guidance on mainstreaming disaster risk...

"gwfyHktnGef;

tzHk; tay:yHk – taxGaxGa&m*guk aq;½HkBuD;? zsmyHkNrdKU? {&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;

("gwfyHk – usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme) tzHk; atmufyHk – wGJzuf aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme? usHK'g;NrdKUe,f? {&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;

("gwfyHk – Mercy Malaysia)

jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef

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jrefrmEdkifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGiff;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;vrf;ñTef

em*pf tawGUtMuHKrsm;tay: tajccHí jyKpkygonf/


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pum;csD;

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (2008)ckESpfwGif wkdufcwfcJhonfh em*pfrkefwdkif;rSm tqdk;0g;qHk; obm0ab; jzpfygonf/ vlaygif; (84,537) a,muf toufqHk;½HI;cJh&NyD; (53,836) a,muf aysmufqHk;cJh&yg onf/ ysufpD;qHk;½IH;rIwefzdk;rSm tar&duefa':vm (4.1) bDvD,HcefU &Sdygonf/ toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk jyif;xefpGm xdcdkufysufpD;apcJhNyD; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aqmif&GufcJhaom zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm;udk ysufjym;apcJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifh obm0ab;ESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIwdkY\ tjyeftvSef qufpyfaeyHkudk tav;xm;vmapygonf/

odkYjzpfí jrefrmEdkifiHwGif obm0ab; avQmhcsa&; [DRR] rSm em*pfavab; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief; tm;vHk;wGif t"du jzpfygonf/ ,if;vkyfief;wGif em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumvyl;wGJtuJjzwfrI [PONJA] tpD&ifcHpm? em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumv jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifrI tpDtpOf [PONREP] ESifh oHk;yGifhqdkif A[dktzGJU [TCG] \ jyKvkyfaom yHkrSef jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufrsm; yg0ifygonf/ xdkUtjyif EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ obm0ab; pDrHcefUcGJa&;qkdif&m wnfNrJtrdefUonfvnf; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk t"duvkyfief;tjzpf owfrSwfygonf/

jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;udk pOfqufrjywfaqmif&Guf&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH; EdkifajcavQmhcsa&; a&½Snfvkyfief;pOfudk xnfhoGif;jcif;jzifh cHEdkif&nf½SdrIudk jr§ifhwif&ef owfrSwf xm;ygonf/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;aqmifaom jrefrmEdkifiH obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; vkyfief;pDrHcsuf [MAPDRR] (2009-2015)onf BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; udk t"du vkyfief;tjzpf aqmif½GufNyD; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfyg0ifvmapa&; tygt0if u@ (7)&yf yg0ifygonf/ obm0ab; avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfa&;vkyfief;wpf&yftjzpf aqmif½Guf&mü tdk;tdrf? usef;rma&;? ynma&;ESifh tajccHtaqmuftOD u@rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;tjzpf þu@wGif owfrSwf aqmif½Gufygonf/

em*pfrkefwdkif;umvtwGif; EkdifiHawmftpdk;&? tmqD,H? ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;& r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf; tif*sDtdkrsm;onf &yf½GmtajcjyK obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&; tpDtpOf a&;qGJa&; vufpGJpmtkyf? ab;tEÅ&m,fcHEdkif&nf½Sdaom cdkvHI&mae&mrsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif vuform;rsm;ESifh oHcsDoHauG; tvkyform;rsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk wnfaqmufay;jcif;? avab;cdkvHI&m ae&mrsm;tjzpfvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifaom trsdK;rsdK;toHk;jyKEkdifonfh pmoifausmif; rsm;ESifh aq;½Hkrsm; aqmufvkyfa&;? ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;ESifh q&mq&mrrsm;twGuf obm0 ab;usa&mufpOf aqmif&ef? a½Smif&efrsm; todynm pmpOfjyKpkjcif; tygt0if vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½GufcJhygonf/

ta½SUawmiftm½SEdkifiHrsm;toif; (tmqD,H) onf obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&; odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwif&ef? DRR obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&;qdkif&m Mum;0ifaqmif½GufrIrsm;udk ckdifrmap&efESifh jrefrmEdkifiH obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; vkyfief;pDrHcsuf ueOD; taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½GufrIudk


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yHhydk;rIay;NyD; umv½Snf obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&; tajccHtkwfjrpf csEkdif&ef tdk;tdrfu@? usef;rma&;u@ESifh ynma&;u@ oHk;&yfwGif DRR udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&; vrf;ñTef a&;om;jyKpkEdkif&ef trsm;yg0ifaom wkdifyifaqG;aEG;onfh vkyfief;pOfudk pwif aqmif½GufcJhygonf/ þvkyfief;pOfudk jrefrmEkdifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;aqmifNyD; tmqD,HESifh ukvor*¾u yHhydk;rIay;vsuf ADPC u enf;ynm tultnD jznfhqnf;ay;ygonf/

]jrefrmEdkifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} udk vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; 0efBuD;XmeESifh usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmewdkUu tmqD,H? ukvor*¾? ADPC wdkUESifh wGJzufí jyKpkygonf/ þvrf;ñTeffudk tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;ESifh wdkifyifaqG;aEG;rIrsm; jyKvkyfNyD; a&;om;jyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ vrf;ñTefcsuf tusOf;(rlMurf;)udk usef;rma&; vkyfief;tzGJUESifh wdkifyifaqG;aEG;í jyKpkcJhygonf/ ydkrdkus,fjyefUaom wkdifyifaqG;aEG;yGJudkvnf; usif;yNyD; twnfjyKcJhyg onf/ þvrf;ñTef a&;om;jyKpkaepOf tqifhtoD;oD;ü vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnf ae&mcsxm;a&; 0efBuD;XmeESifh usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? tmqD,H? WHO ESifh Merlin (usef;rma&; vkyfief;tzGJU)? ,ltif'DyD (DRR vkyfief;tkyfpk\ yl;wGJOuúX)? UNFPA, IOM, Save the Children,

jrefrmEdkifiH MuufajceDtoif;? jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; n§dEdIif;aygif;pyfrI A[dkXme (RCC)/ jrpf0uRef;ay: n§dEdIif;aygif;pyfrI tzGJU(DCU) ? MERCY Malaysia ESifh ADPC wdkU yg0ifonfh enf;ynm tpktzGJUu aqG;aEG;jcif;? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ RCC/DCU ? usef;rma&;vkyfief;tzGJU yl;wGJ OuúXrsm;ESifh DRR vkyfief;tpktzGJU yl;wGJ OuúXwdkUonf vrf;ñTefrlMurf;udk oufqdkif&m vkyfief;tzGJU0if toD;oD;ESifh aqG;aEG;NyD; wdk;wuf aumif;rGefap&ef jyKjyifEdkifa&; rSwfcsufjyKcJhMuygonf/

vrf;ñTef\ e,fy,frSm t"dutm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiH aus;vufa'orsm;½Sd usef;rma&;pepf jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;twGuf t"dyÜg,foufa&mufrIESifh oufqdkifrI&Sdaom udpö&yf tcsdKUudk vnf; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ vkyfief;e,fy,frSm ta&;ygNyD; us,fjyefYaomaMumifh NrdKUjyrsm;½Sd usef;rma&;Xmersm;ESifh usef;rma&;pepfqkdif&m tvm;wl vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;udk aemiftcgwGif qufvuf avhvm&ef vdktyfygonf/

]jrefrmEdkifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} wGif tydkif; (4) ydkif; yg0ifygonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm ed'gef;? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnfhoGif; aygif;pyf aqmif½Guf&jcif; aMumif;usdK;azmfjycsuf? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufykHESifh usef;rma&;u@twGuf pGrf;aqmif&nf&SdNyD; ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom ywf0ef;usifzefwD;jcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/ vrf;ñTefwGif em*pfavab; usef;rma&;XmetaqmufttHkrsm; jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;? usef;rma&;pepf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; pDrHudef;? usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha½SmufrI 0efaqmifrI wdk;wufaumif;rGefapa&;ESifh MudKwif owday; jcif;ESifh wkHUjyefjcif; pepfrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhaom tzGJUtpnf; toD;oD;\ aumif;rGefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udkvnf; Oyrmtjzpf xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ tEÅ&m,fuif;aom aq;½Hk rsm; ppfaq;&ef tcsufrsm;pm&if; uJhodkUaom usef;rma&;u@ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;qkdif&m


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tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;u jyKpkxm;onfh enf;ynm pmtkyfpmwrf; tcsdKUudkvnf; &nfñTef;udk;um; aMumif; 0efcHxm;NyD; &nfñTef;csufrsm;udk ay;xm;ygonf/

oufqkdifaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm;vHk;\ pkaygif; BudK;yrf;rI? wefzdk;½Sdaom tMuHjyKcsufrsm; ESifhyl;aygif;aqmif½Gufaom pdwf"mwfwdkUaMumifhomvQif þvrf;ñTefudk jyKpkEkdifjcif; jzpfygonf/ DRR

ESifh usef;rma&;u@qdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? txl;ojzifh usef;rma&;u@wGif DRR udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif½Gufaeaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; taxGaxG em;vnfrIudk wdk;wuf jrifhrm;apvsuf tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;a&;ESifh obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; ywf0ef;usifjzpfay:apa&; jr§ifhwifay;rnf jzpfygonf/


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twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm;pm&if;

ADPC Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

tm½Sa'o obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;Xme

AFXB International Association of Francis Xavier Bagnoud z&efppf qmAD,m; bm*Edk'f EkdifiHwumtoif;

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ta½SUawmiftm½SEkdifiHrsm;toif; (tmqD,H)

DRR Disaster Risk Reduction obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;

EC European Commission

Oa&myaumfr½Sif EWARS Early Warning and Response System

MudKwif owday;jcif;ESifh wkHUjyefjcif; pepf FRC French Red Cross

jyifopfMuufajceDtoif; GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; urÇmwpf0Srf; tpDtrH HFL High Flood Level

a&vTrf;rdk;pOftjrifhqHk;a&rSwf IEC Information, education and communication (materials)

owif;tcsuftvuf? ynmay;ESifh qufoG,fajymqdkrI (pmapmif ypönf;rsm;) IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

EdkifiHwum MuufajceDESifh vjcrf;eD toif;rsm; tzGJUcsKyf INGO International Non-government Organization

EdkifiHwum tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf; IOM International Organization of Migration

EdkifiHwum a½TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;tzGJU MAPDRR Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction

jrefrmEdkifiHobm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsuf MES Myanmar Engineering Society

jrefrmEdkifiH tif*sifeD,mtoif; MIMU Myanmar Information Management Unit

jrefrmEdkifiH owif;tcsuftvuf pDrHcefUcGJrI tzGJU MoH Ministry of Health

usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme


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MRCS Myanmar Red Cross Society jrefrmEdkifiH MuufajceDtoif;

NDPCC Natural Disaster Preparedness Central Committee of Myanmar jrefrmEdkifiH trsdK;om;obm0ab;umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; A[dkaumfrwD

NGO Non-government Organization tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf; (tif*sDtdk)

PAHO Pan-American Health Organization tar&duwpfwdkufvHk;qdkif&m usef;rma&;tzGJU

PONJA Post-Nargis Joint Assessment em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumvyl;wGJtuJjzwfrI

PONREPP Post-Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumvjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifrItpDtpOf

SOP Standard Operating Procedures pHowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;aqmif½Gufonfh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;

TCG Tripartite Core Group oHk;yGifhqkdif A[dktzGJU

UN United Nations ukvor*¾

UNDP United Nations Development Programme ukvor*¾zGHUNzdK;rItpDtpOf

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund ukvor*¾vlOD;a& &efyHkaiGtzGJU

USD United States Dollar

tar&duefa':vm

WASH Water, sanitation and hygiene sector a&? ywf0ef;usifoefU½Sif;a&;ESifh wpfudk,f&nf oefU½Sif;a&; u@

WHO World Health Organization urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU

WHO-SEARO World Health Organization Regional Office for South-east Asia urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU ta½SUawmiftm½Sa'o½Hk;


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rmwdum

pum;csD; ....................................................................... 2

twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm;pm&if; ................................................. 5

rmwdum ...................................................................... 7

pmpkrsm;pm&if; ................................................................. 9

tydkif; 1 - ed'gef; .................................................................................... 10

1-1 &nf½G,fcsuf ......................................................................... 11

1-2 OD;wnf&nf½G,folrsm; ................................................................. 11

1-3 yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&m ............................................................. 12

1-4 obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm; .......................... 12

tydkif; 2 - obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufjcif; aMumif;usdK;azmfjycsuf ................................................... 15

2-1 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;rsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIrsm; ................................ 16

2-2 usef;rma&;u@wGif MuHKawGU&wwfaom xdckdufcH&vG,frIrsm; ........................... 19 2-3 ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepf jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; aMumif;usdK;

azmfjycsuf ........................................................................... 22 2-4 aus;vufa'orsm;wGif ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfrsm; wnfaqmuf&ef

tcGifhtvrf;rsm; ..................................................................... 23 2-5 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Guf&mwGif

MuHKawGU&onfh tcuftcJpdefac:rIrsm; .................................................. 24

tydkif; 3 - obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnhfoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&GufykH ........................................................ 26

3-1 usef;rma&;aq;½Hkaq;cef;rsm;wnfaqmuf&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Guf&ef pOf;pm;jcif; .............................. 28

3-2 usef;rma&;aq;½Hkaq;cef;rsm; tm;jznfhjyKjyif&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif½Gufjcif; ......................................... 35

3-3 ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfjzpfap&ef pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufjcif; ....... 36

3-4 aus;vufusef;rma&;XmetwGuf obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&; tpDtpOfrsm;udk jyKpkjcif; .............................................................. 40

3-5 usef;rma&;ESifhqufpyfonfh tjcm;u@rsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhfoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&; ......................................... 43


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tydkif; 4 - usef;rma&;u@twGuf pGrf;aqmif&nf&SdNyD; ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom ywf0ef;usif zefwD;jcif; .................................................................. 50

4-1 usef;rma&;u@zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufjcif; ..................................................... 51

4-2 ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom usef;rma&;XmetaqmufttHkrsm; aqmufvkyfjcif;qdkif&m EdkifiHawmftqifh vrf;nTefcsuf a&;qGJjcif; ............................................... 52

4-3 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnhfoGif; aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&ef pnf;½kH;vIHYaqmfjcif; .............................................. 53

4-4 &yf&Gmudk yg0ifaqmif&Gufapjcif; ....................................................... 53

4-5 aus;vufa'owGif tajccHusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;\ vkyfief;uRrf;usifrI zGHUNzdK;a&; ulnDyhHydk;ay;jcif; ...................................................................... 54

4-6 BudKwifowday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefrIpepfrsm;udk vufawGUtokH;csjcif;rsm;tm; jr§ifhwifay;jcif; .... 55

4-7 vkyfief;e,fy,frsm;yg0ifaom uGef&uf wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh tm;aumif;apjcif; ............ 56

aemufqufwGJ 1 - em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifrI tusOf;csKyf .......... 58

aemufqufwGJ 2 - EdkifiHawmftpdk;& usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeqdkif&m aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm; ...... 63

aemufqufwGJ 3 - tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aomaq;½Hk jzpfapa&;twGuf ppfaq;&eftcsufrsm;pm&if; ... 66

aemufqufwGJ 4 - ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½Hkjzpfapa&; pnf;½Hk;vHIUaqmf&mwGif tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\ tcef;u@ ............................... 83


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pmpkrsm;pm&if;

pmpk - 1 obm0ab;rsm;jzpfyGm;vmygu usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm;wGif usa&mufavh&Sdonfh tEÅ&m,frsm; ................................................... 21

pmpk - 2 ]ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½kHjzpfapa&;} t,ltqoabmw&m; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef tcsufrsm;...................................................... 27

pmpk - 3 rav;&Sm;EdkifiH MERCY Malaysia tzGJU\ obm0ab; cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom aq;½kH'DZdkif;ykHpH ....................................................................... 32

pmpk - 4 ]obm0ab;rsm;rS ab;uif;vHkjcHKaomaq;½kH} qdkonfrSm tb,fenf; ............... 34

pmpk - 5 aq;½kHrsm;twGuf obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkYjyefa&; pDrHcsuf a&;qGJa&; t"duvrf;ñTef rlrsm; ..................................................... 41

pmpk - 6 ta&;ay: tajctaewGif a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; 0efaqmifrIrsm; ta&;ygykH ............................................................................ 44

pmpk - 7 ta&;ay:tajctaersm;ESifh obm0ab;rsm; usa&mufpOf a&ESifhpyfvsOf;í tajccHtnTef;udef;rsm; .............................................................. 46

jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk

xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef

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- 11 -

1-1 &nf½G,fcsuf

]jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} \ &nf½G,fcsufrSm atmufygtwdkif;

jzpfygonf/

usef;rma&;u@vkyfief;rsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;

aqmif&Guf&ef ]vdktyfcsuf} udk tav;teuf azmfjy&ef?

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif txl;ojzihf aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf t"du csOf;uyfykH

rsm;udk azmfxkwf&ef? tpdk;&? ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;

(tif*sDtdk) rsm;ESifh em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnf xlaxmifa&;vkyfief;wGif tjcm;aom yg0ifaqmif&Guf

olrsm;\ aumif;rGefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;? qef;opfwDxGifaom csOf;uyfykHrsm;ESifh &&SdchJaom

oifcef;pmrsm;tay: tajccHí aqmif&Guf&ef ?

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ]ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom usef;rma&;pepf} wnfaxmifEdkifa&;twGuf t"du

ta&;ygaom ]xdcdkufcH&vG,frIrsm;ESihf tcGifhtvrf;rsm;} udkazmfxkwf&ef

1-2 OD;wnf&nf½G,folrsm;


avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} udk t"du toHk;jyKolrsm;rSm usef;rma&;

u@ü obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;wGif yg0if

aom usef;rma&; 0efBuD;XmeESifh vlrI0efxrf; u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; 0efBuD;Xme

ponfh tpdk;&0efBuD;Xmersm;ESifh OD;pD;Xmersm;jzpfygonf/

ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? (jynfwGif;ESifh EdkifiHwum) tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf; (tif*sDtdk) rsm;

ESihf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usef;rma&;pepfudk obm0ab;'Pf ydkrdk cHEdkif&nf&Sdapa&;tm; t"duxm;

aqmif&Gufaeaom tjcm; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGufvnf; &nf&G,fygonf/ usef;rma&;u@wGif

obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&;IHEdkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Guf&ef tpdk;&? ukvor*¾

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh vkyfief;tpDtpOf

csrSwfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&müvnf; vrf;nTefudk &nfnTef;pmapmifwpf&yftjzpf tokH;jyKEdkifygrnf/

xdkUtjyif þvrf;nGefonf vkyfief;taumiftxnfazmfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh rnfonf

wdkUudk vkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfaMumif;ESifh tvSL&Sifrsm;tm; vufawGUowif;tcsuftvufrsm;

jznfhqnf;ay;jyD; qkH;jzwfcsufcsEdkifa&;twGuf yhHydk;rIvnf; ay;Edkifygrnf/ þodkUjzihf ydkrdk tEÅ&m,f

uif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfwnfaxmif&ef xda&mufpGm yhHykd;rIay;a&;twGuf &efykHaiG jznfhqnf;

ay;jcif;qkdif&m r[mAsL[mrsm;udk jyKpkazmfxkwfEdkifygrnf/



- 12 -

1-3 yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&m


avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} onf -

usef;rma&;u@wGif taqmufttHkydkif;qdkif&m? taqmufttHkr[kwfaom taMumif;tcsuf

rsm;qdkif&mESifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIydkif;qdkif&mwdkUudk avhvmoHk;oyfNyD; obm0ab;aMumifh

qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; DRR udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufjcif;tm; t"duxm;ygonf/

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif em*pfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umvtwGif; aqmif&GufchJaom vkyfief;rsm;omru

a'otwGif; tawGUtBuHKrsm;ay:wGif tajccHvsuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh

qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; DRR udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf csOf;uyfykHrsm;udk

tBuHjyKazmfjyygrnf/

NrdKUe,frS aus;&Gmtxd aus;vufESifh aus;vufteD;ywf0ef;usifa'orsm;wGif ydkrdk tEÅ&m,f

uif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfrsm; wnfaxmifa&;udk t"duxm;azmfjyygrnf/

ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom aq;½kHrsm;wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf nTefMum;csufrsm;udk azmfjyxm;rnf

r[kwfyg/ odkU&mwGif aq;½kHaqmufvkyfa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJjcif;? taumiftxnf

azmfjcif;wdkUwGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh t"dutcsufrsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygrnf/

1-4 obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Ekdifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;1

ab;tEÅ&m,f Disaster - qdkonfrSm ]]&yf½Gm odkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf; yHkrSefvnfywfrI

jyif;xefpGm ysufjym;jcif;jzpfNyD; xdcdkufaom &yf½Gm odkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf;onf udk,fydkif

t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk toHk;jyKí ajz½Sif;Edkifonfh pGrf;&nfxuf ausmfvGefí vlom;qdkif&m?

