GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING PROGRAMME

Surendra SharmaAssist. ProfessorAmity University, Gurgoan,India

GUIDANCE

INTRODUCTIONGuidance and counselling have, in all places,

been a vital aspects of higher education. One of the purposes of education is to help the individual in becoming a useful member of society. If an individual receives education without proper guidance and counseling, he is not able to develop his personality fully.

MEANING OF GUIDANCE

1.Some form of help and assistance given to an individual to solve their problems.

2.Guidance as the promotion of the growth of the individual in self-direction.

3.Guidance helps the individuals to adjust to the environment.

DEFINITION1.Guidance as a process through which an individual

is able to solve their problems and pursue a path suited to their abilities and aspirations.

JM Brewer.2.Guidance is a continuous process of helping the

individual development in the maximum of their capacity in the direction most beneficial to himself and to society

- Stoops and wahlquist.

3.Guidance is an educational service designed to help students make more effective use of the schools training programme.

- Educational point of view

NEEDS FOR GUIDANCE

Guidance based upon the fact, human being needs help. Every one needs assistance at sometime in his life, some will need it constantly while others used in only at rare. These reasons are of the following three kinds,

a)Psychological reasonsb)Sociological reasonsc)Educational reasons

A. PSYCHOLOGICAL REASONS

1. Individual Differences2. Guidance Needs at Different Stage of

Development3. Development of Health Personality4. Making the Most of Available Opportunities

B. SOCIOLOGICAL REASONS

1) Guidance is need for Proper Use of Human energy

2) Guide and changes in religious and moral belief3) Guidance and extension of democracy4) Lack of Guidance at home

C.EDUCATIONAL REASONS

1) To help in traditional of student2) To help in proper choice of courses 3) To help in proper choice of careers4) To minimize wastage5) To help exceptional children

ELEMENTS OF GUIDANCE It focus our attention on the individual and not the

problem.Guidance leads to the discovery of abilities of an

individual.Guidance is based upon the assets and limitations of

an individual.Guidance leads to self- development and self-

directions.Guidance helps the individual to plan wisely for the

present and the future.Guidance assists the individual to become adjusted

to the environment.Guidance assists to achieve success and happiness.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GUIDANCE1.It helps every individual to help himself to

recognize and use his inner resources, To set goals To make plans To work out his own problems of

development.2.It is a continuous process3.Choice and problem points are the distinctive

concerns of guidance.

4. It is assistance to the individual in the process of development.Aim: To develop the capacity for

Self direction Self guidance Self improvement5.Guidance is a service meant for all: It is a

regular service, which is required at every stage for every student.

6. It is both generalized and a specialized service.

7.It enables the individuals to take decisions to grow independently.

TYPES OF GUIDANCE

1. Educational Guidance2. Vocational Guidance3. Personal Guidance4. Social Guidance5. Avocational Guidance6. Health Guidance

GUIDACE GIVEN BY FOLLOWING PERSONNEL 1. Teacher 2. Advisor3. Dean4. Parents5. Library staff6. Medical staff7. Warden8. Liasion officer9. Physical education instructor 10.Counsellors.11.Psychiatrists12.Psychologists.

COUNSELLINGMEANING OF COUNSELLING

Counseling is a specialized service of guidance, and it is an enabling process designed to help through learning to take responsibility and to make decisions for himself / herself.

It is a helping relationship which includes- Someone seeking helpSomeone willing to give helpCapable or trained to help In a setting that permits, help to be given and

received. ‘Counselling’ denotes, “Giving of advice”.

DEFINITION

“Counselling is a method that helps the client to use a problem- solving process to recognize and manage stress and that facilitates interpersonal relationships among client, family and health care team”.

BASIC COMPONENT OF COUNSELLING

1.Rapport 2.Communication 3.Understanding4.Change in feeling and expressions5.Planning of counseling interview

NEED OF COUNSELLING

Bragdon has mentioned the following situations where counselling is required.

• When a pupil requires not only reliable information but also an interesting interpretation of those information which can solve his personal difficulties.

• When a pupil needs intelligent listener who has more experience than the pupil, to whom he can recite his difficulties.

• When the pupil has some problem but he is unaware of that problem, he is to be made aware of that problem.

• When the pupil suffers the main mal-adjustment problem or some handicap which is temporary and which needs careful long due to diagnosis by an expert.

LEVELS OF COUNSELLING

There are three levels of counselling

1. Informal counselling

2.Non – specialist counselling

3.Professional counselling

ELEMENTS OF COUNSELLING

According to cattle1.Rapport with the counselee.2.Communication between the counselor and the

counsellee.3.Counselor's through background of the

counselling process4.Counsellee’s changes in the feelings as

counselling proceeds and progresses through Various stages.

