GTRI_B-1

Triton X-100

GTRI_B-2

Carbon Nanotubes

• Elicarb

• Dry - MWCNT

• AQ – MWCNT

• Dry – SWCNT

• AQ - SWCNT

GTRI_B-3

Vacuum Pump

• Electric pump

• Capable of pulling -80kPa constantly

• Simple switch on

• Wore out

• Manual pump

• Capable of sustaining -80kPa once reached

• Took 2 minutes of hand pumping

• Good workout

GTRI_B-4

Vacuum Beaker Setup

• Funnel holds CNT liquid

• Pressure differential pulls liquid through filter

• Creates interwoven CNT mat once dried

• Can cause peeling

GTRI_B-5

Thermal Evaporated Aluminum

• Better contact between electrode and coin cell case

• Done in the Baker cleanroom

• Deposited ~300nm

• Full evap. takes ~2hrs

GTRI_B-6

Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

• Cut filter into 13mm circles

• Applied 60µL-80µL

• RTIL’s Labeled by number (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12)

47mm

13mm

GTRI_B-7

Coin Cell

• Coin cell

• Two wave springs for greater pressure

• Spacer disks in place to allow wave spring stability

• Contents on bottom for ease of fabrication

GTRI_B-8

Coin Cell Crimper

• Hohsen coin cell closing tool

• Manual press

• Bends corners over gasket

• Approx. 20/hr

GTRI_B-9

Finished Product

• Width = 3.28

• Diameter = 20mm

• Approx. Weight = 3.657g

GTRI_B-10

Testing Structure

Seperator Type

Iteration

CNT Type CNT Amount

Aluminum

Nylon1

MWCNT AQ/DrySWCNT AQ/DRY

4

35mg 70mg 105mg3

Yes/No2

RTIL Type5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 127

1st 2nd 3rd 3

Combonation of Possibilities:1 · 4 · 3 · 2 · 7 · 3 = 504 coin cells!!

GTRI_B-11

Testing• Solartron

• Electrochemical interface tests

• Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer

• Tests

• Constant Current

• Constant Voltage

• Impedance Spectroscopy

GTRI_B-12

Constant Current

• Solatron supplies constant current (I = 0.001A)

• Senses output voltage and graphs

• Completely automated process

GTRI_B-13

Impedance Spectroscopy

• Applies a voltage frequency scan

• Senses gain and phase from supercap

• Plots real, imaginary and amplitude

GTRI_B-14

Equivalent Circuit

Electrode Properties

Electrolyte Bulk Properties

GTRI_B-15

Data Analysis

• Specific Energy

• E = (1/2)CV2

• Specific Energy = E/mass

• Specific Power

• P = I2Rs

• Specific Power = P/mass

GTRI_B-16

Ragone Plot

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 300000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Ragone Plot NYA1N

Series1

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er (

W/k

g)

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 300000

2

4

6

8

10

12

Ragone Plot NYA2N

Series1

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er (

W/k

g)

GTRI_B-17

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 600000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Ragone Plot NYC2N

Series1

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er (

W/k

g)

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Ragone Plot NYC1N

Series1

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er (

W/k

g)

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 350000

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Ragone Plot NYC3N

Series1

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er (

W/k

g)

GTRI_B-18

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 12000005

1015202530354045

Ragone Plot NYA1Y

Series1

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er (

W/k

g)

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 6000002468

1012141618

Ragone Plot NYA2Y

Series1

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)S

pec

ific

Po

wer

(W

/kg

)

GTRI_B-19

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Ragone Plot NYC1Y

Series1

Axis Title

Axis Title

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Ragone Plot NYC3Y

Series1

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er (

W/k

g)

0 200000 400000 600000 800000 10000000

20406080

100120140160180200

Ragone Plot NYC2Y

Ragone Plot

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er (

W/k

g)

GTRI_B-20

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 300000

50

100

150

200

250

300

Ragone No Aluminum

NY A 1 N

NY A 2 N

NY C 1 N

NY C 2 N

NY C 3 N

Battery

PC10

Specific Energy

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 300000

50

100

150

200

250

300

Ragone With Aluminum

NY A 1 Y

NY A 2 Y

NY C 1 Y

NY C 2 Y

NY C 3 Y

Battery

PC10

Specific Energy

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er

GTRI_B-21

100 1000 10000 1000001

10

100

1000

Ragone No Aluminum

NY A 1 N

NY A 2 N

NY C 1 N

NY C 2 N

NY C 3 N

Battery

PC10

Specific Energy

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er

100 1000 10000 1000001

10

100

1000

Ragone With Aluminum

NY A 1 Y

NY A 2 Y

NY C 1 Y

NY C 2 Y

NY C 3 Y

Battery

PC10

Specific Energy

Sp

ecif

ic P

ow

er

GTRI_B-22

RTIL Ragone Plot

GTRI_B-23

Possible Areas to research next semester

• Separator efficiency

• Other forms of fabrication