groundwater governance regimes in australia - how to achieve multiple objectives in complex socio...
TRANSCRIPT
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Groundwater governance regimes in Australia - how to achieve multiple objectives in
complex socio ecological systems-lessons for
India and Pakistan
Professor Jennifer McKaySenior fellows program Australia Nov06-March 07
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Groundwater governance in South Australia
PREPARED BY:• Writing and Summary workshop 27-30 March 2007, New Delhi
Groundwater governance in Asia in theory and practice-training and research program.
SPONSORED BY:• IWMI, Groundwater governance in Asia, CGIAR Challenge Program on Water ,Food and Environment.
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Acknowledgements
• Dr Villholth, Dr B Sharma, Mark Gordiano, Dr Sabatier.• University of SA especially Adam Gray, Ganesh
Keremane and Prof Atique Islam• DLWBC John Bourne, Steve Barnett and Dr John
Radcliffe SA NWI COMMISSIONER, National Groundwater School SA
• Senior fellows Dr Dutta and Professors Sudan and Lashari.
• RV Rama Mohan and Aamir Nazear
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Groundwater management
Best practice scheme has these elements• 1 conjunctive with surface water,• 2 has a licensing systems for users
through State or Crown ownership or another mechanism,
• 3 sets SAFE YIELD and regulates allocation and use
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Commons poem
They hang the man and flog the woman
That steal the goose from off the common,
But let the greater villain loose
That steals the common from the goose.
English folk poem, circa 1764
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Plan of this talk
1. Australian methods to achieve Best Practice model as above
details about Share of Consumptive pool allocation and use model being implemented in all States in next 3 years. Background on area conversion and volumetric approaches.
Golden opportunity for Senior fellows to monitor this roll out and the social problems. Learn form our mistakes.
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Plan of this talk cont…
2. Lessons for India 3. Lessons for Pakistan4. Dr Peck and I have a proposal for a legal
aspects senior fellows program5. Support for Dr Dutta to pursue the Groundwater
data infrastructure plan6. Dr Sudan to set up NGO and7. Dr Lashari to work on volumetric conversion
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Surface and groundwater irrigation
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Great Artesian basin
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Declarations of drought
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Complex socio-ecological systems
• The issue for all water management is how to create sustainable socio- ecological systems.
• the dimensions of these systems vary in place and time as we have heard from the junior fellows and the Senior fellows from this program.
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Framework
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Dethridge wheels
• Equivalent of Persian wheels
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Modern total channel control
• Solar powered flume gates, NSW
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Modern total channel control
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Water law in Australia• State has power and replaced the common law
riparian rule and groundwater ownership rule( land owner owns water and can use all he likes) with licensing system soon as agriculture provoked conflict
• Commonwealth through funding has EXERTED of influence ie CoAG in 1994 and NWI in 2004.
• NWI has 80 objectives one of these is Consumptive share approach to replace area irrigation allowances and volumetric allocation.
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Land and water nexus
• OWNERSHIP OF WATER• Australia moved from riparian system to
licensing system area based to volumetric to now % of consumptive pool.
• over use and over allocation a problem especially under riparian greed but under licensing system as poor hydrological info
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Land and water ownership• land and water not tied together anymore
since 1994 which has created flexibility and retirement of some land from irrigation.
• Facilitated water markets and revisions of water allocation amounts
• objective is to achieve ESD use so environmental allocations worked out first and the remaining water is the consumptive pool.
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Institutions, organisations and laws
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Share of consumptive pool
• New concept under NWI but foreshadowed in 1994 reforms
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Share of consumptive pool
• This will reduce water use as growers will only get a % of the permissible annual volume PAV allowed from a GW or SW source. PAV set by State Governments and part of water plan.
• The amount of water is not fixed as before but will vary annually.
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Ground water used instead of surface
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Other aspects of NWI
• A common lexicon for water terms in the State acts.
• more data sharing and common platforms between the States.
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The Labour in Carrying Water
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Australia India and Pakistan GW
Australia India Pakistan
Ownership
Crown in right of State
State subject SW
Private GW
State SW
Private GW
Land nexus
Not linked
linked linked strongly
Allocation
Volumetric now% share of consumptive pool
Groundwater bill adopted in 7 States difficult implementation
Warabandi for surface only
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Australia, India Pakistan GW
Australia India Pakistan
Duration
Every 5 year review
No license for GW No License for GW
Priority
Equal losses to satisfy ESD
None None
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Australia, India and Pakistan GW
Australia
Rights issued by?
Crown
India
GW Act for drillers but difficulty implementing
Pakistan No License for GW but surface system managed by Provincial Irrigation Department
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Australia, India Pakistan GW
Australia
Conflict resolution
Court of each State
India Water users Associations at that level.
Members of Panchyats then civil court
Pakistan Ist at Farmers organisations level then to irrigation department lastly civil court
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Lessons
• Need an allocation system for water separate from land.
• Need to encourage more Group sharing of GW wells.
• Need to get the data to work out the PAV and educate growers about the need to preserve the resource ie safe yield
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Lessons
• need to separate land and water but be careful to regulate water monopolists through law
• need to get the States and Provinces to have uniform laws
• need to have external dispute resolution means see Halanaik and Mckay on Meshana.
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Thank you
• Thank you for the opportunity to work with the fellows and IWMI persons and Prof Peck.
• There will be long term impacts of the Program and it will be important to keep in touch Prof Sudan has a mechanism for this.
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IWMI and CGIAR Summary workshop
Groundwater Governance in Asia
30 March 2007