PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT(PPE)

GROUP 20

MUHD ZAIDI BIN ZAINUDIN UK30061

FARAHANA ATIKAH BINTI DZULKARNAIN UK29495NUR ‘AKMA BINTI ZULKIFLI

UK29504SITI A’ISYAH BINTI SYUKRI

UK29543NUR FITRIAH BINTI MD SULAIMAN UK29800

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal protective equipment is essential for protecting workers against danger in the workplace.

Many accidents can be avoided by employers providing proper equipment, and employees using the equipment at all appropriate times.

Employer Responsibility

Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous substances, and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury.

Employers must use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazard, then use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards.

Employer Responsibility

When PPE is required to protect employees, it must be provided by the employer at no cost to employees, except for specific items, such as : safety-toe footwear, prescription safety eyewear, everyday clothing and weather-related gear, and logging boots.

Some examples of PPE includes safety glasses, goggles, face shield, hard hat, safety shoes, gloves, vests, earplugs or earmuffs.

Employer Responsibility

To establish a PPE program, first assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of protective equipment.

Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide training to each employee who is required to use PPE

Employee Responsibility

Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following

- When PPE is necessary

- What type of PPE is necessary

- How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear any PPE

- Limitation of the PPE

-Proper care, maintenance, and disposal of the equipment

Employee Responsibility Each affected employee must demonstrate an understanding of

the required training, and the ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.

When the employee does not have the required skill and understanding, retraining is required.

Written certification of completion of training is required.

Eye Protection

Employers must provide eye protection for employees whenever they are exposed to potential eye injuries during their work.

Common causes of eye injuries include :

Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust.

Molten metal that might splash. Acids that might splash. Blood and other potentially infectious body fluids that might

splash, spray, or splatter. Intense light such as that created by welding and lasers.

Safety Spectacles

Safety spectacles are made with metal or plastic safety frames.

Most operations require side shields. Safety spectacles are used for moderate

impact from particles produced by such jobs as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling.

Goggles

Goggles protect eyes, eye sockets, and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes.

Some goggles fit over corrective lenses.

Welding Shields

Welding shield protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light, and protect face and eyes from flying sparks or metal spatter produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting.

Laser Safety Goggles

Laser safety goggles protect eyes from intense concentrations of light produced by lasers.

Face Shields

Face shields protect the face from dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids.

Face shields do not protect employees from impact hazards.

Head Protection

Prevent head injuries Common head injuries;

-Falling objects, bumping one’s head against fixed objects (exposed pipes/beams), contact with exposed electrical conductors. Hard hats require a hard outer shell and a shock-absorbing lining. The lining should incorporate a head band and straps that

suspend the shell from 1 to 1-1/4 inches away from the user’s head to provide shock absorption during impact and ventilation during wear.

Head Protection

Employers must train employees in the proper use and maintenance of hard hats, including daily inspection.

Remove hard hats from service if the suspension system shows signs of deterioration or no longer holds the shell away from the employee’s head. Also make sure the brim or shell is not cracked, perforated or deformed, and does not shows signs of exposure to heat, chemicals, or UV light.

Head Protection

Limit use of paints and stickers which can hide signs of deterioration in the hard hat shell. Paints, paint thinners, and some cleaning agents can weaken the shell of the hard hat and may eliminate electrical resistance.

Hearing Protection

Factors of employee exposure to excessive noise;-How loud is the noise (db) ?-How long is the duration of employee’s exposure to noise ?-Do employee’s move between separate work areas with different noise levels?-Is noise generated from 1 source or more ?

Hearing Protection The louder the noise, the shorter the exposure time

before you must provide hearing protection. Employers must implement feasible engineering controls

and work practices before resorting to PPE such as (earmuffs, earplugs, ear canal caps)

Foot Protection

Safety footwear should be used to protect employees from injury.

Some common causes of injury include :Heavy objects such as barrels or toolsSharp objects such as nails or spikesMolten metalHot or wet surfacesSlippery surfaces

Safety ShoesHave impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles that protect

against hot surfaces common in roofing, paving, and hot metal industries.

Have metals insoles to protect against puncture wounds.May be designed to be electrically conductive for use in explosive

atmospheres or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards.

Metatarsal guards are a part of the shoes or strapped to the outside of shoes to protect the instep from impact and compression

Hand Protection Should be used to minimize the risk of hand injuries. Types of hand injuries to guard against include :BurnsBruisesAbrasionsCutsFracturesAmputationsChemical exposures

• The nature of the hazards and the operation to be performed will determine selection of gloves.

• The variety of potential hand injuries may make selecting the appropriate pair of gloves more difficult than choosing other protective equipment.

• Take care to choose gloves designed for the particular circumstances of workplace.

• Glove manufactures can provide valuable assistance

Body protection

Body protection Should be used to protect workers against common

causes of injuries such as intense heat, splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids, cuts, hazardous chemicals, contacts with potentially infectious materials and radiation.

Protective clothing comes in a variety of materials, each suited to particular hazards.

Conduct your hazards assessment and identify potential sources of bodily injury.

Different materials will protect against different chemical and physical hazards

When chemical or physical hazards are present, check with the clothing manufacturer to make sure that the material selected will provide protection from the specific chemical or physical hazards in your workplace.

summary

Summary Employers must implement a PPE program where they:

i. Assess the workplace for hazards.

ii. Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE.

iii. Select and provide appropriate PPE at no cost to employees to protect them from hazards that cannot be eliminated.

iv. Inform employees why PPE is necessary/when it must be worn.

v. Train employees how to use and care for their PPE and how to recognize deterioration and failure.

vi. Require employees to wear selected PPE in the workplace.

Reference University of Wisconsin System, (2015). Environment, Health & Safety. PPE: Eye And Face Protection. Diambil dari

https://www.wisconsin.edu/ehs/osh/ppe-eye/

Grainger, (2015). QuickTips Technical Resource. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements: Eye & Face Protection. http://www.grainger.com/content/qt-personal-protective-equipment-requirements-125

U.S. Department of Labor, (2006). Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Personal Protective Equipment. Diambil dari https://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCIQFjAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osha.gov%2FPublications%2Fosha3151.pdf&ei=c1djVfGnH8Pj8AXg3YEw&usg=AFQjCNEQq71-biO8E4LwbSEzlq8v8qjx1g&sig2=rgx3C1A2lRd1Ue18wpknZQ

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Joe Nail, (2015). Personal Protective Equipment and Tool Safety. Diambil dari https://www.google.com.my/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CEcQFjAH&url=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.elizabethtown.kctcs.edu%2Fmembers%2Fjnail%2FISXpowerpoint%2FLecture2-PPEandTools.ppt&ei=kFljVcH7DouG8QWriYHIDg&usg=AFQjCNGNiEC5HZAPpZZSRYZnqg3IeedPLA&sig2=v1bVfE-jScwgbtotAokgYA