growing prospertiy: agriculture, economic renewal and development

7/27/2019 Growing prospertiy: Agriculture, economic renewal and development

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Drat Outcome Document rom theExperts Meeting on Innovating Out o Poverty

OECD, Paris, 67 April 2009

GROWING PROSPERITYAricltre, Economic Renewal and Development

Ke MessaesPreace

Cairs Smmar Seeding New Growth

Harvesting Technological Opportunities

Learning to Grow

Sprouting New Businesses

Plowing New Ground


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KEy MESSAgES

Te crrent lobal economic crisis and risin ood prices are orcin te international commnit

to review teir otlook or man welare and prosperit. Much o the current concern on how to oster

development and prosperity in developing countries reects the consequences o recent neglect o agriculture

and inrastructure as drivers o development. In act, agriculture has through the ages served as the driving

orce behind national development. Furthermore, it has been historical practice to use returns rom investmentin agriculture to stimulate industrial development. Restoring it to its right place in the development process

will require world leaders to take a number o bold steps.

Science and innovation ave alwas been te ke orces beind aricltral rowt in particlar and

economic transormation in eneral. More specifcally, the ability to add value to agricultural production

via the application o scientifc knowledge to entrepreneurial activities stands out as one o the most

important lessons o economic history. I agriculture is to become a dynamic, innovative and rewarding

sector in developing countries, world leaders will need to launch new initiatives that include the ollowing

strategic elements:

1. Bold leadersip driven b eads o state in developing countries, supported by those o developed andemerging economies, is needed in order that the real value o agriculture in the economy o developing

countries is recognised. Specifcally, high-level leadership is essential to establish national visions or

agriculture and rural development, champion specifc missions or liting productivity and nutritional

levels with quantifable targets, and engage various ministries in what is a multi-sectoral process.

2. Aricltre needs to be reconised as a knowlede-intensive prodctive sector that is mainly carried

out in the inormal private economy, largely consisting o small-scale entrepreneurs and individual

armers. As capacity building o human assets is essential to innovation, innovation in the agricultural

system will require creating close interactions among government, academia, business and civil society.

In other words, reorms will need to be introduced in knowledge-based institutions to integrate research,

schooling, university teaching, armers extension and proessional training, thereby involving them

directly with the development and commercialisation o products.

3. Policies ave to rentl address aordable access to commnication services or people to se in teir

everda lives, as well as broadband Internet connectivit or centres o learnin sc as niversities

and tecnical collees. This is vital to access knowledge which also triggers local innovations, boosting

rural development beyond agriculture. It is an investment with high returns. Policy intervention to create

good land inormation systems covering ownership would also boost investment in agriculture.

4. Improvin rral prodctivit also reqires sinifcant investments in basic inrastrctre, including

acilities such as transportation, rural energy and irrigation. There will be little progress without such

oundational investments.

5. Creatin entreprenersip and acilitatin private sector developmenthas to be highest on the agendato promote the autonomy and support needed to translate opportunity into prosperity. This has to be

seen as an investment in itsel, with careully tailored incentives and risk-sharing approaches supported

by government.


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PREACE

Agricultural productivity, entrepreneurship and value addition are all potential drivers o poverty

reduction in rural-based economies. In many poor countries, however, armers, small- and medium-sized

enterprises and research centres do not interact in ways that accelerate the move beyond low value added

subsistence agriculture. Consequently, it is important to strengthen rural innovation systems, develop

eective clusters that can add value to unprocessed raw materials, and promote value chains across diverse

sectors related to ood such as horticulture, processing, packaging, storage, transportation, saety, distribution

systems and exports. These steps are all central to moving beyond subsistence agriculture, generating growth

and moving towards prosperity.

Developed and emerging economies can do much more to identiy and support policies and

programmes that can assist developing countries to break out o poverty by taking a comprehensive

approach to agricultural development. This requires rethinking the agenda in terms o innovation systems to

oster interactions among government, industry, academia and civil society all o whom are critical actors.

The Organisation or Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) held a one and a hal day

experts meeting on Innovating Out o Poverty (67 April 2009) to gather state-o-the-art knowledge oninnovation systems. Nearly 20 experts rom academia, government, industry, civil society rom both

developed and developing countries as well as international organisations participated in a brainstorming

meeting which was chaired by Calestous Juma, Proessor o the Practice o International Development at

Harvard Kennedy School and Director o its Science, Technology and Globalisation Project.

