I I '

i 1

- Groundwater-geochemistry of a small reservoir catchment in Central Tunisia I I

01002 1866

7.P. Montoroi and O. Grunber I

IRD, Bondy, France i ._ - -I

At present, approximately 450' hill reservoirs have been constructed in northern and central Tunisia since the early 1990's. The Direction of Water and Soil Conservation at the Ministry of Agriculture has assigned different aims to these reservoirs: decreasing of soil losses, reducing of dam sedimentation, and replenishing of groundwater tables. Water reservoirs should give an opportunity for nomadic families to settle and to find water supplies for agriculture and domestic uses. Thirty reservoirs are monitored and allow the calculation of water budgets and modelling of catchment water flows.

The main objectives of our work consisted in characterizing spatial water chemistry at a given time (flow and dry periods), in identifying geochemical tracers explaining the relationships between reservoir water and groundwater table and, in fine, in modelling the water-soil-rock interactions.

In May 1998 and April 1999, systematic water sampling was done within and beyond the 18 km2 catchment of El Gouazine located in Central Tunisia. Surface water, groundwater and reservoir water were collected and filtered using a 0.2 mm mesh size. Electrical conductivity at 25°C (EC), pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity were measured in field before and after water filtration with WTW devices. Filtrated water was analyzed at laboratory for major, trace and isotopic elements. Rock and soil samples were collected in different places of the catchment close to the wells where groundwater was sampled.

Surface water and groundwater are highly contrasting in the catchment and the reservoir. The : I reservoir water is alkaline (PH -lo), weakly concentrated (EC< 1 dS m-'), highly oxygenated (> 120 %; range from 9 to 12 mg L-'), and weakly carbonated (alkalinity < 2 mmolc L-I). The chemical characteristics of El Gouazine reservoir water are consistent with those of other reservoirs belonging to the same geological environment. In turn, groundwater is close to neutral, more concentrated (2 < EC < 8,5 dS m-'), weakly oxygenated (< 80 %; range from 3 to 8 mg L-'), and highly carbonated (4 < alkalinity < 11 mmolc L-*). The groundwater is less concentrated in the downstream part of the dam suggesting that an upstream groundwater flow is diluted by reservoir water.

Three types of groundwater are found. In the upper part of the watershed, groundwater is characterized by a calcic and carbonated type under hill summit and, by a cation on equal proportions and chloride type, under hill slope. In the lower part, groundwater is mainly calcic and sulphated as reservoir water.

I Geochemical modelling lead to an evaluation, on the one hand, how the different geological and pedological parts of the watershed contribute to the chemistry of the reservoir water and, on the other hand, how reservoir water contributes to aquifer recharge. !

1 The water chemistry and pedological observations show that the El Gouazine reservoir infiltrate and supply a downstream aquifer. It seems that a general (maybe regional) aquifer flows in the watershed, temporarily supplying the hill reservoir and maintaining an alluvial aquifer.

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5th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry, Cape Town 2000

Table of contents List of sponsoring organisations How to use this volume Classification of abstracts Teclmical programme Submitted abstracts Subject index Author index Author-country-abstract-email cross reference

Conference and field trip sponsors

Amplats Anglocoal Environmental Services

Association for Exploration Geochemistry Eskom

Envirogreen Consultants Geochemical Transactions

International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry Micromass UK Ltd

Pacific Mineral Developments (Pty) Etd Sasol

Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd

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1 138 140 146

How to use this volume n e technical programme is the best place for delegates to start. An author and subject index and a general cross reference at the back are useful for browsers. Non-delegates may Jind the listing of titles by subject nzatter in the first section informative. The numbers assigned to each title are the same as the page numbers on which the full abstract is printed. ColleeLBurgers and Martin Fey did the groundwork of putting this %lunze iogether, a s s ì c w f i n a l stages by Marietta Echeverría, James Willis and Richard O 'Brien. Details of conference organisation and other background information nzay be found on the web page at http://www.uct . ac.za/depts/geolsci/menviro/main. html

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Classification Of abstracts his list is as UP to date as possible but does not accommodate last minute changes to the programme)

P: Geochemical processes and perturbations in diverse environments

P l Atmospheric geochemistry and air quality

44 Spatial radon distributions across fault zones and their environmental implications. Chigu Kang, Hyun-kuk Je and Hyo-Taek Chon

47 Pt, Pd and Rh in the roadside environment, West Central Scotland E. Higney,

62 Metals in the atmosphere as an indicator of biochemical processes in the Earth’s crust. Nikolai Panichev, Dmitri Katskov and Prince Ngobeni

97 Aerosol and dust emission trends in a metropolitan area mineralogy, heavy metals and Pb-isotopes in Viennese dust samples Martin Kralik,;Ernst Lehner, & Jurian Hoogewerff

99 Are heavy metal particulate transport to remote alpine areas a threat to our drinking water resources? Iris Buxbaum & Martin Kralik

109 Anthropogenic airborne lead in sediments from An Loch Mór, Inis Oírr, W. Ireland - new insights into atmospheric lead pollution in Europe during the Roman period G. Schettler, R. L. Romer & M. O’Connel1

110 Vehicle related emissions of platinum group elements and other heavy metals in the urban environment Sue Brothwood, Ron Fuge, Nicholas J. G. Pearce & William T. Perkins

11 6 Detection of non-sea salt sulphate aerosol a t a remote coastal site in South Africa: a PIXE study P. Fomenti, S.J Piketh and H.J. Annegarn

130 Aircraft measurements of atmospheric aerosols over the industrialised Highveld of South Africa S.J Piketh , J. Cumbane, E. Siderras-Haddad, H.J. Annegarn, G. Held and G. Helas.

