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Guglielmo Marconi

Born Guglielmo Giovanni MariaMarconi25 April 1874Palazzo Marescalchi, Bologna,Italy

Died 20 July 1937 (aged 63)Rome, Italy

Residence Italy

Nationality Italian

Alma mater University of Bologna

Academicadvisors

Augusto Righi

Known for Radio

Notable awards Matteucci Medal (1901)Nobel Prize for Physics (1909)Albert Medal (1914)Franklin Medal (1918)IEEE Medal of Honor (1920)John Fritz Medal (1923)

Signature

Guglielmo MarconiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Guglielmo Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi (Italian: [ɡuʎˈʎɛlmo marˈkoːni]; 25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937) was an Italianinventor and electrical engineer known for his pioneering workon longdistance radio transmission[1] and for his developmentof Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. He is oftencredited as the inventor of radio,[2] and he shared the 1909Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun "inrecognition of their contributions to the development of wirelesstelegraphy".[3][4][5]

Marconi was an entrepreneur, businessman, and founder of TheWireless Telegraph & Signal Company in the United Kingdomin 1897 (which became the Marconi Company). He succeeded inmaking a commercial success of radio by innovating andbuilding on the work of previous experimenters andphysicists.[6][7] In 1929, the King of Italy ennobled Marconi as aMarchese (marquis).

Contents

1 Biography1.1 Early years1.2 Radio work

1.2.1 Developing radio telegraphy1.2.2 Transmission breakthrough1.2.3 The British become interested1.2.4 Transatlantic transmissions1.2.5 Titanic1.2.6 Continuing work

1.3 Later years2 Personal life3 Legacy and honours

3.1 Honours and awards3.2 Tributes3.3 Places and organizations named after

Marconi3.3.1 Outer space3.3.2 Europe

3.3.2.1 Italy3.3.3 Oceania

3.3.3.1 Australia3.3.4 North America

3.3.4.1 Canada3.3.4.2 United States

3.3.4.2.1 California3.3.4.2.2 Massachusetts3.3.4.2.3 New Jersey

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3.3.4.2.3 New Jersey3.3.4.2.4 New York3.3.4.2.5 Pennsylvania

4 Patents4.1 British patents4.2 US patents4.3 Reissued (US)

5 See also6 References7 Cited sources8 Further reading9 External links

Biography

Early years

Marconi was born into the Italian nobility as Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi[8] in Bologna on 25 April 1874,the second son of Giuseppe Marconi (an Italian aristocratic landowner from Porretta Terme) and his Irish/Scotswife Annie Jameson (daughter of Andrew Jameson of Daphne Castle in County Wexford, Ireland andgranddaughter of John Jameson, founder of whiskey distillers Jameson & Sons[9]). Between the ages of two andsix, Marconi and his elder brother Alfonso were brought up by his mother in the English town of Bedford.[10][11]After returning to Italy, at age 18 University of Bologna physicist Augusto Righi, neighbour of Marconi who haddone research on Heinrich Hertz's work, permitted Marconi to attend lectures at the university and use the lab andlibrary as well.[12] Marconi received further education in Florence at the Istituto Cavallero and, later, inLivorno.[13] Marconi did not do well in school, according to Robert McHenry,[14] though historian GiulianoCorradi characterizes him in his biography as a true genius.[15] He was baptized as a Catholic but had been broughtup as a member of the Anglican Church, being married into it (although this marriage was later annulled). Marconiwas confirmed in the Catholic faith and became a devout member of the Church before his marriage to MariaChristina in 1927.[16]

Radio work

During his early years, Marconi had an interest in science and electricity and in the early 1890s he began workingon the idea of "wireless telegraphy"—i.e., the transmission of telegraph messages without connecting wires as usedby the electric telegraph. This was not a new idea; numerous investigators and inventors had been exploringwireless telegraph technologies and even building systems using electric conduction, electromagnetic inductionand optical (light) signalling for over 50 years, but none had proven technically and commercially successful. Arelatively new development came from Heinrich Hertz, who demonstrated beginning in 1888 that one couldproduce and detect electromagnetic radiation—now generally known as radio waves, at the time more commonlycalled "Hertzian waves" or "aetheric waves".

There was a great deal of interest in radio waves in the physics community, but the interest was in radio as ascientific phenomenon, not in its potential as a communication method. Physicists generally looked on radio wavesas an invisible form of light, a short range phenomenon which could only travel along a line of sight path, and thusits range was limited to the visual horizon like existing forms of visual signaling, making it unsuitable for longdistance communication.[17] Hertz's death in 1894 brought published reviews of his earlier discoveries including ademonstration on the transmission and detection of radio waves by the British physicist Oliver Lodge and an

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Marconi's first transmitterincorporating a monopole antenna. Itconsisted of an elevated copper sheet(top) connected to a Righi spark gap(left) powered by an induction coil(center) with a telegraph key (right)to switch it on and off to spell outtext messages in Morse code.

article about Hertz's work by Marconi's teacher, Augusto Righi. Righi's article renewed Marconi's interest indeveloping a wireless telegraphy system based on radio waves,[18] a line of inquiry that he noted other inventorsdid not seem to be pursuing.[6]

Developing radio telegraphy

Marconi, just twenty years old, began to conduct experiments, buildingmuch of his own equipment in the attic of his home at the Villa Griffone inPontecchio, Italy with the help of his butler Mignani. In the summer of1894, he built a storm alarm made up of a battery, a coherer (an earlydetector that changed resistance when exposed to radio waves), and anelectric bell, which went off if there was lightning. Soon after he was ableto make a bell ring on the other side of the room by pushing a telegraphicbutton on a bench.[19]

One night in December 1894, Guglielmo woke his mother and invited herinto his secret workshop and showed her the experiment that he hadcreated. The next day, he also showed his work to his father, who gave hisson all of the money he had in his wallet when he was certain that therewere no wires, so that Guglielmo could buy more materials.

Marconi read through the literature and picked up on the ideas of physicistswho were experimenting with radio waves, but did a great deal to developdevices, such as portable transmitters and receiver systems, that could workover long distances,[6] turning what was essentially a laboratory experimentinto a useful communication system.[20] Marconi came up with a functionalsystem with many components:[21]

A relatively simple oscillator or sparkproducing radio transmitter;A wire or metal sheet capacity area suspended at a height above theground;A coherer receiver, which was a modification of Edouard Branly'soriginal device with refinements to increase sensitivity andreliability;A telegraph key to operate the transmitter to send short and long pulses, corresponding to the dotsanddashes of Morse code; andA telegraph register activated by the coherer which recorded the received Morse code dots and dashes onto aroll of paper tape.

In the summer of 1895, Marconi moved his experimentation outdoors and continued to experiment on his father'sestate in Bologna. He tried different arrangements and shapes of antenna but even with improvements he was onlyable to transmit signals up to onehalf mile, a distance Oliver Lodge had predicted in 1894 as the maximumtransmission distance for radio waves.

Transmission breakthrough

A breakthrough came that summer when Marconi found that much greater range could be achieved after he raisedthe height of his antenna and, borrowing from a technique used in wired telegraphy, grounding his transmitter andreceiver. With these improvements the system was capable of transmitting signals up to 2 miles (3.2 km) and overhills.[22][23] The monopole antenna reduced the frequency of the waves compared to the dipole antennas used by

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British Post Office engineers inspect Marconi'sradio equipment during demonstration on FlatHolm Island, 13 May 1897. The transmitter is atcenter, the coherer receiver below it, the polesupporting the wire antenna is visible at top.