½kyf0w¬Kypönf;qkdif&m? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usif qHk;½HI;rIrsm;ESifh xdcdkufrIrsm;

us,fus,fjyefUjyefU jzpfyGm;ygonf/}}

tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI Risk - xdef;csKyfjcif;rjyKEdkifaom tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh aumif;pGm xdef;csKyfEdkif

aom tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIrsm;? pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm; qHkawGU&mrS xGufay:vmjcif; jzpfyg

onf/

ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc Disaster Risk - owfrSwfxm;aom tem*wfumvwpfck

wGif &yf½Gm odkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf;wpfckwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufjcif;aMumifh

jzpfyGm;vmEdkifaom b0aexdkifrIrsm;? usef;rma&;tqifhtwef;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;b

vrsm;? ydkifqkdifrI rsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; qHk;½HI;rIjzpfonf/

xdcdkufcH&vG,frI Vulnerability - tEÅ&m,faMumifh &yf½Gm? pepf odkUr[kwf ydkifqkdifrI wpfckwGif

xdcdkufEdkifaom oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;ESifh tajctaersm;jzpfonf/ jzpfyGm;EdkifaMumif; od½Sdxm;

aom tEÅ&m,frsm;rS pmoifausmif;udk umuG,frxm;bJ tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;vmygu jzpfyGm;csdef

wm;qD;umuG,fa&;Xme 0ufbfqdkuf - http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/terminology/

http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/terminology/



- 13 -

wGif xdcdkufysufpD;EkdifvQif ] xdcdkufcH&vG,frI } odkUr[kwf ]ckcHEkdifpGrf;enf;yg;rI} &Sdonf[k qdkyg

onf/

BudKwifjyifqifjcif; Preparedness - BudKwifjyifqifjcif;qkdonfrSm jzpfEkdifajc½Sdaom? jzpftHhqJqJ

odkUr[kwf vuf½SdjzpfyGm;aeaom tEÅ&m,frsm; odkUr[kwf tajctaersm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIrsm;udk

xda&mufpGm BudKwifcefUrSef;a&;? wkHUjyefa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf tpdk;&rsm;?

ynm&yfydkif; wHkUjyefvkyfief;aqmif½Gufa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? &yf½Gmrsm;

ESifh vlwpfOD;csif;u zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&ef wnfaqmufxm;aom todynmESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;

jzpfygonf/

xdcdkufrIavsmhenf;apjcif; Mitigation - tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh qufpyf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ qdk;0g;

aom oufa&mufrIrsm;udk avsmhenf;apjcif; odkUr[kwf uefUowfjcif; vkyfief;pOf jzpfygonf/

wkHYjyefjcif; Response - wHkYjyefjcif;qdkonfrSm ab;tEÅ&m,f jzpfyGm;aepOf odkUr[kwf jzpfyGm;NyD;

vQif NyD;csif; toufu,f&ef? usef;rma&; xdcdkufrIrsm;udk avQmhcs&ef? trsm;jynfol tEÅ&m,f

uif;½Sif;a&; aqmif½Guf&efESifh ab;'Pfoifhjynfolrsm;\ tajccH toufarG;0rf;ausmif;

vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;&ef ta&;ay:0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh trsm;jynfol\tultnDrsm;

yHhydk;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/

jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif; Recovery - ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI taMumif;tcsufrsm;udk

avsmhenf;usqif;apjcif; tygt0if ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufaom &yf½Gmrsm;\ ypönf;

ud&d,m taqmufttHkrsm;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif; vkyfief;rsm;ESifh b0aexdkifrI tajctae

rsm;udk jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;ESifh oifhawmfaomae&mrsm;wGif wdk;wufaumif;rGefapjcif;

jzpfonf/

obm0ab; avQmhcsa&; Disaster Risk Reduction - obm0ab; avQmhcsa&;onf

ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfay:apaom taMumif;rsm;udk qef;ppfavhvmNyD; xddef;csKyfEdkif&ef pepfwus

BudK;yrf;aqmif½Gufjcif;jzifh ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufEkdifrIrsm;udk avQmhcsonfh t,ltq

oabmw&m;ESifh vkyfenf;vkyf[efjzpfonf/ tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh xdawGUEdkifrI avQmhcs jcif;?

vltrsm;ESifh ydkifqkdifypönf;rsm; xdcdkufvG,frI^umuG,fEdkifpGrf;enf;yg;rIudk avsmhenf;apjcif;?

ajrESifh obm0ywf0ef;usifudk tajrmftjrif½SdpGm pDrHcefUcGJjcif;? xdcdkufaom jzpf&yfrsm;twGuf

ydkrdk aumif;rGefpGm BudKwifjyifqifjcif;wdkU yg0ifonf/

taqmufttHkudk tm;jznfhjyifqifjcif; Retrofitting - vuf½SdtaqmufttHkrsm;udk tEÅ&m,f

rsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrItm; cHEdkif&nf½Sd&efESifh rxdcdkufap&ef tm;jznfhjcif; odkUr[kwf tqifhjr§ifhwif

jcif; jzpfonf/



- 14 -

aygif;pnf;xnfhoGif; aqmif½Gufjcif; Mainstreaming - obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&; e,fy,fwGif xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufjcif;qdkonfrSm vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGif;

tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom ywf0ef;usifudk jyKpkysdK;axmifEdkif&ef arQmfvifhvsuf zGHUNzdK;a&;rS tpjyKí

ynma&;? pdkufysdK;a&;txd bmom&yfe,fy,f toD;oD;wGif tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;EkdifrI avQmhcsa&;

t,ltqrsm;ESifh em;vnfoabmaygufrIrsm;udk aygif;pnf;xnfhoGif;aom vkyfenf;vkyf[efudk

&nfñTef;onfh r[mAsL[mjzpfonf/ þuJhodkY xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif½Gufjcif;wGif rl0g'

a&;qGJjcif;? okawoejyKvkyfjcif;? pnf;½Hk;vHIUaqmfjcif;? Oya'jyKjcif;? t&if;tjrpfrsm; cGJa0

owfrSwfay;jcif;ESifh vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;? pDrHcsufrsm; pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;? vkyfief;pdrHcsufrsm;

taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESifh apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ponfh vkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;wGif obm0ab;

avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m ½IjrifyHkrsm;udk A[dktcsuftcsmae&mrS yg0ifapa&; vkyfaqmifjcif; jzpfonf/



- 15 -

½



- 16 -

2-1 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab; tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIrsm;

obm0ab;rsm;udk ]&yf&GmodkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf;onf udk,fydkift&if;tjrpfrsm;udk tokH;jyKvsuf

ajz&Sif; aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;xuf ausmfvGefaom us,fjyefUonfh vlom;qkdif&m? ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;qdkif&m?

pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m odkUr[kwf obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m qkH;½IH;rIrsm;ESifh xdcdkufrIrsm; jzpfapaom

&yf&Gm odkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf;\ vkyfief;vnfywfaqmif&GufrIudk jyif;xefpGm xdcdkufysufjym;

apjcif;} [k t"dyÜm,f azmfjyygonf/ obm0ab;rsm;tm;vkH;onf usef;rma&; taqmufttHkrsm;

odkUr[kwf Xmersm;udk ysufpD;apjcif; odkUr[kwf usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;twGuf tEÅ&m,fjzpfapjcif;

aMumifh wdkuf½dkuf oufqdkifrI&Sdonfjzpfap? r&Sdonfjzpfap usef;rma&;qdkif&m pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;udk

jzpfyGm;apygonf/ e,fajra'otwGif;wGif pm;eyf&du©mxkwfvkyfrI jywfawmufNyD; o,f,l

ydkUaqmifa&;cufcJEkdifjcif;? vrf;rsm;rSm tysuftpD;rsm; ydwfqdkUaeojzifh a0;vHaom a'orsm;odkU

tpm;tpmtultnDay;ydkU&ef cufcJjcif;wdkUaMumifh xdcdkufaom&yf&Gmrsm;twGuf tm[m&jynfh0rI

qdkif&m pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;vnf; jrifhrm;ygonf/ tvm;wl a&m*grsm;onf uyfa&m*g toGifjzihf jzpfyGm;

vmrnfhtEÅ&m,f BuD;rm;NyD; 'kwd,tqifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jyif;xefpGm jzpfyGm;vmEdkifjcif;aMumifh

oefU&Sif;aoma& &&Sda&;ESifh usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfaom ywf0ef;usif oefU&Sif;a&; tavhtusifhrsm;

usifhokH;a&;wdkUudk txl;OD;pm;ay; usef;rma&; udpö&yfrsm;tjzpf aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfygonf/ csufcsif;

u,fq,fa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;tqifhwGif pepfwus usef;rma&;jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrI aqmif&Gufay;jcif;

r&Sdygu jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief;pOf aESmifhaES; MuefYMumwwfygonf/

wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif aq;½kHtaqmufttHkrsm;wGif xdcdkufysufpD;rI &Sdygu aq;½kH&Sd vlemrsm;ESifh

0efxrf;rsm; tm;vkH;twGuf BuD;rm;aomtEÅ&m,fjzpfapygonf/ xdcdkuf'Pf&m &&Sdolrsm;tm;

ta&;ay:0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;&ef e,fajrcHusef;rma&;tmPmydkif\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk

avsmhenf;usqif;apygonf/ þodkUjzifh aemiftcg obm0ab;jzpfyGm;aomtcg aq;½kHrsm; ydkrdk

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;ap&efESifh trsm;jynfol tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif

obm0ab;avsmhyg;ap&ef &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;jzifh taxGaxG usef;rma&;pepfrsm; ydkrdk tm;aumif;

vmNyD; rnfonfhobmab; usa&mufonfjzpfap ydkrdkvQifjrefpGm jyefvnfxlaxmifEdkif&ef

taxmuftul jyKygrnf/

xdkUtjyif obm0ab;aMumifh usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm; toufqkH;½IH;jcif;? xdckduf'Pf&m&jcif;rsm;

jzpfyGm;ygu ta&;ay:tajctaewGif 0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;&mü rsm;pGm xdckdufygrnf/

vlOD;a&trsm;tjym;udk usef;rma&;0efxrf; tenf;i,fu wm0ef,l&aom zGHUNzdK;qJEdkifiHrsm;ESifh

zGHUNzdK;rIenf;yg;aom EdkifiHrsm;&Sd aus;vufa'orsm;wGif xdcdkufrI ydkrdkrsm;jym;ygrnf/ uRrf;usifaom

vlom;t&if;tjrpfrsm; qkH;½IH;ygu tpm;xdk;&ef tcsdef,l&rnfjzpfNyD; 0efxrf;tiftm; jyefvnf

jznfhwnf;&eftwGuf aiGaMu; t&if;tESD;vnf; trsm;tjym; vdktyfygrnf/ xdkUaMumifh ydkrdk

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmufonfhtcsdefwGif pGrf;aqmif&nf

wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;\ odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifjcif;wdkYudk wpfygwnf;

aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh BudKwifjyifqifrIESifh Edk;Mum;rI ½SdvmNyD; wefzdk;&Sdaom vlUtoufrsm;udk u,fq,f

Edkifygrnf/



- 17 -

2-1-1 jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jzpfyGm;aom obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ivsifvIyfjcif;? qlemrDa&vIdif;jzpfay:jcif;? qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wdkufcwfjcif;?

rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif;? a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;? rD;avmifjcif;? ajrNydKjcif;? awmrD;avmifjcif;ESifh rdk;acgifa&&Sm;

jcif;wdkU tygt0if obm0ab; tEÅ&m,ftrsKd;rsKd; jzpfyGm;avh&Sdygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH urf;½dk;wef;

e,fajra'orsm;rSm qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;rsm;? rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif;rsm;? qlemrDa&vIdif;rsm; jzpfyGm;avh

&SdNyD; EdkifiH\ tpdwftydkif;trsm;tjym;rSm ivsifvIyfjcif;ESifh rD;avmifjcif;wdkU jzpfyGm;rnfh tEÅ&m,f

&Sdygonf/ rkd;&Gmjcif;aMumifh a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;rSm EdkifiHwpf0ef; rMumcP jzpfyGm;avh&Sdygonf/ EdkifiH

\ awmifay:a'orsm;rSm ajrNydKjcif;rsm; jzpfEkdifygonf/ tv,fydkif;a'orsm;rSm rdk;acgifa&&Sm;rI

MuHKawGU&wwfygonf/

2-1-2 em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;ESifh rkefwdkif;aMumifhxdcdkufrIrsm;

em*pfrkefwdkif;onf tqihf(3)&Sdaom qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;jzpfNyD; (2008)ckESpf? arv (2)&ufESifh

(3)&ufwdkUwGif jrefrmEdkifiHodkU 0ifa&mufwdkufcwfchJygonf/ &efukefNrdKU taemufawmifbuf

uDvdkrDwm(250)cefUtuGm {&m0wDwdkif;wGif ukef;wGif;ydkif;odkU pwif0ifa&mufcJhygonf/ rkefwdkif;

\ avwdkufcwfrIEIef;rSm wpfem&DvQif uDvdkrDwm (200) txd&SdNyD; rdk;onf;xefpGm &GmoGef; ygonf/

jrpf0uRef;ay:a'owGif xdckdufysufpD;rI tjyif;xefqkH; jzpfygonf/ avjyif;wdkufjcif;ESifh rkefwdkif;'Da&

(12)ay^ (3.6)rDwmtxd wufjcif;aMumifh xdcdkufysufpD;rI ydkrdkrsm;jym;ygonf/ toufqkH;½IH;ol

(84,537)OD; &SdNyD; (53,836)OD; aysmufqkH;í ydkifqdkifypönf; xdckdufysufpD;rI wefzdk; tar&duefa':vm

(4.1)bDvD,HcefU ½SdchJygonf/ avab;oifh NrdKUe,frsm;wGif aexkdifMuaom vlOD;a& (7.35)oef;cefU

teuf jyif;xefpGm xdcdkuf'Pf&m½Sdol (2.4) oef;cefU ½Sdygonf/ {&m0wDwdkif;ESifh

&efukefwdkif;wdkUwGif NrdKUe,f (37) NrdKUe,fü xdcdkufysufpD;rI rsm;jym;chJygonf/

2-1-3 em*pfrkefwdkif;aMumifh usef;rma&;u@wGif jzpfyGm;aomxdcdkufrIESifhqkH;½IH;rI

em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;aMumihf {&m0wDwdkif;twGif; usef;rma&;u@wGif xdckdufysufpD;rI

rsm;jym;chJygonf/ em*pfqdkifuvkef;rwdkufcwfrDtcsdefu ckwif (100)? ckwif (50) ESifh (16) ckwifqhH

aq;½kHrsm;? wdkif;a'oBuD;^a'ocGJtqifh usef;rma&;Xmersm;ESifh aq;ynm oifwef;ausmif;rsm;

tygt0if usef;rma&;Xme (1,217) ck &Sdygonf/ 2 ,if;wdkUwGif em*pfrkefwdkif; vGefumv yl;wGJ

tuJjzwfrI (PONJA) tpD&ifcHpmt& xdckdufaom NrdKUe,frsm;&Sd usef;rma&;Xme (75%)rSm

xdcdkufysufpD;chJygonf/ xdcdkufysufpD;rItrsm;pkrSm jrpf0uRef;ay: atmufydkif;wGif jzpfyGm;chJygonf/

ysufpD;oGm;aom taqmufttHkrsm; tm;vkH;vdkvdkonf tajcpdkufaq;cef;rsm;? aus;vufusef;rma&;

Xmersm;ESifh XmecGJrsm; tygt0if tajccHusef;rma&; taqmufttHkrsm; jzpfygonf/ aiGaMu;yrmP

tm;jzifh ,if;taqmufttHkrsm;\ xdckdufysufpD;rI wefzdk;rSm NrdKUMuD;rsm;&Sd aq;½kHrsm;wGif jzpfyGm;aom

xdckdufysufpD;rI yrmPavmuf rrsm;jym;aomfvnf; aus;vufjynfol vlxktaejzifh usef;rma&;

0efaqmifrIrsm; &,ltokH;jyKEdkifrItay:wGif rsm;pGm xdcdkufrI&Sdygonf/

Myanmar Live After Nargis (2009) Chachavalpongpun and Thuzar .



- 18 -

usef;rma&;u@wGif pkpkaygif;xdcdkuf ysufpD;rIESifh qkH;½IH;rI usyf (19) bDvD,HcefU&Sdonf[k cefUrSef;

ygonf/ xdckdufysufpD;rI\ (3)ykH (2)ykHcefUrSm jynfolydkifu@wGif jzpfNyD;? (3)ykH (1)ykHrSm yk*¾vdu

u@wGif jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;0efaqmifrI jznfhqnf;ay;jcif; txl;ojzihf umuG,faq;xdk;

jcif;ESifh ul;pufa&m*grsm;ukojcif;? usef;rma&;jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrI 0efaqmifrIrsm;? rD;zGm;jcif;twGuf

usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI 0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh aq;0g;rsm; &&SdEdkifrIvnf; ododomom

usqif;chJygonf/

PONJA wGif ppfwrf;aumuf,lchJaom tdrfaxmifpk (65%) ausmfwdkUu (2008)ckESpf? ZGefv

tapmydkif;wGif tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;tMum;ü usef;rma&;jyóemrsm; jzpfyGm;cJhonf[k qdkygonf/

trsm;qkH; jzpfyGm;aom a&m*grsm;rSm tat;rdjcif; (39%)? zsm;emjcif; (37%)ESifh 0rf;ysuf

0rf;avQmjcif; (34%) wdkU jzpfygonf/ ppfwrf;aumuf,lcJhaom tdrfaxmifpkrsm;teuf (23%) u

rkefwdkif;aMumihf tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;tMum; pdwfusef;rma&; jyóemrsm; jzpfyGm;onf[k qdkygonf/

xdkodkYjzpfyGm;rIrSm NrdKUe,fwpfckESifhwpfck uGJjym;jcm;em;NyD; &mckdifEIef;tm;jzifh (6%)rS (51%)txd

&Sdygonf/

aetdrfrsm;ESifhtwl ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; tpDtrHrsm;vnf; ysufpD;oGm;jcif;aMumifh wGif;tdrfom

tokH;jyKaom tdrfaxmifpktcsKd;tpm;rSm (77%)rS (60%)odkU usqif; oGm;ygonf/ xkdUaMumifh

tpmtdrftlvrf;aMumif;a&m*grsm; wdk;yGm;vmrnfh tEÅ&m,f&Sdonf[k ,lqygonf/ uGif;jyifwGif

tnpftaMu;pGefUjcif;? a&ay:tdrfomrsm; tokH;jyKjcif;? tdrfomusif;wl;í tokH;jyKjcif;uhJodkUaom

ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;ESifh rnDñGwfonfh tnpftaMu;pGefUaom tavhtusihfrsm;rSm (23%)rS

(40%)txd wdk;jrifhchJygonf/ a&ay:tdrfomrsm; tokH;jyKrIrSm (3%)rS (7%)txd jrifhwufchJyg

onf/ jrpfa&udk aomufa&tjzpf tokH;jyKrIvnf; rsm;jym;vmNyD; qyfjymtokH;jyKrI enf;yg;jcif;

aMumihf (2008)ckESpf? ZGefv aemufydkif;wGif usef;rma&;qdkif&m pdk;&drfylyefzG,f&m txl;ojzifh

jzpfay:chJygonf/ (2008)ckESpf? atmufwdkbmvESifh Edk0ifbmvwGif ppfwrf;aumuf,lchJaom

em*pfrkefwdkif;vGef umvydkif;tvdkuf qef;ppfokH;oyfcsuf trSwfpOf(1) t& tcsKdUaom

NrdKUe,frsm;wGif uav;oli,frsm; 0rf;ysuf0rf;avQm jzpfyGm;aMumif; awGU&Sd&NyD; jzpfyGm;rIEIef;rSm

e,fajra'otvdkuf rsm;pGmuGJjym;jcm;em;ygonf/ tzsm;a&m*g jzpfyGm;rI rsm;rSmrl tcsKdUa'orsm;wGif

trsm;tjym; pkí jzpfyGm;ygonf/ odkU&mwGif em*pfrkefwdkif;aMumifh xdcdkufaom e,fajra'orsm;ü

usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme\ OD;aqmifrIjzihf oufqdkifaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm;vkH;u tvsiftjref

BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf aqmif&GufchJjcif;aMumifh a&rSwqifh ul;pufjyefUyGm;aom a&m*grsm;udk uyfa&m*g

tqihf rjzpfyGm;ap&eftwGuf atmifjrifpGm wm;qD;EkdifchJygonf/

a,bk,stm;jzihf &efukefwdkif;ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;wdkUwGif usef;rma&;u@ xdcdkufqkH;½IH;rI cefUrSef;csuf

rsm;udk atmufazmfjyygZ,m; 1-1 wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/



- 19 -

Z,m; 1-1 &efukefwdkif;ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;wdkUwGif usef;rma&;u@xdcdkufqkH;½IH;rIcefUrSef;csufrsm;

jynfolydkif

(usyfoef;aygif;)

yk*¾vdu

(usyfoef;aygif;)

pkpkaygif;

(usyfoef;aygif;)

xdcdkufrI 11,545 1,236 12,781

qkH;½IH;rI 1,141 4,971 6,113

xdcdkufrIESifhqkH;½IH;rI 12,686 6,208 18,894

&nfnTef;csuf - PONJA

2-2 usef;rma&;u@wGif MuHKawGU&wwfaom xdcdkufcH&vG,frIrsm;

usef;rma&;u@wGif xdckdufrIESifh qkH;½IH;rIrSm taMumif;tcsufwpfckwnf;aMumifh r[kwfbJ

taMumif;tcsuf trsm;tjym;aMumifh jzpfyGm;EdkifNyD; t"dutaMumif;tcsufrsm;rSm atmufygwdkU

jzpfygonf/

usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm; rwnfaqmufrDtcsdefwGif wnfaqmufrnfhae&mudk

BudKwifí tuJjzwf okH;oyfjcif;

a,bk,stm;jzihf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmufrnfhae&mudk

tuJjzwfcsufjyKvkyfonfh tavhtx enf;yg;ygonf/ xdkaMumifh tpDtpOfa&;qGJ&mü

wnfaqmufrnfh ae&m\ obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufEdkifrIrsm;udk rsm;pGm

xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Ekdifjcif; r&Sdyg/ azmfxkwf&½Sdaom taMumif;&if;rsm;rSm bwf*suf tuefUtowf

&Sdjcif;? obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh obm0ab;aMumihf qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;?