A. B. MacKenzie, M McCartney I. D. Pulford, C. M. Davidson

P2 Lakes, rivers and wetlands

11 Natural and anthropogenic SO, sources in the Arno River catchment, northern Tuscany, Italy: a chemical and isotopic reconnaissance. G. Cortecci

16 Volcanogenic versus anthropogenic pollution in the Upper Citarum Basin,

41 Temporal variation of suspended particulate matter and trace metals in

64 Beryllium in Czech freshwater and sediment. J. Vesely, T. Navratil and V.

. and E. Dinelli.

West Java, Indonesia. Manfred J. van Bergen and Terry Sriwana

freshwater, Sydney, Australia. V. Hatje, KRae, & G .F. Birch

Majer

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71 Geochemical features of the Butrinti Laggon - Lake and surrounding area Enkelejda Xhemo, Halil Hallaci & Telo Velaj

72 Efficiency of stormwater remedial devices in the removal of contaminants from urban catchments. C. Matthai and G. F. Birch.

74 Modelling the fate of toxic metals in acid river systems at Java, Indonesia Jasper GrXioen and M d e d van Bergen.

77 Processes controlling the retention and release of manganese in the organic- rich catchment of Loch Bradan, SW Scotland Margaret C. Graham, Keith G. Gavin, Alexander Kirka, Andrew Britton and John G. Farmer.

115 The magnitude and timing of minor and trace element delivery from a lacierised Alpine headwater catchment (Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland) - implications for downstream water quality Andrew C. Mitchell, Giles H. Brown & Ron Fuge

1 18 Origin and distribution of the platinum-group elements in the River Stour, Kent, U.K. E. De Vos, S.J. Edwards and I. McDonald

124 Rare earth and metal fluxes from the major Indian rivers R. Ramesh. 128 Radionuclide fate and transport in a river impacted by mine drainage Freda

135 A geochemical investigation of the Lake Sibaya system, Northern Zululand

*

Morris, Peter Wade and Stephan Woodbourne

S.R. Whyte, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

I P3 Groundwater

.-----lS Groundwater geochemistry of a small reservoir catchment in Central Tunisia

43 Extreme 15N values in groundwater as indicators of industrial nitrogen

52 Major ion coherence in waters from selected South African collieries B.A. h i e , M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis.

63 Role of soil minerals in controlling groundwater chemistry Ioannis Sgouras and Stamatios Floras.

68 Isotopes and chemistry as tracers of salinisation processes in coastal aquifers (Atlantic and English Channel coast, France) L. Dever, F. Barbecot, C. Marlin & E. Gibert.

69 Use of 226Ra for groundwater dating F. Barbecot, B. Ghaleb, L. Dever and C.Hillaire-Marcel

91 Fluoride and arsenic in high-pH groundwater from a breccia pipe Lisa Cavé 117 Geochemistry of iron precipitates clogging Karoo wells S.J. Miller, M.V. Fey

121 Nutrients chemistry variation in groundwater of Kancheepuram Taluk,

127The influence of peri-urban development on the Cape Flats aquifer M.

J.P. Montoroi & O. Grunberger

pollution AS. Talma and R. Meyer

and J.P. Willis

South India N.Rajmohan, L.Elango & S.Ramachandran

Mehlomakulu, J. P. Willis, M. V. Fey.

P4 Oceans and estuaries

10 Speciation of bivalent and humic substances associated metals in the Pearl River Estuary. Dacheng Wang, Xiangdong Li, Onyx W.H. Wai and Yok-Sheung Li.

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98

Chemical forms of heavy metals in the sediment profiles of the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Xiangdong Li, Zhenguo Shen, Onyx W. H. Wai and Yok- sheung Li Trace metals in the Port Jackson Estuary, New South Wales, Australia V. Hatje, G. F. Birch & D. M. Hill The importance of speciation in the environmental assessment of a contaminated Sydney Estuary, Australia F. Davies-McConchie, D. McConchie, G. Birch

P5 Soils, sediments and crustal solids

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Use of sediment geochemistry to track forestry related disturbance to salmon spawning habitat, British Columbia, Canada T. Christie and W.K. Fletcher The use of heavy metals to assess the response of receiving basin sediments to urbanisation and industrialisation of the adjacent catchment G. F. Birch, F. Links and S. E..Taylor Mechanisms of lead(1I) binding in soils A.A. Ponizovsky, E.V. Mironenko, L.P. Kondakova and T.A. Studenikina Environmental redox chemistry of layered Fe(II)Fe(III)hydroxides (Green Rusts) H.C.Bruun Hansen, C.Bender Koch & M.Erbs. Geological and geochemical controls on trace metal distribution in soils near a base metal smelter, northern Canada P.J. Henderson, R.D. Knight and I. McMartin. Distribution of Cu, Zn, and Pb in peat and feather moss in the vicinity of the Horne Smelter, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada. I.M. Kettles Different types of fine-grained sediments associated to acid mine drainage in the Libiola Fe-Cu mine area (Ligurian Apennines, Italy) E. Dinelli , F. Tateo. Sorption isotherms of the water-soluble polymeric detergent additive polycarboxylate with a clay mineral C. Bremer, P.Koulumbis and J. Niemeyer. Clay catalyzed coupling of lignin precusors with phenols and chlorinated amines. M. Zai, U. Birke1 and J. Niemeyer Microbial and biochemical indicators to assess quality of young soils developed from mine spoil material G. Machulla, M.A. Bruns, and K.M. Scow. Toxic metal concentrations and Pb isotopes in the floodplain and stream sediments from the Volturno River basin (Campania, Southern Italy): constraints on the natural and anthropogenic origin. R. Somma, R.A. Ayuso, A. Lima, B. De Vivo and S. Pagliuca. Exchangeable base cations and acidity in Swedish forest soils - status and changes between 1983-86 and 1993-1996. Erik Karltun. Chemistry of humic substances in clear-cut and uncut hardwood forest ecosystems in New Hampshire, USA. Chris E. Johnson, K'o H. Dai, and David A.N. Ussiri. Geochemical processes in diverse environment - speciation of copper in contaminated soils from Poland. Zbigniew Bzowski Amending highly weathered soils with finely ground basalt rock G.P. Gillman, D.C. Bukett and R.J. Coventry The mobility of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos in the soils of the Hex River valley Fiona WGregor

