GROUP 4

TOPIC: TECHNOLOGYNo Words /phase pronunciation English definition Vietnamese

definitionExample

1. Manipulate (v)

/məˈnɪpjʊleɪt/ handle or control (a tool, mechanism, etc.), typically in a skillful manner.

Thao tác, vận dụng, sử dụng

He manipulated the dials of the set

2. Laminate (v) /ˈlamɪneɪt/ Overlay (a flat surface) with a layer of plastic or some other protective material:

Cán mỏng, dát mỏng

we will laminate your photos in clear plastic

3. Alternative (adj)/(n)

/ɔːlˈtəːnətɪv, ɒl-/

1.(Of one or more things) available as another possibility or choice

2. One of two or more available possibilities:

1.Xen nhau; thay đổi nhau, thay phiên nhau.Lựa chọn (một trong hai); hoặc cái này hoặc cái kia (trong hai cái); loại trừ lẫn nhau (hai cái)

2. Sự lựa chọn (một trong hai). Con đường, chước cách

1. the various alternative methods for resolving disputes

2. she had no alternative but to break the law

4.On the blink

/blɪŋk / informal (Of a machine) not working properly; out of order

Thông tin nhấp nháy

the computer’s on the blink

5 Translucent (adj)

/transˈluːs(ə)nt/

Of a substance) allowing light, but not detailed shapes, to pass through; semi-transparent

Trong mờ, mờ (để cho ánh sáng đi qua mà không trong suốt)

her beautiful translucent skin

6. Retrieve (v) /rɪˈtriːv / Find or extract (information stored in a computer)

Lấy; gọi ra (thông tin được lưu trữ)

other features include the ability to store, update, retrieve, and print your data

7. Synchronous (adi)

/ˈsɪŋkrənəs / Existing or occurring at the same time:

Đồng bộ hóa Synchronous processing is carried on

8. Filtration (n) /fɪlˈtreɪʃn / The action or process of filtering something:

Sự lọc; cách lọc

small particles are difficult to remove without filtration

9. Imitate (v) /ˈɪmɪteɪt / Take or follow as a model

Bắt chước, làm theo; mô phỏng, phỏng mẫu

his style was imitated by many other writers

10. Database (n) /ˈdeɪtəbeɪs / A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways

cơ sở dữ liệu a database covering nine million workers

11. Disparate (a) /ˈdɪsp(ə)rət / Essentially different in kind; not able to be compared:

Khác hẳn nhau, khác loại; tạp nham

they inhabit disparate worlds of thought

12. Encode (v) /ɪnˈkəʊd / Convert into a coded form

Ghi thành mật mã, mã hoá

using this technique makes it possible to encode and transmit recorded video information

13 Metabolic(a) / ,metə'bɔlik/ The chemical processes in your body that change food into energy

Trao đổi chất, biến chất

Recent trends in daily lifestyle and poor diet have led to an increase in metabolic disorders, which are affecting millions of people worldwide

14 Flaw (n) /flɔ:/ a mark, fault, or other imperfection that mars

1.lỗ hổng the computer game was flawed by poor

a substance or object.2. làm hư, rạn nứt

programming

15 Revolve(n) /ri'vɔlv/ move in a circle on a central axis.

Xoay The wheel revolved slowly

16 Parameter (n) /pə'ræmitə/ a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of the set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation.

Thông số, tham số, tham biến

They set the parameter of the debate.

17 Undermine (v)

/,ʌndə'main/ to impair, weaken, or destroy

làm hao mòn, phá ngầm, phá hoại, đục khoét

Water has undermined the stone foundations

18 Replicate (v) /ˈrɛplɪkeɪt/ to produce exact copies of itself

Sao chép, nhân bản

- Subsequent experiments failed to replicate these findings

19 Rigorous (a) /ˈrɪɡərəs/ demanding that particular rules, processes, etc. are strictly followed

chính xác-nghiêm khắc, khắt khe, chặt chẽ, nghiêm ngặt

The experiment failed to meet their rigorous standards.

