group ii native minerals and carbonates
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Native Minerals and CarbonatesTRANSCRIPT
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Group IINative Minerals
Carbonates JHAN-PAULE ARBIZO
A!IMA !"REZA JO" JUAN
RALPH REN#O RON$UILLO
MAR" ANN GALLEGO
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Gol) - Au - Auru%
Criteria
Har)ness 012 3 415#trea6 Gol)
Cleavae None
ra(ture Ha(6l,.
Habit O(ta'e)ral
Luster Metalli( . Opa7ue
Cr,stallorap', Cubi(
#pe(i8( Grav 921: 3 9;14
O((urren(e $uart< veins an) Pla(er =eposits
Use Je+elr,.Ge%stone. Curren(,
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Copper 3 Cu - Cupru%Criteria
Har)ness 012 3 415
#trea6 Copper-re)
Cleavae None
ra(ture Ha(6l,.
Habit O(ta'e)ral
Luster Metalli( . Opa7ue
Cr,stallorap', Cubi(
#pe(i8( Grav >1? 3 >1;
O((urren(e O@i)i<e) Copper =eposits
Use Constru(tion Material. Allo,*or%er. Con)u(tor
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#ul*ur - #Criteria
Har)ness 912 3 012
#trea6 'ite
Cleavae None
ra(ture Con('oi)al
Habit !abular
Luster Non-%etalli( . Resinous
Cr,stallorap', Ort'or'o%bi(
#pe(i8( Grav 019
O((urren(e /ol(ani( u%aroles
Use Gunpo+)er./ul(anis%
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Grap'ite =ia%on) - CCriteria Diamond Graphite
Har)ness 95 9-0
#trea6 +'ite Bla(6
Color Colorless Bla(6
Cleavae Per*e(t Per*e(t
ra(ture None None
Habit O(ta'e)ral He@aonal
Cr,stallora
p',
Cubi( R'o%bo'e)ral
O((uren(e Ultra%a8( Ro(6 Meta%orp'i( Ro(6
Luster A)a%antine #ub%etalli(.Opa7ue
Use Ge%stone.)rillbit
ritin Material
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#ilver 3 A - Arentu%
Criteria Argentum
Har)ness 012 3 415#trea6 #ilver 3 +'ite
Color #ilver 3 +'ite
Cleavae None
ra(ture Ha(6l,
Habit A(i(ular
Cr,stallorap', Cubi(O((uren(e #ul8)es. H,)rot'er%al
Luster Metalli( . Opa7ue
Use Gemstone,Industrialuse
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Platinu% 3 PtCriteria Platinum
Har)ness 3 12
#trea6 Gra,- silver
Color Gra, 3 silver
Cleavae None
ra(ture Ha(6l,
Habit Poorl, *or%e)
Cr,stallorap', Cubi(
O((uren(e Ultra%a8( Ro(6
Luster Metalli(. opa7ue
Use Laborator,e7uip%ent.C'e%ot'erap,
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Carbonates
Ro(6s (o%pose) %ainl, o* (al(iu% (arbonate. Ca
or%e) b, pre(ipitation *ro% +aterD eit'er strait'e +ater. or in)u(e) b, oranis%s. to %a6e t'eor s6eletons. an) t'e, *or% in %an, environ%ent
!'ree %ain %inerals t'at *or% (arbonates
Cal(ite FCaCO4. +'i(' (o%es in 'i' %anesiu% %anesiu% *or%s1
Araonite FCaCO4. +'i(' 'as a )ierent stru(ture to (a
=olo%ite FCaMFCO40. a %anesiu% ri(' (arbonate
b, )iaenesis1
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CALCITECaCo4
In Group Carbonates; Calcite Group
CompositionCalcium carbonate, sometimes magnesium, or manganese, andcobalt
VariableFormula
(Ca,Fe,Mg,Mn,Zn,Co)C!
Strea "hite
!ardness !
Cr"stal S"stem #e$agonal
Cr"stal !abitCrystalline, granular, stalactitic, crhombohedral
Luster &itreous
Clea#age 'hombohedral
Fra$ture Conchoidal
StriingFeatures
#ardness, clea%age, fluorescenwith hydrochloric acid
En#ironmentCalcite is a constituent of all including sedimentary, igneous, a
Use cid neutralization, orbents, ce
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A%AGCa
In Group Carbonates; ragonite group
CompositionCalcium carbonate, sometimes with some strontium,lead, and zinc
VariableFormula
(Ca,r,*b,Zn)C!
