growth and diet utilization in pacu piaractus mesopotamicus using soybean replacement of...
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![Page 1: Growth and Diet Utilization in Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Using Soybean Replacement of Casein-Gelatin as Protein Source Maria Esther Palacios 1,3, Konrad](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d425503460f94a1e057/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Growth and Diet Utilization in Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Using Soybean
Replacement of Casein-Gelatin as Protein Source
Maria Esther Palacios1,3, Konrad Dabrowski,1 and C.C. Kohler 2
1 The Ohio State University, School of Natural Resources, Columbus, Ohio, USA2Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
3Universidad Nacional de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
![Page 2: Growth and Diet Utilization in Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Using Soybean Replacement of Casein-Gelatin as Protein Source Maria Esther Palacios 1,3, Konrad](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d425503460f94a1e057/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fish market in Iquitos, Peru
Fish is an Important Protein Source in the Peruvian Amazon
![Page 3: Growth and Diet Utilization in Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Using Soybean Replacement of Casein-Gelatin as Protein Source Maria Esther Palacios 1,3, Konrad](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d425503460f94a1e057/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Utilization of Plant Proteins by Pacu
Camu-camu(Myrciaria dubia)
Aguaje(Mauritia flexuosa)
Maca(Lepidium meyenii)
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0
5
10
15
20
0 2 4 6 8
Maca
Aguaje
Camu-camu
Control
Weeks
Mea
n b
ody
wei
ght
(g)
Growth Rate of Juvenile Pacu Fed Experimental Diets Supplemented (15%) With Different Plant Protein SourcesControl semipurified diet = Casein (40%), gelatin (8%), wheat meal 15%-based
![Page 5: Growth and Diet Utilization in Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Using Soybean Replacement of Casein-Gelatin as Protein Source Maria Esther Palacios 1,3, Konrad](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d425503460f94a1e057/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Body Weights and Food Conversion in Rainbow Trout and Pacu Juveniles After 4 Weeks of Feeding
Histological Examination of digestive tract (intestine, liver, pancreas) (Ostaszewska et al. 2003)
Mean weight
Feed conversion0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Mea
n w
eigh
t (f
ish
, g)
Feed conversion (feed/gain)
Pacu
Rainbow trout
Initial weight
Initial weight
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
Dietary treatment
Control SBM SPC
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Objectives
To develop a semipurified, casein-gelatin based diet that can be used in nutrient requirement study with Amazonian fish.
To examine the effects of practical diets containing soybean meal (SBM) and soy protein concentrate (SPC) on growth and feed utilization in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus.
![Page 7: Growth and Diet Utilization in Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Using Soybean Replacement of Casein-Gelatin as Protein Source Maria Esther Palacios 1,3, Konrad](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d425503460f94a1e057/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Composition of Experimental Diets
Control SPC (50 % SBM (50 % protein replaced) protein replaced)
Casein 40 20 20Gelatin 8 4 4SPC - 32 -SBM - - 44Dextrin 21.25 13.05 1.05CPSP* 5 5 5
MajorIngredients
* Soluble fish protein concentrate (Suprapeche, France)
Cod liver oil 11%; lecithin 3%;vitamin mix 4%; mineral mix 3%;CMC 0.5%
![Page 8: Growth and Diet Utilization in Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Using Soybean Replacement of Casein-Gelatin as Protein Source Maria Esther Palacios 1,3, Konrad](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d425503460f94a1e057/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Experimental Conditions
Fish : juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus Weight : 0.34 g ± 0.02 (35 fish/tank) Design : 3 dietary treatments (3 rep.) Feeding : 4 – 8 % BW/day (3 times/day) Water temp.: 26 ± 0.27 oC Period : 8 weeks