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81 Environmental geochemical studies of stratabound, porphyry, and Skarn mineral deposits in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska Robert G. Eppinger, Paul H. Briggs, Danny Rosenkrans, and Vanessa Ballestrazze

85 Impact of pine plantations on the form and mobility of nitrogen in soils of the eastern escarpment region of South Africa M.E. Echeverría, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

86 Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in sediments of Twelve Rivers in Eastern China Chen Jingsheng, Gao Xuemin, Min Qi, Jessica Blunt

92 Nitrogen from rocks? Nitrogen leaching and speciation in laboratory experiments Lisa Cavé and Martin Fey

104Heavy metal behaviour in chernozem and chestnut soils .M. Minkina, A.P.

11 1 Interactions of the insecticide, Permethrin with river sediments Joy Carter. 113 Changes in the surface charge characteristics of degraded soils in the wet

tropics through the addition of beneficiated bentonite A. D. Noble, S. Nath and R. J. Srivastava

134 General characteristics and mobility of lead and zinc in soils which were transformed by urban and industrial impact in the Ruhr area Dieter A. Hiller.

Samokhin, I.M. Martirosyants & D.S. Ribyanets

P6 Waste treatment and environmental rehabilitation

3 Proton and electron microprobe anaIysis of hazardous elements stored in secondary minerals precipitated from acid mine waters H.E. Jamieson,

5 Utilisation of the waste materials, fly ash and brine water, in geopolymeric materials J. C. Swanepoel, C. A. Strydom

7 Environmental geochemistry of abandoned mercury mines in western Nevada, USA. John E. Gray, James G. Crock, Kimberly R. Reece and Zoe Ann Brown.

8 An investigation into the microbial soil decontamination of three hydrocarbon containing soils with the RCR ex situ soil decontamination process. EA Naundorf and M Ginster.

22 Combined abiotidbiotic stimulation of selenium immobilization in a multi- phase environmental system: laboratory studies Gregory Möller, Melanie Bond, Peter Steinhoff and Jon Munkers.

23 Combined abiotichiotic stimulation of selenium immobilization in a multi- phase environmental system: field vadose zone studies Gregory Möller, Kevin Brackney, Peter Steinhoff and Jon Munkers.

27 Characteristics of mining wastes at Tyndrum, Scotland, as a potential source of contaminant heavy metals A. B. MacKenzie and I. D. Pulford

3 1 Geological analogues for circumneutral pH mine tailings: implications for long-term storage, Macraes Mine, Otago, New Zealand D. Chappell, D. Craw and L. Pacheco.

V

40 Spatial distribution and source of heavy metals in reclaimed lands of Homebush Bay: the venue of the 2000 Olympic Games, Sydney, Australia J.Y. Suh & G.F. Birch.

53 Geochemical processes in soils used for large-scale reclamation of municipal effluents by the Soil-Aquifer Treatment (SAT) system A. Banin, Y. Shchar, G. Eshel, D. Greenwald, K.E. Roehl and C. Lin.

55 The environmental impact of solid waste management practices in coal-based power generation Yvonne Hansen and Jim Petrie

65 The use of GPS, and chemical and mineralogical analyses prior to the rehabilitation of waste disposal ponds R. A. F. Warby, J. C. Hughes and A. Simpson

66 The environmental implications of land disposal of water-treatment sludge: effects on soil physical quality M. Moodley, J.C. Hughes, M.A. Johnston and L. W. Titshall

70 Identification of a crystalline cyanide-containing compound in deposited blast furnace sludge Tim Mansfeldt and Reiner Dohrmann

79 Utilization of the waste product, phosphogypsum, in the cement industry E.M. van der Merwe, L.A. Jacobs and C.A. Strydom.

82 In-situ Ozonation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Byung-Tae Lee and Kyoung-Woong Kim

93 Solid-stabilisation of industrial brines by zeolite and sodalite formation A. Bollmann, E.W. Giesekke.

94 Degree of pyritisation (dop) and degree of sulphidisation (dos) in the diagenesis of sub-aerially disposed dredge spoil at Fisherman Islands, Brisbane, Australia M.W. Clark and D.M. McConchie

95 Acid removal and sulfate retention by seawater neutralised bauxite refinery residues (red mud) C. Lin, R.T. Bush, J. Schultz, M.W. Clark, D.M. McConchie and L.A. Sullivan..

101 New treatments for the old problems of acid mine drainage and sulphidic mine tailings storage D. McConchie, M. Clark, C. Hanahan, R. Baun

112 Behavior of the rare earth elements and other heavy metals in ochreous mine drainage Nicholas J.G. Peace, Richard A. White and Ron Fuge.

119 The geochemistry and rehabilitation of a sulphur-contaminated soil near Somerset West, South Africa Mc Keown, R.S., Fey, M.V. and Willis, J.P.

122 The geochemical and microstructural analysis of stabilisedholidified organic waste S. C. Makhathini, M. V. Fey and J. P. Willis.