5.Structured counselling interview.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNSELLINGIt is a purposeful learning experience for the

counsellee.It is the purposeful oriented and private interview

between the counselor and counselleeBased on mutual confidence satisfactory

relationship will be establishCounselling process is structured around the felt

needs of the counsellee.Main emphasis in the counselling process is on the

counsellee’s self-direction and self acceptance. It is only one aspect of guidance

MEDIA OF COUNSELLING1) Regional centers2) Study centers3) Face to face contact4) interview5) Letters6) Phones7) Radio8) Televisions9) Broad cast10)Computers11)Teleconference

COUNSELLING PROCEDURE

Williamson and Darley have mention six steps of counselling procedure.

1. Analysis2. Synthesis3. Diagnosis4. Prognosis5. Counseling6. Follow up

TYPES OF COUNSELLING

1. Directive Counselling2. Non Directive Counselling / client centred

Counselling 3. Short Term Counselling4. Long Term Counselling5. Psychological counselling6. Clinical Counselling7. Student Counselling8. Placement Counselling

9) Marriage Counselling

10) Vocational counselling

11) Psycho therapeutic counselling

12) Individual Counselling

13) Group counselling

14) Behavioral counselling

15) Dietary counselling

16) Motivational counselling

17)Interpersonal counselling18)Problem solving counselling19)Educational counselling20)Personal counselling21)Moral, religious and social counselling22)Counselling in leisure time23)Self help group counselling24)peer group counselling

TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING

Williamson described the Techniques of couselling under the following five headings.

1.Establishing Rapport2.Cultivating self understanding3.Advising and planning a programme of actiona) Direct Advisingb) Persuasive method4.Explanatory method5.Referral to other personnel workers

PHASES OF COUNSELLING

The counselling divided in five phases

Establishing Relationship

Phase 1

Assessment

Phase 2

Phase 3

Settings Goals

Intervention

Phase 4

Termination & Follow-up

Phase 5

QUALITIES OF A COUNSELLOR

1. Interpersonal relationship• Friendly nature• Fairness• Sincerity• Tactfulness• Patience• Ability to maintain confidentiality• Respect clients abilities• Attentive listener• Speaks in client language• Capacity for being trusted by others.

2.Personal Adjustment• Show matured behavior• Maintain emotional stability• Flexibility and adaptability• Aware of one’s limitations.• Able to accept criticism• Mentally sound• Knowledge of self

3.Scholastic potentiality and educational background

• Should be motivated and committed.• Aware of polices, beliefs, and misconceptions

existing with in the local community.• Highly cultured social interests• Capacity for work• Intelligent to tackle the situations effectively• Positive interest• He will have master degree in the essential

area of guidance programme• Ability to work with people.

4.Health and personal appearance• Pleasing voice• Pleasing appearance• Freedom from annoying mannerisms.• Neatness.5.Leader ship• Ability to lead other• Reinforce important information• Guidence the counsellee to choose

appropriate method for problem solving.

6.Philosophy of life• Good character• Positive philosophy of life• Integrated personality• Faith in human value• Show significant spiritual and religious values.7.Professional dedication• Possess vocation interest and interest in

guidance work.• Show loyalty, enthusiasm to provide service for

student• Willing to work beyond call of duty.

THE ORGANIZED SETUP1. for constituent college on the campus:• If 1000 students on rolls - Counseling officer• If less than 1000 student - liaison officer• If more than 1000 student - Assistant counseling

Officer with counseling Officer.

2. At university:Deans are assisted by HOD of psychology,

and Education – Guidance committee, counseling officer, can plan the program and implement the activity.

ORGANIZING GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PROG. IN NSG. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

PURPOSESTo help adolescents with normal

developmental problem To help individuals through temporary crisisTo identify signs of disturbedTo refer cases needing specialist treatmentTo facilitate communication with in and

between the nursing school, home and the resources

To support tutors who are helping individuals.

COUNSELING PERSONNEL

Any successful counseling programme cannot just depend upon a counsellor alone but has to involve other member like librarian, medical personnel etc.

1. Principal / Tutor/ medical superintendent2. Counsellors.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELINGS.No GUIDANCE COUNSELLING

1.

2.

3.

4.

It is a comprehensive process

It can be in individual as well as in group

It is concerned with educational,

vocational and others problem along

with personal problem

Any person can provide through the

magazines, books and correspondence

It is an integral part of guidance.

Counseling of one individual is possible at a

time

It usually helps in solving the problems of

mental health and emotions.

In counseling, the role of mutual

consultation and reasoning is very

important.

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