Hertz, and radiated vertically polarized radio waves which could travel longer distances. By this point, heconcluded that a device could become capable of spanning greater distances, with additional funding and research,and would prove valuable both commercially and militarily. Marconi's experimental apparatus proved to be thefirst engineeringcomplete, commercially successful radio transmission system.[24][25][26]

Marconi wrote to the Ministry of Post and Telegraphs, then under the direction of the honorable Pietro Lacava,explaining his wireless telegraph machine and asking for funding. He never received a response to his letter whichwas eventually dismissed by the Minister who wrote "to the Longara" on the document, referring to the insaneasylum on Via della Lungara in Rome.[27]

In 1896, Marconi spoke with his family friend Carlo Gardini, Honorary Consul at the United States Consulate inBologna, about leaving Italy to go to England. Gardini wrote a letter of introduction to the Ambassador of Italy inLondon, Annibale Ferrero, explaining who Marconi was and about these extraordinary discoveries. In hisresponse, Ambassador Ferrero advised them not to reveal the results until after they had obtained the copyrights.He also encouraged him to come to England where he believed it would be easier to find the necessary funds toconvert the findings from Marconi's experiment into a practical use. Finding little interest or appreciation for hiswork in Italy, Marconi travelled to London in early 1896 at the age of 21, accompanied by his mother, to seeksupport for his work. (He spoke fluent English in addition to Italian.) Marconi arrived at Dover and the Customsofficer opened his case to find various contraptions and apparatus. The customs officer immediately contacted theAdmiralty in London. While there, Marconi gained the interest and support of William Preece, the Chief ElectricalEngineer of the British Post Office.

The British become interested

Marconi made his first demonstration of his system for theBritish government in July 1896.[28] A further series ofdemonstrations for the British followed—by March 1897,Marconi had transmitted Morse code signals over a distance ofabout 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) across Salisbury Plain. On 13 May1897, Marconi sent the world's first ever wirelesscommunication over open sea. The experiment, based in Wales,witnessed a message transversed over the Bristol Channel fromFlat Holm Island to Lavernock Point in Penarth, a distance of 6kilometres (3.7 mi). The message read "Are you ready".[29] Thetransmitting equipment was almost immediately relocated toBrean Down Fort on the Somerset coast, stretching the range to16 kilometres (9.9 mi).

Impressed by these and other demonstrations, Preece introducedMarconi's ongoing work to the general public at two importantLondon lectures: "Telegraphy without Wires", at the ToynbeeHall on 11 December 1896; and "Signaling through Spacewithout Wires", given to the Royal Institution on 4 June 1897.

Numerous additional demonstrations followed, and Marconi began to receive international attention. In July 1897,he carried out a series of tests at La Spezia, in his home country, for the Italian government. A test for Lloydsbetween Ballycastle and Rathlin Island, Ireland, was conducted on 6 July 1898. The English channel was crossedon 27 March 1899, from Wimereux, France to South Foreland Lighthouse, England, and in the autumn of 1899,the first demonstrations in the United States took place, with the reporting of the America's Cup international yachtraces at New York.

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Plaque on the outside of BTCentre commemoratesMarconi's first publictransmission of wirelesssignals.

Marconi watching associates raising the kite (a "Levitor" by B.F.S. BadenPowell[31])used to lift the antenna at St. John's, Newfoundland, December 1901

“ See if you can hearanything, Mr.Kemp![32] ”

Marconi sailed to the United States at the invitation of the New York Heraldnewspaper to cover the America's Cup races off Sandy Hook, NJ. Thetransmission was done aboard the SS Ponce, a passenger ship of the Porto RicoLine.[30] Marconi left for England on 8 November 1899 on the American Line'sSS Saint Paul, and he and his assistants installed wireless equipment aboardduring the voyage. On 15 November Saint Paul became the first ocean liner toreport her imminent return to Great Britain by wireless when Marconi's RoyalNeedles Hotel radio station contacted her sixtysix nautical miles off the Englishcoast.

Transatlantic transmissions

At the turn of the 20th century, Marconi began investigating the means to signalcompletely across the Atlantic in order to compete with the transatlantic telegraphcables. Marconi established a wireless transmitting station at Marconi House,Rosslare Strand, Co. Wexford in 1901 to act as a link between Poldhu inCornwall, England and Clifden in Co. Galway, Ireland. He soon made theannouncement that the message was received at Signal Hill in St John's,Newfoundland (now part of Canada) on 12 December 1901, using a 500foot

(150 m) kitesupportedantenna for reception—signals transmitted by thecompany's new highpowerstation at Poldhu, Cornwall.The distance between thetwo points was about 2,200miles (3,500 km). It washeralded as a great scientificadvance, yet there also was—and continues to be—considerable skepticismabout this claim. The exactwavelength used is notknown, but it is fairlyreliably determined to havebeen in the neighborhood of350 meters (frequency≈850 kHz). The tests took place at a time of day during which the entiretransatlantic path was in daylight. We now know (although Marconi didnot know then) that this was the worst possible choice. At this mediumwavelength, long distance transmission in the daytime is not possiblebecause of heavy absorption of the skywave in the ionosphere. It was nota blind test; Marconi knew in advance to listen for a repetitive signal of three clicks, signifying the Morse codeletter S. The clicks were reported to have been heard faintly and sporadically. There was no independentconfirmation of the reported reception, and the transmissions were difficult to distinguish from atmospheric noise.(A detailed technical review of Marconi's early transatlantic work appears in John S. Belrose's work of 1995.) ThePoldhu transmitter was a twostage circuit.[33][34]

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Magnetic detector by Marconi usedduring the experimental campaignaboard a ship in summer 1902,exhibited at the Museo nazionaledella scienza e della tecnologiaLeonardo da Vinci of Milan.

Marconi demonstrating apparatus heused in his first long distance radiotransmissions in the 1890s. Thetransmitter is at right, the receiverwith paper tape recorder at left.

Marconi caricatured by Spy forVanity Fair, 1905

Feeling challenged by skeptics,Marconi prepared a better organizedand documented test. In February1902, the SS Philadelphia sailedwest from Great Britain withMarconi aboard, carefully recordingsignals sent daily from the Poldhustation. The test results producedcoherertape reception up to 1,550miles (2,490 km), and audioreception up to 2,100 miles(3,400 km). The maximumdistances were achieved at night,and these tests were the first toshow that radio signals for mediumwave and longwave transmissions

travel much farther at night than in the day. During the daytime, signals hadonly been received up to about 700 miles (1,100 km), less than half of thedistance claimed earlier at Newfoundland, where the transmissions had alsotaken place during the day. Because of this, Marconi had not fullyconfirmed the Newfoundland claims, although he did prove that radiosignals could be sent for hundreds of kilometres, despite some scientists'belief that they were essentially limited to lineofsight distances.

On 17 December 1902, a transmission from the Marconi station in GlaceBay, Nova Scotia, Canada became the world's first radio message to crossthe Atlantic from North America. In 1901, Marconi built a station nearSouth Wellfleet, Massachusetts that sent a message of greetings on 18January 1903 from United States President Theodore Roosevelt to KingEdward VII of the United Kingdom. However, consistent transatlanticsignalling was difficult to establish.

Marconi began to build highpowered stations on both sides of the Atlanticto communicate with ships at sea, in competition with other inventors. In1904, a commercial service was established to transmit nightly newssummaries to subscribing ships, which could incorporate them into theironboard newspapers. A regular transatlantic radiotelegraph service wasfinally begun on 17 October 1907[35][36] between Clifden Ireland and Glace Bay, but even after this the companystruggled for many years to provide reliable communication to others.

Titanic

The role played by Marconi Co. wireless in maritime rescues raised public awareness of the value of radio andbrought fame to Marconi, particularly the sinkings of the RMS Titanic on 15 April 1912 and the RMS Lusitania on7 May 1915.