The meeting was guided by the view that innovation is the engine o social and economic development,

in both developed and developing countries. There is a particular need to get innovation onto the

development agenda and process, as well as to promote co-operation between developed and developing

countries to achieve this. The outputs o the meeting will contribute to the Horizontal Project on Food,

Agriculture and Development as well as to the OECD Strategy on Innovation, both or submission to the

OECD Meeting o the Council at Ministerial Level in June 2009.

Richard Carey

Director, Development Co-operation Directorate

Oranisation or Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris


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ChAIRS SuMMARy

Calestous JumaProessor o te Practice o International Development

harvard Kenned Scool

1. Seedin new rowt

1.1 We are entering a new age where our knowledge o global productive systems requires us to think

and act in a more holistic way. Dealing with the challenges o sustainability demands greater imagination,

creativity, and innovation than we thought was necessary. Once again, humanity is challenged to bring its

best talents to the task o renewing agriculture as a oundation or regional economic development,

particularly in Arica. The prospects o building a modern agriculture that is knowledge-intensive and

rewarding are real. The current global economic crisis, rising ood prices, and the general uncertainty over

global ecological degradation generate new opportunities and imperatives to adapt agriculture in developing

countries that is both more productive and more sustainable.

1.2 The good news is that the global community has over the centuries amassed considerable knowledgeand experience in the feld o agricultural development. We live in an age o technological abundance.

Scientifc and technical knowledge now accumulates at an astounding rate. In addition, our capacity to

collect, store, and transmit knowledge has considerably expanded through the use o new technologies. As a

result, many o the practices that had previously been a part o traditional knowledge can now be harnessed

and put to the service o agricultural development. Moreover, local knowledge can now be applied globally

because o advances in inormation and communication technologies.

1.3 The world is now one, both technologically and ecologically. We can also think globally and act globally

in every locality. But to do this requires our political leaders to muster the courage to put agriculture in

developing countries at the centre o our eorts to renew growth and promote prosperity. They must

abandon the view that agriculture is a transient phase on the linear road to the post-industrial age. A ocus

on agriculture as the oundation or new prosperity is not a return to the past, but a new step orward in our

socio-economic evolution. The demands o the new agriculture require executive leadership to align the wide

range o actors needed to achieve specifc economic and societal goals.

1.4 In other words, modern agriculture in developing countries can no longer thrive without the express

guidance and direction o heads o state or government rom both developing countries and developed or

emerging economies. The success o ministries o agriculture will depend largely on the extent to which

they can secure the executive support needed to implement long-term eorts to put agriculture at the

centre o economic renewal and development. Ministers o agriculture around the world must take bold

measures to advance their cause as a joined-up, cross-economy eort. They must harness the urgency o the

ood and agriculture agenda with the political orce o their sovereign leaders in order to promote coherent

policies and action in the national, regional and global arenas.

1.5 Thus it is not just ministers o agriculture who need to take bold action. Successul agriculture means

that developing countries need to establish agricultural universities to train armers and improve the

quality o agricultural research to solve local problems. It also means developing roads, ports, and fber optic

inrastructure to support rural development and access to markets, which are necessary or promoting

entrepreneurship and ostering a spirit o innovation. Since each o these activities typically alls under the

domain o a dierent ministry, co-ordinating them requires vision and leadership on the part o developing

country leaders and the developed or emerging economies who work with them. As things are now,

tangible support to this holistic approach is not always evident.


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2. harvestin tecnoloical opportnities

2.1 The most daring initiative to address hunger was the Green Revolution. This initiative enabled countries

in Latin America and Asia to overcome chronic ood shortages by ocusing on agricultural productivity.

2.2 There were two important pointers rom the Green Revolution. The frst was that eorts must be

ocused on harnessing existing scientifc knowledge and technological opportunities to address ood security.

The second was the creation o a new generation o agricultural research institutions whose ocus was toadapt existing varieties to new terrains. With these research institutions came a wide range o innovations

in property rights, dissemination o seed, access to inputs, creation o markets and the development o new

businesses.

2.3 Today, the global community has more access to scientifc and technical knowledge than it did in the

1960s. Advances in felds such as inormation and communication technology, genetics and ecology, as well

as global connectivity have put powerul agricultural tools in the hands o the global community. For example,

advances in genetics have made new tools available to local armers that enable them to adapt crops to local

conditions, respond to environmental stresses such as drought, and reduce the use o polluting agricultural

chemicals.