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Growth rate (every 2 weeks) Feed utilization
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)FCR = food consumption (g) / body weight gain (g)
Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)PER= Weight gain (g) / protein intake (g)
Net Protein Utilization (NPU) NPU(%)=Protein gain (g) / protein intake (g) x 100
Diet and whole body composition
Parameters Examined
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Pictures of Facility, Fish, and Analysis of Fish Samples
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Results
![Page 12: Growth and Diet Utilization in Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus Using Soybean Replacement of Casein-Gelatin as Protein Source Maria Esther Palacios 1,3, Konrad](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d425503460f94a1e057/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Protein Lipid Ash
Control 63.39 11.2 4.69
SPC (50%CP) 55.52 13.9 6.78
SBM (50%CP) 57.48 16.6 7.61
Diets
Proximate Composition of Experimental Diets (% Dry Matter)
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Experimental diets
Control SPC SBM
Mea
n w
eig
ht
(g)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Growth Performance of Pacu After 8 Weeks of Feeding
Initial weight
Initial weight
Final weight
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Time (week)2 4 6 8
FC
R
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
ControlSPCSBM
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) for Pacu in the Course of the Study
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Rainbow trout Pacu FCR FCR
Casein- gelatin (Control) 0.87 ± 0.02b 0.76 ± 0.01a
SPC (50%CP) 1.07 ± 0.04a 0.73 ± 0.01a
SBM (50%CP) 1.04 ± 0.01a 0.61 ± 0.03b
Dietary treatments
•FCR: food consumption (g) / body weight gain (g)
•Means annotated with the same letter are not significantly different (P > 0.05)
Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of Juvenile Pacu and Rainbow Trout Fed Four Experimental Diets for 8 Weeks
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Protein Lipid Ash
Control 67.28 19.3 14.27
SPC (50%CP) 69.04 15.3 15.53
SBM (50%CP) 66.34 15.0 15.97
Diets
Whole Body Proximate Composition (%Dry Matter) of Juvenile Pacu Fed Three Experimental Diets for 8 Weeks
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Rainbow trout Pacu PER NPU PER NPU
Casein- gelatin 1.95 ± 0.05a 26.9 ± 1.5a 2.23 ± 0.03b 27.7 ± 0.5c
(Control)
SPC (50%CP) 1.77 ± 0.07b 22.7 ± 1.1b 2.59 ± 0.04b 32.2 ± 0.6b
SBM (50%CP) 1.76 ± 0.02b 24.5 ± 0.5b 3.07 ± 0.27a 41.8 ± 3.5a
Diets
Utilization of a Semipurified, Casein-gelatin Based Diet and Diets With 50% Protein Replaced by Soybean Meal (SBM) or Soy Protein Concentrate (SPC). Eight Week Feeding Experiments at 14- 18C (Rainbow trout) or 26 C (Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus)
PER = Weight gain / protein intake NPU (%) = Protein gain / protein intake
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Protein Efficiency Ratios in Cultured Fishes
A comparison of protein efficiency ratios in young fish when fed semipurified diets (C: casein, G: gelatin, WG: wheat gluten, % of diet) in five studies on different species. Rainbow trout (Lee et al., 2004, our laboratories), coho salmon (Luzzana et al., 1997), channel catfish (Buentello and Gatlin 2000), pacu 0.3 g initial weight (Palacios et al., 2004, diet contained also 10% casein hydrolysate), and pacu 4.3 g initial weight (Tesser et al., 2004). The highest PER values in a particular study are shown.
0
1
2
3
Pro
tein
eff
icie
ncy
rati
o(b
iom
ass
ga
in/p
rote
in c
on
sum
ed
)Rainbow
trout
Channelcatfish
PacuPacu
(4.3 g)
Cohosalmon
Pacu(0.3 g)
40%C8%G
10%C9%G
22%WG
10%C2.5%G
36%C6%G
Pacu(4.3 g)
15%C
38%WG
30%C8%G
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Conclusions
Soybean meal protein replacement in casein gelatin based diets has significant positive effect on growth of pacu.
Pacu better utilize high protein diets containing plant protein sources compared to other species, such as salmonids and channel catfish.
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Funding for this research was provided by the
Aquaculture Collaborative
Research Support Program
The Aquaculture CRSP is funded in part by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Grant No. LAG-G-00-96-90015-00 and by participating
institutions.