RMS Titanic radio operators Jack Phillips and Harold Bride were not employed by the White Star Line but by theMarconi International Marine Communication Company. After the sinking of the ocean liner on 15 April 1912,survivors were rescued by the RMS Carpathia of the Cunard Line.[37] Also employed by the Marconi Companywas David Sarnoff, who later headed RCA. Wireless communications were reportedly maintained for 72 hours

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“ Have I done theworld good, or haveI added amenace?[42] ”

Marconi with his wife c. 1910

between Carpathia and Sarnoff,[38] but Sarnoff's involvement has been questioned by some modern historians.When Carpathia docked in New York, Marconi went aboard with a reporter from The New York Times to talk withBride, the surviving operator.[37]

On 18 June 1912, Marconi gave evidence to the Court of Inquiry into the loss of Titanic regarding the marinetelegraphy's functions and the procedures for emergencies at sea.[39] Britain's postmastergeneral summed up,referring to the Titanic disaster: "Those who have been saved, have been saved through one man, Mr.Marconi...and his marvelous invention."[40] Marconi was offered free passage on Titanic before she sank, but hadtaken Lusitania three days earlier. As his daughter Degna later explained, he had paperwork to do and preferred thepublic stenographer aboard that vessel.[41]

Continuing work

Over the years, the Marconi companies gained a reputation for beingtechnically conservative, in particular by continuing to use inefficientsparktransmitter technology which could only be used forradiotelegraph operations, long after it was apparent that the future ofradio communication lay with continuouswave transmissions whichwere more efficient and could be used for audio transmissions.Somewhat belatedly, the company did begin significant work with

continuouswave equipment beginning in 1915, after the introduction of the oscillating vacuum tube (valve). TheNew Street Works factory in Chelmsford was the location for the first entertainment radio broadcasts in the UnitedKingdom in 1920, employing a vacuum tube transmitter and featuring Dame Nellie Melba. In 1922, regularentertainment broadcasts commenced from the Marconi Research Centre at Great Baddow, forming the prelude tothe BBC, and he spoke of the close association of aviation and wireless telephony in that same year at a privategathering with Florence Tyzack Parbury, and even spoke of interplanetary wireless communication.

Later years

In 1914, Marconi was made a Senator in the Italian Senate and appointedHonorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in the UK.During World War I, Italy joined the Allied side of the conflict, andMarconi was placed in charge of the Italian military's radio service. Heattained the rank of lieutenant in the Italian Army and of commander in theItalian Navy. In 1929, he was made a marquess by King Victor EmmanuelIII.

Marconi joined the Italian Fascist party in 1923. In 1930, Italian dictatorBenito Mussolini appointed him President of the Royal Academy of Italy,which made Marconi a member of the Fascist Grand Council.

Marconi died in Rome on 20 July 1937 at age 63, following a series ofheart attacks, and Italy held a state funeral for him. As a tribute, shops onthe street where he lived were "Closed for national mourning".[43] Inaddition, at 6 pm the next day, the time designated for the funeral, all BBCtransmitters and wireless Post Office transmitters in the British Islesobserved two minutes of silence in his honor. The British Post Office also

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American electrical engineer AlfredNorton Goldsmith and Marconi on 26June 1922.

sent a message requesting that all broadcasting ships honor Marconi with two minutes of broadcasting silence aswell.[43] His remains are housed in the Villa Griffone at Sasso Marconi, EmiliaRomagna, which assumed thatname in his honour in 1938.[44][45]

In 1943, the Supreme Court of the United States handed down a decision on Marconi's radio patents restoringsome of the prior patents of Oliver Lodge, John Stone Stone, and Nikola Tesla.[46][47] The decision was not aboutMarconi's original radio patents[48] and the court declared that their decision had no bearing on Marconi's claim asthe first to achieve radio transmission, just that since Marconi's claim to certain patents were questionable, hecould not claim infringement on those same patents.[49] (There are claims the high court was trying to nullify aWorld War I claim against the United States government by the Marconi Company via simply restoring the nonMarconi prior patent.)[46]

Personal life

Marconi had a brother, Alfonso, and a stepbrother, Luigi.

On 16 March 1905, Marconi married the Hon. Beatrice O'Brien (1882–1976), a daughter of Edward O'Brien, 14th Baron Inchiquin, having met herin Poole in 1904.[50] They had three daughters, Degna (1908–1998), Gioia(1916–1996), and Lucia (born and died 1906), and a son, Giulio, 2ndMarchese Marconi (1910–1971).

In 1913, the Marconis returned to Italy and became part of Rome society.Beatrice served as a ladyinwaiting to Queen Elena. The Marconisdivorced in 1924, and, at Marconi's request, the marriage was annulled on27 April 1927, so he could remarry.[51] Beatrice Marconi married hersecond husband, Liborio Marignoli, Marchese di Montecorona, on 3 March1924 and had a daughter, Flaminia.[52]

On 12 June 1927 (religious 15 June), Marconi married Maria Cristina BezziScali (1900–1994), only daughter ofFrancesco, Count BezziScali. They had one daughter, Maria Elettra Elena Anna (born 1930), who married PrinceCarlo Giovannelli (born 1942) in 1966; they later divorced. For unexplained reasons, Marconi left his entirefortune to his second wife and their only child, and nothing to the children of his first marriage.[53]

Later in life, Marconi was an active Italian Fascist[54] and an apologist for their ideology and actions such as theattack by Italian forces in Ethiopia.

Marconi wanted to personally introduce in 1931 the first radio broadcast of a Pope, Pius XI, and did announce atthe microphone: "With the help of God, who places so many mysterious forces of nature at man's disposal, I havebeen able to prepare this instrument which will give to the faithful of the entire world the joy of listening to thevoice of the Holy Father".[55]

Legacy and honours

Honours and awards

In 1909, Marconi shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Braun for his contributions to radiocommunications.[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alfred_Norton_Goldsmith_%26_Guglielmo_Marconi_1922.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Norton_Goldsmithhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasso_Marconihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilia-Romagnahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Lodgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stone_Stonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Teslahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_Marconihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_O%27Brien,_14th_Baron_Inchiquinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_of_Montenegrohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_fascismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apologisthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism_and_ideologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_Warhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Braun



Guglielmo Marconi Memorial inWashington, D.C.

In 1918, he was awarded the Franklin Institute's Franklin Medal.In 1929, he was made a marquess by King Victor Emmanuel III, thus becoming Marchese Marconi.In 1931, he was awarded with John Scott Medal by wireless telegraphyIn 1934, he was awarded the Wilhelm Exner Medal.In 1977, Marconi was inducted into the National Broadcasters Hall of Fame.[56]In 1988, the Radio Hall of Fame (Museum of Broadcast Communications, Chicago) inducted Marconi as aPioneer (soon after the inception of its awards).[57]In 1990, the Bank of Italy issued a 2000 lire banknote featuring his portrait on the front and on the back hisaccomplishments.[58]In 2001, Great Britain released a commemorative British two pound coin celebrating the 100th anniversaryof Marconi's first wireless communication.Marconi's early experiments in wireless telegraphy were the subject of two IEEE Milestones; one inSwitzerland in 2003[59] and most recently in Italy in 2011.[60]In 2009, Italy issued a commemorative silver €5 coin honouring the centennial of Marconi's Nobel Prize.In 2009, he was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.[61]The Dutch radio academy bestows the Marconi Awards annually for outstanding radio programmes,presenters and stations.The National Association of Broadcasters (US) bestows the annual NAB Marconi Radio Awards also foroutstanding radio programs and stations.

