grouping & identifying · amphibians characteristics: the word "amphibian" means...

Grouping & Identifying

Living Things

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An

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By

Piyush & Ilaxi

© 2015 by Brilliant Classes

Biological Classification is the way in which scientists use to categorize and organize all the life.

It can help to distinguish how similar or different living organisms are to each other.

Thus living things are put into two large groups, such as:

Classifying Living Things

Animals

Plants

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3 © 2015 by Brilliant Classes

Animals

Animals are divided into two major groups:

Vertebrates

Invertebrates

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Vertebrates

Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal column, also called vertebrae. These animals include fish, birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles.

There are currently around 65,000 known species of vertebrate animals. This sounds like a lot, but vertebrates are only around 3% of all the animals on Earth. Most of the animal species are invertebrates.

Vertebrates tend to be much more intelligent than invertebrates.

They can be found just about everywhere in oceans, rivers, forests, mountains, and deserts.

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Cold-blooded and Warm-blooded

Vertebrate animals can be either warm-blooded or cold-blooded.

A cold-blooded animal cannot maintain a constant body temperature. The temperature of their body is determined by the outside surroundings.

Reptiles, amphibians, and fish are all cold-blooded.

Warm-blooded animals are able to regulate their internal temperature.

They can sweat or pant to cool off and have fur and feathers to help keep them warm.

Warm-blooded animals are called endothermic, meaning "heat inside". Only birds and mammals are warm-blooded.

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Vertebrates

These are animals with a backbone.

There are five groups of vertebrates:

Amphibians Birds Fish Mammals Reptiles V

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Amphibians

Have moist skin

Lay jelly coated eggs in water

Lives on land and water

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Amphibians

Characteristics:

The word "amphibian" means two-lives, one in the water and one on land.

They live the first part of their lives in the water and the last part on the land.

They also have fins to help them swim, just like fish.

Later, their bodies change, growing legs and lungs enabling them to live on the land.

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Characteristics:

Amphibians have adapted to live in a number of different habitats including streams, forests, meadows, bogs, swamps, ponds, and lakes.

Most of them like to live in or near water and in damp areas.

Adult amphibians are carnivores and predators. They eat a variety of food including spiders, beetles, and worms.

The largest amphibian is the Chinese Giant Salamander. It can grow to 6 feet long and weigh 140 pounds.

The smallest amphibian is a frog called the paedophryne amauensis. It is also the world's smallest vertebrate animal. It is about 0.3 inches long.

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Birds

Have feathers and hollow bones

Lay hard shelled eggs

Warm blooded

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Birds

Characteristics: The main characteristic of a bird is feathers,

wings and hollow bones. No other animal has feathers.

Birds also lay eggs, however they are warm-blooded, like mammals.

Many, but not all, birds can fly.

Feathers are made of keratin.

Hummingbirds are some of the smallest birds, while ostriches are some of the biggest.

Feathers are important to birds because they keep them warm, help them to fly, and provide camouflage.

Hollow bones also help in flying because they

help make the bird light enough to fly.

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Fish

Have wet scales

Lay eggs in water

Lives in water

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Fish

Characteristics:

Fish are animals that live in the water with largest group of vertebrates.

They come in many sizes and shapes.

Many fish are covered with scales that protects them.

They have fins that help them to steer and balance in the water.

Their body temperatures vary in the water.

They breathe through gills.

Some fish eat plant life. They may scrape algae off rocks or eat plants that grow in the ocean or sea.

Some fish, called predators, prey on other fish and animals.

There are three major types or classes of fish including jawless, cartilaginous, and bony fish.

An example of a jawless fish is the lamprey eel. Sharks are cartilaginous fish and the blue marlin is a bony fish.

Fish can be as large 40 ft long to 1/2 inch long.

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Mammals

Have hair and produce milk

Give birth to live offspring (no eggs)

Warm blooded

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Mammals

Characteristics:

What makes an animal a mammal are several things. First, they must have glands that give milk. This is to feed their babies.