125 A geochemical study of the effects of land-treating grape-processing effluent near Robertson, Western Cape A G Papini and M. V. Fey

126 129 The Co-neutralisation of acid mine drainage and fly ash R.B. O’Brien, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis.

vi

T: Techniques

Tl Sampling methods, analytical techniques and statistical treatment

13 Atomic absorbtion electrothermal determination of arsenic in soils and plants E.A.Karpova.

14 The importance of uncertainty estimation in environmental geochemistry Michael H. Ramsey.

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Inter-organisational sampling trials on gas concentrations from a landfill site for the estimation of measurement uncertainty Sharon Squire and Michael H. Ramsey The application of microbeam analyses to the interpretation of regolith geochemistry R.A.TClassen, G. McMahon, and R.D. Knight Outlier-resistant symmetrical regression: anomaly recognition and grain- size correction of stream sediments Robert Szava-Kovats. Radioactive waste disposal safety assessments: a simple experimental method to determine the transfer of radioactive nickel into the biosphere S. Denys, E. Leclerc-Cessac , G. Echevarria, J.L. Morel. A novel and time efficient method for the measurement of 210Pb, ’l’Bi and 210Po in aquatic matrices. Colin D. Biggin, Gordon T. Cook, Angus B. Mackenzie and Jacqueline M. Pates. Comparison of original and modified BCR sequential extraction procedures for operational speciation of metals Katherine F. Mossop and Christine M. Davidson.

126 Fluorine in the environment in South West England Ron Fuge and Anna McClure

131 Advances in instrumentation used for high precision isotope ratio measurements in the geosciences Simon Meffm-Main, Zenon Palacz, Patrick Turner and David Churchman.

132 . Multi-elemental analysis of water and sediments using icp-ms without argon-based interferences Fadi Abou-Shakra and David Churchman

133 Oxygen-Sulphur Isotopic Measurements in Continuous Flow Mode -Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry: Application to discovering the origin of dissolved sulphates in Himalayan rivers John Morrison, Christian France- Lanord, Anne Catherine Pierson-Wick” and David Churchman

T2 Monitoring, mapping and modelling

2 Toxicological risk assessment of radioactive waste disposals: methodology and application to lead M-O. Gallerand

12 Quantitative-spatial assessment of the risks associated with high Pb loads in soils A. Korre , S. Durucan and A. Koutroumani, T H Huxley.

32 Combined use of radiogenic and stable isotopes with hydrochemistry to identify and quantify pollution contributions to ground and surface water Bruce Eglhgton

33 Barents ecogeochemistry - first results from a new environmental geochemical project Tenhola, M., Chekushin, V. Rehann, C. and S a k e n , R.

39 Geochemical data for environmental and resource management in Angola Manuel S. Pinto.

51 Mapping of heavy metals content in soils of Aragon (NE Spain) Ana Navas and Javier Machin.

56 Mapping soil acidification sensitivity - a GIS approach. Erik Karltun, J o h n Stendahl and Elisabet Göransson

75 Baselines of certain bioavailable and total heavy metal concentrations in Finland T. Tarvainen, and E. Kallio,

76 Stable lead isotopic characterisation of the historical record of environmental lead contamination in dated freshwater lake sediment cores

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from Central and Northern Scotland John G. Farmer, Lorna J. Eades, Angus B. MacKenzie, Anthony E. Bailey-Watts and Alexander Kiriia.

96 Arsenic, mercury and trace elements in tailing, soil and plants near Um Greiayte goid mine (Aswan, Egypt) M.N.Rashed and R.Sanzolone.

100 Regional distribution of Pd, Pt and Au in moss, humus and soils in the surroundings of Ni-smelters in Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia Niskavaara, H., Reimam, C. and Kontas, E.

108 Annual laminated lake records and their different geochemical responses to palaeoenvironmental variations during the last 13 ka (Meerfelder Maar, Schalkenmehrener Maar, Holzmaar; Westeifel, Germany) G. Schettler & J.F. W. Negendank

B: Biological Responses

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Microbes and plants

The disposal of saline effluents over pastures: growth o kikuyu grass in pots treated with varying levels of sodium salts and a manganese rich effluent A. J. Mills. Differences in mineral nutrition and copper resistance between cotypes of Silene armeria plants from different habitats Alessandra Lombini, Enrico Dinelli, Charlotte Poschenrieder, Mercè Llugany & Juan Barcel The effect of chemical additives used for the immobilisation of heavy metals in contaminated soils on plant seedling growth J.P. Obbard and R.R. Stanforth Critical concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb in soils based on nitrification Shkelqim Cela and Malcolm E. Sumner Biotransformation of chemical forms of cadmium by bacteria Pseudomonas sp. Nikolai Panichev and Aleksei Djakov The environmental implications of land disposal of water-treatment sludge: soil chemistry and fertility aspects S M Buyeye, J C Hughes, V. Dorasamy and D. Hlabisa The effect of fertilization on the Cd-content of winter wheat Zoltán Gyori, Attila J. Palencsár, Béla Kovács and József Prokisch Chromium(I1I) complexes in soil: toxicity and bioavailability József Prokisch, Béla Kovács, Zoltán Gyori, László Simon and Ildikó Szegvári Quantificatioa of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cadmium uptake from subsurface soils Lars Johnsson, Ingrid Öborn, Gunilla Jansson and Dan Berggren.

103 Eichhornin crtpssipes - a biosorbent of metals from fly ash leachates in River Yamuna, India A. Mehra, M. E. Farago, D. K. Banerjee and K. B. Cordes

B2 Ecosystems; animal and human health

9 The geochemical status of Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya and implications for the nutrition of wild animals Paul Sutton, Iain Thomton and John Maskall.

87 Exposure to soils and dusts contaminated with high concentrations of arsenic M. E. Farago, P. J. Kavanagh, I. Thornton, and M. A. Hassden

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90 Heavy metals (lead, arsenic & mercury) toxicity in the Migori gold mining areas: potential impact on human health Monica A. Omulo and Jason S. Ogola

105 Effect of oral cadmium ingestion on iron supplementation efficiency in anaemic rats Zbigniew Krejpcio and Danuta Olejnik.