Tributes

A funerary monument to the effigy of Marconi can be seen in theBasilica of Santa Croce, Florence but his remains are in near theMausoleum of Guglielmo Marconi in Pontecchio Marconi, nearBologna. His former villa, adjacent to the mausoleum is the MarconiMuseum (Italy) with much of his equipment.A statue of Guglielmo Marconi stands in Church Square Park inHoboken, NJ.A Guglielmo Marconi sculpture by Attilio Piccirilli stands inWashington, D.C.A large collection of Marconi artifacts was held by The GeneralElectric Company, p.l.c. (GEC) of the United Kingdom which laterrenamed Marconi plc and Marconi Corporation plc. In December2004 the extensive Marconi Collection, held at the former MarconiResearch Centre at Great Baddow, Chelmsford, Essex UK wasdonated to the nation by the Company via the University ofOxford.[62] This consisted of the BAFTA awardwinning MarconiCalling website, some 250+ physicalartifacts and the massive ephemera collection of papers, books, patents and many other items. The artifactsare now held by The Museum of the History of Science and the ephemera Archives by the nearby BodleianLibrary.[63] Following three years work at the Bodleian, an Online Catalogue to the Marconi Archives wasreleased in November 2008.A granite obelisk stands on the clifftop near the site of Marconi's Marconi's Poldhu Wireless Station inCornwall, commemorating the first transatlantic transmission.

Places and organizations named after Marconi

Outer space

The asteroid 1332 Marconia is named in his honor.

Europe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guglielmo_Marconi_Memorial.JPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_(Piccirilli)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Medalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_IIIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scott_Medalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Exner_Medalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Broadcast_Communicationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_d%27Italiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_lirahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_two_pound_coin#Special_issueshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IEEE_milestoneshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Hall_of_Famehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marconi_Awards&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAB_Marconi_Radio_Awardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_Santa_Croce,_Florencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Guglielmo_Marconihttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontecchio_Marconi&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Museum_(Italy)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landmarks_of_Hoboken,_New_Jersey#Church_Square_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_(Piccirilli)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Baddowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelmsfordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_the_History_of_Science,_Oxfordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodleian_Libraryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poldhu#Marconi.27s_Poldhu_Wireless_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1332_Marconia



Italy

Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport (IATA: BLQ – ICAO: LIPE), of Bologna, is named after Marconi, itsnative son.Open University Guglielmo Marconi in Rome, Italy (Università Telematica "Guglielmo Marconi")Ponte Guglielmo Marconi, bridge that connects Piazza Augusto Righi with Piazza Tommaso Edison, inRomeDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), Università diBologna

Oceania

Australia

Australian football (soccer) and social club Marconi Stallions

North America

Canada

The 'Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company of Canada' (now CMC Electronics, of Montreal, Canada, wascreated in 1903 by Guglielmo Marconi.[64] In 1925 the company was renamed to the 'Canadian MarconiCompany', which was acquired by English Electric in 1953.[64] The company name changed again to CMCElectronics Inc. (French: CMC Électronique) in 2001.The Marconi National Historic Sites of Canada was created by Parks Canada as a tribute to Marconi's visionin the development of radio telecommunications. The first official wireless message was sent from thislocation by the Atlantic Ocean to England in 1902. The museum site is located in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, atTable Head on Timmerman Street.

As of 2016 the Canadian Marconi Company and CMC Electronics no longer exist. Most bought up by Esterline inOttawa. The Marine Service Group was acquired by MacKay Marine but many of the employees left the group attransition.

United States

California

Marconi Conference Center and State Historic Park, site of the transoceanic Marshall Receiving Station,Marshall

Massachusetts

Marconi Beach in Wellfleet, Massachusetts, part of the Cape Cod National Seashore, located near the site ofhis first transatlantic wireless signal from the United States to England. There are still remnants of thewireless tower at this beach and at Forest Road Beach in Chatham, Massachusetts.[65]

New Jersey

New Brunswick Marconi Station, now the Guglielmo Marconi Memorial Plaza in Somerset, NJ. PresidentWoodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points speech was transmitted from the site in 1918.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_Guglielmo_Marconi_Airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome,_Italyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_Guglielmo_Marconihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Bolognahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Stallionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMC_Electronicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal,_Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Electrichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMC_Electronicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parks_Canadahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glace_Bay,_Nova_Scotiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Conference_Center_State_Historic_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Beachhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellfleet,_Massachusettshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Cod_National_Seashorehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham,_Massachusettshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick_Marconi_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset,_NJ



New York

La Scuola d'Italia Guglielmo Marconi on New York City's Upper East Side

Pennsylvania

Marconi Plaza, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Roman terracestyled plaza originally designed by the architectsOlmsted Brothers in 1914–1916, built as the grand entrance for the 1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition andrenamed to honor Marconi.

Patents

British patents

British patent No. 12,039 (1897) (http://www.earlyradiohistory.us/1901fae.htm) "Improvements in Transmitting Electricalimpulses and Signals, and in Apparatus therefor". Date of Application 2 June 1896; Complete Specification Left, 2March 1897; Accepted, 2 July 1897 (later claimed by Oliver Lodge to contain his own ideas which he failed to patent).British patent No. 7,777 (1900) (http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/marconi/exhibition/7777.htm) "Improvements in Apparatus forWireless Telegraphy". Date of Application 26 April 1900; Complete Specification Left, 25 February 1901; Accepted, 13April 1901.British patent No. 10245 (1902) (http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/marconi/marconi.html#marconi.B.2.1.a)British patent No. 5113 (1904) "Improvements in Transmitters suitable for Wireless Telegraphy". Date of Application 1March 1904; Complete Specification Left, 30 November 1904; Accepted, 19 January August 1905.British patent No. 21640 (1904) "Improvements in Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy". Date of Application 8 October1904; Complete Specification Left, 6 July 1905; Accepted, 10 August 1905.British patent No. 14788 (1904) "Improvements in or relating to Wireless Telegraphy". Date of Application 18 July 1905;Complete Specification Left, 23 January 1906; Accepted, 10 May 1906.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Scuola_d%27Italia_Guglielmo_Marconihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_East_Sidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Plaza,_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvaniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmsted_Brothershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Expositionhttp://www.earlyradiohistory.us/1901fae.htmhttp://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/marconi/exhibition/7777.htmhttp://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/marconi/marconi.html#marconi.B.2.1.a



