groups and collaborative learning

8/8/2019 Groups and Collaborative Learning

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The class is a social system, a communityaffected by friendships, power andinfluence, communication patterns,member roles and school, peer driven andclassroom norms.

Features:

a)Mature groups does betterb) Feel free to take part actively

c) Two major roles are teacher and student

d) Threat is reduced


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Collaborative learning strategies:

a) Provide a powerful mechanism to

address effective goals in educationand enhance students cognitivedevelopment

b) Increases students understanding of

ideas and ability to express themc) Students are active constructors of

knowledge


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Group characteristics

Goal setting

Getting there

Guiding the process

Gazing backward


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Benefits: increase teacher-student and

student-student verbal interaction and

increase social skills. Taking responsibility

Encourage others to contribute

Careful listening Setting clear goals

Learning to cooperate


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The initiator- gets discussion underway

The contributor- offers opinions, facts,

examples that can helps groups solveproblem.

clarifier- make sure terms, problemunderstood by members

Summarizer- bringging together summarizethe discussion

evaluator- to keep track of how well thegroup is progressing


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Recorder- to help the group recall what

had been covered during discussion orto make it more accurately

Encourager- complimenting members

for their contributions and invitingparticipation

Harmonizer- act as peacekeeper by

relieving tension and helping the groupwork out of disagreements


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There is an effective small-group method

for any content.

There are many types of effective smallgroups.

It is a good method of discussion in

teaching and learning.


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A good way to encourage students toparticipate in small groups or in class whilestudents extend their thinking andinteraction is the think-pair-share method.

Developed by Professor Frank Lyman. This method begin to use with a short

teacher presentation. Pose question & ask students to think alone. Assign them to pair to share their thinking.

Reversal of statement maker andparaphraser roles.

Pair reports.


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Branstorming is a fun, useful and creative

thinking technique.

Can be used to initiate problem solvingand can included in any lesson.

Can be done in grouping and

individually.


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The pressure to have an immediate

right answer is removed.

Creative potential can be released.

It is fun-people like the freedom ofexpression.

When it is used in a lesson, students areactively participate and not passively,

involved in learning.


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Many ideas or suggestions are not worth

anything.

Pet ideas, or the ideas of some people,may have to be discarded.

Some people find it hard to get away

from the practical or maybe thatreasoned ideas are needed.


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buzzing the solution to a problem

involves considering

An individual or a group can buzz. It involves every student in the discussion

process.


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An issue or problem is presented.

A leader for each group are picked by

the teacher or elected. Consensus is sought.

The leader reports areas of agreement or

alternative solutions if there is noagreement.


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Some people may dominate.

If all groups of the class deal with the

same topic, contributions may becontradictory or hard to combine.

Participants may need training in

interpersonal and group skills. Monitoring may be needed to keep

groups on task.


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Group members in a systematic way, seekthe solution to a problem based on thescientific method.

The step are:

- Define the problem

- Brainstorm the likely causes of the problem

- Decide the most likely cause

- Brainstorm potential solution- Select the most likely solution and decide

when and how to implement the solution.


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Set up to help students who need

remediation or more practice.

Or for students who can benefit fromenrichment.

Teacher or student can leads a tutorial

group. Greater attention to individual needs is

possible, and students can participate

more actively.


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Panel a group of students who discuss a topicbefore a class chaired by other of a student.

Committee a group of a student is assign by

us or the class to learn about a topic andreport.

Symposium several students become expertin a topic and give brief presentations to theclass.

Forum a class discussion in which a problem isexplored through question and answer.

Round table a group of students discussingan issue in front of a class.


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Is formed to complete a project, an

experiment, or practice something that

has been presented.


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Each member is assigned a role to

assume on a controversial topic.

Students may or may not agree with thestance of the role they have been given

Can bring out all sides of an issue orhave students learn to understand the

ideas or feelings of others.


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Can be used at almost any time during a

lesson. Students are asked, as individuals,

to record their opinion on an issue . Then individuals join two others and

come to an agreement. Finally, twogroups of three join and seek consensus

Each group of six reports to the class as a

whole.


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Groups are presented with a value laden

topic. Each group is asked to seek

alternative solutions, discuss and agreeon a potential solution.

This idea is for students to clarify theirvalues and to learn to understand and

tolerate the values of other.


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Students become more self-disciplined.

Should involve orderly grouping so

students take part in informedcooperative interaction.

Classroom climate must be open,friendly and nonthreatening.

Group members need acceptance, trustand security to contribute freely, speaktheir minds and be safe from teacherand peer censure and pressure.


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Students responsibility for planning,executing, and evaluating is increased.

Independence and co-operation should beencouraged and student contributionsvalued.

Have a plan for students who are shy, lazy,or dominate discussion, and those who

lead the group off task or are negative. Contributions by all students should be

promoted, and interpersonal and groupskills stressed.

In the concluding stage, the results ofinteraction should be synthesized andsummarized.


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children require periods of instuctured

time to organize and to learn how to

work together. Help to gain deeper understand of

conccept.

More on disussion


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Benefits are

1. Increase resources- group access more

information.2. Motivated to other member- praise and

give support-good idea orthats good.

3. Better decision result-idea can combined,

clarified and evaluated.

4. Stronger commitment for group-

5. More actively involved.


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Limitations

1. Group decision making takes time-

use more time.2. Time may be seen to be wasted-

discussion

3. Convictions may be suppressed-avoid confrontation or risk censure.

4. Some tasks are better done by

individuals routine or simple tasks .

5. Talk may substitute the acting. 1 or 2

are do all work.

6. Some students prefer to work alone.


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Group size are important.

Seating allow member to work

together without violating personal

space, and suitable materials shouldbe able.

Decision making.

Told the due date Divide the work


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Be on time.

Take an active part.

Contribute to group maintenance.

Have positive thinking.

Respect each others.

Avoid prejudice and keep biases out.

Support others

Accept responsibility.


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See that the ;problem is clarified Get discussion started Keep discussion moving See that all phase of the problem are brought out Keep discussion on topics Be objective Rephrase and clarify statement See the stage summary and make conclusion See all the member treated with respect Respect the confidence of the group Report the confidence of the group Report


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Discussion Approaches


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Guided carefully

Step by step

Through thought-provoking

Interjecting information

Purpose is to stimulate analysis and

interpret and shape attitude


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Discussion

-Guided Discussion

- Open Discussion

- Conducting Discussion

- Encouraging Participation


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groups and collaborative learning

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