Second, they are warm-blooded.

Third, all mammals have fur or hair. Humans are mammals and so are dogs, whales, elephants, and horses.

Most mammals have teeth with the exception of the ant eater which doesn't have any teeth.

Mammals live in all sorts of environments including the ocean, underground, and on land.

Some mammals, bats for example, can even fly.

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Mammals

Characteristics:

Mammals have unique brains and are often very intelligent. Humans are the most intelligent.

Mammals that eat meat are called carnivores.

Mammals that eat only plants are called herbivores.

Mammals that eat both meat and plants are called omnivores.

Mammals are sometimes divided into three types based on how they give birth and take care of their young.

The largest mammal is the Blue Whale which lives in the ocean and can grow to over 80 feet long.

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Reptiles

Have dry scales

Lay leathery shelled eggs

Cold blooded

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Reptiles

Characteristics:

Reptiles are cold-blooded animals.

Most reptiles lay eggs and their skin is covered

with hard, dry scales. There are many types of reptiles. The main

categories are snakes, crocodiles and alligators, turtles, and lizards.

Reptiles can be found on every continent except for Antarctica.

Lizards and snakes smell with their tongues.

The biggest reptile is the salt water crocodile. These reptiles can grow to 2,000 pounds and 12 ½ feet long.

The smallest reptile is thought to be the mini chameleon from Madagascar which only grows to just over an inch in length.

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Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals that do not have backbones, also called vertebrae or spinal bones.

97 % of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates.

Some can be found in ponds, oceans, and other water environments.

Insects and some other invertebrates have exoskeletons.

There are eight groups of invertebrates.

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Invertebrates

Eight groups:

◦ Molluscs

◦ Flatworms

◦ Annelids

◦ Roundworms

◦ Sponges

◦ Echinoderms

◦ Cnidarians

◦ Arthropods

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1.Molluscs

Crawl on a single fleshy pad.

Can have a shell

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Characteristics:

There are 3 classes: Gastropods, Bi-valves,

and Cephalopods.

They have an external shell with bi-lateral

symmetry.

Cephalopods are extremely intelligent.

A snail is a mollusk with a single hard shell.

Squids and octopuses are also mollusk.

ex.- squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus

Molluscs

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2.Flatworms

Have flat worm like bodies

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3.Annelids

Have round worm like bodies

Have bodies divided into segments

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They are Segmented worms.

Each segment has a nervous, circulatory, excretory, muscular system.

They are Bilateral symmetrical.

They are First organism with complex body systems.

3.Annelids

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4.Roundworms

Have long thin round worm like bodies

Have bodies with no segments

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5.Sponges

Have bodies made of loosely joined cells

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Characteristics:

They are ‘Pore- Bearing”, Sessile and Asymmetrical.

Their bodies are full of holes and their skeleton is made of spiky fibers.

Water flows through the holes of their body which enables them to catch food.

Ex.- sponges

5.Sponges

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6.Echinoderms

Have bodies divided into five parts

Have spiny outer covering

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Characteristics:

They have spiny bodies.

They have Radial symmetry.

They are Benthic- bottom dwellers.

They have Central mouth on ventral surface.

ex.- sea urchin, sea star, sea cucumber, sand dollar.

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7.Cnidarians

Have thin sack like bodies

Have tentacles

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EXAMPLES:

CORAL, JELLYFISH, SEA ANEMONE

Characteristics:

They have soft tubelike bodies with a single opening surrounded by armlike parts called tentacles.

They feed by catching tiny animals in their tentacles.

Hydras have tentacles that catch their food.

They move from place to place.

Jellyfish catch shrimp, fish and other animals in its tentacles also.

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8.Arthropods

Arthropods are Animals with jointed appendages.

They have lots of legs and segmented bodies.