US patents

U.S. Patent 586,193 (https://www.google.com/patents/US586193) "Transmitting electrical signals", (using Ruhmkorffcoil and Morse code key) filed December 1896, patented July 1897U.S. Patent 624,516 (https://www.google.com/patents/US624516) "Apparatus employed in wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 627,650 (https://www.google.com/patents/US627650) "Apparatus employed in wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 647,007 (https://www.google.com/patents/US647007) "Apparatus employed in wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 647,008 (https://www.google.com/patents/US647008) "Apparatus employed in wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 647,009 (https://www.google.com/patents/US647009) "Apparatus employed in wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 650,109 (https://www.google.com/patents/US650109) "Apparatus employed in wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 650,110 (https://www.google.com/patents/US650110) "Apparatus employed in wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 668,315 (https://www.google.com/patents/US668315) "Receiver for electrical oscillations".U.S. Patent 760,463 (https://www.google.com/patents/US760463) "Wireless signaling system".U.S. Patent 792,528 (https://www.google.com/patents/US792528) "Wireless telegraphy". Filed 13 October 1903; Issued13, 1905.U.S. Patent 676,332 (https://www.google.com/patents/US676332) "Apparatus for wireless telegraphy" (later practicalversion of system)U.S. Patent 757,559 (https://www.google.com/patents/US757559) "Wireless telegraphy system". Filed 19 November1901; Issued 19 April 1904.U.S. Patent 760,463 (https://www.google.com/patents/US760463) "Wireless signaling system". Filed 10 September 1903;Issued 24 May 1904.U.S. Patent 763,772 (https://www.google.com/patents/US763772) "Apparatus for wireless telegraphy" (Four tunedsystem; this innovation was predated by N. Tesla, O. Lodge, and J. S. Stone)U.S. Patent 786,132 (https://www.google.com/patents/US786132) "Wireless telegraphy". Filed 13 October 1903U.S. Patent 792,528 (https://www.google.com/patents/US792528) "Wireless telegraphy". Filed 13 October 1903; Issued13 June 1905.U.S. Patent 884,986 (https://www.google.com/patents/US884986) "Wireless telegraphy". Filed 28 November 1902;Issued 14 April 1908.U.S. Patent 884,987 (https://www.google.com/patents/US884987) "Wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 884,988 (https://www.google.com/patents/US884988) "Detecting electrical oscillations". Filed 2 February1903; Issued 14 April 1908.U.S. Patent 884,989 (https://www.google.com/patents/US884989) "Wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 935,381 (https://www.google.com/patents/US935381) "Transmitting apparatus for wireless telegraphy".Filed 10 April 1908; Issued 28 September 1909.U.S. Patent 935,382 (https://www.google.com/patents/US935382) "Apparatus for wireless telegraphy".U.S. Patent 935,383 (https://www.google.com/patents/US935383) "Apparatus for wireless telegraphy". Filed 10 April1908; Issued 28 September 1909.U.S. Patent 954,640 (https://www.google.com/patents/US954640) "Apparatus for wireless telegraphy". Filed 31 March1909; Issued 12 April 1910.U.S. Patent 997,308 (https://www.google.com/patents/US997308) "Transmitting apparatus for wireless telegraphy".Filed 15 July 1910; Issued 11 July 1911.U.S. Patent 1,102,990 (https://www.google.com/patents/US1102990) "Means for generating alternating electriccurrents". Filed 27 January 1914; Issued 7 July 1914.U.S. Patent 1,148,521 (https://www.google.com/patents/US1148521) "Transmitter for wireless telegraphy". Filed 20 July1908.U.S. Patent 1,226,099 (https://www.google.com/patents/US1226099) "Transmitting apparatus for use in wirelesstelegraphy and telephony". Filed 31 December 1913; Issued 15 May 1917.U.S. Patent 1,271,190 (https://www.google.com/patents/US1271190) "Wireless telegraph transmitter".U.S. Patent 1,377,722 (https://www.google.com/patents/US1377722) "Electric accumulator". Filed 9 March 1918U.S. Patent 1,148,521 (https://www.google.com/patents/US1148521) "Transmitter for wireless telegraphy". Filed 20 July1908; Issued 3 August 1915.U.S. Patent 1,981,058 (https://www.google.com/patents/US1981058) "Thermionic valve". Filed 14 October 1926; Issued20 November 1934.

https://www.google.com/patents/US586193https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Ruhmkorffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_codehttps://www.google.com/patents/US624516https://www.google.com/patents/US627650https://www.google.com/patents/US647007https://www.google.com/patents/US647008https://www.google.com/patents/US647009https://www.google.com/patents/US650109https://www.google.com/patents/US650110https://www.google.com/patents/US668315https://www.google.com/patents/US760463https://www.google.com/patents/US792528https://www.google.com/patents/US676332https://www.google.com/patents/US757559https://www.google.com/patents/US760463https://www.google.com/patents/US763772https://www.google.com/patents/US786132https://www.google.com/patents/US792528https://www.google.com/patents/US884986https://www.google.com/patents/US884987https://www.google.com/patents/US884988https://www.google.com/patents/US884989https://www.google.com/patents/US935381https://www.google.com/patents/US935382https://www.google.com/patents/US935383https://www.google.com/patents/US954640https://www.google.com/patents/US997308https://www.google.com/patents/US1102990https://www.google.com/patents/US1148521https://www.google.com/patents/US1226099https://www.google.com/patents/US1271190https://www.google.com/patents/US1377722https://www.google.com/patents/US1148521https://www.google.com/patents/US1981058



Reissued (US)

U.S. Patent RE11,913 (https://www.google.com/patents/USRE11913) "Transmitting electrical impulses and signals andin apparatus, therefor". Filed 1 April 1901; Issued 4 June 1901.

See also

History of radioJagadish Chandra BoseList of people on stamps of IrelandList of covers of Time magazine during the 1920s – 6 December 1926

References1. Bondyopadhyay, Prebir K. (1995). "Guglielmo Marconi – The father of long distance radio communication – Anengineer's tribute". 25th European Microwave Conference, 1995. p. 879. doi:10.1109/EUMA.1995.337090.

2. Hong, p. 13. "Guglielmo Marconi: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconibio.html)". nobelprize.org

4. Bondyopadhyay, P.K. (1998). "Sir J.C. Bose diode detector received Marconi's first transatlantic wireless signal ofDecember 1901 (the 'Italian Navy Coherer' Scandal Revisited)". Proceedings of the IEEE. 86: 259.doi:10.1109/5.658778.

5. Roy, Amit (8 December 2008). "Cambridge 'pioneer' honour for Bose". The Telegraph. Kolkota. Retrieved 10 June 2010.6. Icons of Invention: The Makers of the Modern World from Gutenberg to Gates. ABCCLIO. 2009. p. 162. ISBN 9780313347436.

7. Mulvihill, Mary (2003). Ingenious Ireland: A CountybyCounty Exploration of the Mysteries and Marvels of theIngenious Irish. Simon and Schuster. p. 313. ISBN 9780684020945.

8. Atti della Accademia di scienze, lettere e arti di Palermo: Scienze (https://books.google.com/books?id=QA0oAQAAIAAJ&q=), Presso l'accademia, 1974, p. 11.

9. Sexton, Michael (2005) Marconi: the Irish connection Four Courts Press.10. Alfonso, not Guglielmo, was a pupil at Bedford School; 'It is not generally known that the Marconi family at one time

lived in Bedford, in the house on Bromham Road on the western corner of Ashburnham Road, and that the elder brotherof the renowned Marchese Marconi attended this School for four years', The Ousel (June 1936), p. 78 (Alfonso'sobituary)

11. Bedfordshire Times. 23 July 1937, p. 9 (Marconi's obituary)12. Guglielmo Marconi (Fabrizio Bònoli, Giorgio Dragoni) (http://www.scienzagiovane.unibo.it/English/scientists/marconi1.

html). Scienzagiovane.unibo.it. Retrieved on 10 June 2016.13. "Guglielmo Marconi and Early Systems of Wireless Communication" (PDF). Retrieved 15 February 2014.14. McHenry, Robert, ed. (1993). "Guglielmo Marconi". Encyclopædia Britannica.15. Corradi, Giuliano, "Guglielmo Marconi," Guglielmo Marconi. Tracce di un genio nel Tigullio, 2009.16. Marconi, Maria Christina (2001) Marconi My Beloved (https://books.google.com/books?id=wfSABTyeiV4C&pg=PA19&

dq=marconi+catholic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=StMVVfzhMYOXNp_agPgI&ved=0CDIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=marconi%20catholic&f=false). Branden Books. pp. 19–24. ISBN 9780937832394.

17. Regal, Brian (2005) Radio: The Life Story of a Technology. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 22. ISBN 031333167718. Hong, p. 1919. Guglielmo Marconi, padre della radio (http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/xmarconi.html). Radiomarconi.com.

Retrieved on 12 July 2012.20. Hong, p. 2221. Marconi delineated his 1895 apparatus in his Nobel Award speech. See: Marconi, "Wireless Telegraphic Communication:

Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1909. (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconilecture.html)"Nobel Lectures. Physics 1901–1921. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company, 1967: 196–222. p. 198.