20

Gadget (n)

/ˈɡadʒɪt/ A small mechanical or electronic device or tool, especially an ingenious or novel one

bộ phận cải tiến

Today, our lives are

filled with all manner

of gadgets, gizmos

and convenience

goods.

21 Pulse / pʌls/ A single vibration or short burst of sound, electric current, light, or other wave:

Xung động A short pulse or wave

of electromagnetic

radiation is

transmitted from the

system into the

ground.

22 Demagnetize (v)

/ diːˈmaɡnɪtʌɪz/

Remove magnetic properties from

Khử từ hóa demagnetize the tape heads

23 etch / ɛtʃ/ Engrave (metal, glass, or stone) by coating it with a protective layer, drawing on it with a needle, and then covering it with acid to attack the parts the needle has exposed, especially in order to produce prints from it:

Khắc axit Most manufacturers offer choices of beveled, etched, and stained glass

24 Transistor (n) / tranˈzɪstə/ A semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition torectification.

Bóng bán dẫn For comparison, the gate length of the smallest silicon transistors is about 20 nanometers

25 Allocate (v) / ˈaləkeɪt/ Distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose

Phân phối in past years we didn’t allocate enough funds to infrastructure maintenance

Idioms

1 Well-oiled machine Something that functions very well is a well-oiled machine.

Một cái gì đó có chức năng rất tốt .

2. Garbage in, garbage out If a computer system or database is built badly, then the results will be bad

Nếu một hệ thống máy tính hoặc cơ sở dữ liệu được xây dựng kém, sau đó kết quả sẽ là xấu.

3. On the same wavelength If people are on the same wavelength, they have the same ideas and opinions about something.

Một vài người có cùng ý tưởng hoặc ý kiến về một vài vấn đề gì đó

4 Boot up the menu will be ready as soon as you boot up your computer

Start (a computer) and put it into a state of readiness for operation:(Khởi động)

5 Out of steam I find after sorting the hounds, dear brother, I

Cảm thấy mệt mỏi, muốn bỏ cuộc

am quite out of steam

Topic: EnvironmentNo

Word/ Phrase Pronunciation Meaning in English Meaning in

Vietnamese

Example

1 Smog (n) /smɑːɡ/ a form of air pollution that is or looks like a mixture of smoke and fog, especially in cities

khói Our organization is trying to reduce smog caused by traffic fumes

2 Contaminate (v)

/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ contaminate something (with something): to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries diseaseSynonym: Adulterate

Làm bẩn, làm nhiễm bệnh

The drinking water has become contaminated with lead

3 Afforestation / əˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃn/ the process of planting areas of land with trees in order to form a forest

Sự trồng rừng

Afforestation is highly important to maintain the biodiversity.

4 Endemic species

/enˈdemɪk ˈspiːʃiːz/

Plants and animals that are found nowhere else in the world.

Loài đặc hữu

The giant sequoia tree is an endemic species of California

5Reintroduce (v)

/ ˌriːɪntrəˈduːs/ reintroduce something: to put a type of animal, bird or plant back into a region where it once lived

Đem trở về The bears were reintroduced into the wild.

6Sanctuary (n)

/ ˈsæŋktʃueri / an area where wild birds or animals are protected and encouraged to breedSynonym: reserve

Khu bảo tồn

a bird/wildlife sanctuary

7 Toxic (a) / ˈtɑːksɪk / ontaining poison; poisonous Độc hại Many pesticides are highly toxic.

8 Desertification (n)

/dɪˌzɜːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

the process of becoming or making something a desert

Sa mạc hóa Desertification can result from poorly managed human intervention in the savannah

9Reclamation (n)

/ˌrekləˈmeɪʃn/ a process of extensive drainage of areas of low-lyingland from the sea or other marshy lands for potential practical use. 

Sự khai hoang

Bygones is one of the largest reclamation yards in the UK providing high quality architectural antiques.