¤if;wdkU\tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufrI enf;yg;jcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/ tusKd;quf

tm;jzifh e,fajra'ow0dkufwGif jzpfyGm;Edkifaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;taMumif; rod&SdMubJ

usef;rma&;taqmufttHk 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwf&mwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f cHEdkif&nf&Sdaprnfh oGifjyif

vu©Pmrsm; wpfygwnf; xnhfoGif;Edkifonfh tcGifhtvrf;udkyg vufvGwfqHk;½HI; &ygonf/

aus;vufa'orsm;wGif aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;topfwpf&yf taumiftxnfazmfrnfqdkygu

obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m oufa&mufrIudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/

aus;vufa'orsm;rSm vlOD;a&xlxyfaom NrdKUjye,fajra'orsm;ESifh rwlnDbJ uGif;jyif

ae&mvGwf trsm;tjym;&SdNyD; ESpfouf&mae&mudk a&G;cs,fEdkifygonf/ odkU&mwGif obm0

ywf0ef;usifESifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;tMum; odrfarGUaom [efcsufnDrIudk rxdcdkufapa&; owdjyK

&ef vdktyfygonf/ umuG,fapmifha&Smufxm;aom opfawme,fajra'orsm;wGif wnfaqmuf

jcif; okdUr[kwf ordkif;wpfavQmuf ,cifu tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fchJaomfvnf; pepfwus

rSwfwrf;rxm;&Sdaom ae&mwGif aqmufvkyfjcif;rsm;aMumifh xdckdufysufpD;rI rsm;jym; Edkifygonf/

xdkaMumifh aqmufvkyfrnfhae&mudk pepfwus tuJjzwfNyD; aus;vuf jynfolvlxktwGuf

ydkrdktEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;aom jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI? 0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;&ef &nfoeffí

usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif aqmufvkyfrnfhae&mtm; pepfwus

tuJjzwfcsufudk rjzpfrae xnfhoGif;aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/



- 20 -

ab;tEÅ&m,fcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom taqmufttHk 'DZkdif;ykHpHrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;

usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;tm; rlvaqmufvkyfpOfuyif ab;tEÅ&m,ftrsKd;rsKd;udk

cHEdkif&nf&Sdonfh aqmufvkyfa&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk pepfwus rusihfokH;aomtcgwGif

taqmufttHkydkif; cdkifrmrIudk xdcdkufrnfjzpfygonf/ þodkUjzihf taqmufttHkrsm;rSm

obm0ab;rsm;'Pfukd rcHEdkifbJ jzpfwwfygonf/ ,if;pHcsdefpHnTef; oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;twdkif;

xnhfoGif;wnfaqmufygu ukefusp&dwfrSm ododomom rsm;jym;vmvdrfhrnf[k rSm;,Gif;,lq

jcif;rsm;vnf; wpfcgwpf&Hxuf &Sdygonf/ pifppf þuJhodkUowdjyKwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh ykHrSefjyKjyif

xdef;odrf;jcif;udk wGJzufaqmif&Gufygu obm0ab; usa&mufNyD;aemuf taqmufttHkrsm;

tm; jyifqifp&dwf? jyefvnf aqmufvkyf&aom p&dwfrsm;xuf rsm;pGmydkí oufomEdkifygonf/

xkdUtjyif e,fajra'otwGif; xGuf&Sdaom opf? tkwf odkUr[kwf oJESifh ausmufp&pfwdkUudk

t*Fawtpm; tokH;jyKjcif; uJhodkUaom e,fajra'owGif;rS t&nftaoG;jrifhrm;aom ypönf;rsm;

udk tokH;jyKjcif;ESifh e,fajra'owGif;rS tvkyform;rsm;udk ac:,ltokH;jyKjcif;jzifh o,f,l

ydkUaqmifa&; ukefusp&dwfrsm; ododomom avsmhenf; usqif;oGm;NyD; pkpkaygif; ukefusp&dwfrsm;

ydkrdk avsmhenf;oGm;Edkifygonf/ xkdUaMumifh ,if;odkUaom obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkif&nf&Sdonfh 'DZdkif;

ykHpHrsm;udk wnfaqmufjcif;\ pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk vltrsm; od&Sdap&eftwGuf

owif;jzefUjzL;ay;&ef vdktyfygonf/ usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGif

obm0ab; cHEdkif&nf&Sdaom 'DZdkif;ykHpHrsm;udk tokH;jyKa&;twGuf qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfolrsm;xHrS

axmufcHrIrsm;&&Sd&efvnf; vdktyfygonf/

aq;½kHrsm;twGuf obm0ab;BudKwifjyifqifa&; tpDtpOfrsm;

&efukefaq;½kHBuD;uhJodkUaom aq;½kHBuD;rsm;rSvGJí aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif obm0ab;

twGuf BudKwifjyifqifrI&Sda&; tpDtpOfa&;qGJonfh tavhtx enf;yg;ygonf/ usef;rma&;

XmerSm rnfrQyifao;i,fapumrl BudKwifjyifqifonfh tpDtpOfxm;&Sdygu obm0ab;

jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf vGefpGm½IyfaxG;aeaom tcsdefrSmyif z½dkz&JjzpfrI avsmhenf;usqif;oGm;NyD;

pepfwus aqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ xdkUtjyif usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&ef vdktyfcsuf

BuD;rm;aeaom tcsdefwGif usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&Smufonfh 0efaqmifrIrsm; jywfawmufrI

tenf;yg;qkH; jzpfygrnf/

obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;udk odjrifem;vnfrI

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeonf vlrI0efxrf; u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&m csxm;

a&; 0efBuD;XmeESifh yl;aygif;í obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;qdkif&m oifwef;rsm;udk 0efxrf;rsm;tm;

ydkUcsvsuf &Sdaomfvnf; ,if;oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif wufa&mufMuol trsm;pkrSm trsKd;om;

tqifh 0efxrf;rsm; jzpfygonf/ jynfe,f?wdkif;a'oMuD;ESifh jrdKUe,ftqifh&Sd usef;rma&;Xmersm;

rSm obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m taMumif;t&me,fy,fudk &if;ESD;

uRrf;0ifrI enf;yg;ygonf/ &v'ftm;jzihf ¤if;wkdU\ aeUpOf ykHrSefvkyfief;rsm;wGif obm0ab;

aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufaejcif; r&Sdyg/ ydkrdk tEÅ&m,f

uif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;Xmersm;jzpfygu usef;rma&;jyKpk apmifha&SmufrI? 0efaqmifrIrsm; ydkrdkí



- 21 -

aqmif&GufEdkifrnf[lonfh qufpyfrIudk owdrrlrdbJ &SdMuygonf/ obm0ab;rsm; jzpfyGm; onfh

tcsdefumvrsm;wGif e,fajrcHusef;rma&; t&m&Sdrsm;rSm obm0ab;aMumifh xdckdufcH&aom

&yf&Gmrsm;ESifh OD;pGmxdawGUMu&ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh NrdKUe,fusef;rma&;t&m&Sdrsm;tm; obm0ab;

aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;ESifhpyfvsOf;í odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifjcif;jzifh &yf&Gmrsm;twGuf

wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm; &&SdEdkifygonf/

pmpk - 1

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;jzpfyGm;vmygu usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm;wGif usa&mufavh&Sdonfh tEÅ&m,frsm;

1/ taqmufttHkrsm; - aq;½kHrsm;\ obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkifpGrf;onf taqmufttHkrsm;\

wnfae&mESifh owfrSwfcsufrsm; txl;ojzifh 'DZdkif;ESifhywfoufonfh owfrSwfcsufrsm;? tokH;jyKaom

ypönf;rsm;\ cHEdkif&nf&SdrIESifh ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufcH&vG,frIwdkUtay: rlwnfygonf/ ao;i,faom

tpdwftydkif;yifjzpfapumrl taqmufttHkydkif; odkUr[kwf Adokumydkif; tpdwftydkif;wpfckck NydKusjcif;

odkUr[kwf usKd;yhJjcif; jzpfyGm;ygu aiGaMu;ukefusp&dwfrsm;? vlrsm;twGuf xdckdufqkH;½IH;rIrsm;

jzpfyGm;Edkifygonf/

2/ vlemrsm; - usef;rma&;Xmersm;onf aeUpOf (24)em&D zGifhvSpfí 0efaqmifrI ay;Edkifaom pGrf;&nf\

(50%)rQ vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&avh&Sdygonf/ obm0ab; wpfpkHwpf&m usa&mufygu vlem

ta&twGuf wdk;yGm;vmNyD; ¤if;wdkU\ xdcdkufcH&vG,frItqifhvnf; jrifhrm;vmygrnf/ ykHrSefaq;0g;

ukorIvdktyfcsufESifh ta&;ay:tajctaeaMumifh ay:aygufvmaom vdktyfcsufwdkUudk jynfhrDatmif

raqmif&GufEkdifaomaMumifh apmifhqdkif;ae&aom vlemrsm;vnf; ydkrkdrsm;jym;vmygrnf/ aq;½kH aq;cef;

taqmufttHkrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;? tcsdKUtydkif;rsm;udk tEÅ&m,fuif;&modkU ajymif;a&TUxm;&jcif;

odkUr[kwf ysufpD;aejcif;wdkUaMumifh vlemrsm;tm; 0efaqmifrIay;&mwGif avsmhenf;usqif;jcif;

udkvnf; &ifqdkifMu&ygonf/

3/ aq;½kH&Sdukwifrsm; - obm0ab;usa&mufNyD;aemuf xdckduf'Pf&m&½Sdvmaom ta&;ay:vlem

rsm;jym;NyD; aq;½kHwGif ukwifvGwf ykdrdkenf;yg;vmygrnf/

4/ aq;0g;ukorIESifh yhHydk;rI 0efxrf;rsm; - aq;0g;ukorI odkUr[kwf yhHydk;rIay;aom 0efxrf;rsm; qkH;½IH;&

jcif;aMumifh xdcdkuf'Pf&m&olrsm;udk jyKpkapmihfa&Smuf&mwGif t[efYtwm;rsm;pGm jzpfyGm;aMumif;

azmfjy&efyif vdkrnfr[kwfyg/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif wHkUjyefEdkifrIpGrf;&nf rqkH;½IH;ap&ef jyifyrS

aq;0efxrf;rsm;udk acwå,m,D tokH;jyK&ygrnf/ þodkUjzifh pD;yGm;a&; 0efxkyf0efydk; ydkrdkrsm;jym; vmyg

rnf/ wpfcgwpf&H txl;uk q&m0efwpfOD; toufqkH;½IH;&ygu EdkifiHtwGuf obm0ab;aMumifh

jzpfyGm;onfh enf;ynmqdkif&m xdckdufrI rsm;jym;Edkifygonf/

5/ ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifh taqmufttHkrsm; - wpfcgwpf&H taqmufttHkydkif;r[kwfaom tpdwftydkif;

rsm; (Oyrm- ypönf;ud&d,m? y&dabm*? Adokumydkif; oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;ESifh aq;0g;ypönf;rsm;)

xdckdufysufpD;jcif;onf tvGefrsm;jym;NyD; taqmufttHkydkif; xdckdufysufpD;rI ukefusp&dwfxuf

ausmfvGefEkdifygonf/ xdcdkufysufpD;rIrSm aiGaMu;yrmPtm;jzifh rrsm;jym;onhfwdkif aq;½kHydwf&onf



- 22 -

txd jzpfEkdifygonf/

6/ r½Sdrjzpf vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; - aq;½kHrsm;onf vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf t"du

ta&;ygaom 0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh tjcm;tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm;udk tm;udk;tm;xm; jyK&ygonf/ Oyrm-

vQyfppf"mwftm;? a&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;? qufoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;rsm;? qufoG,fa&;?

pGefUypfypönf; pDrHcefUcGJjcif;ESifh pGefUypfjcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;Xmersm; tm;vkH;wGif jyifytay:

rDScdk&jcif; r&Sdaom ta&;ay:okH; 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk tNrJwap t&efxm;&SdMuonf r[kwfyg/

obm0ab;aMumifh tcsKdUaom 0efaqmifrIrsm; ysufpD;aomtcgwGif aq;½kHwpfckvkH;\ vkyfief;

aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk xdckdufEdkifygonf/

&nfnTef;csuf - Protecting New Health Facilities from Natural Disasters: Guidelines for the Promotion of Disaster

Mitigation (2003) Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO).

2-3 ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepf jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; aMumif;usdK;azmfjycsuf

usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;onf &yf&GmwGif ta&;ygaom taqmufttHkrsm; jzpfonf

[k ,lqygonf/ usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;½kHrQru &yf½Gm\ cHEkdif&nf&SdrIudk

jyefvnfí wnfaqmufay;ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;

Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk rjzpfrae xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/

usef;rma&;u@wGif umv&Snf obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;twGuf aqmif&Gufjcif;

tEÅ&m,fydkrdkuif;&Sif;aom aqmufvkyfa&;enf;vrf;onf usef;rma&;XmetaqmufttHkrsm;

aqmufvkyfonfh ukefusp&dwfudk wdk;jrifhapEdkifaomfvnf; ukefusp&dwfESifh EdIif;pmvQif

umv&SnfwGif xda&mufrI&Sdjcif;aMumifh oGif;tm;pkrsm;udk taumif;qkH; toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfygonf/ WHO avhvmcsuf wpfckt& tEÅ&m,f enf;yg;oufomaprIudk &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;jzifh aq;½kH

\ taqmufttHkydkif; cdkifrmrIudk wdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmifxm;ygu pkpkaygif; aqmufvkyf a&;

ukefusp&dwfrsm;rSm (1%)rS (2%) xuf ydkrdkí rukefusonfudk awGU&Sd&ygonf/3

rlvtpDtpOfwGif ryg0ifonfh xyfrH jznfhpGufaqmufvkyfjcif;aMumifh r&nf&G,fbJ tEÅ&m,f

usa&mufrI rsm;jym;vmEdkifojzifh ,if;odkU xyfrHjznfhpGufaqmifvkyfrIrsm;udk rjyKvkyfjcif;?

wenf;tm;jzifh tEÅ&m,frsm;udk jyefvnfí zefwD;rdapEkdifonfh jznfhpGufaqmifvkyfrIrsm;udk

a½Smif½Sm;jcif;/

jynfolUb@m oHk;pGJ&rIudk avQmhcsjcif;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u usef;rma&;Xme

taqmufttHkrsm;udk pDrHtkyfcsKyfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh usef;rma&;Xmersm;tay: xdcdkufrIonf

vlxk\ tvkyfvkyfEdkifonfh pGrf;&nfudkom xdckdufjcif;r[kwfbJ ¤if;wdkUudk jyefvnfjyifqif&onfh

ukefusp&dwfaMumifh jynfolUb@mtm; avsmhenf;apygonf/

obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh vkyfief;tpDtpOf

aqmif&Guf&mwGif tcsdefMumjrifhrS wpfcg jzpfyGm;wwfonfh ab;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;

Disaster Risk Reduction and Preparedness for Health Facilities, World Health Organisation, Japan.