22. Hong, pp. 20–22

https://www.google.com/patents/USRE11913https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_on_stamps_of_Irelandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_covers_of_Time_magazine_(1920s)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1109%2FEUMA.1995.337090http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconi-bio.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1109%2F5.658778http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081208/jsp/nation/story_10221833.jsphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkotahttp://books.google.com/books?id=WKuG-VIwID8C&pg=PA162https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34743-6http://books.google.com/books?id=exics12jmtwC&pg=PA313+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-02094-5https://books.google.com/books?id=QA0oAQAAIAAJ&q=http://www.scienzagiovane.unibo.it/English/scientists/marconi-1.htmlhttp://www.radarpages.co.uk/download/p37.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McHenryhttps://books.google.com/books?id=wfSABTyeiV4C&pg=PA19&dq=marconi+catholic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=StMVVfzhMYOXNp_agPgI&ved=0CDIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=marconi%20catholic&f=falsehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780937832394https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313331677http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/xmarconi.htmlhttp://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconi-lecture.html



23. Marconi, "Wireless Telegraphic Communication: Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1909. (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconilecture.html)" Nobel Lectures. Physics 1901–1921. Amsterdam: Elsevier PublishingCompany, 1967: 196–222. p. 206.

24. The Saturday review of politics, literature, science and art, Volume 93. "THE INVENTOR OF WIRELESSTELEGRAPHY: A REPLY. To the Editor of the Saturday Review (https://books.google.com/books?id=gHVHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA556)" Guglielmo Marconi and "WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY: A REJOINDER. To the Editor of the SaturdayReview (https://books.google.com/books?id=gHVHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA598)," Silvanus P. Thompson.

25. Gualandi, Lodovico (26 June 2000). "MARCONI E LO STRAVOLGIMENTO DELLA VERITÀ STORICA SULLASUA OPERA". radiomarconi.com.

26. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Volume 28 By Institution of Electrical Engineers. p. 294 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ZYZAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA294).

27. Solari, Luigi (February 1948) "Guglielmo Marconi e la Marina Militare Italiana", Rivista Marittima28. "Flickr Photo".29. BBC Wales, Marconi's Waves (https://web.archive.org/web/20070120163444/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/historyhunters/

locations/pages/3_1_flatholm.shtml) at the Wayback Machine (archived 20 January 2007)30. Helgesen, Henry N. "Wireless Goes to Sea: Marconi's Radio and SS Ponce". Sea History (Spring 2008): 122.31. First Atlantic Ocean crossing by a wireless signal (http://www.carnetdevol.org/Wireless/marconitransatlantique.html).

Carnetdevol.org. Retrieved on 12 July 2012.32. Page, Walter Hines and Page, Arthur Wilson (1908) The World's Work. Doubleday, Page & Company. p. 9625 (https://bo

oks.google.com/books?vid=0jwYWoqSQT_os3fWXLhKnc&id=hKPvxXgBN1oC&pg=PA9625&lpg=PA9625)33. "Marconi and the History of Radio". IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. 46 (2): 130. 2004.

doi:10.1109/MAP.2004.1305565.34. Belrose, John S. (5 September 1995) "Fessenden and Marconi: Their Differing Technologies and Transatlantic

Experiments During the First Decade of this Century (http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/radio/radio_differences.html)".International Conference on 100 Years of Radio.

35. "The Clifden Station of the Marconi Wireless Telegraph System". Scientific American. 23 November 1907.36. Second Test of the Marconi OverOcean Wireless System Proved Entirely Successful (http://marconi100.ca/clip/marconi

sydpost19071024.html). Sydney Daily Post. 24 October 1907.37. Eaton, John P. and Haas, Charles A. (1994) Titanic – Triumph and Tragedy, A Chronicle in Words and Pictures. ISBN

0857330241.38. Herron, Edward A. (1969). Miracle of the Air Waves: A History of Radio. Messner. ISBN 0671320793.39. Court of Inquiry Loss of the S.S. Titanic 191240. "Titanic's Wireless Connection". Wireless History Foundation. April 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2013.41. Daugherty, Greg (March 2012). "Seven Famous People Who Missed the Titanic". Smithsonian Magazine.42. William John (1972) History Of The Marconi Company 1874–1965. p. 29643. "Radio falls silent for death of Marconi" (http://www.theguardian.com/news/1937/jul/21/mainsection.fromthearchive).

Theguardian.com. Retrieved on 10 June 2016.44. VILLA GRIFFONE, NEAR BOLOGNA, ITALY (https://web.archive.org/web/20140906064514/http://markpadfield.co

m/marconicalling/museum/html/places/placesi=13.html). markpadfield.com45. Guglielmo Marconi (https://www.findagrave.com/cgibin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9982) at Find a Grave46. Redouté, JeanMichel and Steyaert, Michiel (2009). EMC of Analog Integrated Circuits. Springer Science & Business

Media. p. 3. ISBN 9789048132300.47. Meadow, Charles T. (2002). Making Connections: Communication through the Ages. Scarecrow Press. p. 193.

ISBN 9781461706915.48. White, Thomas H. (1 November 2012). "Nikola Tesla: The Guy Who DIDN'T "Invent Radio". Earlyradiohistory.us.49. Sobot, Robert (2012). Wireless Communication Electronics: Introduction to RF Circuits and Design Techniques.

Springer Science & Business Media. p. 4. ISBN 9781461411161.50. Padfield, Mark. "Beatrice O'Brien". Marconi Calling.51. Marconi, Degna (2001) My Father, Marconi. Guernica Editions. pp. 218–227 (https://books.google.com/books?id=NMm

StBPCncIC&pg=PA218). ISBN 1550711512.52. Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed, and Official Classes (Kelly's, 1969), p. 62353. Degna Marconi (2001), My Father, Marconi (Guernica Editions), p. 232 (https://books.google.com/books?id=NMmStBP

CncIC&pg=PA232). ISBN 1550711512.54. Physicsworld.com, "Guglielmo Marconi: radio star (http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/14/12/7)", 2001 Archived (http

s://web.archive.org/web/20070714032100/http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/14/12/7) 14 July 2007 at the WaybackMachine.

55. "80 Years of Vatican Radio, Pope Pius XI and Marconi. .. and Father Jozef Murgas?". Saint Benedict Center.

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconi-lecture.htmlhttps://books.google.com/books?id=gHVHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA556https://books.google.com/books?id=gHVHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA598https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvanus_P._Thompsonhttp://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/stravolgimento1.htmlhttps://books.google.com/books?id=-ZYZAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA294https://secure.flickr.com/photos/psd/164193649/https://web.archive.org/web/20070120163444/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/historyhunters/locations/pages/3_1_flatholm.shtmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machinehttp://www.carnetdevol.org/Wireless/marconi-transatlantique.htmlhttps://books.google.com/books?vid=0jwYWoq-SQT_os3fWXLhKnc&id=hKPvxXgBN1oC&pg=PA9625&lpg=PA9625https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1109%2FMAP.2004.1305565http://www.ieee.ca/millennium/radio/radio_differences.htmlhttp://marconi100.ca/clip/marconi-sydpost19071024.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0857330241https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-32079-3http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/blog/titanics-wireless-connectionhttp://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Seven-Famous-People-Who-Missed-the-Titanic.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/news/1937/jul/21/mainsection.fromthearchivehttps://web.archive.org/web/20140906064514/http://markpadfield.com/marconicalling/museum/html/places/places-i=13.htmlhttps://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=9982https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find_a_Gravehttp://books.google.com/books?id=c92LQsxMxEUC&pg=PA3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-3230-0http://books.google.com/books?id=iDEuQ_l__i0C&pg=PA193https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4617-0691-5http://earlyradiohistory.us/tesla.htmhttp://books.google.com/books?id=SdGaiV6iup0C&pg=PA4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-1116-1http://markpadfield.com/marconicalling/museum/html/people/people-i=6.htmlhttps://books.google.com/books?id=NMmStBPCncIC&pg=PA218https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1550711512https://books.google.com/books?id=NMmStBPCncIC&pg=PA232https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1550711512http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/14/12/7https://web.archive.org/web/20070714032100/http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/14/12/7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machinehttp://catholicism.org/80-years-of-vatican-radio-pope-pius-xi-and-marconi-and-father-jozef-murgas.html



Cited sources

Hong, Sungook (2001). Wireless: From Marconi’s BlackBox to the Audio (PDF). Cambridge, Mass.: MITPress. ISBN 0262082985.