106 Effect of oral cadmium intoxication on zinc and copper status in anaemic rats Zbigniew Krejpcio

114 Biological and Human Health Factors Related to the Environmental Geochemistry of Maputaland, South Africa Portia Ceruti & Martin Fey.

123 Geochemistry and the nutrition of agricuItura1 livestock and wildlife Iain Thornton.

ST: Special topics (for programming purposes these papers were incorporated into categories P2, P5, P6 or B2).

STl Redox-sensitive, oxy-anionic trace elements in geochemical environments (As, Se, Cr, U, V)

26 Formation of selenocyanate - an important, but overlooked mobilization pathway of selenium in mining operations Dirk Wallschläger and Nicolas S Bloom.

38 Forms of As in soils of natural and technogenic landscapes and their significance in environmental geochemistry Galina Motuzova, Elena Karpova and Rodion Aptikaev.

45 Arsenic and heavy metal contamination in soils-crops-drainage's in the vicinity of an abandoned metalliferous mine in Korea Churl Gyu Lee and Hyo-Taek Chon

102 Oxidation and toxicity of chromium in ultramafic soils in Zimbabwe G.R.C. Cooper.

107 A study of the factors influencing the oxidation of Cr(IP1) to Cr(VI) inCrz03- C a 0 powder mixes Pillay K., Petersen J., Von Blottnitz H.

ST2 Geochemistry of mineral-organic interactions

54 The use of zeolites synthesized from coal fly ash as a sorbent for organic waste streams C.D. Woolard and P.J. Strong.

ST3 Postgraduate training perspectives in environmental geochemistry

37 Modern problems in postgraduate training in environmental soil science and biogeochemistry in Russia. Galina Motuzova.

ix

5* International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry, Cape Town 2000

Technical programme (numbers refer to pages on which the abstracts and author aflliations may be found)

Tuesday 8:45 Opening remarks

Plenary session I : Geochemical processes - Soils and sediments Session chair: J G Farmer 9:oo

9: 15

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4

Use of sediment geochemistry to track forestry related disturbance to salmon spawning habitat, British Columbia, Canada. T. Christie and W.K. Fletcher The use of heavy metals to assess the response of receiving basin sediments to urbanisation and industrialisation of the adjacent catchment. G. Birch, F. Links and S.E. Taylor

15 Environmental redox chemistry of layered Fe(II)Fe(III)hydroxides (Green Rusts). H. C. Bruun Hansen, C. Bender Koch and M. Erbs

25 Distribution of Cu, Zn, and Pb in peat and feather moss in the vicinity of the Horne Smelter, Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada. I. M. Kettles

28 Different types of fine-grained sediments associated to acid mine drainage in the Libiola Fe-Cu mine area (Ligurian Apennines, Italy). E. Dinelli, and F.Tateo

vicinity of an abandoned metalliferous mine in Korea. Churl Gyu Lee and Hyo-Taek Chon

9:ao

9 4 5

1o:oo

10: 15 45 Arsenic and heavy metal contamination in soils-crops-drainage's in the

10:30 Tea

Plenary session 2: Geochemical processes - Waste and rehabilitation Session chair: A. Mehra 11:oo 6 Proton and electron microprobe analysis of hazardous elements stored in

secondary minerals precipitated fiom acid mine waters. H. E. Jamieson.and W.J. Przybylowicz

Utilisation of the waste materials, fly ash and brine water, in geopolymeric materials. J. C. Swanepoel and C. A. Strydom Environmental geochemistry of abandoned mercury mines in western Nevada, USA. J.E. Gray, J.G. Crock, K.R Reece and Zoe Ann Brown An investigation into the microbial soil decontamination of three hydrocarbon containing soils with the RCR ex situ soil decontamination process. E.A. Naundorf and M. Ginster

22 Combined abiotichiotic stimulation of selenium immobilization in a multi- phase environmental system: laboratory studies. G. Möller, M. Bond, P. Steinhoff and J. Munkers

11:15 5

7

8

11:30

Il:&

12:oo

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12:15 23 Combined abiotic/biotic stimulation of selenium immobilization in a multi- phase environmental system: field vadose zone studies. G. Möller, K, Brackney, P. Steinhoff and J. Munkers

of contaminant heavy metals. A.B. MacKenzie and I.D. Pulford 12:30

12:45 Lunch

Parallel session 1 a: Geochemical processes - Groundwaters and estuaries Session chair: G F Birch 1:45

2:oo

2: 15

2:30

2:45

Parallel session lb: Biological response - Microbes and plants Session chair: J C Hughes 1:45

27 Characteristics of mining wastes at Tyndrum, Scotland, as a potential source

18 Groundwater geochemistry of a small reservoir catchment in Central Tunisia.

52 Major ion coherence in waters from selected South African collieries.

69 Use of 226Ra for groundwater dating. F. Barbecot, B. Ghaleb, L. Dever and

91 Fluoride and arsenic in high-pH groundwater from a breccia pipe. L. Cavé 1 17 Geochemistry of iron precipitates clogging Karoo wells. S.J. Miller,

J.P. Montoroi and O. Grunberger

B.A. Azzie, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

C. Hillaire-Marcel

M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

20 The disposal of saline effluents over pastures: growth of kikuyu grass in pots treated with varying levels of sodium salts and a manganese rich effluent. A. J. Mills and M V Fey

30 Differences in mineral nutrition and copper resistance between cotypes of Silene armeria plants from different habitats. A. Lombini, E. Dinelli, C. Poschenrieder, M. Llugany, J. Barcel

in contaminated soils on plant seedling growth. J.B. Obbard and R.R. Stanforth

Shkelqim Cela and M.E. Sumner

sp. N. Panichev and A. Djakov

2:oo

2: 15 48 The effect of chemical additives used for the immobilisation of heavy metals