2.4 The emergence o new digital banking is replacing conventional currencies and transorming rural

business practices. Farmers around the world are now using mobile telephony to exchange market

inormation, transer money, and organise their operations in ways that were not possible only a ew years

ago. Kenyas Saaricom Ltd., or example, was among the frst companies in the world to introduce a service

that enables the transer o money through a mobile phone. The M-PESA service is available to all Saaricom

subscribers even i they do not have a bank account. Its advent has transormed banking and created new

employment opportunities or agents. It has also made these transactions more secure and aordable as well

as simplifed money transers to rural areas that were previously excluded rom fnancial services.

2.5 Geographically-reerenced inormation such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) is also helping to

provide precise inormation on location and thereby transorming agricultural logistics. Although many o

these technologies have been developed outside the arming sector, they can now be harnessed to acilitateagricultural innovation. For example, digitisation o data is transorming property rights and making it easier

or armers to access credit. The digitalisation o over 20 million land records under the Bhoomi Project

in Indias State o Karnataka helped improve the availability o inormation on land rights and land use

practices. Not only has this lowered the costs o accessing records, but has also become a platorm or urther

innovation, such as creating demand or the establishment o data access kiosks. Bankers are also now able

to provide crop loans much aster. Land disputes are declining, which in turn is encouraging armers to

invest in their land without ear. Land markets are also growing at a aster rate. Emboldened by the success

o the project, the government o India has launched the National Land Records Modernisation Programme

(NLRMP) to cover the entire nation.

2.6 The ability o the agriculture sector to harness the power o emerging technologies will also depend

in part on the existence o oundational inrastructure in rural areas. Inrastructure can be defned as

the acilities, structures, and associated equipment and services designed to acilitate the ow o goods,

services, and ideas. Poor inrastructure is a critical barrier to accelerating economic renewal and prosperity.

For example, armers cannot acquire inputs or sell their outputs without efcient transportation acilities.

But more importantly, inrastructure acilities are also the centres or the diusion o technical skills

in society.

2.7 The construction o inrastructure acilities have the potential to become schools where most

basic technical skills that are taught in the classroom are strengthened in the orm o on-the-job training.

For example, countries such as South Korea, Malaysia, Egypt, Ghana, and Kenya have created universities

that are directly connected to the telecommunications ministry which seek to train students in skills that are

directly relevant to the telecoms sector.

2.8 The need to expand inrastructure as a oundation or agriculture and prosperity is so great that it

will require concerted eorts beyond standard private sector investments. It has to be treated as a matter

o urgency. Creative approaches which include the use o existing resources, including those o the


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military or road construction, or example, need to be used to reocus attention on expanding critical rural

inrastructure.

3. Learnin to row

3.1 Agriculture is by defnition a networked activity that involves a complex web o actors orming clusters

o creativity. Thereore, agricultural innovation is a product o interactions between actors rom a wide

range o felds related to ood including agronomy, processing, packaging, saety, standards, metrology,and export development. For innovation to occur, the interactions need to be open, drawing on the best

available knowledge. Defning agriculture as a knowledge-based activity requires a repositioning o learning

institutions such as universities and research institutes. Most importantly, critical unctions such as research,

teaching, extension and commercialisation need to be much more closely integrated.

3.2 The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) represents a recent institutional innovation

that has played a pivotal role in transorming Brazilian agriculture. This example and lessons learned should

be considered in developing knowledge systems in developing countries. Taking a regional approach is also

more likely to reect the growing interest among developing countries in promoting integrated approaches

to economic development.

3.3 But such agricultural agencies will need to orge close collaboration with local universities and

research institutes charged with promoting rural development. Ministries o agriculture need to work closely

with agricultural enterprises and armers to create a new generation o universities that combine research,

teaching and commercialisation o products. Some o the existing research institutes could be transormed

into such universities along the lines o the emerging telecoms universities. In particular, these institutions

should open their doors to armers and entrepreneurs through open classrooms.

3.4 Americas land-grant colleges have been pioneers in ostering agricultural growth by combining

research, education and extension services. This model is being reinvented around the world to address

analogous challenges. One o the most striking examples is in the curriculum reorm o the EARTH University

in Costa Rica, created through a USD 100 million endowment provided by the United States Agency or

International Development and the Kellogg Foundation. Its curriculum is designed to match the realities oagribusiness. The university dedicates itsel to producing a new generation o agents o change who ocus on

creating enterprises rather than seeking jobs.