There are four group of arthropods:

◦ Arachnids

◦ Centipedes & Millipedes

◦ Crustaceans

◦ Insects

Arthropods are a group of invertebrates with jointed legs and hard exoskeleton that protect the arthropod.

As it grows, it molts, or sheds its old exoskeleton.

Then it grows a new exoskeleton that allows its body to continue to grow.

The largest group of arthropods are insects.

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Arthropods - Arachnid

Have four pairs of legs.

Have bodies divided into two sections

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Arthropods: Centipedes & Millipedes

Have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body sections


Arthropods: Insects, Spiders, and

Centipedes/Millipedes

They are the only invertebrates that can fly.

Insects have bodies divided into three parts and six legs.

Spiders have jointed legs (eight legs), jaws and fangs.

Centipedes and millipedes are also arthropods.

Centipedes uses its many legs to run from enemies.

Millipedes roll up their bodies when they sense danger approaching.

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Arthropods - Crustacean

Have five-seven pairs of legs

First pair often used as pincers

Bodies covered in shell

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Arthropods - Insects

Have three pairs of legs

Bodies divided into three sections

Often have wings

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K What do you know about the animal classification ?

l What do you want to know about the animal classification?

W What did you learn about the animal classification ?

Prepare Animal Classification K W L chart.

Worksheet-1


Animal

classification

Write as many words or phrases about the animal classification.

Worksheet-2


Group Characteristics

Amphibians

Birds

Fish

Mammals

Reptiles

Worksheet-3

Write the characteristics of following groups.


Group Characteristics

Molluscs

Flatworms

Annelids

Roundworms

Sponges

Echinoderms

Cnidarians

Arthropod

Worksheet-4




Warm Blooded Animals Cold Blooded

Animals

Worksheet-5


Group Example

Molluscs

Flatworms

Annelids

Roundworms

Sponges

Echinoderms

Cnidarians

Arthropod

Amphibians

Birds

Fish

Mammals

Reptiles

Worksheet-6


Write the examples of following groups.

An Animal That Runs An Animal That Swims

An Animal That Crawls An Animal That Flies

Worksheet-7


Draw a picture of animals on the basis of how they move.

An Animal With Feathers An Animal With Skin

An Animal With Fur An Animal With Scales

Worksheet-8


Draw an animal in each of the boxes below.

Elephant Whale Frog

Alligator

Fish Crocodile

Salamander Panda

Ostrich Penguin Flamingo

Snake

Dolphin Humans

Duck Lizard

Fur Feathers Scales Skin

Worksheet-9


Put the animals listed below in the right column.

Fur Feathers Scales Skin

Worksheet-10


Name or draw animals with hair/fur, feathers, scales or skin.

Worksheet-11


Pick two different animals. Show differences between them on each side and show similarities between them in the middle.

What is the difference between cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Are bats mammals or birds? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“Most warm-blooded animals take care of their young. Most cold-blooded animals do not.” Is it correct? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Is a dolphin a fish, amphibian or a mammal? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why isn't a frog a reptile? Give specific reasons. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Worksheet-12


Write the answer of following questions.

1. Reptiles are warm-blooded.

2. All birds can fly.

3. All birds have a beak or bill.

4. All birds have two feet.

5. All birds have feathers.

6. All mammals have hair or fur.

7. Dolphin is a fish.

8. Bat is a bird.

a) Alligator _______________________

b) Ostrich _______________________

c) Frog _______________________

d) Whale _______________________

e) Human _______________________

f) Elephant _______________________

g) Salamander _______________________

h) Penguin _______________________

i) Shark _______________________

j) Lizard ____________________

Worksheet-13

Tell whether each sentence is true or false.

Write the name of vertebrate group for each animal below to which they belong?


Have hair or fur Breath under water Have feather and wing Have scales Webbed feet

Insect Reptile Amphibian Bird Fish Mammal

Worksheet-14


Match A with B.

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