GROUP 5

Members:Singson, Rose AnnObregon, FreddiePabilona, LeilaniCanto, Carolyn

Matbagon, JenieLapinid, Prince Jay

Jaranay, Jose Al

Ms. Therirose Anne B. Tan, RN, MN

Submitted to:

Historical Perspectives of Nursing and the

Computer.

The computer help transform the nursing profession prior to the new

century. It includes the transformation of paper-based

records to computer-based records.

It is use to manage information in patients care, monitor the quality of care and evaluate the outcomes of

care. It can be used for communication and enhancing the

nursing education and support nursing research.

• .

SIX TIME PERIOD ARE AS FOLLOWS:

• .

Prior to the 1960s

• Adopt to computers for health care• Computer were used for business office function• Punch card/ stored data

1960s• Computer technology in health

care settings were questioned• Why computers? What should be

computerized?• Nurses station was viewed as the

HUB of the information exchanged• Introduction of CRT or (Cathode

Ray Tube)• Online data communication• Hospital Information System (HIS)

1970s• Giant step were taken for both

nursing and computer• Recognized the value of

computer into nursing• Improvement of Documentation• Repetitive aspect of patient care• Mainframe HIS were designed

and developed• Use for reimbursement of

Medicare

1980s• Emersion of Informatics in the healthcare

industry• Computer-based patient records system

or CPRS• HIS

Order entry *online resultsKardex *nurses notesVital Signs *Discharge

Plan

• Updates on Practice StandardsData StandardsVocabulariesClassifications Schemes

.

• The microcomputer or personal computer (PC) emerged

1990s• Computer technology become

integral part of healthcare• N.I was approved by ANA as a

new nursing specialty (1992)• Laptops or notebook to the

bedside and all point of care settings

• Local Area Network (LAN) were developed–Linking hospital care Units

.• Wide area network were

developed (WAN) Linking across the different system

• Introduction of internetInformation superhighwayMainstream social MilieuElectronic Mail (e-mail)File transfer Protocol (FTP)The web became the means for

online communications and resources to the nursing practice

Integral component of all IT systemWWW use to browse the internet

and search worldwide resources

Post 2000• Intorduction of mobile technology• Wireless tablets computers• Personal digital assistant or PDA• Smart cellular telephones• Use of voice-over internet protocol

(VoIP)• The health insurance portability and

accountability act of 1996 was inacted (HIPPA)– To streamline health care transaction

and reduce cost– Used for reimbursement

.

–Critical care units are monitored remotely by health providers (eICU)

Four Major Areas

• .

Nursing Practice

• Evolve and change radically• Become and integral part of the

EHR• Introduction of several nursing

terminologies that were recognized by the ANA

• Use to assist problem, document care, and measures outcome

Nursing Administration

• Change the introduction of the computer that links nursing departments

• Policy ad procedure manuals are access and retrieve by computer

• Internet is being used by nurses to access digital libraries online resources and research protocols at the bedside

Nursing Education

• Schools of nursing offers computer enhance courses and distance education

• Campus wide computer systems are available for students to communicate

• Time, distance, costs are no longer barrier to educational programs

Nursing Research

• Provide the impetus to use the computer for analyzing nursing data

• Can retrieve information or other data basis that contain relevant healthcare content

• Internet provides online access to millions of web resources which increase the capabilities of online searching and retrieving information

Standard Initiative

• .

Nursing Practice Standards

• Developed and recommended by the ANA

• Recommended that the nursing process serve as the conceptual framework for the documentation of nursing practice

• Also recommend acuity systems to determine resource used as well as required care plans for documenting nursing care

Nursing Data Standards

• Emerged as a new requirement for HER

• 13 nursing terminologies that have been recognized by the ANA for this 4th edition

• The ANA is responsible for the recognition of the terminologies and for determining if they have met the criteria to be included in the NLM, UMLS

Healthcare Data Standard Organizations

• American national standard institute

• American society for testing and materials

• Health level 7• SNOMED• The national committee on vital

and statistics work group on computer based patient records

Early computer-based nursing applications

• Developed before the mid 1970s• Different nursing applications focused on documentation of nursing practice and management of patient care

Landmark Events in Nursing and Computers

• Major milestones of nursing are interwoven with the advancement of computer and information technologies, the increase need for nursing data, development of nursing applications, and changes making the nursing profession an autonomous discipline

.• The landmark events were described by the following categories:

(a)early conferences, meetings(b)early academic initiatives (c)initial ANA initiatives(d)Initial National League for

Nursing initiatives(e)early international initiatives(f)initial educational resources(g)significant collaborative events