3.5 Elements o this approach already exist in some Arican universities. For example, Kenyas Jomo

Kenyatta University o Agriculture and Technologybuilt with the support o Japan International

Co-operation Agency (JICA)works closely with arming communities. Furthermore, variants o the new model

are in operation at the Arican Rural University or Women in Uganda and the University o Development

Studies in Ghana.

3.6 These models show how to ocus agricultural training as a way to improve practical arming activities.

Ministries o agriculture and arming enterprises in developing countries should be encouraged to create

entrepreneurial universities, polytechnics and high schools that address agricultural challenges. Suchcolleges could link up with counterparts in developed or emerging economies as well as institutions

providing venture capital in order to serve as incubators o rural enterprises. Establishing such colleges will

require reorming the curriculum, improving pedagogy, and granting greater management autonomy.

They should be guided by the curiosity, creativity, and risk-taking inclination o armers.

4. Sprotin new bsinesses

4.1 Economic change entails the transormation o knowledge into goods and services through business

enterprises. In this respect, creating links between knowledge and business development is the most

important challenge acing agricultural renewal in developing countries.

4.2 One critical starting point is knowledge prospecting which involves identiying existing technologies

and using them to create new businesses. The Chile Foundation, or example, stands out as an example o a

knowledge prospecting agency that has played an inspirational role in economic diversifcation in Chile.


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4.3 Many regions o the developing world have so ar been too isolated to beneft rom the global stock

o technical knowledge. Countries in these regions, particularly in Arica, need to make a concerted eort

to mobilise the diaspora, which can serve as a link to existing know-how and to global markets, train local

workers to perorm new tasks, and organise the process o developing and marketing more knowledge

intensive, higher value-added agricultural products.

4.4 Advances in communication technologies and the advent o lower-cost high-speed Internet will also

reduce this isolation dramatically. The laying o new fbre optic cables along the coasts o Arica as well as

the potential use o lower-latency satellite technology can signifcantly reduce the price o international

connectivity which will enable Arican universities and research institutions to play new roles in rural

development. The urther development o Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) in those Arican countries where

they do not exist also has an important role to play. IXPs enable Internet trafc to be exchanged locally, rather

than transversing networks located outside the continent, thereby improving the experience o users and

lowering the cost to provide the service.

4.5 Much is already known on how to support business development. The available policy tools include direct

fnancing via matching grants, taxation policies, government or public procurement policies, and rewards to

recognise creativity and innovation. For example, Chinas mission-oriented Spark Programme, created to

popularise modern technology in rural areas, had spread to more than 90 percent o the countrys counties by2005. The programme helped to improve the capability o young rural people by upgrading their technological

skills, creating a nation-wide network or distance learning and encouraging rural enterprises to become

internationally competitive. The programme was sponsored by the Ministry o Science and Technology.

4.6 But none o these measures will succeed in the absence o consistent and long-term policy guidance on

the one hand and autonomy o action on the part o armers and entrepreneurs on the other hand. The latter

is particularly critical because a large part o economic growth entails experimentation and learning. None

o these can take place unless armers and associated entrepreneurs have sufcient reedom to act. In other

words, development has to be viewed as an expression o human potentialities and not a product o external

interventions.

4.7 As the emergence o a vertically integrated silk industry in Rwanda suggests, one motivated oreignentrepreneur and investor supported by the President can improve the fnancial well-being o hundreds,

i not thousands o subsistence armers instead o displacing them rom rural areas to urban slums.

This example also illustrates that entrepreneurs are more likely to excel i they eel that they are trusted

and are given the autonomy or ownership needed to experiment and take risks. Ownership and risk taking

are in act two elements that need to be emphasised much more in the support by developed and emerging

economies.


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CREATINg A SILK INDuSTRy IN RWANDA

Raj Rajendran, a textile engineer and entrepreneur, was sent to Rwanda in 1999 to close down

a cotton textile actory that was rendered unviable by the events during the civil war. However,

he soon realised that Rwandas volcanic soil and climatic conditions were similar to those o

southern India where sericulture was a major industry. Raj also had an occasion to meet President

Paul Kagame, who gave his blessing to the silk production. Raj thereore planted mulberry cuttings

brought rom India and received co-operation rom a Korean expert rom the Food and Agriculture

Organisation who brought silk worm eggs rom Korea. Ater experimentation, the worms grew into

quality cocoons by eating the Rwandan mulberry leaves. Furthermore, they discovered that while

cocoon production can only have 2-5 cycles in Asia, those in Rwanda could have 810 cycles a yeardue to the ertile soil and abundant rainall.