2:30

2:45

3:OO Tea

Parallel session 2a: Geochemical processes - Groundwaters and estuaries Session chair: T Tarvainen 3:30

3:45

49 Critical concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb in soils based on nitrification.

59 Biotransformation of chemical forms of cadmium by bacteria Pseudomonas

127 The influence of peri-urban development on the Cape Flats aquifer. M. Mehlomakulu, J. P. Willis, M. V. Fey

10 Speciation of bivalent and humic substances associated metals in the Pearl River Estuary. Dacheng Wang, Xiangdong Li, Onyx W.H. Wai and Yok-Sheung Li

21 Chemical forms of heavy metals in the sediment profiles of the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Xiangdong Li, Zhenguo Shen, Onyx W. H. Wai and Yok-sheung Li

4:OO

xi

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4:15 63 Role of soil-minerals in controlling groundwater chemistry Ioannis Sgouras

98 The importance of speciation in the environmental assessment of a and Stamatios Floras

contaminated Sydney Estuary, Australia. F. Davies-McConchie, D. McConchie and G. Birch

4:30

Parallel session 2b: Geochemical processes - Atmosphere Session chair: H JAnnegarn 3:30

3:45

44 Spatial radon distributions across fault zones and their environmental implications. Chigu Kang, Hyun-kuk Je and Hyo-Taek Chon

47 Pt, Pd and Rh in the roadside environment, West Central Scotland. E. Higney, A.B. MacKenzie, M McCartney I.D. Pulford and C.M. Davidson

Earth’s crust. N. Panichev, D. Katskov and P. Ngobeni

metals and Pb-isotopes in Viennese dust samples. M. Kralik, E. Lehner and J. Hoogewerff

4:OO

4: 15

62 Metals in the atmosphere as an indicator of biochemical processes in the

97 Aerosol and dust emission trends in a metropolitan area mineralogy, heavy

4:30 General discussion and announcements

Wednesday Plenary session 1: Geochemical processes - Soils and sediments Session chair: R Fuge 9:oo

9: 15

57 Exchangeable base cations and acidity in Swedish forest soils - status and changes between 1983-86 and 1993-1996. E. Karltun

58 Chemistry of humic substances in clear-cut and uncut hardwood forest ecosystems in New Hampshire, USA. C.E. Johnson, K’o H. Dai and D.A.N. Ussiri

78 Amending highly weathered soils with finely ground basalt rock. G.B. Gillman, D.C. Burkett and R.J. Coventry

1 1 1 Interactions of the insecticide, Permethrin with river sediments. J. Carter 80 Environmental geochemical studies of stratabound, porphyry, and skarn

mineral deposits in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska. R.G. Eppinger, P.H. Briggs, D. Rosenkrans and V. Ballestrazze

85 Impact of pine plantations on the form and mobility of nitrogen in soils of the eastern escarpment region of South Africa. M.E. Echeverría, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

9:30

9:45

1o:oo

10: 15

f0:30 Tea

Plenary session 2: Geochemical processes - Waste and rehabilitation Session chair: J Carter 1 l:oo 3 1 Geological analogues for circumneutral pH mine tailings: implications for

long-term storage, Macraes Mine, Otago, New Zealand. D. Chappell, D. Craw and L. Pacheco

11:15 40 Spatial distribution and source of heavy metals in reclaimed lands of xii

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i

Homebush Bay: the venue of the 2000 Olympic Games, Sydney, Australia. J.Y. Suh and G.F. Birch

53 Geochemical processes in soils used for large-scale reclamation of municipal effluents by the Soil-Aquifer Treatment (SAT) system. A. Banin, Y. Shachar, G. Eshel, D. Greenwald, K.E. Roehl and C. Lin

55 The environmental impact of solid waste management practices in coal-based power generation. Y. Hansen and J. Petrie

65 The use of GPS, and chemical and mineralogical analyses prior to the rehabilitation of waste disposal ponds. RA.F. Warby, J.C. Hughes and A. Simpson

effects on soil physical quality. M. Moodley, J.C. Hughes, M.A. Johnston and L.W. Titshall

fixnace sludge. T. Mansfeldt and R. Dohrmann

11:30

11:45

12:oo

12: 15 70 The environmental implications of land disposal of water-treatment sludge:

12:30 79 Identification of a crystalline cyanide-containing compound in deposited blast

12:45 Lunch

Parallel session la: Geoclzemical processes - Inland waters Session chair:R Ramesh 1:45 11 Natural and anthropogenic SO, sources in the Arno River catchment, northern

Tuscany, Italy: a chemical and isotopic reconnaissance. G. Cortecci and E. Dinelli

16 Volcanogenic versus anthropogenic pollution in the Upper Citarum Basin, West Java, Indonesia. M.J. van Bergen and T. Sriwana

64 Beryllium in Czech freshwater and sediment. J. Vesely, T. Navratil and V. Majer

74 Modelling the fate of toxic metals in acid river systems at Java, Indonesia. J. Griffioen and M. van Bergen

77 Processes controlling the retention and release of manganese in the organic- rich catchment of Loch Bradan, SW Scotland. M.C. Graham, K.G. Gavin, A. Kirika, A. Britton and J.G. Farmer

2:oo

2: 15

230

2:45

Parallel session 1 b: Techniques - Monitoring, mapping and modeling Session chair: A B MacKenzie 1:45

2:oo

2: 15

2 Toxicological risk assessment of radioactive waste disposals : methodology and application to lead. M-O. Gallerand

12 Quantitative-spatial assessment of the risks associated with high Pb loads in soils. A. Korre, S. Durucan and A. Koutroumani

33 Barents ecogeochemistry - first results from a new environmental geochemical project. M. Tenhola, V. Chekushin, C. Reimann and R. SaIminen

and J. Machin

J. Stendahl and E. Göransson

2:30

2:45

3:QO Tea

5 1 Mapping of heavy metals content in soils of Aragon (NE Spain). A. Navas

56 Mapping soil acidification sensitivity - a GIS approach. E. Karltun,

xiii

Parallel session 2a: Geochemical processes - Atmosplzere Session chair: M Kralik 3:30 109 Anthropogenic airborne lead in sediments fi-om An Loch MÓr, Inis Ohr, W.