- 23 -

&moDOwktajymif;tvJaMumifh aemiftcgwGif rdk;av0oESifh a&vTrf;rdk;rI ab;rsm; jyif;xef

vmEdkifjcif;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;NyD; ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif BudKwifjyifqifxm;jcif;

ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif aq;½kHrsm;onf vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifrI qufvufxdef;odrf;

xm;Edkif&ef pDpOfjcif;

2-4 aus;vufa'orsm;wGif ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfrsm; wnfaqmuf&ef

tcGifhtvrf;rsm;

obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m t&Sdeft[kef

em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifNyD;p jzpfaomaMumifh tusKd;pD;yGm; yg0if

ywfoufolrsm;\ odjrifem;vnfrI jrihfrm;NyD; tav;teuf wm0ef,laqmif&GufrIrsm;vnf;

&Sdygonf/ ,if;tcsufudk tokH;jyKí usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf tm;aumif;aom rl0g'ESifh r[mAsL[m

tpDtrHrsm;udk aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;rwdkifrD ESpfumv

rsm;pGmuyif EdkifiHwumESifh jynfwGif; tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh eD;uyfpGm yl;aygif;

aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh umvMumjrihfpGmuyif usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmexHrS yhHydk;rI

&SdaMumif; odjrifEdkifygonf/ obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnhfoGif;aygif;pyf

aqmif&Gufa&; BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIrsm;wGif trsdK;om;obm0ab; umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; A[dk

aumfrwDuhJodkUaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ axmufcHrI&&Sda&;udk pnf;½kH;vIHUaqmfjcif;jzifh EdkifiHtwGif;

usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrIpepfrsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef aqmif&Guf&mwGif aiGaMu;yhHydk;rIESifh

tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS axmufcHrIwdkUudk &&SdEdkifygonf/

nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufrIwdk;jr§ifhjcif;

usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh vkyfief;qufoG,faqmif&Gufaom tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf

em*pfrkefwdkif; rwdkifrDuyif qufpyfaqmif&GufrIrsm;&SdNyD; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIudk

wnfaqmufNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; usef;rma&;u@ vkyfief;rsm;rSm

xda&mufNyD; vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItay: wm0efcHí vkyfaqmifEdkifchJygonf/ em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnf

xlaxmifa&; umvtwGif;wGif pwifwnfaxmifchJaom MudKwifowday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefjcif;pepf

EWARS onf tcsuftvufrsm; rQa0&ef wm0ef,l aqmif&GufMuaom tpdk;&r[kwfaom

tzGJUtpnf;rsm; tm;vkH;twGuf owif;ESifh tcsuftvuf &&Sd&m wpfckwnf;aom t&if;tjrpf

jzpfvmygonf/ xkdUtjyif usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeonf usef;rma&; tpktzGJU tpnf;ta0;rsm;odkY

wufa&mufNyD; tpktzGJUvkyfief;rsm;udk w&m;0if axmufcH yhHydk;rIay;jcif;aMumifh uGif;qif;vkyfief;

tqifh nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfaqmif&Gufa&; tpDtrHrsm;udk ulnDyhHydk;EdkifchJygonf/ em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;

jyefvnf xlaxmifa&;umvtwGif; &&SdchJaom ydkrdkjrifhrm;onhf nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufrI

tay:wGif tajccHvsuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;ESifh

zGHUNzdK;a&; ynm&Sifrsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufrIjzifh ydkrkdjrifhrm;aom vkyfief;rsm;udk taumif

txnf azmfEdkifygrnf/



- 24 -

aemufxyft&if;tjrpfrsm;udk &,ltokH;jyKEdkifjcif;

em*pfrkefwdkif;wdkufcwfNyD;aemufydkif;wGif EdkifiHwumrS yhHydk;rIrsm; ydkrdk&&Sdvmonfh t"du tusKd;aus;Zl;

wpf&yfrSm tcsKdUaom tvSL&Sifrsm;u rl0g'csrSwfNyD; u,fq,fa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&; &efykHaiGxJrS

&mcdkifEIef;owfrSwfNyD; obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;twGuf tokH;jyKjcif;jzpfygonf/

usef;rma&;? BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh tEÅ&m,fenf;yg;oufomapa&;? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;wdkYudk aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf þ&efykHaiGrS toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ xdkUtjyif EdkifiHwGif;

&&SdEdkifaom enf;ynmqdkif&m t&if;tjrpfrsm;? Oyrm- ta&;ay: jynfolYusef;rma&;ESifh obm0ab;

avsmhyg;a&;ponfwdkUqdkif&m EdkifiHwumuRrf;usifolrsm; &Sdaejcif;onfvnf; ydkrdktEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;

aom aq;½kHrsm; jzpfapa&; t,ltqrsm;udk jr§ifhwifay;Edkifygonf/

2-5 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf

aqmif½Guf&mwGif MuHKawGU&onfh pdefac:rIrsm;

obm0ab;aMumifhqHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;ESifh tajccHusef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk odjrifem;vnfrI

ydkrdkaumif;rGefapjcif;

ta&;wBuD;ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfaom pdefac:rI(2)&yfrSm usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;taejzifh

obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif&Gufjcif;\ tusKd;aus;Zl;

rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufrI wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&efESifh obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm;taejzifh tajccHusef;rma&;vkyfief; vdktyfcsuf

rsm;udk ydkrdkí em;vnfoabmayguf&ef wdkYjzpfygonf/ ta&;ay: vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk

t[efUtwm; rjzpfap&ef usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI taqmufttHkrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI

ydkif; cdkifrmrIESifh taqmufttHkydkif; cdkifrmrI ESpf&yfpvkH;udk aqmufvkyfa&;u@taejzifh nDwlnDrQ

tav;teufxm; aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ xdkUaMumifh obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk

xnhfoGif;aygif;pyf raqmif&GufrD aqmufvkyfa&; tpDtpOfa&;qGJolrsm;ESifh obm0ab;aMumifh

qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m uRrf;usifolrsm;onf usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkwpfck\ tajccH

vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk od&SdNyD; usef;rma&;taqmufttHkwpfck 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwfonfhtqifhrSmyif ,if;udpö

rsm;udk xnfhoGif;Edkif&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/

usef;rma&;Xmersm;twGuf ukefusp&dwfjrifhrm;jcif;

usef;rma&;Xmersm;udk aqmufvkyf&mwGif EdkifiHwum pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifhtnD aqmufvkyfrnfqdkygu

omreftm;jzifh ukefusp&dwf rsm;jym;ygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif bwf*suftuefUtowfrsm;aMumifh

xdkukefusp&dwfrsm;udk uscH&ef rvkHavmufrIrsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifygonf/ t&nftaoG;xuf

ta&twGufudk t"duxm;&jcif;aMumifh ukefusp&dwf rsm;jym;aom taqmufttHk tenf;i,f

aqmufvkyfjcif;xuf ukefusp&dwfenf;yg;aom taqmufttHk trsm;tjym; aqmufvkyf&ef

jzpfEkdifajc ydkrdkrsm;jym;ygonf/ odkU&mwGif obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkifonfh oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk *½kjyKí

xnhfoGif;xm;&SdNyD; e,fajra'owGif;rS ypönf;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh cdkifrmaom



- 25 -

usef;rma&; taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmuf&onfh ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk avQmhcsEdkifrnfhtjyif

e,fajra'owGif; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk wpfygwnf; tm;ay;&m a&mufygonf/

usef;rma&;ESifhqufpyfaeonfh tjcm;u@rsm;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;

usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfjcif;tm;

jr§ifhwifaqmif&Guf&mü t"duxm;&rnfh vkyfief;rSm usef;rma&;Xmersm; (taqmufttHkrsm;)onf

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vmonfhtcgwGif ydkrdkí cHEdkif&nf&Sd&ef odkUr[kwf ta&;ay: tajctae

rsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqif&mwGif usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;tm; taxmuftuljyK&ef jzpfygonf/

tjcm;aom usef;rma&;ESifh qufpyfaeonfh u@rsm; Oyrm- tm[m&jynfh0rI? a&ESifh ywf0ef;usif

oefU&Sif;a&;wdkUESifh csdwfqufrIrsm;udk wpfcgwpf&H tm½kHjyKrI enf;yg;wwfygonf/ obm0ab;

usa&mufaom tajctaewGif tqdkygu@rsm;twGuf tcsdefrD ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;r&Sdygu

odkUr[kwf vspfvsL½Ixm;ygu qifhyGm; usef;rma&;qdkif&m ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifygonf/

xdkUaMumifh obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufonfh

vkyfief;tpDtpOf tm;vkH;wGif tqdkygu@rsm; tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&;? usef;rma&;ESifhpyfvsOf;í

obm0ab;'Pfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sdapa&; pDpOfaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/



- 26 -

½



- 27 -

obm0ab;rsm;jzpfyGm;vQif zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk xdcdkufaMumif; aocsmpGm od&Sdem;vnfMuNyD;

jzpfygonf/ zGHUNzdK;a&; atmifjrifrIrsm; qkH;½IH;&½HkrQru zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; vkyfief;opfrsm;twGuf

toHk;jyKrnfh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk obm0ab; wHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf vTJajymif;

tokH;jyK&ojzifh zGHUNzdK;a&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; qkH;½IH;&ygonf/ xdkUtjyif pepfwustpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;

r½SdbJ zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;aMumifh xdcdkufcH&vG,frIudk jrifhrm;apNyD; ydkrdkí

tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEkdifygonf/ obm0ab;jzpfyGm;aepOftwGif; usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIrsm; ysufjym;

ygu qifhyGm;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifjcif;aMumifh obm0ab;wHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifrI

wGif usef;rma&;u@onf t"du ta&;BuD;ygonf/

atmufazmfjyyg tpDtrHrsm;udk aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh

qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk aygif;pnf;xnfhoGif;jcif;aMumifh aemiftcgwGif toufqkH;½IH;rIESifh

ydkifqdkifypönf; ysufpD;qkH;½IH;rIwdkU avsmhenf;usqif;ap&ef wm;qD;umuG,fEdkifygonf/

usef;rma&;u@taqmufttHkrsm;udk obm0ab;'PfcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;

xnhfoGif; aqmufvkyfjcif;ESifh tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyifjcif;

a&? ywf0ef;usif oefU&Sif;a&;ESifh wpfudk,f&nfoefU&Sif;a&; qdkif&mrsm;udk aqmufvkyf&mwGif

ab;'Pf cHEdkif&nf&Sda&;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;

pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh odjrifem;vnfrIjr§ifhwifjcif;

aq;½kHrsm;wGif BudKwifjyifqifa&; tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJxm;jcif;

u@tm;vkH;wGif &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd xdcdkufcH&tvG,fqkH; tkyfpkrsm;jzpfaom uav;oli,frsm;?

trsKd;orD;rsm;? oufBuD;&G,ftkdrsm;? ½kyfydkif;ESifhpdwfydkif; roefrpGrf;olrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk

xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&ygrnf/

pmpk – 2

]ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½kHjzpfapa&;} t,ltqoabmw&m;qdkif&m xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef

tcsufrsm;

(u) tajccHtaqmuftOD½Iaxmifh

vlUtoufrsm;? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;? vkyfief; aqmif&GufEdkifrIwdkUudk umuG,fapmihfa&SmufrItqifh

tm; wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;jzifh xdcdkufcHvG,frIudk avsmhenf;usqif;apjcif;

taqmufttHktopfrsm;wGif tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI enf;yg;oufomapa&; vdkufem

aqmif&Gufjcif;?

&Sd&if;taqmufttHkrsm;udk tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyif&mwGif aiGaMu;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI rsm;jym;Edkifyg

onf/ odkU&mwGif tEÅ&m,frsm;udkvspfvsL½Ixm;jcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmEdkifonfh aiGaMu;qHk;½IH;rI?

toufqkH;½IH;rI? vlrIa&;qdkif&mjyefvnfxlaxmifrIwdkUrSm ydkrdkrsm;jym;Edkifygonf/

(c) vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI½Iaxmifh

tEÅ&m,frsm;udk enf;yg;oufomapjcif;ESifh tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;rIudk xdef;csKyfjcif;twGuf BudKwif



- 28 -

jyifqifNyD;jzpfjcif;

ta&;ay:tajctaersm;aMumifh aemufxyf0efaqmifrIrsm; rarQmfvifhbJ vdktyfvQif pepfwus

xda&mufpGm wHkUjyef&ef toifhjzpfjcif;?

(*) jynfolY usef;rma&;t& t"dyÜm,foufa&mufrIrsm;

• aq;0g;ukorIESifh wm;qD;umuG,fa&;qdkif&m 0efaqmifrIrsm;ay;jcif;

• jynfolYusef;rma&;twGuf "gwfcGJcef;rsm; zGifhvSpfxm;&Sday;jcif;

• a&m*g&SmazGjcif;? wm;qD;umuG,fjcif;ESifh xdef;csKyfjcif;udk taxmuftuljyKjcif;

• ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm;udk MudKwifowday;jcif;

• jynfolYusef;rma&;ynmay;onfh t&if;tjrpfXmejzpfjcif;

• okawoeXmersm;jzpfjcif;

(C) vlrIa&;-EdkifiHa&;t& t"dyÜm,foufa&mufrIrsm;

• aq;½kHrsm;onf aumif;rGefaom aq;0g;ukorIudk jznfhqnf;ay;½kHrQru tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,f

aom vlemrsm;\ tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;udkvnf; aqmif&Gufay;&ef vlxku arQmfvifhygonf/

• aq;½kHrsm;odkY tm;udk;wBuD; a&mufvmMuaom vlemrsm;rSm wpfaeYvQif (24)em&DywfvHk;

&SdaeMurnf jzpfygonf/ aq;½kHysufpD;ygu pdwfcHpm;rIydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufrIaMumifh pdwf"mwf

usqif;jcif;? rvkHNcHKrIESifh vlrIa&; rwnfrNidrfrIrsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifygonf/

(i) pD;yGm;a&;t& t"dyÜm,foufa&mufrIrsm;

• tqifhjrihfaq;½kHwpf½kH zGifhvSpfaqmif&Guf&ef &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI trsm;tjym; vdktyfygonf/ aq;½kH

ysufpD;oGm;ygu vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGuf pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m 0efxkyf0efydk;BuD;wpf&yf jzpfapygonf/

• aq;½kHaq;cef;trsm;pkwGif taqmufttHkydkif;r[kwfaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;\ ukefusp&dwfrSm

taqmufttHktwGuf ukefusp&dwfxuf rsm;jym;ygonf/

• aq;½kHysufpD;oGm;ygu uGif;qif;aq;½kHrsm;uhJodkUaom ,m,Daq;½kHaq;cef;rsm;jzifh

tpm;xdk;Edkifrnf r[kwfyg/

• aq;0g;ukorI 0efaqmifrIrsm; r&Sdygu pD;yGm;a&;ESifh tjcm;vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfxlaxmifonfh

vkyfief;pOfudk xdckdufygrnf/

t&if;tjrpf - avhusihfoifwef; oifcef;pmpk 1 - tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom aq;½kHrsm;t,ltq? WHO

3-1 usef;rma&;aq;½Hkaq;cef;rsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&ef pOf;pm;jcif;

t&nftaoG;jrihfrm;aom usef;rma&;jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrIrSm tvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/ tajccH

usef;rma&;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifaom vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm; xm;&Sd&eftwGuf cdkifrm

aom taqmufttHkr&SdbJ t&nftaoG;jrihfrm;aom usef;rma&;jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrIudk jznfhqnf;

ay;&ef jzpfEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdUaMumihf usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm; aqmufvkyf&mü obm0

ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;qdkif&m tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk xnhfoGif;aqmufvkyf&ef vdktyf

ygonf/



- 29 -

3-1-1 taqmufttHkwnfae&m^ aqmufvkyfrnfhae&m tuJjzwfjcif;

aus;vufa'orsm;wGif usef;rma&;qdkif&mtaqmufttHk aqmufvkyf&ef aemufqkH;qkH;jzwfcsuf

rcsrD taumif;qkH;&v'frsm; &&SdEdkif&ef pmtkyfpmwrf; rSwfwrf;rsm; zwf½IavhvmNyD; okawoe

jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh uGif;qif;ppfwrf; aumuf,ljcif;rsm;udk aygif;pyfaqmif&Gufí tqdkjyKxm;aom

ae&ma'o? jzpfyGm;Edkifaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh xdcdkufcH&vG,frIrsm;udk twdtus azmfxkwf&ef

ta&;BuD; ygonf/ taqmufttHk aqmufvkyf&ef ae&ma&G;cs,f&mü t"du xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh

tcsuftcsKdUrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygonf/

a&vTrf;rdk;wwfaom e,fajra'owGif tjrifhqkH;wufonfha&rSwf Highest Plinth Level udk

azmfxkwfNyD; xdka&rSwfxuf ydkrdkjrihfonhfae&mudk a&G;cs,f&ygrnf/ odkUr[kwf xdka&rSwfxuf

jrihfaom tkwfckHay:wGif taqmufttHkudk wnfaqmuf&ygrnf/

ajrvTm\ blrdaA'ydkif; oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ txl;ojzifh ajrvTm

trsKd;tpm;? tpdk"mwfyg0ifrI ponfwdkUjzpfygonf/

ivsifvIyfavh&Sdaom e,fajra'owGif jywfa&GUaMumtxuf odkUr[kwf jywfa&GUaMumteD;wGif

usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;udk aqmufvkyfjcif;tm; a&Smif&Sm;&ygrnf/

taqmufttHkudk awmifxlxyfaom e,fajra'owGif aqmufvkyfrnfqdkygu awmifapmif;

NydKusjcif;^ajrNydKjcif; ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&eftwGuf awmifapmif;\ wnfNidrfrIudk

xnhfoGif; pOf;pm;&ygrnf/

urf;½dk;wef;a'orsm;jzpfygu ,cifjzpfyGm;chJaom qlemrDa&vdIif;ESifh rkefwdkif;'Da& tjrihfqkH;

wufcJhzl;onfh tjrifhudk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf/

ywf0ef;usife,fajra'orsm;\ ajrrsufESmoGifjyifESihf opfawmaygufa&mufrIwdkUudk xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ ywf0ef;usifwGif opfawmxlxyfpGm aygufa&mufaeygu avumtjzpf

umuG,fay;EkdifNyD; jrpf0Srf;rsm;rSm ajyjypfpGm avQmqif;aeygu uawmhozG,f avwdkufEIef;udk

wdk;jrifhapEdkifygonf/

teD;tem; ywf0ef;usifwGif "mwkaA'ypönf;? rD;avmifvG,faomypönf; odkUr[kwf ab;

tEÅ&m,f jzpfyGm;Edkifaom ypönf;rsm; odkavSmifxm;&Sdjcif; uJhodkUaom pufrIenf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m

ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;Edkifonfh tvm;tvmudk pl;prf;avhvm&ygrnf/ aq;½kHwGif

rvdktyfaom aemufxyftEÅ&m,frsm; rusa&mufap&ef teD;tem;wGif vQyfppf"mwftm;xkwf

puf½kH? pufrIZkefwdkU ½Sdr½Sdudkvnf; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&ygrnf/

NcHKikHíazmfjy&ygu usef;rma&;taqmufttHktopf aqmufvkyf&efae&ma&G;cs,f&mwGif usef;rma&;

0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;EdkifrIESifh vdktyfcsuf? ukefusp&dwfESifh EIdif;pmvQif xda&mufrI½Sda&;

wdkUudk rlwnfí tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&;ESifh usa&mufavh&Sdaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? xdckdufcH&

EdkifrItqifh? oGm;a&muf&ef vG,fulrIwdkUudk aygif;pyfcsdefxdk;í pOf;pm;&ygrnf/



- 30 -

3-1-2 obm0ab;'PfcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm; aygif;pnf;xnfhoGif;jcif;

]aq;½kH\ t"duvkyfief;aqmif&Guf&rnfhae&mrsm;ESifh tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk aqmufvkyf&mwGif OD;wnf

&nf&G,faom vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifrI tjrifhqkH;tqifh\ (3)ykH (2)ykHudk qufvuf vkyfaqmifEdkifap

&ef pDrHxm;oifhaMumif; (qdkvdkonfrSm vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIydkif;udk umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI &Sdapa&;)?

usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkopfrsm;udk aqmufvkyf&mü tenf;qkH;tm;jzifh touftEÅ&m,f

rjzpfapa&; yxrtqifhumuG,fapmihfa&SmufrI jynfhrD&rnfjzpfaMumif;} PAHO/WHO u

tBuHjyKxm;ygonf/4

owfrSwfxm;aom tEÅ&m,fusa&mufrI tqifhudk ckcHumuG,fEdkifonfh

taqmufttHk tao;pdwftcsufrsm;udk 'DZdkif;ykHpHwGif yg0ifap&ef jzpfygonf/ atmufygtwdkif;

aqmufvkyf&ef txl;tBuHjyKygonf/

• ab;tEÅ&m,fwpfck odkUr[kwf ESpfckudkomvQif cHEdkif&nf&Sdap&ef &nf&G,fí 'DZkdif;ykHpH

xkwfrnfhtpm; ab;tEÅ&m,ftrsm;tjym;udk cHEdkif&nf&Sdaprnfh oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;tm;

tokH;jyKí aqmufvkyfoifhygonf/ tajccHoGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;rSm eH&Hrsm; tm;aumif;jcif;?

wdkifrsm;udk ab;bufa'gufrsm;jzifh csKyfxm;jcif;? acgifrkd;rsm; tm;aumif;ap&eftwGuf

xkwf?avQmuf?'dkif;vTm;rsm;udk tm;jznfhay;xm;jcif;? jywif;aygufrsm;? wHcg;rsm;uhJodkUaom

taygufrsm; ywfvnfwGif tm;jznfhxm;jcif;? tkwfjrpfcdkifrmapjcif; (ajrvTmtrsKd;tpm;?

taqmufttHktwGif; xm;½Sdrnfh 0ef? tav;csdefwdkUtay:wGif rlwnfí tkwfjrpf

\ teufudk wGufcsuf&ygrnf)? tm;jznfhxm;aom wdkifrsm;ESifh wef;rsm;? cdkifrmaom

tqufrsm; (txl;ojzihf wdkifrsm;ESifh wef;rsm; awGUqkH&mwGif cdkifrm&ef vdktyfygonf)

jzpfygonf/

• a&ESifh oefU&Sif;a&; tpDtrHrsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGifvnf; ab;tEÅ&m,fcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom

'DZdkif;ykHpHrsm;udk taxGaxGtaqmufttHk aqmufvkyfonfh 'DZdkif;ykHpH\ wpfpdwfwpfa'o

tjzpf tokH;jyK&ygrnf/

• &moDOwktajymif;tvJudk &ifqdkifEdkif&ef xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;í aqmufvkyf&ygrnf/ Oyrm

rdk;a& cH,lpkaqmif;onfh tpDtrHrsm;? tjcm;a&G;cs,fEdkifaom pGrf;tif (aepGrf;tifESifh

avpGrf;tif)? t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh av0ifavxGuf aumif;apaom 'DZdkif;rsm;uJhodkUaom

obm0ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufapaom tjcm;oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;

aqmufvkyfjcif; jzpfygonf/

• e,fajra'otwGif;rS &&Sdaom aqmufvkyfa&;ypönf;rsm;ESifh uRrf;usifolrsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;

jzihfvnf; e,fajrcHpD;yGm;a&;udk jyefvnftm;aumif;vmapEkdifygonf/ odkU&mwGif rvdktyfbJ

tEÅ&m,frsm; jyefvnfray:aygufap&ef tokH;jyKaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk *½kwpdkuf

t&nftaoG; ppfaq;&ygrnf/ e,fajra'owGif;rS t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk tvGeftuRH xkwf,l

okH;pJGjcif; r&Sd&efvnf; owdjyK&ygrnf/

Guidelines for vulnerability reduction in the design of new health facilities (2004) World Health Organization (WHO), Pan-

American Health Organization (PAHO) and Provention Consortium, the World Bank Group.