Around that time (200304), the Ministry o Deense was searching or alternative employment

or demobilised soldiers. Raj thereore proposed to provide employment or the ex-soldiers in

sericulture. The Ministry o Deense considered this proposal and inormed the President about its

viability. The President immediately tasked the Ministries o Agriculture and Deense to expand

sericulture in the country by including it as a priority in Rwandas Vision 2020.

Raj converted an old rerigerator into an incubator to hatch silk worm eggs, imported second-

hand machinery rom India, and started reeling Rwandas frst silk yarn. He sent Rwandans

to India or training and engaged local engineers to design and produce handlooms at local

vocational centres. The Ministries o Agriculture and Deense jointly promoted sericulture arms

and supported training and ormation o co-operatives involving the local population. As a result,

the produced silk materials, tested in Bangalore and Lyon, were rated as high quality. Indian

experts were then hired to train locals or product development such as ties, scarves and traditional

Rwandan attires using vegetable dyes.

The silk products are now ready to be exported to the Arican region and possibly to the US and

Canada, with their own brand name Silk Hills, proudly emblazoned with a Made in Rwanda

label. Rajs company has also become the largest private employer in Rwanda. He is working

towards creating approximately 150 000 jobs in the silk industry in parallel with the Rwandan

governments programme o 10 000 hectares o mulberry cultivation. Raj was also able to revive

the production o cotton-based textiles using cotton grown in the region, enabling his company tosupply products such as bags to Macys and Starbucks. The company has also supplied promotional

products or the Obama campaign and the inauguration ceremony. Raj is now working on banana

stem and pineapple lea-based textiles to make use o the abundant resources that are being

wasted in Rwanda and elsewhere. As a result o these innovative ideas and support rom leaders

and government, Rajs company expects revenues to eventually reach the order o USD 250 million

per year through exports in the next 5 years, making the companys slogan Weaving Dreams

into Prosperity become a reality in Rwanda.


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5. Plowin new rond

Entrepreneurial leadership in developing countries

5.1 It is not enough or governments to simply reduce the cost o doing business. Fostering agricultural

renewal will require them to unction as active acilitators o technological learning. Government

actions will need to reect the entrepreneurial character o the arming community; they too will need

to be entrepreneurial. Moreover, addressing the challenge will require governments to adopt a mission-

oriented approach by setting key targets and providing support to armers who could meet quantifable

targets that they can achieve. This mission-oriented approach will require greater reliance on executive

co-ordination o diverse departmental activities.

5.2 Fostering economic renewal and prosperity in developing countries will entail adjustments in the

structure and unctions o government. More undamentally, issues related to agricultural innovation

must be addressed in an integrated way at the highest possible levels in government. There is thereore a

need to strengthen the capacity o presidential ofces to integrate science, technology, and innovation in

all agriculture-related aspects o government. Moreover, such ofces will also need to play a greater role

in ostering interactions between government, business, academia, and civil society. This task requires

champions.

5.3 One o the key aspects o executive direction is the extent to which leaders are inormed about the

role o science and innovation in agricultural development. Systematic advice on science and innovation

must be included routinely in policy-making. Such advisory activities must have access to credible technical

inormation drawing rom diverse sources including scientifc and engineering academies. In act, the

magnitude o the challenge or regions like Arica is so great that a case could be made or new academies

dedicated to agricultural science, technology and innovation.

5.4 Science and technology diplomacy is also a critical aspect o international relations. Thereore,

ministries o oreign aairs in developing countries have a responsibility to promote international technology

co-operation particularly by orging strategic alliances on issues related to agriculture. To eectively carry out

this task, oreign ministries also need to strengthen their internal capability in science and innovation.

New roles for developed and emerging economies

5.5 We have examples which show that, with the appropriate policy space, developing countries can provide

creative leadership on critical challenges. For example, Malawis dramatic achievements in ood security

can largely be attributed to bold executive actions. Developed and emerging economies should thereore

identiy and work closely with leaders o these developing countries who demonstrate such leadership. This

leadership and the associated institutional innovations may be more important than large fnancial ows.

In act, these are essential companions or eective scaling up o fnancial assistance.

