CIVIL WARGroup 11: Larissa Amaral, Brendan Hamill,

Kaylee Halsey, Jonathan Wolf

North and South Strengths and Weaknesses

North Strengths: Home of majority of population, farmland, factories, production, firearm productions, and railroads.

South Strengths: Advantage of fighting on the homefront and had strong military leadership.

Beginnings of WarFort Sumter (April 12,1861):South opened fire against the

North. This angered the North thus beginning the Civil War. First Battle of Bull-run (July 21, 1861): North

attempted to demonstrate superiority over the South by trying to capture Confederate capital of Richmond. Victory of the South increased their confidence dangerously. Norths loss showed them that a one battle war was not realistic.

Battle of Antietam(August 29-30, 1862): Confederate army invade the Union through Maryland hoping Maryland would join the confederacy. Known as the bloodiest battle of the civil war and ultimately lead to Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation.

Battle of Gettsyburg(July 1, 1863): Turning point in the war in which 50,000 people died and South lost opportunity to invade the north.

Generals and Military TacticsAnaconda Plan (Union General Scott): General Winfield Scott’s plan in 1861 for subduing the seceding states at the beginning of

the civil war without actually going to war with the South. Called for a defense of Washington, D.C., a blockade of the confederacy’s Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and a large land and naval attack along the Mississippi River so no cotton could be exported and no war supplies could be imported while also dividing the South in two.

Total War (Union General Grant):General Grant was the general for the Union who defeated the confederates lead by General

Robert E. Lee and negotiated the South’s surrender at the Appomattox Court House in Virginia . In 1864 Grant ordered General Sherman to take men through the heart of the South using “total war” tactics meaning no one was innocent and private property was fair game. Sherman’s March on the Sea involved the defeat of Confederate troops protecting Atlanta, Georgia and the burning of the city. Sherman then marched his troops to Savannah destroying railroads, burning homes, destroying crops, and ransacking the entire countryside along the way.

Confederate General Robert E. Lee:Robert E. Lee served as a captain under General Winfield Scott in the

Mexican War, in which he distinguished himself. He gained control of the Army of Northern Virginia in June 1861 after refusing to lead the union troops and would lead the army until the end of the war. Had many successes but ultimately had to surrender what was left of his army in April 1865 to General Grant.

Thomas Jonathan Jackson: Known as Stonewall Jackson, was a confederate lieutenant general in

the civil war and considered the right hand man to Robert E. Lee. He became a military legend for his various military successes including his flanking maneuver at the battle of Chancellorsville, his success in Harpers Ferry in 1861, and his Shenandoah Valley campaign in 1862. He died in May 1863 after being shot by one of his own men.

Foreign Diplomacy As the war raged on in the U.S. both sides, the north and the south, looked for allies to help them gain a distinct advantage in the war. The north looked for an alliance with the French and when a treaty was agreed upon the French supplied the union with troops, supplies(weapons, clothing, food), and money. This gave them an edge over the south in many aspects of the war. The south also looked to gain allies like the British. The British were looking for an opportunity to gain another hold onto the U.S. and this was seen as the perfect moment. The north however had told the British that if they did intervene then they would go to war with the north. This scared the British enough to keep them out of the war. The most involvement that was allowed by the British was to keep the flow of cotton going and aid the south economically.

African-Americans/ Women in the Civil War

Freedmen’s Bureau: Around 4 million slaves were liberated after the victory of the Union. This bureau served to aid the newly free in the aftermath of the war with food, clothing, medical aid, housing, education, and legal assistance. However, it was soon shut down to low funds caused by race and reconstruction

54th Massachusetts Regiment: Was the first official black units in the U.S. to fight in the war. This group courageously assaulted Fort Wagner in 1863 and played a key role in the attempt to bring an end to slavery.

Women’s Service: Women played a key role in the war as their husbands, fathers, and brothers were away fighting. They contributed their time and effort in anyway possible from maintaining a household to helping raise awareness for more soldiers. They achieved in showing their capabilities and managed to make a large positive impact on the war.

Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg Address(November 1863):

Following the battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln delivered his speech in which he addressed the principles of of human equality stated in the Declaration of Independence and connected the sacrifices of the Civil War with the desire for freedom, preservation of the Union, and the ideal of self-government.

Emancipation Proclamation: Declared freedom to all slaves in seceded areas. This changed the course of the war because freedom then became dependent on the victories of the Union. Black slaves were then able to fight in the Union armies and became liberators after becoming liberated. Although it did not end slavery it bolstered the imagination of Americans.

Social Political & Economic Effects in North South and West Copperheads: democratic northerners who sympathized with the

south during the civil war. They were openly against war through attacks on the draft, lincoln, and emancipation.

Industrialization: The industry flourished in the North during the war. The union gained a major economic advantage over the south and were able to take those funds and push them towards the war effort.

Lincoln: In the year 1863 Lincoln suspended habeas corpus (authorizing an arrest without due process) of rebels and traitors. This allowed the punishment to be head swiftly and made judgement easy for the North.

AP Questions1. European states did not aid the Confederacy in the Civil War because

a. Union diplomats made many efforts to convince them not to

b. There were alternative sources of cotton and other crops that they could turn to.

c. The Confederacy's position on slavery

d. They did not believe that the Confederacy could win

e. All of the above

E. All of the reasons given helped convince the Europeans not to assist the Confederacy. The Confederacy's position on slavery proved to be especially troublesome, since slavery had long been outlawed in Europe.

2. The battle of Gettysburg was important because: A. It led to the immediate end to the war. B. It opened an invasion route to the North. C. It cut off supplies to states west of the Mississippi River.

D. It inflicted a major loss of General Lee’s army.

D: After the Battle of Gettysburg, the Confederacy suffered an estimated 28,000 men. This was Lee’s best chance of invading the North and earning support of the European states.