- 31 -

;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeonf aq;½kH? usef;rma&;Xme? aus;vufusef;rma&; XmeESifh wGJzufaus;vuf

usef;rma&;XmewdkUtwGuf pHowfrSwffcsufrsm;ESifh 'DZdkif;ykHpHrsm; owfrSwf xm;&SdNyD;jzpfygonf/

atmufwGif 'DZdkif;yHkrsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/

nmbufab;rS jrif&yHk

a½SUbufrS jrif&yHk

jzwfydkif;yHk u-u



- 32 -

pmpk - 3

rav;&Sm;EdkifiH MERCY Malaysia tzGJU\ ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom aq;½kH'DZdkif;ykHpH

rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrS MERCY Malaysia tzGJUonf usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh yl;aygif;í {&m0wDwdkif;

½Sd qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;aMumihf xdcdkufcH&aom e,fajra'orsm;wGif wGJzufaus;vufusef;rma&;

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rkefwdkif;ESifh a&vTrf;rdk;jcif; ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; avQmhcsa&;twGuf tpdwftydkif;rsm; yg0ifygonf/

taqmufttHk\ t"duoGifjyifvu©PmrSm qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;ESifh ivsif'PfcHEdkif&nf&Sda&;twGuf

(16) rDvDrDwmtxl&Sd tm;jznfhpwD;wdkifrsm; xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ydkrdkícHEdkif&nf&Sd

ap&eftwGuf axmifhcsKd;í csKyfxm;aom a'gufrsm; wyfqifxm;ygonf/ taqmufttHk

ywfvnfwGif pvyfjym;wpfydkif; trdk;udk rdk;xm;ygonf/ þodkUjzifh vQyfwpfjyufa&vTrf;rdk;onfhtcg

wGif tqdkygtrdk;üvltrsm; cdkvIHEdkifrnfjzpfNyD; rdk;a&vnf; pkaqmif;Edkifygrnf/

&nfñTef;csuf - Contract Document for Reconstruction of 16-bed Hospital in Kyone Da Village, Dadeye,

Ayeyarwaddy (2009) MERCY Malaysia.

tvm;wlyif aq;½Hk\ aq;0g;ukorI tpdwftydkif;rsm; tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;udkvnf; tm½kHpdkuf

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r½Sdaom eH&Hrsm;? Murf;cif;rsm;? rsufESmusufrsm;? tjcm;tcif;rsm; odkUr[kwf tacsmowf aqmif&Guf

rIrsm;)? ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifh taqmufttHkwGif; wyfqifypönf;rsm; (vQyfppfpufypönf;pepfrsm;?

jzwfydkif;yHk u-u



- 33 -

aq;0g; ukorIESifh vufawGUprf;oyfcef;okH;ypönf;rsm;? y&dabm*rsm;)? 0efaqmifrIrsm; odkUr[kwf

ta&;ygaom ay;oGif;rI vrf;aMumif;rsm;jzpfygonf/ aq;½kHrsm; jzpfygu taqmufttHk

\ pkpkaygif;ukefusp&dwf (80%) eD;yg;rSm aq;0g;ukorIqkdif&m tpdwftydkif;rsm;twGuf ukefusjcif;

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onf/

½kyfydkif;? vlrIa&;ydkif;ESifh usm;-r tcef;u@ vdktyfcsufudkvnf; jznfhqnf;aqmif&Gufay;

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rSm apmifhqdkif;onfhtcef;rsm;udk us,fus,f0ef;0ef;xm;&Sday;jcif;ponfwdkU jzpfygonf/)

ypönf;ud&d,mESifh y&dabm*rsm; avQmusjcif;aMumifh xdcdkufrdNyD; 'kwd,tqifh ab;

tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifojzifh ¤if;wdkUudk cdkifchHpGm csdwfwG,fxm;&ef vdktyfygonf/

aq;0g;rsm;ESifhypönf;ud&d,mrsm;? *sifea&wmrsm; uhJodkUaom vQyfppf"mwftm;xkwfpufrsm;

twGuf xm;&Sd&efae&mrsm; vdktyfcsufudk pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ ¤if;wdkYudk oD;oefUae&mwGif



- 34 -

xm;&Sdjcif;jzifh cef;rrsm;twGif; avQmufvrf;aumf&pf'grsm;ü rvdktyfbJ ydwfqdkUraebJ

aygufuGJí aemufxyfxdcdkuftEÅ&m,f jzpfapEdkifaomypönf;rsm;ESifh xdawGUrIudk avQmhcs

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rsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGif pwifcsdefrS NyD;qkH;csdeftxd oufqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u t"du

BuD;Muyfaqmif&Gufygonf/ em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;wGif rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrS

MERCY Malaysia tzGJU\ aq;½kHaqmufvkyfonfh pDrHcsufü apmifhMunfhppfaq;aom tpktzGJU

rsm;wGif NrKdUe,ftmPmydkifrsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;zGJUpnf;xm;ygonf/ þodkUaqmif&Gufjcif;jzihf

t&nftaoG;udk xdef;csKyfEdkif½Hkomru &yf&Gm\ vufcHrIudkyg &&Sdygonf/

pmpk – 4

]obm0ab;rsm;rS ab;uif;vHkjcHKaomaq;½kH} qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/

]]aq;½kH}} qdkonfrSm t&G,ftpm; tBuD;tao;ra&G; NrdKUjy odkUr[kwf aus;vufa'owGif wnf½Sd

onfh acwfrDtqifhjrifh aq;0g;ukorIXme odkUr[kwf tajccHjyKpkapmifha&SmufrIXmersm; ponfjzifh

usef;rma&;Xme tm;vkH; yg0ifygonf/ atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh udkufnDaom aq;½kHonf

obm0ab;rsm; jzpfyGm;aomtcg tEÅ&m,fuif;rnf jzpfygonf/

obm0ab;rsm;jzpfyGm;aomtcgwGif ysufpD;NydKusjcif;r&Sd/ xkdUaMumihf vlemrsm;ESifh

0efxrf;rsm; toufqkH;½IH;jcif; odkUr[kwf xdcdkuf'Pf&m&jcif;r&Sdyg/

ta&;ay: 0efaqmifrIrsm; tvdktyfqkH;tcsdefwGif jznfhqnf;ay;EdkifNyD; vkyfief;rsm;udk

qufvuf aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/

arQmfrSef;rxm;aom udpö&yfrsm;twGuf tpDtpOfa&;qGJxm;ygonf/ aumif;pGm avhusihf

oifwef; ay;xm;aom usef;rma&;vkyfom;tiftm;pk&Sdygonf/ ta&;ay: tajctaersm;

wGif jzpfyGm;vmonfh usef;rma&;qdkif&m tusKd;qufrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef toifh&SdNyD;

udkifwG,fajz&Sif;EdkifpGrf;vnf; &Sdygonf/



- 35 -

ajymif;vJrIudk jzpfapEdkifonfh vkyfief;tqifh (10) &yf

1/ obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;onf usef;rma&;ESifh qufpyfaom jyóemrsm;jzpfaMumif;ESifh

usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIrsm; qufvufí aqmif&Gufay;&rnfjzpfaMumif; todtrSwfjyKjcif;

2/ aq;½kHrsm;udk tpDtpOfa&;qGJNyD; 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwfonfhtqifhrS tpjyKí ueOD;uyif obm0

ab;'PfcHEdkif&nf&Sdap&ef pDpOfjcif;

3/ tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom aqmufvkyfa&;pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh owfrSwfpHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk

rlMurf;a&;qGJí Oya'jyKNyD; vdkufemap&ef ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif;

4/ tajccHtEÅ&m,frsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif;jzifh &Sd&if;usef;rma&; 0efaqmifrIrsm;tay: tEÅ&m,f

usa&mufvG,frI enf;yg;apjcif;

5/ trsKd;om;tqifh qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfolrsm;tMum;wGif odjrifem;vnfrIjr§ifhwifjcif;

6/ aq;½kHta&;ay:tpDtpOfESifh arQmfrSef;rxm;aomudpö&yfrsm;twGuf tpDtpOf

a&;qGJxm;&Sdjcif;

7/ ta&;ay:tajctae usef;rma&;vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf

usef;rma&;vkyfom;tiftm;pkudk avhusihfxm;jcif;

8/ aoG;vSLbPfrsm;? vufawGUprf;oyfcef;rsm;? ypönf;rsm;odkavSmifonfh *dka'gifrsm;?

qufoG,fa&;tajccH taqmuftODponfh usef;rma&;0efaqmifrI uGef&ufwpfckvkH;udk

umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;

9/ ta&;ygaom usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef

rnfodkUaqmif&GufEkdifaMumif; avhvmxm;&Sdjcif;

10/ obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;wGif &yf&Gmrsm;udk wGef;tm;ay;aom ae&mrS

yg0ifaqmif&Gufapjcif;

&nfnTef;csuf - Hospitals Safe from Disasters: Reduce Risk, Protect Health Facilities, Save Lives. World Health

Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia (WHO-SEARO)

3-2 usef;rma&;aq;½Hk^aq;cef;rsm;udk tm;jznfhjyKjyif&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;tm; xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif½Gufjcif;

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &Sd&if;usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHktrsm;pkrSm aqmufvkyfcJhpOfu obm0ab;

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;rI enf;yg;ygonf/ xkdUaMumihf usef;rma&;

Xme taqmufttHkrsm;\ taqmufttHkydkif;ESifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIydkif;wdkYwGif tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;

ap&eftwGuf &Sd&if;aus;vuftaqmufttHkrsm;udk aemiftcgwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufEdkifrI

enf;yg;EdkiforQ enf;yg;apa&; tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyif&ef vdktyfygonf/ yxraqmif&Guf&rnfh

vkyfief;rSm tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrItqifhrsm; azmfxkwfEdkifa&;twGuf aphpyfaocsmpGm tuJjzwf&ef

jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;taqmufttHk 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwfonfh uRrf;usifolrsm;? tif*sifeD,mrsm;?

Adokumrsm;ESihf aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfom;rsm;? ta&;ay:tajctae usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;

yg0ifaom tpktzGJUu tuJjzwfcsufudk aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfygonf/ ,if;tpktzGJUtaejzifh



- 36 -

taqmufttHkydkif; csdKU,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm;udk azmfxkwf&efomru taqmufttHkydkif;r[kwfaom

vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIydkif; csdKU,Gif;csufrsm;udkvnf; t"duxm;í azmfxkwf&ygrnf/ aemufqkH;&v'f

rsm;wGif ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&rnfh e,fy,frsm;udk xif&Sm;pGm azmfjy&ygrnf/

vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,frsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD;pD;onfESifhwNydKifeuf tao;pdwfjyifqifa&;ESifh

tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk arQmfrSef;bwf*sufESifhtwl a&;qGJ&ygrnf/ tydkif; (3-1-2)

wGif aqG;aEG;xm;aomtpdwftydkif;rsm;udkvnf; tokH;jyKEdkifygrnf/ taqmufttHkrSm vkH;0NydKusrnfh

tEÅ&m,f &Sdaeonf[k tuJjzwfcsuf &&Sdygu ,if;taqmufttHkudk jyifqifaqmufvkyfjcif;jzifh

tEÅ&m,frsm; ydkrdkMuHKawGU&rnfhtjyif aiGaMu;vdktyfcsufvnf; ydkrdkrsm;jym;Edkifygonf/ ,if;odkUaom

tajctaersm;wGif tptqkH; jyefvnfwnfaqmufoifhaMumif; tBuHjyKygonf/

a'gufrsm; tydkwyfqifjcif; odkUr[kwf eH&Hrsm;? acgifrdk;rsm;ESifh tqufrsm;udk tm;jznfhjcif; odkUr[kwf

tjcm;tif*sifeD,mvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;uJhodkUaom tm;jznfhwyfqif jyKjyifjcif;twGuf

ukefusp&dwfrsm;rSm tajctaeay:rlwnfí uGJjym;jcm;em;Edkifygonf/ okdU&mwGif þuJhodkYaqmif&Guf

jcif;onf usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHk tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh ta&;ay:tajctaewGif

usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrIpepfrsm; vkHNcHKrSK&Sda&;twGuf vdktyfaom &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI jzpfEdkif

ygonf/5

&&SdEdkifaom aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk axmufqí EdkifiHwpf0ef;vkH;&Sd aus;vuf

usef;rma&;Xmersm; tm;vkH;udk tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyif&ef rjzpfEdkifygu obm0ab; trsm;qkH;

usa&mufwwfaom e,fajra'orsm;&Sd a&G;cs,fxm;aom usef;rma&;Xmersm;\ ta&;ay:cGJpdwf

ukorI tcef;rsm;uhJodkUaom ta&;BuD;qkH;tydkif;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;&ygrnf/

3-3 ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfjzpfap&ef pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufjcif;

obm0ab;'Pfudk ydkrdkcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom usef;rma&;pepfwnfaqmuf&ef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf&mü

pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufa&; t"duvkyfief; (3)&yfudk pDpOfaqmif&GufEdkifygonf/

3-3-1 aqmufvkyfa&;u@ vkyfom;rsm;? ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh pDrHudef;a&;qGJolrsm;twGuf

pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufjcif;

aqmufvkyfa&;u@wGif vkyfom;rsm;udk pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmuf&mü atmufygwdkUudk xnfhoGif;

pOf;pm;&ygrnf/

1/ aq;½kHrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI vkyfief;ydkif; txl;ojzifh aq;½Hk½Sd XmetoD;oD;ESifh aq;½Hk

u ay;tyfaom ukorIESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm;tMum; nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufrIESifh pyfvsOf;í

tif*sifeD,mrsm;ESifh Adokumrsm;\ odjrifem;vnfrIudk jr§ifhwif&ef vdktyfygonf/ odkUrSom

ynm&Sifrsm;onf usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm;udk 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwf&mwGif aq;0g;ukorI

vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIudk taxmuftuljyKonfh 'DZdkif;yHkpHrsm; azmfxkwfEdkifygrnf/

How to safeguard health facilities, WHO.



- 37 -

2/ taqmufttHkrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItydkif;udkvnf; wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif xnhfoGif;

pOf;pm;jyD; ab;'PftrsKd;rsKd;cHEdkif&nf&Sdaprnfh oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk aq;½kH'DZdkif;rsm;wGif

xnfhoGif;aqmufvkyf&ef tif*sifeD,mrsm;ESifh Adokumrsm;tm; ynmay;jcif;? xdkuJhodkU

aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh aemiftcgwGif ydkrkdoifhawmfNyD; ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½kHaqmufvkyf&ef

ae&mrsm; a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifhywfoufí NrdKUjyESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef; a&;qGJolrsm;tm; ynmay;NyD;

jzpfygrnf/

3/ txl;ojzifh vuform;rsm;ESifh yef;&Hrsm; uJhodkUaom e,fajra'owGif;rS aqmufvkyfa&;

vkyfief; vkyfudkifolrsm;udk avhusihfoifwef;ay;jcif;? vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfhae&mwGifyif

vufawGUoifMum;ay;jcif;ESifh ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aqmufvkyfa&;enf;vrf;rsm;\ ta&;

ygykH oabmw&m;ydkif;udk oif,ljcif;wdkUudk aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&ef jzpfygonf/

usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm; pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;

usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;tm; obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; udpö&yfrsm;qdkif&m

todynm jr§ifhwifay;jcif;tm;jzifh ydkrdkítoifhjzpfaom vkyfom;tiftm; &&Sda&;udk yhHydk;ay;Ekdifyg

rnf/ þodkYjzifh ,if;vkyfom;rsm;onf ydkrdkab;uif;vHk;jcHKaomaq;½kHrsm;qdkif&m t,ltq\ wpfpdwf

wpfa'otjzpf obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;qdkif&m tcef;u@rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufNyD;

a&SUqufaqmif&GufEdkifonfhpGrf;&nfESifh qE&Sdaprnf jzpfygonf/ obm0ab;rsm;ESifh ta&;ay:

tajctaersm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;qdkif&m pGrf;aqmif&nf jr§ifhwif&ef

q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm;? om;zGm;q&mrrsm;? jynfolYusef;rma&;vkyfief; aqmif&Gufolrsm;?

apwemh0efxrf;rsm;tygt0if usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI vkyfom;rsm;tm;vkH; yg0if&ygrnf/

pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufonfh tpDtpOfrsm;wGif enf;ynmuRrf;usifrI trsKd;rsKd;ESifh vkyfief;

aqmif&GufrI uRrf;usifrIwdkU yg0if&ef vdktyfygonf/ usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI 0efxrf;rsm;

teuf aus;vufa'orsm;wGif olemjyKrsm;ESihf om;zGm;q&mrrsm;onf ta&twGuftm;jzihf

trsm;qkH;jzpfNyD; usef;rma&; 0efaqmifrItrsKd;rsKd; jznfhqnf;ay;&ef a&SUwef;rS aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/

usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI vkyfom;rsm;tm; avhusifhoifwef;ay;oifhaom taMumif;t&m

rsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; tBuHjyKazmfjyygonf/

jynfolrsm;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh taxGaxG tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI

pDrHudef;a&;qGJonfhvkyfief;pOf? axmufyhHa&;ESifh ydkUaqmifa&; pDpOfxm;½Sdjcif;? pHowfrSwfxm;

aom obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;

rsm;? t&if;tjrpfrsm; enf;yg;aepOf odkUr[kwf xdcdkufysufpD;aepOf vkyfief;aqmif&Gufjcif;?