5.6 Developed and emerging economies are also major repositories o scientifc knowledge and lessons o

relevance to developing countries. Their most important contributions might lie in their ability to help create

new institutional arrangements that support application o existing scientifc and technological knowledge

in promoting agriculture in developing countries. They would need to do so as part o new and bold

institutional innovations aimed at restoring the standing o agriculture as a leading driver o economic

transormation and prosperity.

5.7 Along with support in terms o developing inrastructure and the supply o communication technology,

the capacities o developed and emerging economies in serving as honest brokers in linking technical

knowledge to unding sources has also become one o the most urgent roles they can play in developing

countries. Such brokerage must be done at a scale that can make a dierence. In particular, international

co-operation can help create agricultural innovation systems in developing countries by supporting local

eorts to: improve the quality and relevance o agricultural research; establish new agricultural universities;ocus the work o agricultural universities and national or international research institutes on problems

that are relevant to the needs o armers, ood processors, and value added exporters; and promote rural

entrepreneurship and innovation.


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PARTICIPANTS LIST

Innovating Out of Poverty

Cairperson

Mr. Calestos JuMAProessor o the Practice oInternational Development,Harvard Kennedy School

Canada

Mr. David ANgELL

Director General o International OrganisationsMinistry o Foreign Aairs

Japan

Mr. hiroki KuBOTA

Executive Advisor to DG Rural DevelopmentJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Mr. yositaka hOShINO

Counsellor,Permanent Delegation

Mr. Tor yOShIDA

Second Secretary, Development,Permanent Delegation

India

Mr. Rajeev ChAWLA

Commissioner,Survey Settlements & Land Records DepartmentState o Karnataka

International ederation o Aricltral Prodcers(IAP)

Mr. David KINg

Secretary GeneralMr. Ral MONTEMAyOR

National Business Manager / Chair IFAPs AsianFarmers Committee,

Federation o Free Farmers

uN Conerence on Trade and Development (uNCTAD)

Mr. Carles gORE

Special Co-ordinator or Cross-Sectoral Issues,Division or Arica,Least Developed Countries and Special Programmes,UN Conerence on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Constelor Investment holdins

Mr. Palo gOMES

Founder

Consltative grop on International AricltralResearc (CgIAR)

Mr. Ren WANg

Director

Conslt hperion

Mr. David BIRChDirector

ETC ondation

Mr. Larens VAN VELDhuIZEN

Co-ordinator Prolinnova (Promoting Local Innovationin Ecological Oriented Agriculture and NRM)

Institte or Economic Researc on Innovation

Ms. Erika KRAEMER-MBuLA

Research Ofcer at Centre or Research in InnovationManagement (CENTRIM)

International nd or Aricltral Development(IAD)

Mr. Kalid EL-hARIZI

Manager,Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative (IMI)

Science & Tecnolo Polic Researc (SPRu),universit o Sssex

Mr. Adrian ELy

Research Fellow & Lecturer

Te Open universitMs. Wat WAMAE

Development, Policy and Practice

united Nations universit - Maastrict Economic andSocial Researc and Trainin Centre on Innovationand Tecnolo (uNu-MERIT)

Mr. Andrew hALL

Co-odinator Learning Innovation & Knowledge (LINK)Initiative

uTEXRWA S.A.

Mr. Rajendran RANgANAThANManaging Director

World Bank

Mr. Alred WATKINS

Science and Technology Program Co-ordinatorMs. Eija PEhu

Senior Advisor,Agriculture and Rural Development Department


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PARTICIPANTS LIST

Innovating Out of Poverty

OECD

Mr. Ricard CAREyDirectorDevelopment Co-operation Directorate

Ms. Kaori MIyAMOTO

Counsellor to the Directors OfceDevelopment Co-operation Directorate

Mr. Peter BIELER

Economist/Policy AnalystDevelopment Co-operation DirectoratePoverty Reduction & Growth Division

Mr. Andrew WyCKOActing DirectorDirectorate or Science, Technology and Industry

Mr. gan ZhANg

Principal Administrator (Non-Member Economies)Directorate or Science, Technology and IndustryScience and Technology Policy Division

Mr. Sam PALTRIDgE

Principal AdministratorDirectorate or Science, Technology and IndustryInormation and Communications Policy Division

Mr. Joe DEWBRE

Senior Agriculture Policy AnalystTrade and Agriculture DirectorateDevelopment Division

Mr. Karim huSSEIN

Technical AdvisorArica Partnership Forum Support Unit


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growing prospertiy: agriculture, economic renewal and development

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