10 biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/

the existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment

Đa dạng sinh học

The mining project threatens one of the world's richest areas of biodiversity.

11 dead zone /ded zoʊn/ Area of water containing low levels of oxygen in which fish, plants and other aquatic life find it difficult to survive.

Vùng biển chết

The Gulf of Mexico dead zone is one of the largest in the world

12 Conservation (n)

/ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn/ the protection of the natural environment

Sự bảo tồn Road development in the area has been severely affected by the conservation programmes of the council.

13 Biodegradable (a)

/ˌbaɪoʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/

a substance or chemical that isbiodegradablecan be changed to a harmless natural state by the action of bacteria, and will therefore not damage the environment

Có thể bị vi khuẩn làm cho thối rữa

All active ingredients of this soap powder are 98% biodegradable within three days.

14 Dispose (of) /dɪˈspəʊz/  to get rid of Vứt bỏ, xử The difficulties of

somebody/something that you do not want or cannot keep

lí disposing of nuclear waste

15 effluent /ˈefluənt/ liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.

Nước thải the bay was contaminated with the effluent from an industrial plant.

16 ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their environment; the study of thisplant/animal/human ecology

Sinh thái học

Oil pollution could damage the fragile ecology of the coral reefs.

17 ventilation /ventɪˈleɪʃn/ the replacement of unclean air with fresh air

Sự thông hơi.

The school building had a mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation system.

18 oil slick / oɪl slɪk / a film or layer of oil floating on an expanse of water, especially one that has leaked or been discharged from a ship.

Vết dầu loang

Four miles from Kilkeel off the coast of County Down in Northern Ireland, there is a fresh oil slick on the water.

19 Genetically modified

/dʒəˈnetɪkli  ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/

(of an organism or crop) containing genetic material that has been artificially altered so as to produce a desired characteristic.

Biến đổi gen.

genetically modified foods 

20 landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ a mass of earth, rock, etc. that falls down the slope of a mountain or a cliff.Synonym: rockslide, mudslide, avalanche

Đất, đá bị sạt lở

The house was buried beneath a landslide.

21 poach /pəʊtʃ/ illegally hunt or catch (game or fish) on land that is not one's own, or in contravention of official protection.(n) poaching

Săn, bắt trộm.

The elephants are poached for their tusks.

22 Organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ (of food, farming methods, etc.) produced or practised without using artificial chemicals.

Hữu cơ organic soils

23 aerosol /ˈeərəsɒl/ a substance enclosed under pressure and able to be released

Son khí, bình phun

Aerosol sprays are the worst cause of

as a fine spray, typically by means of a propellant gas.

hóa chất. pollution in the home.

24 biosphere /ˈbaɪəʊsfɪə(r) / The part of the earth's atmosphere and surface in which animals and plants can live.

Sinh quyển The totality of living organisms is the biosphere , although this term is also used to denote the environment inhabited by living organisms.

25 catastrophe /kəˈtæstrəfi / an event causing great and often sudden damage or suffering; a disaster.

Thảm họa Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe

Idioms related to nature1. can't see the forest for the trees 

If you can't see the forest for the trees, you can't see the whole situation clearly because you're looking too closely at small details, or because you're too closely involved.Ex: “The congressman became so involved in the wording of his bill that he couldn't see the forest for the trees; he did not realize that the bill could never pass.”

2. make a mountain out of a molehill

If you make a mountain out of a molehill, you make a small problem seem to be a much bigger problem.Ex:  Come on, don't make a mountain out of amolehill. It's not that important

3. a drop in the ocean

If an amount is a drop in the ocean, it's a very small portion of the amount that's needed.Ex:  I know twenty dollars is just a drop in the ocean, but if everyone gave that much it’d make a big difference.

4. Weather a storm

If you weather a storm, you survive a dangerous event or deal with a difficult situation.

Ex: Bob lost his job, but somehow his family weathered the storm.5. down to earth If someone is down to earth, they are practical and sensible.

Ex: He had a down-to-earth attitude that translated into a straightforward, but effective strategy.