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;&modkU a&TUajymif;jcif;ESifh ½kyftavmif;rsm;udk oN*ØK[fjcif;? ta&;ay:

tajctaersm;wGif xda&mufaom acgif;aqmifrIay;a&;rlrsm;? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;ESifh usef;rma&;qdkif&m yhHydk;rIay;a&; tpDtrHrsm; vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifrI (tusKd;

pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufol toD;oD;\ tcef;u@rsm;ESifh wm0efrsm;ponf) tygt0if ta&;ay:

tajctaetwGuf BudKwifjyifqifjcif;

usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&SmufrItpDtrHrsm; jyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;



- 38 -

usef;rma&; vdktyfcsufrsm;udk tvsiftjref tuJjzwfjcif;? ul;pufa&m*g jzpfyGm;Edkifajc

apmifhMunfhppfaq; azmfxkwfjcif;ESifh oifhawmfaom xdef;csKyfa&;tpDtrHrsm; csrSwfusifhoHk;jcif;

uJhodkUaom usef;rma&;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; udpö&yfrsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif;

MudKwif owday;onfh owif;tcsuftvuf &&Sda&;ESifh wHkUjyefaqmif½GufyHk

ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif rSwfwrf;wifjcif;? tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;ESifh rSwfwrf;rSwf&m xm;&Sd

jcif; rlrsm;

pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif; wHkUjyefrIrsm;ESifh ESpfodrfhaqG;aEG;ynmay;jcif;tygt0if ukoyhHydk;ay;jcif;

a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;tygt0if usef;rma&;ESifh nDñGwfaom ywf0ef;usif jzpfapjcif;

aq;½kHrsm;toifhtaetxm;&Sdjcif;

tm[m&jynfh0a&;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;

aoqkH;olrsm;? aysmufqkH;olrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í pDrHcefUcGJjcif;

t&if;tjrpfrsm;&,ltokH;jyKEdkifjcif;ESifh

SPHERE pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;

em*pfrkefwdkif;rwdkufcwfrDuyif usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeu wm0ef,laqmif&Gufaeaom rSwfom;zG,f

&m pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufa&; vkyfief;wpf&yfrSm usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;tm; obm0ab;

aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m tajccH oifwef;ay;jcif; jzpfygonf/ ¤if;oifwef;udk vlrI

0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; 0efBuD;Xme\ tultnDjzifh aqmif&Gufygonf/

odkU&mwGif bwf*suf tuefUtowf&Sdjcif;aMumifh oifwef;rsm;udk awmif;qdkcsuft&om ydkUcsygonf/

rav;&Sm;EdkifiH MERCY Malaysia tzGJU? Cesvi ? urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU (WHO) ? Merlin ? Care

Myanmar ? Malteser International ? Amara uhJodkUaom EdkifiHwum rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;

\ yhHydk;rIjzifh a&&Snfvkyfief; tpDtpOfwpf&yfudk aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh

rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; em*pfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&; umvtwGif; tquftoG,frsm;

tm;aumif;vmchJjcif;aMumifh EdkifiHwum enf;ynmydkif; uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk ydkrdkí &,ltokH;jyKEdkifNyD;

EdkifiHtwGif;&Sd usef;rma&; vkyfom;rsm;tm; tusKd;aus;Zl; jzpfxGef;apEdkifygonf/

pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif; yhHydk;rIudpö&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í jrefrmEdkifiHMuufajceDtoif; (MRCS) onf pdwfvlrIa&;

ydkif; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrIqdkif&m MuufajceD0efxrf;rsm;ESifh MuufajceDapwemh0efxrf;rsm;twGuf

tzGJUtpnf;twGif; oifwef;ay;&mwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifaqmif&GufchJygonf/ xdkUtjyif UNDP onf

Action Aid tzGJUESifh yl;aygif;vsuf jyif;xefpGmxdcdkufcHpm;&rI udpö&yfudk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;qdkif&m

oifwef;udk bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;? oDv&Sifrsm;? q&m? q&mrrsm;ESifh tjcm;&yf&GmtwGif; OD;aqmif

yk*¾dKvfrsm;? udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ydkYcsEdkifa&; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ UNDP \ ]em*pfqdkifuvkef;

rkefwdkif; apmpD;pGm jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tpDtpOf} t& NrdKUe,f (5)NrdKUe,frS vli,f (60)wdkUtm;

pdppfí pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&m yhHydk;rIay;a&; enf;vrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef;ay;chJygonf/

þvkyfief;aMumifh NrdKUe,f(5)NrdKUe,f&Sd aus;&Gm(156)&GmwGif tusKd;aus;Zl;jzpfxGef;chJygonf/ xkdUtjyif



- 39 -

pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif;yhHydk;rI owif;tcsuftvufrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;aom owif;tcsuftvufXmersm;

udk aus;&Gm (30)wdkUwGif prf;oyfzGifhvSpfchJygonf/6

odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzifh trsm;jynfol\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk wnfaqmufay;jcif;

obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&mESifh ta&;ay: tajctaersm;wGif usef;rma&;

udpö&yfrsm;qdkif&m e,fajrcH &yf&Gmrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nf tm;aumif;apa&; aqmif&Guf&mü ¤if;wdkU

tm; vufiif;jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;a&;twGuf tultnDay;&efudkom t"duxm;í aqmif&Guf&ef

r[kwfbJ &yf&GmzGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf umv&Snf arQmfrSef;csufxm;&Sd&efvnf; vdktyfygonf/ &yf&Gmrsm;

taejzifhvnf; rdrdwdkU\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;taMumif; ydkrdkod&Sdvmrnfom

jzpfygonf/ trsm;jynfol odjrifem;vnfa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;udk *½kwpdkuf pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;

jzifh OD;wnf&nf&G,folrsm;xH odapvdkonfh tcsuftvufrsm; a&muf½Sdapa&;twGuf atmuf

azmfjyyg OD;wnfcsufrsm;jzifh aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/

&yf&Gmjynfolvlxkonf odjrifem;vnfNyD; Edk;Mum;rI&Sdygu ¤if;wdkYonf usef;rma&; 0efaqmif

rIrsm;udk t&nftaoG;xdef;csKyf&mwGif yg0ifEdkifap&ef

ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom wpfudk,f&nfoefU&Sif;a&; b0aexkdifrIyHkpH jzpfay:vmapa&;twGuf

oabmxm;rsm; ajymif;vJvmap&ef

txl;ojzifh aus;vufa'o tajctaersm;wGif jynfolvlxktm; atmufygwdkUudk od&Sdem;vnf

apoifhygonf/

usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfaom pm;aomufyHk tavhtusifhrsm;

tajccHwpfudk,f&nfusef;rma&;tavhtusihfrsm;

ul;pufwwfaom a&m*grsm;qdkif&m tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkUudk ab;jzpfyGm;csdef

wGif a&Smif&Sm;ykH

tavmif;rsm; udkifwG,fjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í tajccHtodynm (wHkUjyefrI odkUr[kwf u,fq,f

a&; vkyfief;BuD;rsm; pwifraqmif&GufEdkifrD tavmif;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;&ef jzpfygonf/)

em*pfwHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifrItqifhrsm;wGif owif;tcsuftvuf? ynmay;a&;ESifh

qufoG,fajymqdka&; (IEC) pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;pGmudk jyKpkí us,fus,fjyefUjyefU jzefUa0chJNyD; jzpfyg

onf/ bmom&yfe,fy,frsm;rSm ul;pufwwfaom a&m*grsm;qdkif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm;?

usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfaom a&aomufjcif;ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;? obm0ab; trsKd;rsKd;ESifh

pyfvsOf;onfh tajccH ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; tcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifygonf/ &Sd&if;vkyfief;rsm;udk

EdkifiH\ tjcm;a'orsm;odkUvnf; wdk;csJUEkdifygonf/ ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;avh&Sdaom e,fajra'orsm;

udk a&G;cs,fvsuf prf;oyfvkyfief;rsm;udk OD;pGmaqmif&GufEdkifygonf/ odkU&mwGif vuf&Sd IEC pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk e,fajra'ovdktyfcsufrsm;? obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f\ oabmobm0wdkUtay:

rlwnfí jyefvnfjyifqif&ef vdktyfEdkifaMumif; owdjyK&ygrnf/ xdkaMumifh prf;oyfvkyfief;

Community Driven Recovery: Cyclone Nargis One Year On (2009) United Nations Development Programme.



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aqmif&Gufrnfh e,fajropf\a'owGif; vdktyfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfqkH;jzwfEdkif&efESifh &Sd&if;

todynmtajccHudk azmfxkwfEkdif&ef yPmravhvmcsuf jyKvkyf&ygrnf/ usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh

rdwfzufjzpfonfh tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif trsm;jynfol odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifa&;

vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufonfh tawGUtBuHKrsm;pGm &SdESifhNyD;jzpfygonf/ trsKd;om;tqihf pme,fZif;?

a&'D,dk? ½kyfjrifoHMum;? rD'D,mwdkUudkvnf; tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/ usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh rdwfzuf

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; yl;aygif;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;onf jynfolvlxkxHodkU xda&mufpGm a&muf&Sd

Edkifygonf/

3-4 aus;vufusef;rma&;XmetwGuf obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;

tpDtpOfrsm;udk jyKpkjcif;

obm0ab;usa&mufNyD;aemuf aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm; acsmarGUpGm vkyfief;vnfywf

aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf obm0ab;rsm; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;rSm

yxrajcvSrf;jzpfygonf/ xdkuJhodkY tpDtpOfxm;&Sdjcif;jzifh ta&;ay:ukorI vdktyfaeoltm;vkH;

twGuf vQifjrefxda&mufaom aq;0g;jyKpkukorI? apmihfa&SmufrIrsm;udk aqmif&Gufay;Edkifygrnf/

obm0ab;aMumifh a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;? toufaoqkH;jcif;wdkUudkvnf; enf;EdkiforQ enf;yg;aprnf

jzpfygonf/

txl;ojzihf aus;vufa'orsm;wGif usef;rma&;Xme BudKwifjyifqifa&;pDrHcsufudk &yf&Gm

obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfí odkUr[kwf csdwfqufí

aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/ usef;rma&;XmeESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm;tay:wGif jynfolvlxkuomvQif

rSDcdkae&jcif;r[kwfbJ aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;ü &&SdEdkifaom vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;

tuefUtowf&Sdjcif;aMumifh usef;rma&;Xme tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;? ab;jzpfyGm;onfh tajctaewGif

vkyfief;vnfywf aqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGuf usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;uvnf; jynfolvlxktay:wGif

tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK&rnf jzpfygonf/ obm0ab;usa&mufNyD;aemuf usef;rma&;Xme jyifqifjcif;

uhJodkUaom vkyfief;rsm;twGufvnf; &yf&GmvlxkxH tultnD awmif;cH&rnf jzpfygonf/ þodkYjzihf

usef;rma&;Xme BudKwifjyifqifa&;tpDtpOf a&;qGJ&mü &yf&GmvlxkESifh usef;rma&;XmewdkY

tjyeftvSef rSDcdktm;xm;a&;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf/

azmfjyyg vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mü vkyfaqmifEdkifonfh tqifhrsm;udk atmufwGif tao;pdwf

tBuHjyK azmfjyxm;ygonf/

3-4-1 pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^taxmuftuljyK vkyfief;tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;

obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&; pDrHcsuf aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^vkyfief;tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;

&ef vdktyfygonf/ usef;rma&;XmetBuD;tuJESifh tjcm;aom ta&;ygonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;? olemjyKtkyf?

ta&;ygaom q&m0efrsm;^txl;ukq&m0efrsm;tm; aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^taxmuftuljyKvkyfief;

tzGJUwGif yg0if&ef zdwfMum;&ygrnf/ &yf&GmrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onfvnf; aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^



- 41 -

taxmuftuljyKtzGJUwGif yg0if&ygrnf/ txl;ojzifh e,fajra'otwGif; obm0ab;aMumifh

qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm; odkUr[kwf qufpyfvkyfief;rsm;udk wm0ef,lolrsm;

yg0ifoifhygonf/ aumfrwD^ tpktzGJU^ taxmuftuljyKvkyfief;tzGJU\ t"duwm0efrSm tydkif;

(3-5-2)wGif azmfjyxm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;tay: tajccHí pDrHcsufrlMurf;a&;qGJ&ef jzpfygonf/

pmpk - 5

aq;½kHrsm;twGuf obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkYjyefa&; pDrHcsuf a&;qGJa&; t"duvrf;ñTef

rlrsm;

BudKwifcefUrSef;Edkifjcif; - aq;½kH\ obm0ab;pDrHcsufwGif BudKwifcefUrSef;Edkifaom pDrH

cefUcGJrI uGif;qufyg&Sd&rnf jzpfygonf/

½dk;&Sif;jcif;ESifh uspfvspfjynfhpHkjcif; - tpDtpOfrSm ½dk;&Sif;NyD; vufawGU vkyfaqmifEdkif&ygrnf/

ajymif;vJjyifqif&ef vG,fuljcif; - pDrHcsufrSm obm0ab;trsKd;rsKd;twGuf ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;?

tydkif;u@trsKd;rsKd;wGif vkyfaqmifEdkif&ygrnf/

BudKwifarQmfrSef;jcif; - aq;½kH\ pDrHcsufrsm;tm;vkH;wGif tqkd;qkH; jzpf&yftajctaeudk

xnhfoGif; pOf;pm;vsuf a&;qGJ&ygrnf/

a'otqifh obm0ab; usef;rma&;pDrHcsuf\ wpdwfwa'otjzpf yg0ifjcif; - aq;½kH

wpf½kHonf pDrHcsufrsm;udk oD;jcm;a&;qGJEdkifaom tzGJUtpnf;wpfck r[kwfyg/ odkYygí

pepfwus taumiftxnfazmfEdkif&eftwGuf a'otqifh? wdkif;a'oBuD;^ jynfe,f^

c½dkif^NrdKUe,f pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/

3-4-2 obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;pDrHcsuf a&;qGJjcif; 7

obm0ab;BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;pDrHcsuf\ ta&;ygaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk

atmufwGif tusOf;tm;jzifh azmfjyxm;ygonf/

pDrHcsuf\ &nf&G,fcsuf

o ta&;ay:vkyfief;rsm;ESifh wHkUjyefrItwGuf pHowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh

vkyfxkH;vkyfenf; (SOP) rsm; azmfxkwfí 0efxrf;rsm;? vlemrsm;? {nfhonfrsm;ESifh &yf&Gm

tay: oufa&mufrI &SdEdkifonfh a'owGif;ESifh a'ojyify obm0ab;tajctae

ESpf&yfpvkH;udk wHkUjyef&ef

o obm0ab;jzpfyGm;onfhtajctaewGif vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;ESifh tzGJUrsm;\ wm0efrsm;udk

&Sif;vif;pGm owfrSwfxm;&ef

tajctaersm;ESifh,lqcsufrsm;wGif ta&;ay:tajctae jzpfEkdifajc trsKd;rsKd;qdkif&m owif;

tcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifygonf/ Oyrm- vlaoqkH;rI? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&&SdrI rsm;jym;aom

Hospital Disaster Plan, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.



- 42 -

obm0ab;BuD;rsm;? aoqkH;rI? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&&SdrIenf;yg;aom obm0ab;? tzGJUtpnf;

&yf&GmtwGif; jzpfyGm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; Oyrm- usef;rma&;XmewGif rD;avmifjcif;wdkU

jzpfygonf/ aq;½kHteD;ywf0ef;usifwGif jzpfyGm;Edkifaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;qdkif&m owif;

tcsuftvufrsm;udkvnf; tusOf;rQ azmfjyxm;Edkifygonf/

aqmif&GufrIvrf;aMumif;rsm;rSm tqifhtoD;oD;wGif wm0efcHaqmif½Gufrnfholrsm;udk

owfrSwfazmfjyygonf/ Z,m;ykHpHjzihf azmfjyxm;ygu taumif;qkH;jzpfygonf/

pHowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh vrf;nTefcsufrsm;wGif atmufygwdkUtwdkif;

tkyfpkcGJí pHowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk xnhfoGif;

azmfjy&ygrnf/

o ta&;ay:tajctaeudk udkifwG,f&eftwGuf aq;½kH? aq;ay;cef;udk toifhjyifqif

xm;&Sdjcif;? tzGJUwpfzGJUpDatmufwGif aqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;toD;oD;twGuf rnfonf

udk aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfaMumif;? rnfolu aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGm

tao;pdwf azmfjy&ygrnf/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm; acsmarGUpGm pD;qif;Edkif&eftwGuf

tokH;jyKrnfh qufoG,fa&;tpDtrHudkvnf; xnhfoGif;azmfjy&ygrnf/ t"du xnhfoGif;

pOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrsm;rSm aq;½kHaq;cef;twGif; qufoG,fajymqdka&;ESifh aq;½Hk

aq;cef;jyify qufoG,fa&;wdkU jzpfygonf/ aq;½kHaq;cef;twGif; qufoG,fajymqdka&;

qdkonfhrSm XmewpfckESifh wpfcktMum; qufoG,fajymqdkrI jzpfygonf/ (XmewpfckrS

tjcm;wpfckodkU tcsuftvufrsm; ydkUaqmif&eftwGuf 0efxrf;wpfOD;udk oD;jcm;

wm0efay;xm;Edkifygonf/) aq;½Hkaq;cef;jyifyqufoG,fa&;qdkonfrSm jyifyrS pkHprf;

ar;jref;vmrIrsm;udk ajzMum;&ef jzpfygonf/ (0efxrf;rsm; rtm;vyfygu &yf&GmtwGif;rS

wwfuRrf;em;vnfolwpfOD;udk tultnDawmif;cHí jyifyESifhqufoG,fa&;udk aqmif&Guf

ay;apEkdifygonf/) þtydkif;wGif usef;rma&;Xmersm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxk^Xmeqdkif&m

wHkUjyefrI tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; nd§EdIif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udkvnf;

azmfjyxm;Edkifygonf/

o ta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;

jcif; - vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;twGuf tao;pdwfvkyfief;wm0ef twdtus (txl;ojzifh

usef;rma&;XmetBuD;tuJ\ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;) azmfjyjcif;? ta&;ay: tajctaewGif

tzGJUtm;vkH; t"duaqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;wm0efrsm;? Oyrm- txl;Muyfrwfuko

aqmifwGif jyif;xefpGm xdckduf'Pf&m&aom vlemrsm;udk ukoay;jcif; (vlemrSwfykHwif

jcif;? OD;pm;ay;&rnhfolrsm;? ,cifaq;rSwfwrf;rsm;udk &,lEkdifykH? rSwfwrf;topfrsm;

xm;&SdykH ponf)? tavmif;rsm;udk udkifwG,fjcif; (rSwfykHwifjcif;? rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;

azmfxkwfjcif;ponf)/ xdkUtjyif þtydkif;wGif aq;½kH? aq;cef;twGif;ESifh tjyifrS

t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk jyifqifpkaqmif;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;vnf; yg0ifygrnf/ jyify

t&if;tjrpf jyifqifpkaqmif;&mwGif teD;qkH; usef;rma&;tmPmydkif½kH;ESifh qufoG,f

jcif;? tultnD awmif;cHjcif;wkdUudk ydkrkdí t"duxm; azmfjyoifhygonf/



- 43 -

o tEÅ&m,fuif;&modkU ajymif;a&TUa&; tpDtpOf - taqmufttHk xdckdufysufpD;ygu

vlemrsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;? aq;0g;ukorI rSwfwrf;rsm;? ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ponfwkdUudk ydkrdkí

ab;uif;vHkjcHKaomae&modkU pepfwus a&TUajymif;Edkifa&;udk rnfuhJodkU aqmif&Gufrnf

jzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;&ygrnf/

o vlemrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\ rdom;pkrsm;omru usef;rma&;Xme 0efxrf;rsm;twGufyg

pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI jznfhfqnf;ay;jcif;

pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;ESifh jyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;tydkif;wGif pDrHcsufa&;qGJ&eftwGuf wm0ef,l

rnfholrsm; (þae&mwGif pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^taxmuftuljyKvkyfief;

tzGJU) ESifh pDrHcsufaqmif&Gufrnfh tcsdefZ,m;? tcsdefumvowfrSwfí pDrHcsufudk jyefvnf

jyifqif&ef wm0ef,lrnfholrsm; (pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^taxmuftuljyK

vkyfief;tzGJUudkyif pDrHcsuf jyifqifa&;qGJa&; aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^ taxmuftuljyKvkyfief;

tzGJUtjzpf ajymif;vJzGJUpnf;Edkifygonf) ponfh tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifap&ef

jzpfygonf/

aemufqufwGJrsm;taejzifh pDrHcsufwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Ekdifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m &yf&Gm

pDrHcsuf&Sdygu xnhfoGif;xm;Edkifygonf/ taqmufttHk\ tcef;zGJUpnf;ykH? ywf0ef;usifa'orsm;jy

ajrykHESifh owfrSwfxm;aom tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;onfh e,fajrrsm;udk xnhfoGif;azmfjy&ygrnf/ ,if;

ae&mrsm;odk rnfodkYoGm;a&mufEdkifykH? ta&;ay: qufoG,f&eftwGuf w,fvDzkef; eHygwfrsm;? Oyrm-

teD;qkH; rD;owfwyfzGJUwdkU yg0if&ygrnf/ pDrHcsufwGif xnhfoGif;&rnfh tjcm;tcsufwpf&yfrSm

taqmufttHktwGif; rD;ab;umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; tpDtrHrsm; jzpfygonf/ taMumif;rSm

rD;ab;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &yf&Gmrsm;ü tjzpftrsm;qkH; ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ü yg0ifjcif;aMumifh

jzpfygonf/ *kefeDtdwfrsm;? oJtdwfrsm;? ykqdef? rD;csdwf? rD;uyff? a&ykH;ponfwdkUuhJodkUaom

e,fajra'owGif; tokH;jyKonfh rD;owfypönf;ud&d,mrsm; xm;&Sdjcif; ponfwkdYonf BudKwifjyifqif

xm;aom pHowfrSwfxm;onfh vkyfief;aqmif&Gufa&; vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;wGif yg0ifEdkifygonf/

3-5 usef;rma&;ESifhqufpyfonfh tjcm;u@rsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;

3-5-1 a&ay;a0jcif;? ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;ESifh wpfudk,f&nfoefU&Sif;a&; WASH