Ireland - new insights into atmospheric lead pollution in Europe during the Roman period. G. Schettler, R L. Romer and M. O’Connel1

110 Vehicle related emissions of platinum group elements and other heavy metals in the urban environment. S. Brothwood, R Fuge, N.J.G. Pearce and W.T. Perkins

1 16 Detection of non-sea salt sulphate aerosol at a remote coastal site in South Africa: a PIXE study. P. Formenti, S.J Piketh and H.J. Annegarn

130 Aircraft measurements of atmospheric aerosols over the industrialised Highveld of South Africa. S. J Piketh, J. Cumbane, E. Siderras-Haddad, H.J. Annegarn, G. Held and G. Helas

3:45

4:OO

4: 15

Parallel session 2b: Techniques -Monitoring, mapping and modeling Session chair: I Thornton 3:30

3:45

75 Baselines of certain bioavailable and total heavy metal concentrations in Finland. T. Tarvainen and E. Kallio

76 Stable lead isotopic characterisation of the historical record of environmental lead contamination in dated freshwater lake sediment cores from Central and Northern Scotland. J.G. Farmer, L. J. Eades, A.B. MacKenzie, A.E. Bailey-Watts and A. Kirika

100 Regional distribution of Pd, Pt and Au in moss, humus and soils in the surroundings of Ni-smelters in Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia. H. Niskavaara, C. Reimann and E. Montas

108 Annual laminated lake records and their different geochemical responses to palaeoenvironmental variations during the last 13 ka (Meerfelder Maar, Schalkenmehrener Maar, Holzmaar; Westeifel, Germany). G. Schettler and J.F.W. Negendank

4:OO

4: 15

4:3O General discussion and announcements followed by posters (bar service available)

Friday Plenary session I : Geochemical processes - Inland waters Session chair: E Karltun 9:00 1 15 The magnitude and timing of minor and trace element delivery from a

lacierised Alpine headwater catchment (Haut Glacier d’kolla, Switzerland) - implications for downstream water quality. A.C. Mitchell, G.H. Brown and R Fuge

Kent, U.K. E. De Vos, S.J. Edwards and I. McDonald 9: 15

9:30

9:45

118 Origin and distribution of the platinum-group elements in the River Stour,

124 Rare earth and metal fluxes from the major Indian rivers. R. Ramesh 128 Radionuclide fate and transport in a river impacted by mine drainage.

F Morris, P. Wade and S. Woodbourne

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1o:oo

10:15

10:30 Tea

135 Geochemical investigation of the Lake Sibaya system, Northern Zululand.

136 Study of the environmental impact of heavy metals in the Kentish river Stour, S.R Whyte, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

U.K. D.N. Chatter-Singh and D.S. Wray

Plenary session 2: Geochemical processes - Waste and rehabilitation Session chair: M E Farago 11:oo

11:15

11:30

11:45

79 Utilization of the waste product, phosphogypsum, in the cement industry. E.M. van der Merwe, L.A. Jacobs and C.A. Strydom

82 In-situ Ozonation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Byung-Tae Lee and Kyoung-Woong Kim

93 Solid-stabilisation of industrial brines by zeolite and sodalite formation. A. Bollmann and E.W. Gieseke

94. Degree of pyritisation (dop) and degree of sulphidisation (dos) in the diagenesis of sub-aerially disposed dredge spoil at Fisherman Islands, Brisbane, Australia. M.W. Clark and D.M. McConchie

95, Acid removal and sulfate retention by seawater neutralised bauxite refinery residues (red mud). C. Lin, RT. Bush, J. Schultz, M.W. Clark, D.M. McConchie and L.A. Sullivan

mine tailings storage. D. McConchie, M. Clark, C. Hanahan and R Baun

Somerset West, South Afi-ica. R.S. Mc Keown, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

12:oo

12~15

12:30

12:45 Lunch

101 New treatments for the old problems of acid mine drainage and sulphidic

119 The geochemistry and rehabilitation of a sulphur-contaminated soil near

I

Parallel session la: Biological response - Microbes and plants Session chair: M E Sumner 1:45 67 The environmental implications of land disposal of water-treatment sludge:

soil chemistry and fertility aspects. S.M. Buyeye, J.C. Hughes, V. Dorasamy and D. Hlabisa

83 The effect of fertilization on the Cd-content of winter wheat. Z. Gyori, A.J. Palencsár, B. Kovács and J. Prokisch

84 Chromium(II1) complexes in soil: toxicity and bioavailability. J. Prokisch, B. Kovács, Z. Gyori, L. Simon and I. Szegvári

89 Quantification of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L,) cadmium uptake fiom subsurface soils. L. Johnsson, I. Öborn, G. Jansson and D. Berggren

103 Eichhonzia crassipes - a biosorbent of metals from fly ash leachates in River Yamuna, India. A Mehra, M E Farago, D K Banerjee, K B Cordes, V. Reineke and B. Seiffert

2:oo

2: 15

2:30

2:45

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I

Parallel session lb: TechniquesSampling, analysis and statistics Session chair: D Chappe11 1:45

2:oo

14 The importance of uncertainty estimation in environmental geochemistry.

17 Inter-organisational sampling trials on gas concentrations fiom a landfill site M.H. Ramsey

I xv

_ _ _ _ _ ~

for the estimation of measurement uncertainty. S. Squire and M.H. Ramsey

geochemistry. RA. Klassen, G. McMahon, and R.D. Knight

correction of stream sediments. R. Szava-Kovats

to determine the transfer of radioactive nickel into the biosphere. S. Denys, E. Leclerc-Cessac G. Echevarria, J.L. Morel

