

P00631 Nitrate

plus nitrite, water,

filtered, as

nitrogen

P00630 Nitrate

plus nitrite, water,

unfiltered, as

nitrogen

P00613 Nitrite, water,

filtered, as

nitrogen

P00671 Ortho-

phosphate, water,

filtered, as phosphorus

P00665 Phosphorus,

water, unfiltered,

as phosphorus

P00680 Organic carbon, water,

unfiltered

P00310 Biochemical

oxygen demand,

water, unfiltered, 5 days at

20 °C

P31621 Fecal

coliform, A-1 broth method,

44.5 °C, 24 hours,

water, most probable

number per 100 millilitersMilligrams per liter

312857084132901 12K101 —.. — 2.946 — 0.002 — — — — —

312917084123001 12K129 — — 3.481 — 0.002 — — — — —

312937084131901 12K175 — — 4.969 — 0.002 — — — — —

312947084092201 12K180 — — 2.142 — 0.002 — — — — —

313020084142501 12L061 — — 12.506 — 0.001 — — — — —

313040084125901 12L277 — — 8.966 — 0.002 — — — — —

313023084113201 12L340 — — 2.677 — 0.009 — — — — —

313135084132201 12L344 — — 1.414 — 0.002 — — — — —

313140084130101 12L345 — — 4.464 — 0.002 — — — — —

313005084121401 12L348 — — 7.859 — 0.002 — — — — —

313026084121901 12L350 — — 5.249 — 0.002 — — — — —

313102084134301 12L357 — — 2.987 — 0.002 — — — — —

313000084100301 12L373 — — 7.964 — 0.002 — — — — —

313038084122501 12L376 — — 10.126 — 0.002 — — — — —


0.31 0.06 — 0.54 — 0.02 0.18 8.15 0.75 —


— — — — — — — — — 500


— — 0.224 — 0.003 — — — — —

313202084143801 12L311 — — 0.04 — <0.002 — — — — —

313300084184901 11L020 — — 0.496 — <0.002 — — — — —

313340084220001 11L111 — — 0.247 — <0.002 — — — — —

313348084191601 11L077 — — 0.381 — <0.002 — — — — —

313440084181402 11L116 — — 1.593 — <0.002 — — — — —

313504084165701 11L092 — — 1.101 — <0.002 — — — — —

313530084203103 11L003 — — 0.559 — E.0.001 — — — — —

313554084164601 11L115 — — 1.054 — <0.002 — — — — —

313604084105001 12L010 — — — — — — — — — —

313614084203401 11L112 — — 0.533 — <0.002 — — — — —

313650084122901 12L018 — — — — — — — — — —


Manuscript approved on October 26, 2009

For more information about this publication contact: USGS Georgia Water Science Center 3039 Amwiler Road Atlanta, GA 30360 telephone: 770-903-9100

http://ga.water.usgs.gov/

Edited by Kimberly A. WaltenbaughGraphics and layout by Caryl J. Wipperfurth

groundwater conditions and studies in the albany area of dougherty county, georgia, 2008 ·...

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