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif aus;vufjynfolvlxkonf rdrdwdkYaexkdif&mae&mteD;&Sd a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk rSDcdk

tm;xm;Mu&ygonf/ Oyrm- aus;&Gma&uef odkUr[kwf jrpfacsmif;rsm;jzpfygonf/ aus;&Gmrsm;wGif

trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm; t"duyg0ifaom vltrsm;tjym;onf rdom;pktwGuf a&udk

a0;uGmaomae&mrS oGm;a&mufpkaqmif; cyf,l&ojzifh tcsdefrsm;pGm ukefygonf/ tEÅ&m,f

ruif;onfh oefU&Sif;a&;tavhtusifhrsm;jzpfaom pD;qif;aeonfh a&twGif;odkU tnpftaMu;rsm;

pGefUypfjcif; tygt0if taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ,if;a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm tvG,fwul npfnrf;

Edkifygonf/ a&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;pepfrsm; ysufpD;jcif;aMumifh ¤if;wdkYESifh oufqdkifaom

0efaqmifrIrsm; jywfawmufNyD;^ obm0ab;jzpfyGm;ygu tEÅ&m,fonf ydkrdkBuD;rm;vmygonf/



- 44 -

ab;'PfcH&aom jynfolvlxk\ usef;rma&;ESifh vlrIa&;om,m0ajymrIudkvnf; xdckdufapyg

onf/ ,m,DcdkvHI&mae&mrsm;ESifh pcef;rsm;wGif vlrsm;vGef;jcif;onf rMumcPjzpfyGm;avh&Sdonfh

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rvkHavmufjcif;wdkUaMumifh uyfa&m*grsm; vG,fvifhwul jzpfyGm;rnfh tEÅ&m,fvnf; ½Sdygonf/

rlvuyif xdcdkufcH&vG,faom tajctaersm;onf touftEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifonftxd qkd;&Gm;vmEdkif

ygonf/

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tEÅ&m,f avQmhcsa&; r[mAsL[mrsm; usihfokH;a&;rSm rjzpfrae aqmif&Guf&rnhf udpö&yf jzpfygonf/

xdkaMumifh &yf&Gmrsm;\ usef;rma&;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&rnfjzpfNyD; wnfaqmufNyD;pD;aom

tajccHtaqmuftODrsm;udk tajccHtqifhyif jzpfapumrl ,if;wdkUwGif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIxm;&SdrIrsm;udk

vnf; umuG,fapmihfa&Smuf&rnf jzpfygonf/ obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;

aqmif&Guf&onfh OD;wnfcsufrSm þae&mwGif obm0ab;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk

tedrfhqkH;tqifh jznfhqnf;ay;Edkif&efjzpfygonf/ rnfonfh&yf&GmwGifrqdk a&ESifh ywf0ef;usif

oefU&Sif;a&; 0efaqmifrIrsm; a&&SnfwnfwhHEdkif&efa&;udk tem*wfzGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf tajccH jynfolU

usef;rma&; vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItjzpf ½Ijriff&ygrnf/

pmpk - 6

ta&;ay: tajctaewGif a&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; 0efaqmifrIrsm; ta&;ygykH

ta&;ay:tajctaewGif a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; 0efaqmifrIrsm;rSm atmufygvkyfief;rsm;

twGuf txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/

obm0ab;BuHKawGU&olrsm;twGuf aq;0g;ukorIay;jcif;/ aq;½kHrsm;ESifh usef;rma&;Xmersm;

wGif obm0ab; awGUBuHKcHpm;&olrsm;tm; aq;0g;ukorIay;&mü tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom

aomufokH;a&udk pOfqufrjywf jznfhqnf;ay;Edkif&ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/ usef;rma&;Xme

taejzifh obm0ab;aMumifh xdcdkufrItwGuf umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef tpDtrHrsm; aqmif&Guf

xm;vifhupm; a&ay;a0a&;ESifh rdv’mpepfrsm; jywfawmufygu jznfhqnf;ay;Edkifaom

jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrI t&nftaoG;onf avsmhenf;vmrnf jzpfygonf/

&SmazGa&;ESifh u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;/ &SmazGa&;ESifhu,fq,fa&;tpktzGJUrsm;onf ¤if;wdkU

aomufokH;&eftwGuf a&udkvdktyf½kHrQrubJ ¤if;wkdUu,fq,fxm;olrsm; aomufokH;&efESifh

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vltrsm;aomufokH;jcif; (aomufa&ESifh wpfudk,f&nfoefU&Sif;&eftwGufa&)/ txl;ojzifh

obm0ab;aMumifh wdkuf½dkufxdcdkufolrsm;twGuf 0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;&mwGif

aomufokH;&efESifh wpfudk,f&nf oefU&Sif;a&;twGuf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aoma& tvkHtavmuf

&&Sdap&ef aqmif&Gufay;&ygrnf/

cdkvHI&mae&mrsm;&Sd vlxktwGuf aqmif&Gufay;jcif;/ aetdrfrsm;qkH;½IH;chJjcif;aMumifh vlOD;a&



- 45 -

rsm;jym;vGef;onfh cdkvHI&mae&mrsm;wGif >ywfodyfí aexdkif&aom obm0ab;awGUBuHKcHpm;

cJh&olrsm;twGuf aomufokH;&ef a&aumif;a&oefU tvkHtavmuf jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;ESifh

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apmifha&Smuf&eftwGuf tajccHvkyfief;rsm; jzpfygonf/

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taqmufttHkrsm;wGif ykHrSefvkyfief;rsm;raqmif&GufEdkifrD oefU&Sif;a&;vkyf&eftwGuf a& vdktyf

ygonf/ xdkYtjyif a,bk,stm;jzihf aetdrfrsm;ESifh trsm;jynfol toHk;jyKaom ae&mrsm;udk

oefU&Sif;a&; jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfNyD; ,if;twGufvnf; a& vdktyfygonf/

om,m0ajyma&;/ a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;qdkif&m0efaqmifrIrsm; jywfawmufjcif;aMumifh

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xdcdkufrI &Sdygonf/ wdkuf½dkufxdcdkufrcH&olrsm;\ zGHUNzdK;a&;udkvnf;xdcdkufygonf/ txufwGif

azmfjychJonfhtwdkif; a&r&&Sdygu vlxktaejzifh (txl;ojzifh trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh uav;oli,f

rsm;onf) a&cyfMu&ygrnf/ puf½kH? tvkyf½kH trsm;tjym;rSmvnf; ukefypönf;rsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrI

rsm; xkwfvkyf&ef pOfqufrjywf a&&&Sd&ef vdktyfygonf/

&nfnTef;csuf - The Challenge in Disaster Reduction for the Water and Sanitation Sector: Improving Quality of

Life By Reducing Vulnerabilities (2006) PAHO. UNISDR, UNICEF and IFRC.

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom aomufokH;a&ESifh ywf0ef;usif oefU&Sif;a&; tpDtrHrsm;udk tNrJwap

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aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;twGuf a&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;qdkif&m taqmufttHk

rsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGif a&odkavSmifuefrsm; odkUr[kwf ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; tpDtrH

rsm;ü obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkif&nf&Sdaponfh oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk xnhfoGif;aqmufvkyf

&ygrnf/ Oyrm- a&vTrf;rdk;wwfaom e,fajra'orsm;wGif npfnrf;rIrjzpfap&efESifh ysufpD;

rIudk wm;qD; umuG,f&ef tdrfomrsm;udk jr§ifhíwnfaqmufjcif;? eH&Hrsm;udk ydkrkdí jrifhrm;pGm

aqmufvkyfjcif; ponfwkdU jzpfygonf/

tnpftaMu;pGefUypfaom pepfrsm;rS vGwfuif;avmufaom tuGmta0;wGif a&odkavSmif

uefrsm;udk aocsmpGm aqmufvkyfjcif;? aomufokH;&eftwGuf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;onf[k

aMunmjcif;rjyKrD teD;ywf0ef;usif&Sd a&udk t&nftaoG; tuJjzwfcsuf jyKvkyfjcif;?

zkH;tkyfxm;aom tdrfomrsm; aqmufvkyfa&;ESifh ywfoufí &yf&Gm\ odjrifem;vnfrIudk

jr§ifhwifay;jcif;? obm0ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufapbJ Mum&SnftoHk;jyKEdkifaom a&pkaqmif;

odkavSmifa&; (rdk;a&odkavSmifjcif;) ESifh jzefUa0a&;pepfrsm;ESifh tnpftaMu;pGefUypfonfh

pepfrsm; (aus;&GmtwGif;wGif a&jzefUa0&eftwGuf yvyfpwpfydkufrsm;tpm; 0g;udk

tokH;jyKjcif;)ponfh BudKwifumuG,faomtpDtrHrsm;udk vufawGUaqmif&Guf&ef jzpfygonf/

aqmufvkyfNyD;pD;aom a&odkavSmifa&; tpDtrHrsm;? odkavSmifuefrsm;ü tzkH;ttkyfrsm;



- 46 -

xm;&Sdjcif;uhJodkUaom umuG,fapmifha&Smufonhf tpDtpOfrsm;jyKvkyfjcif;? jynfolvlxktm;

a&udk BudKcsufNyD;rSaomuf&ef ynmay;jcif;ponfwdkUudk jr§ifhwifay;Edkifygonf/ a&

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ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; pepfrsm;twGuf ykHrSeftuJjzwfcsufrsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,fus a&mufEdkifrI

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rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;í &yf&Gmtaejzifh aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/ tuJjzwf&mwGif tajccH

taqmuftOD\ tm;enf;csufrsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; aqmif&Gufay;&ef e,fajr

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jzpfygonf/ jyKjyif&ef vdktyfygu rnfuhJodkU aqmif&Gufrnf jzpfaMumif; tvsiftjrefpDpOfNyD;

0efaqmifrIrsm; jywfawmufrIr&Sdap&ef taumiftxnfazmf&ygrnf/

ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif &yf&GmtwGif;ü a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; 0efaqmifrIrsm;

jyefvnf aqmif&Gufay;&ef jyifyrS tultnD vdktyfonfhtcgwdkif; SPHERE vufpGJpmtkyf

wGif owfrSwfazmfjyxm;aom a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; taxmuftulypönf;rsm;

twGuf tedrfhqkH;jynfhrD&rnfh pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk ,m,D0efaqmifrI jznfhqnf;ay;olrsm;

(t"dutm;jzifh tif*sDtdkrsm; odkUr[kwf ukvor*¾ tzGJUtpnf;rsm;) u twdtus

vdkufem&ef vdktyfygonf/

trsm;jynfol odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifa&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;? &yf&GmtwGif;wGif ynmay;a&;

vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;? aqmufvkyfNyD; taqmufttHkrsm;udk jyKjyifxdef;odrf;

onfh tavhtxudk jr§ifhwifay;jcif;

WASH pDrHcsufrsm; pDpOfjcif;ESifh vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfjcif;? &yf&GmrS wuf<upGm

yg0ifvmapa&; tm;ay;jcif;wdkY jzpfygonf/

usef;rma&;u@wGif em*pfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&; aqmif&Guf&mü apmihfMunfhppfaq;aompepf

aumif;rGefjcif;? tcsdefrDvkyfief;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;udk [efcsufnD aygif;pyfaqmif&GufEdkifjcif;aMumifh

avab;jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf a&m*gjzpfyGm;rI BuD;BuD;rm;rm;r&SdapbJ umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifygonf/

usef;rma&; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tzGJUudk usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU WHO

wdkUu yl;aygif;í OD;aqmifchJNyD; MudKwif owday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefjcif;pepf (EWARS) udk pwifusihfokH;

chJygonf/ ,if;pepfjzifh avab;aMumifh xdcdkufaom e,fajra'orsm;wGif a&rSwqifh ul;puf

jyefUyGm;aom a&m*grsm; jzpfyGm;jcif;r&Sdap&ef atmifjrifpGm wm;qD;umuG,fEdkifchJygonf/ MudKwif

owday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefjcif;pepf (EWARS) ESifhpyfvsOf;í aemufxyftcsuftvufrsm;udk

aemufqufwGJ (1) wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/

pmpk – 7

ta&;ay:tajctaersm;ESifh obm0ab;rsm; usa&mufpOf a&ESifhpyfvsOf;í tajccHtnTef;udef;rsm;

a&&&SdEdkifrIESifh &&SdonfhyrmP

aomufokH;&ef? tpm;tpmcsufjyKwf&ef? wpfudk,f&nf oefU&Sif;a&;ESifh tdrfwGif;oefU&Sif;a&;wdkY



- 47 -

aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf ysrf;rQvdktyfaoma&yrmP – aeUpOf wpfOD;vQif (15) vDwm

usef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif a&vdktyfcsuf- vlemwpfOD;vQif wpfaeU vDwm (40) rS (60) txd

a&cyf,l&onfhae&mESifh aetdrftMum; rydkvGefoihfaom trsm;qkH;tuGmta0; rDwm (500)

a&cyf,lEdkifaomae&mrsm;udk jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rI &Sd&ygrnf/ odkUrSom tNrJwapvkHavmufaom

a&yrmP &½SdEkdifygrnf/

a&t&nftaoG;

ta&;ay: tajctaewGif a&t&if;tjrpftopfrsm;udk tokH;jyK&ef vdktyfygonf/ a& (100)

rDvDvDwmwGif zDu,fudkvdkif (fecal coli) ac: rpifwGifygaom bufwD;&D;,m; a&m*gydk; (10)

aumif xuf rydkoihfyg/

a&ydkufjzifh oG,f,laom a&wGif uvdk½dk'f t<uif;tusef yg0ifrIEIef;rSm (1) vDwmvQif (0.2)

rDvD*&rf rS (0.4) rDvD*&rf omvQif &Sdoifhygonf/ a&\aemufusdrIrSm (5) NTU xuf

avsmhenf; oifhygonf/

a&wGif aysmf0ifvsufyg&Sdaom tpdkiftcJ pkpkaygif;rSm (1) vDwmvQif (1000) rDvD*&rf xuf

rydkvGefoihfyg/

&nfnTef;csuf - SPHERE vlom;csif;pmema&; y#dnmOfESifh obm0ab;wHkUjyefrIqdkif&m tedrhfqkH; jynhfrD&rnfh

pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;? a&ay;a0rIqdkif&m pHcsdefpHEIef; (1) - a&&½SdEdkifrIESifh &&SdEdkifonfh a&yrmPrsm;

3-5-2 pm;eyf&du©mzlvkHrIESifh tm[m&jynfh0rI

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r&&SdEdkifrI odkUr[kwf jywfvyfrI? 0ifaiGr&SdrIESifh usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfaom tpm;tpm pm;okH;onfh

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taMumif;tcsufrsm;aMumifh jzpfygonf/8

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jzpfaomaMumifh tm[m&csKdUwhJrIonf pdk;&drfylyefzG,f&m taumif;qkH; udpö&yfrsm;wGif wpfck

82004 ckESpfxkwf SPHERE vufpGJpmtkyf



- 48 -

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0,f,l&ef rwwfEdkifjcif;rsm;jzpfwwfygonf/ em*pfavab;usa&mufNyD; yxr &ufowåywf

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vm Edkifygonf/ tm[m&jynfh0rI tqifhtwef; edrhfusygu a&m*gckcHEdkifpGrf;vnf; edrhfusNyD;

0ufoufuhJodkUaom ul;pufa&m*grsm;rS a&m*gjzpfyGm;rI wdk;yGm;vmygonf/9 usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme

ESifh urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU (WHO) wdkUtjyif Save the Children ESifh ,leDquf uhJodkUaom

uav;oli,fudk t"duxm;í vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh tjcm;aomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;uvnf; 9 Nutrition and Disaster Preparedness: Focusing on Vulnerability, Building Capacities (2006) Marion E Wright and Maija

Vesala-Husemann



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aMumif; awGU&Sd&rnf jzpfygonf/



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- 51 -

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usef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm; tokH;jyK&ef txl;vdktyfaom



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&aom obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh usef;rma&; u@taejzifh

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taxmuftuljyKygrnf/10

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EdkifiHawmftqifh vrf;nTefcsuf a&;qGJjcif;

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aqmif½Gufonfh tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh a'owGif; tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;

rsm;rS obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm; yg0if

Edkifygonf/

Health and Disaster Risk Reduction: Policy Paper (2009) Merlin.



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4-4 &yf&Gmudk yg0ifaqmif&Gufapjcif;

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od&SdMuygonf/ rnfonfh obm0ab; tajctaewGifrqdk yxrqkH; wHkUjyefrnfh olrsm;rSmvnf;



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jyKrIrsm;)udk wHkUjyef&müvnf;aumif;? &yf&GmESifh usef;rma&;u@Mum;wGif tm;aumif;NyD; cdkifrmaom

tjyeftvSef qufoG,faqmif&GufrI &Sd&ygrnf/ usef;rma&;u@u &yf&Gmtm; 0efaqmifrIrsm;

ay;tyfjcif;rQom r[kwfbJ &yf&GmrS yhHydk;rI? em;vnfoabmaygufrIESifh rdrdwdkUvkyfief;tjzpf

oabmxm;rIwdkU &&Sd&ef vdktyfygonf/ odkUrSom ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;u@

jzpfapa&; pGrf;aqmifEdkifonfh ywf0ef;usifudk zefwD;Edkifygrnf/

4-5 aus;vufa'owGif tajccHusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;\ vkyfief;uRrf;usifrI zGHUNzdK;a&;udk

ulnDyhHydk; ay;jcif;

usef;rma&;u@wGif txl;ojzifh a0;vHaom aus;vufa'orsm;ü tNrJwap &ifqdkif&aom

jyóemwpf&yfrSm tajccHusef;rma&; 0efxrf;rsm;udk vkyfief;cGifwGif wnfNrJapa&;twGuf

xdef;odrf;jcif;jyóem jzpfygonf/ aus;vufa'ousef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;wGif vkyfief;

aqmif&Guf&aom tajctaersm;rSm NrdKUjy&Sdaq;½kHrsm;wGif vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&aom tajctae

rsm;ESifh rsm;pGmuGJjym;jcm;em;ygonf/ aus;vufa'orsm;wGif tajccHtqihf usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;

onf aq;0g;ukorIydkif; tuJjzwfcsufESifh ukorIwkdUudk tqifhjrifh ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;r&dSbJ

tcsdefra&G; vkyfaqmifMu&ygonf/ &yf&Gmrsm;ESifh rjywfxdawGUae&NyD; e,fajra'o vdktyfcsuf

rsm;udk em;vnfoabmayguf&ygonf/ pdefac:rI&Sdaom ,if;tajctaersm;wGif aus;vufa'o

tajccH usef;rma&; 0efxrf;rsm;\ twwfynmydkif; pOfqufrjywf zGHUNzdK;a&; tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk

jznhfqnf;ay;jcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkUtm; vkyfief;cGifwGif pGJNrJNyD; aysmfarGUap&ef xdef;odrf;xm;&SdEdkifrnf

jzpfygonf/

aus;vufa'owGif tajccHusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;twGuf umv&Snfynma&;ESifh vkyfief;uRrf;usif

rI zGHUNzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJ&mü xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh r[mAsL[majrmuf taMumif;tcsufrsm;

&Sdygonf/

vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;odkU aus;vufa'orsm;rS wdkuf½dkufvma&mufEdkif&ygrnf/



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ydkrdkus,fjyefUaom ukoenf;vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkif&ef taxmuftuljyKa&;

twGuf oufqdkifaom txl;uk todynmrsm;udk vkHavmufonfh xdawGUavhvm

oif,lEdkifrI yg0if&ef vdktyfygonf/

t&nftcsif;ay: tajccHí &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;ESifh aus;vufa'o tawGUtBuHKay:wGif

tajccHí &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;uhJokdUaom tvkyftudkifqGJaqmifrIrsm;ESifh csdwfqufxm;&Sd&ef

vdktyfygonf/

EdkifiHwpf0ef;vkH;&Sd aus;vufusef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm; yg0ifaom ynm&SifuGef&ufwnfaxmif

