Growth of the Cities: The Challenges of Urban Life

Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

D. H. Burnham

1846 – 1912

Use of steelas a superstructure.

DH Burnham: Fisher [Apt.] Bldg, Chicago

Louis Sullivan

1856 – 1924

Form follows function!

The Chicago School ofArchitecture

Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie,

Scott Dept. Store,

Chicago, 1899

Characteristics of Urbanization in the late 19th Century

1.Megalopolis2.Mass Transit3.Magnet for economic and social opportunities4.Pronounced class distinctions: Inner vs. Outer City5.Squalid living conditions for many6.Political machines7.Ethnic neighborhoods

10-11Objective:

Identify the characteristics of a tenement apartment.

What are its best and worst features?

The Façade: 1870

97 Orchard StreetLower East Side, NYC

Housing- The Tenement

Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

Hester Street – Jewish

McAlpin House

Millionaires’ Row

http://www.tenement.org/Virtual_Tour/vt_gumpertz2.html