Further reading

Relatives and company publications

Bussey, Gordon, Marconi's Atlantic Leap (http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0953896706), MarconiCommunications, 2000. ISBN 0953896706Isted, G.A., Guglielmo Marconi and the History of Radio – Part I (https://googledrive.com/host/0BUggpdTDpJEWnpUdGc5Tkw2aU0/p45.pdf), General Electric Company, p.l.c., GEC Review, Volume 7, No. 1, p45,1991, ISSN 02679337 (https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:02679337)Isted, G.A., Guglielmo Marconi and the History of Radio – Part II (https://googledrive.com/host/0BUggpdTDpJEM3o0UnBqUlpIN1E/p110.pdf), General Electric Company, p.l.c., GEC Review, Volume 7, No. 2,p110, 1991, ISSN 02679337 (https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:02679337)Marconi, Degna, My Father, Marconi, James Lorimer & Co, 1982. ISBN 0919511147 (Italian version):Marconi, mio padre, Di Renzo Editore, 2008, ISBN 8883232062Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company, Year book of wireless telegraphy and telephony, London: Publishedfor the Marconi Press Agency Ltd., by the St. Catherine Press / Wireless Press. LCCN 14017875 sn86035439Simons, R.W., Guglielmo Marconi and Early Systems of Wireless Communication (https://googledrive.com/host/0BUggpdTDpJEQTYwV0s4VHgwLW8/p37.htm), General Electric Company, p.l.c., GEC Review,Volume 11, No. 1, p37, 1996, ISSN 02679337 (https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:02679337)

Other

Ahern, Steve (ed), Making Radio (2nd Edition) Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2006 ISBN 9781741149128.Aitken, Hugh G. J., Syntony and Spark: The Origins of Radio, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1976. ISBN0471018163Aitken, Hugh G. J., The Continuous Wave: Technology and American Radio, 1900–1932, Princeton, NewJersey: Princeton University Press, 1985. ISBN 0691083762.Anderson, Leland I., Priority in the Invention of Radio – Tesla vs. Marconi (http://www.tfcbooks.com/mall/more/431pir.htm)Baker, W. J., A History of the Marconi Company, 1970.

56. National Broadcasters Hall of Fame. (http://www.infoage.org/exhibits/nationalbroadcastershalloffame/halloffamearticles/269guglielmomarconi1977) Accessed 10 February 2009

57. "Pioneer: Guglielmo Marconi". radiohof.org. Retrieved 30 May 2012.58. Italy 2000 lira banknote (1990) (http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/EUR/ITA/ITA0115.htm) Banknote

Museum (banknote.ws). Retrieved on 17 March 2013.59. "Milestones:Marconi's Early Wireless Experiments, 1895". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. Retrieved 29 July

2011.60. "List of IEEE Milestones". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. Retrieved 29 July 2011.61. New Jersey to Bon Jovi: You Give Us a Good Name (http://www.accesshollywood.com/newjerseytojonbonjoviyoug

iveusagoodname_article_13374). accesshollywood.com (2 February 2009).62. UK | England | Berkshire | Marconi archives move to Oxford (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/berkshire/4072929.stm).

BBC News (6 December 2004). Retrieved on 20160610.63. Catalogue of the Marconi Archive now available online (https://web.archive.org/web/20120404155532/http://www.bodleia

n.ox.ac.uk/news/2008_nov_07). bodleian.ox.ac.uk (7 November 2008)64. "CMC Electronics' Profile". CMC Electronics Inc. Retrieved 12 January 2007.65. "Chatham Marconi Maritime Center". www.arrl.org. Retrieved 9 November 2015.

https://monoskop.org/images/f/f4/Hong_Sungook_Wireless_From_Marconis_Black-Box_to_the_Audion.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-08298-5http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0953896706https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0953896706https://googledrive.com/host/0B-UggpdTDpJEWnpUdGc5Tkw2aU0/p45.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Numberhttps://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0267-9337https://googledrive.com/host/0B-UggpdTDpJEM3o0UnBqUlpIN1E/p110.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Numberhttps://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0267-9337https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0919511147https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8883232062https://googledrive.com/host/0B-UggpdTDpJEQTYwV0s4VHgwLW8/p37.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Numberhttps://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0267-9337https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781741149128https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0471018163https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691083762http://www.tfcbooks.com/mall/more/431pir.htmhttp://www.infoage.org/exhibits/national-broadcasters-hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-articles/269-guglielmo-marconi-1977http://www.radiohof.org/pioneer/marconi.htmlhttp://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/EUR/ITA/ITA0115.htmhttp://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Milestones:Marconi%27s_Early_Wireless_Experiments,_1895http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Milestones:List_of_IEEE_Milestoneshttp://www.accesshollywood.com/new-jersey-to-jon-bon-jovi-you-give-us-a-good-name_article_13374http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/berkshire/4072929.stmhttps://web.archive.org/web/20120404155532/http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/news/2008_nov_07http://www.cmcelectronics.ca/En/About/cmc_profile_en.htmlhttp://www.arrl.org/chatham-marconi-maritime-center



Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related to GuglielmoMarconi.

Brodsky, Ira. "The History of Wireless: How Creative Minds Produced Technology for the Masses"(Telescope Books, 2008)Cheney, Margaret, "Tesla: Man Out of Time" Laurel Publishing, 1981. Chapter 7, esp pp 69, re: publishedlectures of Tesla in 1893, copied by Marconi.Clark, Paddy, "Marconi's Irish Connections Recalled," published in ";100 Years of Radio," IEE ConferencePublication 411, 1995.Coe, Douglas and Kreigh Collins (ills), Marconi, pioneer of radio, New York, J. Messner, Inc., 1943. LCCN43010048Garratt, G. R. M., The early history of radio: from Faraday to Marconi, London, Institution of ElectricalEngineers in association with the Science Museum, History of technology series, 1994. ISBN 0852968450LCCN gb 94011611Geddes, Keith, Guglielmo Marconi, 1874–1937, London : H.M.S.O., A Science Museum booklet, 1974.ISBN 0112901980 LCCN 75329825 (ed. Obtainable in the United States. from Pendragon House Inc.,Palo Alto, California.)Hancock, Harry Edgar, Wireless at sea; the first fifty years: A history of the progress and development ofmarine wireless communications written to commemorate the jubilee of the Marconi International MarineCommunication Company, Limited, Chelmsford, Eng., Marconi International Marine Communication Co.,1950. LCCN 51040529 /LHughes, Michael and Bosworth, Katherine, Titanic Calling : Wireless Communications During the GreatDisaster (http://www.bodleianbookshop.co.uk/display.asp?isb=1851243771&TAG=&CID), Oxford, TheBodleian Library, 2012, ISBN 9781851243778Janniello, Maria Grace, Monteleone, Franco and Paoloni, Giovanni (eds) (1996), One hundred years ofradio: From Marconi to the future of the telecommunications. Catalogue of the extension, Venice: Marsilio.Jolly, W. P., Marconi, 1972.Larson, Erik, Thunderstruck, New York: Crown Publishers, 2006. ISBN 1400080665 A comparison of thelives of Hawley Harvey Crippen and Marconi. Crippen was a murderer whose Transatlantic escape wasfoiled by the new invention of shipboard radio.MacLeod, Mary K., Marconi: The Canada Years – 1902–1946, Halifax, Nova Scotia: Nimbus PublishingLimited, 1992, ISBN 1551093308Masini, Giancarlo, Guglielmo Marconi, Turin: Turinese typographicalpublishing union, 1975. LCCN77472455 (ed. Contains 32 tables outside of the text)Mason, H. B. (1908). Encyclopaedia of ships and shipping, Wireless Telegraphy (https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC11857976&id=0O5AEbIB51sC&pg=RA14PA686). London: Shipping Encyclopaedia.1908.Perry, Lawrence (1902). "Commercial Wireless Telegraphy". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. V:3194–3201. Retrieved 10 July 2009.Stone, Ellery W., Elements of Radiotelegraphy (https://books.google.com/books?vid=0BtG4iC0aqRRXaaqTh&id=MZTaMdOH7VIC)Weightman, Gavin, Signor Marconi's magic box: the most remarkable invention of the 19th century & theamateur inventor whose genius sparked a revolution, 1st Da Capo Press ed., Cambridge, MA : Da CapoPress, 2003. ISBN 0306812754Winkler, Jonathan Reed. Nexus: Strategic Communications and American Security in World War I.(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008). Account of rivalry between Marconi's firm and theUnited States government during World War I.