2: 15

2:30

2:45

19 The application of microbeam analyses to the interpretation of regolith

29 Outlier-resistant symmetrical regression: anomaly recognition and grain-size

50 Radioactive waste disposal safety assessments: a simple experimental method

3:OO Tea

Parallel session 2a: Biological response - Ecosystems, animal and human health Session chair: J P Willis 3:30

3:45

4:OO

4: 15

123Geochemistry and the nutrition of agricultural livestock and wildlife. I. Thornton

87 Exposure to soils and dusts contaminated with high concentrations of arsenic. M.E. Farago, P.J. Kavanagh, I. Thornton and M.A. Hassanien

114Biological and Human Health Factors Related to the Environmental Geochemistry of Maputaland, South Africa. P. Ceruti and M.V. Fey

9 The geochemical status of Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya and implications for the nutrition of wild animals. P. Sutton, I. Thornton and J. Maskall

102 Oxidation and toxicity of chromium in ultramafic soils in Zimbabwe. G.R.C. Cooper

73 Ground water as an overlooked source of iodine, a megacatalyst in the nutrition of wild and domestic herbivores. A.V. Milewski and RE. Diamond

4:30

4:45

Parallel session 26: TeclzniquesSampling, analysis and statistics Session chair: M H Ramsey 3:30 60 A novel and time efficient method for the measurement of 210Pb, 210Bi and

210Po in aquatic matrices. C.D. Biggin, G.T. Cook, A.B. Mackenzie and J.M. Pates

88 Comparison of original and modified BCR sequential extraction procedures for operational speciation of metals. K.F. Mossop and C.M. Davídson

126Fluorine in the environment in South West England. R. Fuge and A. McClure

13 1 Advances in instrumentation used for high precision isotope ratio measurements in the geosciences. S. Meffan-Main, 2. Palacz, P. Turner and D. Churchman

3:45

4:OO

4: 15

4:30 General discussion and announcements followed by posters (bar service available)

xvi

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I

9: O0

9: 15

9:30

9:45

1o:oo

86 Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in sediments of Twelve Rivers in Eastern China. Chen Jingsheng, Gao Xuemin, Min Qi, Jessica Blunt

92 Nitrogen from rocks? Nitrogen leaching and speciation in laboratory experiments. L. Cavé and M.V. Fey

104Heavy metal behaviour in chernozem and chestnut soils. M. Minkina, A.P. Samokhin, I.M. Martirosyants and D.S. Ribyanets

80 The mobility of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos in the soils of the Hex River valley. F. M'Gregor

113 Changes in the surface charge characteristics of degraded soils in the wet tropics through the addition of beneficiated bentonite. A. D. Noble, S. Nath and R.J. Srivastava

134 General characteristics and mobility of lead and zinc in soils which were transformed by urban and industrial impact in the Ruhr area. D.A. Hiller

I i 1 I

10: 15

10:30 Tea

Plenary session 2: Geochemical processes - Waste and rehabilitation Session chair: D M McConchie 11:oo

11:15

11:30

11:45

12:OO

122 The geochemical and microstructural analysis of stabilised I solidified organic waste. S.C. Makhathini, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

125 A geochemical study of the effects of land-treating grape-processing effluent near Robertson, Western Cape. A.G. Papini, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

129 The Co-neutralisation of acid mine drainage and fly ash. RD. O'Brien, M.V. Fey and J.P. Willis

107 A study of the factors influencing the oxidation of Cr(II1) to Cr(VI) inCrzO3- Ca0 powder mixes. K. Pillay, J. Petersen and H. Von Blottnitz

54 The use of zeolites synthesized from coal fly ash as a sorbent for organic waste streams. C.D. Woolard and P.J. Strong

26 Formation of selenocyanate - an important, but overlooked, mobilization pathway of selenium in mining operations. D. Wallschlfger and N.S. Bloom

120 Development of expert systems-based software for decision-support purposes in land-based application of treated wastewater. K.O.H. Murphy

12:15

12:3O

12:45 Closing ceremony

Poster papers to be introduced by authors on Wednesday and Friday 16.30:

24 Geological and geochemical controls on trace metal distribution in soils near a base metal smelter, northern Canada P.J. Henderson, R.D. Knight and I. MeMartin

39 Geochemical data for environmental and resource management in Angola Manuel S. Pinto 41 Temporal variation of suspended particulate matter and trace metals in freshwater, Sydney,

Australia. Hatje, V., Rae, K., Birch, G .F.

xvii

Posters (continued)

42 Trace metals in the Port Jackson Estuary, New South Wales, Australia. Hatje, V, Birch, G. F., Hill, D. M.

46 Toxic metal concentrations and Pb isotopes in the floodplain and stream sediments from the Voltumo River basin (Campania, Southern Italy): constraints on the natural and anthropogenic origin. R. Somma, R.A. Ayuso, A. Lima, B. De Vivo and S. Pagliuca.

68 Isotopes and chemistry as tracers of salinisation processes in coastal aquifers (Atlantic and English Channel coast, France) L. Dever, F. Barbecot, C. Marlin & E. Gibert

99 Are heavy metal particulate transport to remote alpine areas a threat to our drinking water resources? Buxbaum, Iris & KraIik, Martin.

131 Advances in instrumentation used for high precision isotope ratio measurements in the geosciences Simon Meffan-Main, Zenon Palacz, Patrick Turner and David Churchman

132 Multi-elemental analysis of water and sediments using ICP-MS without argon-based interferences Fadi Abou-Shakra and David Churchman

xviii