Strea "hite
!ardness !+ - .
Cr"stal S"stem rthorhombic
Cr"stal !abit*seudohe$agonal, prismatic crystals, acicular,columnar, globular, reniform, pisolitic, coralloidal,stalactitic, internally banded
Luster &itreous, dull
Clea#age *rismatic ; /ndiscernibleFra$ture ub- Conchoidal
StriingFeatures
*oor clea%age, twinning habits, strong effer%escence,and low hardness
En#ironmentedimentary formations and e%aporite deposits, hotspring deposits, hydrothermal ore %eins, igneous traproc0 en%ironments, and metamorphic schist
Use 'eplication of reef conditions,
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A(U%ITECu4FCO40FOH0
In Group Carbonates
Composition Basi( (opper (arbonate
Strea Li't blue
!ardness 412 -
Cr"stal S"stem Mono(lini(
Cr"stal !abit Massive. pris%ati(. stala(
Luster /itreous or )ull
Clea#age Pris%ati(
Fra$ture Con('oi)al or splinter,
StriingFeatures
=eep blue (olor. blue streasso(iation +it' reen Ma
En#ironmentAs a se(on)ar, %ineral in<one o* (opper )eposits
Use%inor ore o* (oporna%ental stone
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CE%UPbC
In Group Carbonates; ragonite Group
Composition1ead carbonate, sometimes containing some sil%er andchromium
VariableFormula
(*b,g,Cr)C!
Strea "hite
!ardness ! - !+
Cr"stal S"stem rthorhombic
Cr"stal !abit Massi%e granular, reticulate, tabular to e2uant crystals
LusterGreasy to adamantine+ Fibrous growths, which are rare,may be sil0y
Clea#age *rismatic
Fra$ture Conchoidal
StriingFeatures
1uster and hea%iness associated with the light color
En#ironmentForms as a secondary mineral from o$idized leaddeposits, especially in arid regions
Use 3ey ingredient in lead paints
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=olo%ite 3 CaMFCO40
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599'ar)ness 4
Luster /itreousD Pearl
Color Colorless .+'ite. ra, .reen . bro+n. bla(6
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features In (ol). )ilute HCL lare*ra%ents are slo+l,atta(6e) but soluble +it'eerves(en(e onl, in 'otHCL
&$$urren$e E@tensive se)i%entar,strata
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599'ar)ness
Luster /itreousD Pearl
Color Colorless .+'ite. ra, .reen . bro+n. bla(6
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features In (ol). )ilute HCL lare*ra%ents are slo+l,atta(6e) but soluble +it'eerves(en(e onl, in 'otHCL
&$$urren$e E@tensive se)i%entar,strata
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An6erite 3 CaeFCO40
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599'ar)ness 4
Luster /itreousD Pearl
Color Colorless.+'ite.ra, .reen . bro+n. bla(6
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features Color ,ello+-bro+n tobro+n an) si%ilarp',si(al an) ('e%i(alproperties to )olo%ite
&$$urren$e E@tensive se)i%entar,strata
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599'ar)ness
Luster /itreousD Pearl
Color Colorless.+'ite.ra, .reen . bro+n. bla(6
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features Color ,ello+-bro+n tobro+n an) si%ilarp',si(al an) ('e%i(alproperties to )olo%ite
&$$urren$e E@tensive se)i%entar,strata
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Manesite 3 MCO4
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599'ar)ness 4
#pe(i8( ravit, 41;:
Luster /itreous
Color Li't to )ar6 bro+n
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features =istinuis'e) *ro% ot'er(arbonates b, its (oloran) 'i' spe(i8( ravit, 1R'o%bo'e)ral (leavae
&$$urren$e re7uentl, *oun) as (la,ironstone
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599'ar)ness
#pe(i8( ravit, 41;:
