growth and development of organisms
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Growth and Development
of Organisms
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What is Growth?
Growth is an increase in size of an organism. It
is a quantitatively measurable change.
For example, leaves increase in length andwidth. It means that the length and width of
leaves can be measured in centimeters or
meters. We can say that they grow.
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What is Development?
The developmental process, the change that
happens is called a qualitative change, which
cannot be measured.
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What is Development?
When an egg is about to hatch, there is no
increase in its size but there is an important
process of development the egg hatches
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Some Factors that Influence
Growth and Development Growth and development of living thing are
influenced by various factors, booth external
and internal
The internal factors are determined by genes.
The work of genes is seen in the work of
hormones and enzymes.
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Some Factors that Influence
Growth and Development A hormone, auxin for example increases the
number and the size of the cells of a tree
trunk. It causes the tree grow taller and
bigger.
An enzyme, digestive enzymes in mammals
enable food to be digested and a bsorbed by
the body.
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Some Factors that Influence
Growth and Development External factors are related to anything in the
environment such as air, water, soil, andsunlight
The sunlight plays an important role in thegrowth and development of plants. It affects
quantity of chlorophyll, formation of youngplants, period of fruition, and the ability toform and store food.
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Nutrients needed by green plants
The plant take minerals in defferent ways.
Certain plants can take free nitrogen from the
air with the help of bacteria through a process
known as nitrogen fixation.
Most plants take nitrogen from the soil in the
form of ions
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Nutrients needed by green plants
Macro elements (four essential elements ):carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), andnitrogen (N)
Micro elements : Sulphur (S), Calcium (Ca),Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P), potassium
(K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu),zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), boron (B), andchlorine (Cl)
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Growth of animal
Their life cycle starts from their birth, and
then continues to grow, mature, produce and
die.
Animals need food for their growth. Food
gives them with energy to grow
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The life cycle of a frog
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The life cycle of a butterfly
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The life cycle of a grasshopers
Grasshoppers have different types of a
metamorphosis, it involves three phases,
namely egg, nymph, and adult.
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The life cycle of a moss
Metagenesis in a moss plant
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The life cycle of a fern
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The growth areas of
plants
At the tip there is a terminal bud,
which is also known as an apical
meristem. Along the stem there
are lateral buds, which are also
known as side buds or axillary
buds. Finally they can grow into
branches, leaves, or flowers.
Buds are the start of new growth
and the points where they
appear are nodes of growth.
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The growth areas of
plants
Some plant species have
stems that keepbecoming larger
Stem enlargement is
determined by thepresence of a cambium
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The growth areas of
plants
Increasing size of the
diameter of stem, It isbecause the quantity of
xylem and phloem
increases in the samedirection.
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The growth areas of plants
Xylem and Phloem are vascular tissues for
transport
Xylem transports water and mineralsolutions from the roots to the leaves
Phloem transports photosynthesis products
from leaves to all plant organs