External links

Wikimedia

"Marconi, Guglielmo". Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). 1922.

General achievements

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0852968450https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0112901980http://www.bodleianbookshop.co.uk/display.asp?isb=1851243771&TAG=&CIDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851243778https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1400080665https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawley_Harvey_Crippenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1551093308https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC11857976&id=0O5AEbIB51sC&pg=RA14-PA686https://books.google.com/books?id=DoDNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA3194https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Workhttps://books.google.com/books?vid=0BtG4iC0aqRRXaaqTh&id=MZTaMdOH7VIChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0306812754https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Presshttps://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Marconi,_Guglielmohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica



Nobel Prize: Guglielmo Marconi biography (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconibio.html)Marconi il 5 marzo 1896, presenta a Londra la prima richiesta provvisoria di brevetto, col numero 5028 e coltitolo "Miglioramenti nella telegrafia e relativi apparati" (http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/brevettomarconi.html) (Great Britain and France between 1896 and 1924)List of British and French patents (1896–1924) (http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/brevettimarconi.html) The first patent application number 5028 of 5 March 1896 (Provisional deprivation)

Foundations and academics

University of Oxford Introduction to the Online Catalogue of the Marconi Collection (http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/marconi/collection/)University of Oxford Online Catalogue of the Marconi Archives (http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/marconi/marconi.html)Guglielmo Marconi Foundation, Pontecchio Marconi, Bologna, Italy (http://www.fgm.it/)Galileo Legacy Foundation: pictures of the Dedication of the Guglielmo Marconi Square, Johnston RIUnited States Dedication Photos (http://www.galileolegacyfoundation.org/foto%20copia/NewEngland.html)History of Marconi House (http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/MarconiHouseStrandAldwychLondon.htm),Marconi House, Strand / Aldwych, London.

Multimedia and books

MarconiCalling – The Life, Science and Achievements of Guglielmo Marconi (http://www.MarconiCalling.com/), part of the Marconi Collection at the University of OxfordCanadian Heritage Minute featuring Marconi (http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10189)Guglielmo Marconi documentary (http://www.revver.com/video/176379/waltercronkitenarratesguglielmomarconidocumentary/), narrated by Walter CronkiteReview of Signor Marconi's Magic Box (http://www.techsoc.com/marconi.htm)

Transatlantic "signals" and radio

Robert (Bob) White, Guglielmo Marconi – Aerial Assistance with a Kite (http://www.bestbreezes.squarespace.com/guglielmomarconi/). Bridging the Atlantic By Wireless Signal – 12 December 1901. Kiting, TheJournal of the American Kitefliers Association. Vol. 23, Issue 5 – Winter 2002. November 2001Faking the Waves, 1901 (http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/physicalscience/story/0,9836,616927,00.html)Marconi and "wireless telegraphy" using kites (http://www.carnetdevol.org/Wireless/radio.html)

Keys and "signals"

Sparks Telegraph Key Review (http://www.zianet.com/sparks/sparkmakers2.html) An exhaustive listing ofwireless telegraph key manufacturers including photos of most Marconi keysUnited States Senate Inquiry into the Titanic disaster – Testimony of Guglielmo Marconi (http://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq01Marconi01.php)

Priority of invention

vs Tesla

PBS: Marconi and Tesla: Who invented radio? (http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_whoradio.html)United States Supreme Court, "Marconi Wireless Telegraph co. of America v. United States (http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=320&invol=1)". 320 U.S. 1. Nos. 369, 373. Argued 9–12April 1943. Decided 21 June 1943.21st Century Books: Priority in the Invention of Radio – Tesla vs. Marconi (http://www.tfcbooks.com/mall/more/431pir.htm)

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1909/marconi-bio.htmlhttp://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/brevettomarconi.htmlhttp://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/brevettimarconi.htmlhttp://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/marconi/collection/http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/marconi/marconi.htmlhttp://www.fgm.it/http://www.galileolegacyfoundation.org/foto%20copia/NewEngland.htmlhttp://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/MarconiHouseStrandAldwychLondon.htmhttp://www.marconicalling.com/http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10189http://www.revver.com/video/176379/walter-cronkite-narrates-guglielmo-marconi-documentary/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Cronkitehttp://www.techsoc.com/marconi.htmhttp://www.best-breezes.squarespace.com/guglielmo-marconi/http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/physicalscience/story/0,9836,616927,00.htmlhttp://www.carnetdevol.org/Wireless/radio.htmlhttp://www.zianet.com/sparks/sparkmakers2.htmlhttp://www.titanicinquiry.org/USInq/AmInq01Marconi01.phphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Servicehttp://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_whoradio.htmlhttp://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=320&invol=1http://www.tfcbooks.com/mall/more/431pir.htm



Personal

Information about Marconi and his yacht Elettra (http://maritime.elettra.co.uk/panfilo)I diari di laboratorio di Guglielmo Marconi (http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/gm_diari.html) (Thediaries of laboratory Guglielmo Marconi.)Comitato Guglielmo Marconi International, Bologna, Italy (http://www.radiomarconi.com/) (Marconi'svoice)August 1914 photo article on Marconi Belmar station in Wall, NJ (https://web.archive.org/web/20120614035728/http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/wa191408index.html), InfoAge. (See also, Marconi Period ofSignificance Historic Buildings. (http://www.campevans.org/_CE/html/nrhp.html#Mar71))Marconi, Guglielmo: Statue north of Meridian Hill Park in Washington (http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0001825.htm), D.C. by Attilio Piccirilli

Other

Guglielmo Marconi, 2000 Italian Lire (1990) (http://wwwpersonal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money3.htm)

Academic officesPreceded byJan Smuts

Rector of the University of St Andrews1934–1937

Succeeded byRobert MacGregor Mitchell

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guglielmo_Marconi&oldid=741838668"

Categories: Guglielmo Marconi 1874 births 1937 deaths 20thcentury physicistsEuropean amateur radio operators Experimental physicists Fellows of the Royal Society of ArtsHonorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order IEEE Medal of Honor recipientsConverts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism Italian electrical engineersItalian emigrants to the United States Italian expatriates in England Italian fascists Italian inventorsItalian Nobel laureates Italian nobility Italian people of Irish descent Italian people of Scottish descentItalian Roman Catholics Members of the Pontifical Academy of SciencesMembers of the Royal Academy of Italy National Radio Hall of Fame inductees Nobel laureates in PhysicsPeople from Bologna People from Wall Township, New Jersey Radio pioneersRectors of the University of St Andrews Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy

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guglielmo marconi - uspto...2016/10/05 · palazzo marescalchi, bologna, italy died 20 july 1937...

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