Luster /itreous
Color Li't to )ar6 bro+n
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features =istinuis'e) *ro% ot'er(arbonates b, its (oloran) 'i' spe(i8( ravit, 1R'o%bo'e)ral (leavae
&$$urren$e re7uentl, *oun) as (la,ironstone
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#i)erite 3 eCO4
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599
'ar)ness 4
#pe(i8( ravit, 415-410
Luster /itreous
Color 'ite. ra,. ,ello+.bro+n
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features Cleavable varieties are)istinuis'e) *ro%)olo%ite b, 'i'erspe(i8( ravit, an)absen(e o* abun)ant(al(iu%1
&$$urren$e re7uentl, *oun) as (la,ironstone
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599
'ar)ness
#pe(i8( ravit, 415-410
Luster /itreous
Color 'ite. ra,. ,ello+.bro+n
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features Cleavable varieties are)istinuis'e) *ro%)olo%ite b, 'i'erspe(i8( ravit, an)absen(e o* abun)ant(al(iu%1
&$$urren$e re7uentl, *oun) as (la,
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#trontrianite 3 #rCO4
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599
'ar)ness 4
#pe(i8( ravit, 41?>
Luster /itreous
Color 'ite. ra,. ,ello+. reen
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features Hi' spe(i8( ravit, an)eerves(en(e in HCL. (anbe )istinuis'e) *ro%(elestite b, poorer(leavae an)eerves(en(e in a(i)
&$$urren$e re7uentl, *oun) as (la,ironstone
P',si(al Properties
Cleavae 9599
'ar)ness
#pe(i8( ravit, 41?>
Luster /itreous
Color 'ite. ra,. ,ello+. reen
Isostru(tural
Diagnosti$ Features Hi' spe(i8( ravit, an)eerves(en(e in HCL. (anbe )istinuis'e) *ro%(elestite b, poorer(leavae an)eerves(en(e in a(i)
&$$urren$ere7uentl, *oun) as (la,ironstone
#%it'sonite ZnCO
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#%it'sonite 3 ZnCO4
Cr"stalStru$ture)
Trigonal&pti$al Properties)
Color) $ommonl" apblue*green, la#ende"ello+ and +hite asbro+n, blue, orange
!ardness) * -.
Luster) #itreous
Fra$ture) une#en
Strea) +hite
Spe$i/$ gra#it") app
!abit) 1otr"oidal, %Earth"
Uses)
3inor
&$$uren$e)often found with zinc deposits in limestone, associated
malachite, limonite, sphalerite, calcite, cerussite, hemim
anglesite, pyromorphite, hydrozincite, and galena
Formerl" $alled
$alamine
R'o)o('rosite MnCO
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R'o)o('rosite 3 MnCO4
Cr"stal Stru$ture)
He@aonal
&pti$al Properties)
Color re) to pin6. so%eti%esal%ost +'ite. ,ello+ an)bro+n
Har)ness 412 -
Luster vitreous
#trea6 +'ite
#pe(i8( ravit, appro@1 412
Uses)
Minor ore o* Mananese
&$$uren$e)o((urs in %eta%orp'i( )eposits. (arbonatites.
se)i%ents an) as a pri%ar, %ineral in lo+- to %o)erate-
te%perature ',)rot'er%al veins1
it'erite BaCO
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it'erite - BaCO4
Cr"stal Stru$ture)
Ort'or'o%bi(
&$$uren$e)
*or%s in lo+-te%perature',)rot'er%al environ%ents
&pti$al Properties)
Color +'ite. (olorless. ra,.bro+n. ,ello+is' or reenis'
Har)ness 4-412
Luster vitreous
ra(ture uneven
#trea6 +'ite#pe(i8( ravit, 14K
Uses)
Minor ore o*bariu%
Mala('ite Cu FOH CO
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Mala('ite 3 Cu0FOH0CO4
Cr"stal Stru$ture)
Mono(lini(
&pti$al Properties)
Color ban)e) li't an) )ar6 reen
Har)ness 412 3
Luster )ull in %assive *or%s an) sil6,as (r,stals
ra(ture (on('oi)al to splinter,
#trea6 reen
Uses)Use) e@tensivel, as an orna%ental an)e% %ineral1
&$$uren$e)o((urs +'en (arbonate) +ater in+it' (opper %inerals. or +'en a (opper intera(ts +it' li%estone1 se(on)ar, %ineral o* (opper. +'its *or%e) +'en (opper %ineralaltere) b, ot'er ('e%i(als1