&ef xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ aus;vufESifh NrdKUjy usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm; tMum;wGif

ynm&Sif uGef&ufrsm;^tjyeftvSef xdawGUaqG;aEG; qufoG,frIrsm; jyKvkyfonfh enf;vrf;

rsm; yg0if&ygrnf/

,if;okdUaom vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;rSm usef;rma&;? vlrI0efxrf;? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc

avQmhcsa&;? zGHUNzdK;a&;? b@ma&;ponfwdkUuhJodkUaom vkyfief;rsm; yg0ifjcif;aMumifh tpdk;&

tcsif;csif; nd§EdIif;aygif;pyf aqmif&GufrIESifh 0efBuD;Xmersm;tMum; wm0ef,laqmif&GufrIrsm;

vkdtyfygonf/ tjyeftvSef tusKd;jyKEdkif&efESifh t&if;tjrpfrsm; cGJa0owfrSwfay;Edkif&ef jzpfygonf/

xdkUtjyif w&m;0if pepfcsrSwf aqmif½Gufonfh taejzifh aus;vufusef;rma&; vkyfom;rsm;tm;

ta0;oif tqifhjrifhynmbGJUrsm; (r[mbGJU? bGJUvGef oifwef;rsm;) qufvuf wufa&mufEdkif&ef

twGuf tm;ay;jcif;? yhHydk;jcif;rsm; vkyfaqmif&ygrnf/ txl;ojzihf aus;vuf usef;rma&; udpö&yf

rsm;wGif eufeJodrfarGUaom taMumif;tcsufrsm;tm; tm½kHpdkufvmMuap&eftwGuf wuúodkvf

tqifh okawoejyKvkyfEkdif&ef jzpfygonf/

4-6 BudKwifowday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefjcif;pepfrsm;udk vufawGUtokH;csjcif;rsm;tm; jr§ifhwifay;jcif;

rnfonfhusef;rma&;tEÅ&m,fESifh a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;udkrqdk xda&mufpGm wHkUjyefEdkif&eftwGuf wwfEdkif

orQ apmpD;pGm od&Sd&ef vdktyfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif BudKwifowday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefrIpepfrsm;

EWARS tokH;jyKrIrSm uaeOD;tqihfwGifom &Sdao;aomfvnf; em*pfu,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnf

xlaxmifa&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh WHO wdkUu atmifjrifpGm vufawGU

tokH;jyKchJNyD; jzpfygonf/ uGif;qif;vkyfief;tqifh w&m;0if t&if;tjrpfrsm;rS wdkuf½dkufay;ydkUaom

owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk tokH;jyKygonf/ EWARS udk vufawGUprf;oyf oufaojyoNyD;jzpfí

EdkifiH\ tjcm;aome,fajra'orsm; Oyrm- rdk;acgifa&&Sm;rIaMumifh tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fNyD;

pm;eyf&du©mzlvkHa&;rSm t"dupkd;&drfylyefzG,fwpf&yfjzpfaeaom e,fajra'orsm;wGif wdk;csJU

tokH;jyKaeNyD jzpfygonf/ ,if;e,fajra'orsm;wGif wdk;csJUvkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifrI &½SdEdkif&ef

ta&;ygaom apmifhMunfhppfaq;a&; enf;vrf;ud&d,mrsm; (tpD&ifcH wifjy&eftwGuf

qufoG,fa&; ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;) wyfqif&eftwGuf aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpfrsm;? c&D;oGm;vmjcif;ESifh

tcsuftvuf aumuf,ljcif;wdkUtwGuf aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh &Sd&if;usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;udk

ynm&Sifydkif; avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD; tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh qef;ppfavhvmjcif;



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vkyfief;wm0efrsm; aqmif&GufEdkifap&eftwGuf vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;uJhodkUaom vkdtyfonfh

t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmfNyD; &,ltoHk;jyK Edkif&ygrnf/

4-7 vkyfief;e,fy,frsm;yg0ifaom uGef&uf wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh tm;aumif;apjcif;

ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif jynfolUusef;rma&;tay: xdcdkufrIavsmhenf;ap&eftwGuf ydkrdk

tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfrsm; wnfaqmuf&ef u@aygif;pHkyg0ifaom ½IjrifykH

vdktyfygonf/ t&nftaoG;jrifhrm;NyD; a&&SnfwnfwhHEdkifaom usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI

0efaqmifrI jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;onf t&if;ppfvQif tjrpfajru qdkouJhodkU o,f,lydkUaqmifa&;?

ajr,mpDrHudef; a&;qGJa&;? jynfolUaqmufvkyfa&;? vlrI0efxrf;? rD;owf? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh

tajccHtaqmuftODuhJodkUaom tjcm;u@rsm;wGif BudKwifjyifqifrI&Sda&;ESifh qufpyfvsuf

&Sdygonf/ uyfa&m*gBuD;rsm;ESifh "mwkaA'ypönf; zdwfvQHjcif;rsm;uhJodkUaom usef;rma&;u@ESifhom

oD;oefU oufqdkifaom y#dyu©rsm; jzpfyGm;aomtcgwGifyif txufazmfjyyg u@rsm;\ yl;aygif;

BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufrI r&Sdygu xdcdkufcH&aom jynfolvlxkxHodkU vdktyfaom Mum;0ifaqmif&GufrI

vkyfief;rsm;udk tcsdefrD aqmif&Gufay;Edkifrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdUaMumifh u@toD;oD;&Sd tusKd;pD;yGm;

yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tMum; trsKd;om;tqihfESifh e,fajra'otqifh ESpf&yfpvkH;wGif uGef&uf

tm;aumif;apjcif;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI

pepf wnfaqmufa&;twGuf pnf;½kH;vIHUaqmf&mü txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/ em*pfavab; jyefvnf

xlaxmifa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;t& wnfaxmifxm;aom vuf&Sdyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;tay:

wGif uGef&ufrsm;udk qufvufwnfaqmufEdkifygonf/11

uGef&ufxm;&Sdjcif;jzifh uGef&ufwGif yg0ifol

rsm; tm;vkH;onf tcsuftvufrQa0&m t"du ae&mwpf&yftjzpf uGef&ufudk tokH;jyKEdkifygrnf/

uGef&uftzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf tpdk;&ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaom vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm; ESpf&yfpvkH;

yg0ifEdkifNyD; obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m wlnDaom 0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh

csOf;uyfykHrsm;udk azmfxkwfí zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&eftwGuf taxmuftuljyKEdkifygonf/ þodkUjzifh

aemiftcgwGif tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI avsmhenf;usqif;apa&; yl;aygif;vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;

taumiftxnfazmfEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/

11 Coordination structures exist at both national and local levels.



- 57 -

&nfñTef;udk;um;aom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;

Post-Nargis Joint Assessment (2008) Tripartite Core Group (TCG). http://www.asean.org/21765.pdf

Post Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan (PONREPP) (2008) Tripartite Core Group (TCG).

www.aseansec.org/CN-PONREPP.pdf

TCG Report. Post-Nargis Periodic Review I (2008) Tripartite Core Group (TCG).

http://www.asean.org/22119.pdf

TCG Report. Post-Nargis Periodic Review II (2009) Tripartite Core Group (TCG).

http://www.asean.org/CN-TCG2.pdf

Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Response for WASH: Reference Note (2009) Water Supply

and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC). www.wsscc.org

Health and Disaster Risk Reduction: Policy Paper (2009) Merlin.

Safe Hospitals Checklist (2009) Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO).

Hospital Disaster Plan, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.

http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/rl_dsl/hospital/hospitaldisastrplng.htm

Community Driven Recovery: Cyclone Nargis One Year On (2009) United Nations Development

Programme. http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2009.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/VVOS-7VAK63-

full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf

Hospitals Safe from Disasters: Reduce Risk, Protect Health Facilities, Save Lives. World Health

Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia (WHO-SEARO),

http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Hospitals_Safe_from_Disasters_SEARO_Safe_Hospitals_Brochure.pdf

Guidelines for vulnerability reduction in the design of new health facilities (2004) World Health

Organization (WHO), Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) and Provention Consortium, the

World Bank Group.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Preparedness fro Health Facilities, World Health Organisation, Japan.

Protecting New Health Facilities from Natural Disasters: Guidelines for the Promotion of Disaster

Mitigation (2003) Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO).

http://www.preventionweb.net/files/629_10343.pdf

Myanmar Live After Nargis (2009) Chachavalpongpun and Thuzar .


Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management in Myanmar (2009), Asian Disaster

Preparedness Center (ADPC).

http://www.adpc.net/v2007/IKM/ONLINE%20DOCUMENTS/downloads/2009/Institutional%20Arrangeme

nts%20for%20DM%20in%20Myanmar.pdf

Increasing Access to Health Workers in Remote and Rural Areas through Improved Retention: Global

Policy Recommendations (2010) World Health Organization

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564014_eng.pdf

Nutrition and Disaster Preparedness: Focusing on Vulnerability, Building Capacities (2006) Marion E

Wright and Maija Vesala-Husemann

http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents

/Volume112006/No3Sept06/tpc31_516086.aspx


http://www.aseansec.org/CN-PONREPP.pdf


http://www.asean.org/CN-TCG2.pdf

http://www.wsscc.org/

http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/rl_dsl/hospital/hospitaldisastrplng.htm

http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2009.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/VVOS-7VAK63-full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf

http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2009.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/VVOS-7VAK63-full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf

http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Hospitals_Safe_from_Disasters_SEARO_Safe_Hospitals_Brochure.pdf

http://www.preventionweb.net/files/629_10343.pdf


http://www.adpc.net/v2007/IKM/ONLINE%20DOCUMENTS/downloads/2009/Institutional%20Arrangements%20for%20DM%20in%20Myanmar.pdf

http://www.adpc.net/v2007/IKM/ONLINE%20DOCUMENTS/downloads/2009/Institutional%20Arrangements%20for%20DM%20in%20Myanmar.pdf

http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume112006/No3Sept06/tpc31_516086.aspx

http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume112006/No3Sept06/tpc31_516086.aspx



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em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifrI tusOf;csKyf

em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;aMumifh vlaetdrfajcrsm;omru vrf;rsm;? oabFmqdyfrsm;? a&ESifh

ywf0ef;usif oefU&Sif;a&;pepfrsm;? avmifpmay;ydkUaompepfrsm;? vQyfppf"mwftm;vdkif;rsm;

tygt0if t"duta&;ygaom tajccHtaqmuftODrsm; us,fus,fjyefUjyefU xdcdkufysufpD;chJygonf/

usef;rma&;u@wGifvnf; qdk;&Gm;pGm xdckdufrI &SdchJygonf/ a&t&if;tjrpf trsm;tjym; npfnrf;

chJNyD; pm;eyf&du©m odkavSmifxm;&SdrIrsm;vnf; xdcdkufysufpD;chJygonf/ avjyif;wdkufcwfjcif;aMumifh

opfyifrsm;? vQyfppf"mwftm;vdkif;rsm; NydKvJNyD; rkefwdkif;ESifhtwl rkefwdkif;'Da&wufchJjcif;aMumifh

aus;&Gmtrsm;tjym; a&epfjrKyfchJygonf/ v,f,mpdkufcif;rsm; tm;vkH;eD;yg; ysufpD;chJ&NyD; rkefwdkif;

wdkuf½dkuf 0ifa&muf wdkufcwfchJaom e,fajra'orsm;wGif tdk;tdrfrsm; tm;vkH;eD;yg; ysufpD;chJygonf/

rkefwdkif; wdkuf½dkuf0ifa&mufwdkufcwfjcif; r½Sdaom teD;tem; e,fajra'o trsm;tjym;wGifvnf;

vQyfppf "mwftm;ESifh qufoG,fa&;vdkif;rsm; NydKvJysufpD;jcif;? tjcm;tajccH taqmuftODrsm;

ysufpD;jcif;wdkY tESHUtjym; jzpfyGm;chJygonf/

em*pfavab;wHkYjyefrI

EdkifiHawmftpdk;&? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tajcpdkufaomvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;? yk*¾vduvkyfief;rsm;ESifh

vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf em*pfavab; wHkUjyefrI vsifjrefpGm jyKvkyfchJygonf/ 0efBuD;csKyf OuúXtjzpf

aqmif&Gufaom trsdK;om; obm0ab; umuG,fapmifha½Smufa&; A[dkaumfrwD (NDPCC) onf

wHkUjyefrI BudK;yrf; tm;xkwfa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk OD;aqmifvsuf ta&;ay: obm0ab; wHkUjyefa&;

qyfaumfrwD (10)ckukd zGJUpnf;chJygonf/ rkefwdkif;0ifa&muf wdkufcwfaom e,fajra'otwGif;&Sd

NrdKUe,frsm;wGif u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk aqmif&Gufaejcif;tm;

teD;uyf xda&mufpGm BuD;MuyfEdkif&eftwGuf xdckdufrI trsm;qkH; NrdKUe,f (12)NrdKUe,ftwGuf 0efBuD;

(12)OD;udk wm0efay;chJygonf/

ukvor*¾ESifh EdkifiHwumtpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u ta&;ay:wHkUjyefrIaqmif&Guf&mü

vkyfief;tpktzGJU (12)&yfjzifh pkpnf;aqmif&Gufygonf/ ,if;vkyfief; tpktzGJUrsm;onf usef;rma&;?

tm[m&jynfh0rI? cdkvIH&mae&m? a&? ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;ESifh wpfudk,f&nfoefU&Sif;a&;?

axmufyhHa&;ESifh ydkUaqmifa&; tygt0if ta&;ygaom vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh oufqdkifonfh vkyfief;

tpktzGJUrsm; jzpfygonf/ tmqD,H\ a'otqifhwHkUjyefrIrSm obm0ab; pDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifh

ta&;ay: tajctae wHkUjyefrIqdkif&m tmqD,H oabmwlnDcsuf\ oabmxm;ESifh &nf&G,fcsuf

rsm;twdkif; udkufnDrI&Sdygonf/ tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;rS EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;rsm;onf em*pfavab;

awGUBuHKcHpm;&olrsm;twGuf tmqD,H vlom;csif;pmema&; taxmuftuljyKvkyfief;tzGJUudk

wnfaxmifchJygonf/ ,if;tzGJUudk tmqD,HtaxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;u OD;aqmifchJygonf/ xkdUtjyif

u,fq,fa&; vkyfief;rsm; nd§EdIif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Guf&ef jynfaxmifpkor®®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&?

tmqD,HESifh ukvor*¾wdkUyg0ifaom okH;yGifhqdkifA[dktzGJUudkvnf; zGJUpnf;chJygonf/ EdkifiHwpf0ef;&Sd



- 59 -

jrefrmjynfolvlxkuvnf; rkefwdkif;avab;BuHKawGU&aom jynfolvlxkrsm;twGuf aiGaMu;ESifh

ypönf;rsm;udk &ufa&mpGm vSL'gef;chJMuygonf/ em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumv yl;wGJtuJjzwfrI (PONJA)

tpD&ifcHpmt& jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;xHrS aiGaMu;ESifh ypönf; vSL'gef;rIrSm (2008)ckESpf ZGefv

(28)&ufaeUtxd pkpkaygif; tar&duefa':vm (11.86)oef;zdk;txd &SdchJygonf/ rSwfwrf;wif

pm&if;a&;oGif;Edkifjcif; r&Sdonfh trnfrazmfaom vSL'gef;rIrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;&Sdygonf/

em*pfvGef jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;

trsKd;om;tqifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;pDrHudef; - trsdK;om; obm0ab; umuG,fapmifha½Smufa&;

A[dkaumfrwD (NDPCC) u em*pfrkefwdkif;aMumifh xdcdkufaome,fajra'orsm; jyefvnfxlaxmif

a&;ESifh aemiftcg jzpfyGm;vmrnfh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh umuG,f

apmifha&Smufa&; tpDtpOfrsm; taumiftxnfazmfa&;udk (2008)ckESpf Mo*kwfv (15)&ufaeUwGif

xkwfjyefchJygonf/ em*pfrkefwdkif;aMumifh NrdKUe,f (48) NrdKUe,f ({&m0wDwdkif;wGif (7) NrdKUe,fESifh

&efukefwdkif;wGif NrdKUe,f(40)wGif xdcdkufysufpD;rI ½SdchJaomfvnf; NrdKUe,f (10)NrdKUe,fwGif xdcdkufrIrSm

tqdk;&Gm;qkH; jzpfygonf/ ,if;wdkUteuf (7)NrdKUe,frSm {&m0wDwdkif;wGifjzpfNyD; (3)NrdKUe,frSm

&efukefwdkif;wGif jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;pDrHudef;wGif tqifh (3)qifhjzifh

vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&ef azmfjyxm;ygonf/

ta&;ay:u,fq,fa&;tpDtrHrsm; NyD;pD;atmif aqmif½Gufjcif;

jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;? jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&; tpDtrHrsm; vkyfaqmifjcif; ESifh

umv&SnfBudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh obm0ab;rsm;rS umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; tpDtrHrsm;

aqmif&Gufjcif; wdkUjzpfygonf/

pDrHudef;wGif ydkrdkaumif;rGefpGm jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk twdtvif; &nfnTef;

azmfjyxm;NyD; ydkrdkícHEdkif&nf&Sdaom ydkrdkaumif;rGefonfh b0aexdkifrItajctaersm;ESifh tajccH

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk zefwD;&ef azmfjyxm;ygonf/ jynfwGif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nf

rsm;udk tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKNyD; wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif jyifyrS nd§EdIif;aygif;pyf ay;tyfvmaom tultnD

rsm;udkvnf; BudKqdkvufcHygonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm aiGaMu; tultnD? ypönf;ESifh 0efaqmifrI tultnD?

enf;ynmydkif; todynmESifh uRrf;usifrI tultnDwdkU jzpfygonf/ pDrHudef;t& jyefvnf

xlaxmifa&;ESifh jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;wGif us,fjyefUaom e,fy,f (3)&yf

yg0ifygonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm xdckdufysufpD;oGm;aom NrdKUrsm;ESifh aus;&Gmrsm; jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;?

pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;? zGHUNzdK;a&; vkyfaqmifjcif;ESifh aemiftcg obm0ab;

usa&mufrItwGuf BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/

em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumv jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifhBudKwifjyifqifrI tpDtpOf (PONREPP) -

okH;yGifhqdkif A[dktzGJU TCG onf em*pfvGef jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifa&; tpDtpOfudk

(2008)ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif a&;om;jyKpkchJygonf/ ,if;pDrHudef;wGif rkefwdkif;aMumifh xdcdkufaom

e,fajra'orsm;ü a&&SnfwnfwhHonfh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; wdk;jr§ifhaqmif½Guf&efESifh



- 60 -

wdk;wufrIrsm;udk cdkifrmap&ef (2009)ckESpfrS (2011)ckESpftxd oHk;ESpfoufwrf;½Sdaom r[mAsL[mudk

tusOf; azmfjychJygonf/ EdkifiHawmftpkd;&\ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;pDrHudef;ESifh jznfhzufjzpfaom

vkyfief;wpf&yf jzpfygonf/ þpDrHudef;wGif tcef; (3)cef; yg0ifNyD; jynfolvlxkA[dkjyKaom

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b0aexdkifrIrsm; jzpfapa&;[lí arQmfrSef;csufjzifh toufarG;0rf;aMumif; vkyfief;rsm;? cdkvIH&mae&m?

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obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI[laom u@ (8)&yfü vkyfief; tpDtpOfrsm;

aqmif&Guf&ef azmfjyxm;ygonf/ (3)ESpfwmumvtwGif; vkyfief;udk xdcdkufEdkifonfh

pGrf;aqmif&nf uefUowfcsufrsm; jzpfay:vmEdkifjcif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;NyD; tv,ftvwf

umv vdktyfcsufrsm;twGuf pDrHudef; aqmif½Guf&ef tar&duefa':vm oef;(800) vdktyfrnf[k

arQmfrSef;ygonf/

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avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m tcef;u@rsm;udk xnhfoGif;a&; r[mAsL[mvrf;nTefcsuf yg0ifygonf/

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jzpfNyD; WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, JICA, Oxfam, Merlin, Marie Stope International ESifh

usef;rma&; t"du aqmif&Gufaom tjcm;EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh eD;uyfpGm yl;aygif;

aqmif&Gufygonf/ ,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh rdwfzuftjzpf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rSm em*pfavab;

rusa&mufrDuyif aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;enf;ynm vkyfief;tkyfpk\ jyefvnf

xlaxmifa&; OD;wnfcsufrSm em*pfavab;aMumifh xdcdkufrIS trsm;jym;qkH;jzpfNyD; oGm;a&;vma&;

cufcJaom e,fajra'orsm;&Sd jynfolvlxkrsm;tMum;wGif usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI

0efaqmifrIrsm; wdk;wuf&&Sdap&ef jzpfygonf/ arQmfrSef;xGufay:&v'frsm;rSm (tm[m& jynfh0a&;ESihf

umuG,faq;xdk;ESHjcif; tygt0if) rdcifESifh uav;rsm;twGuf t&nftaoG; jrihfrm;aomtajccH

usef;rma&; apmifha&SmufrI 0efaqmifrIrsm; wkd;jr§ifhjznfhqnf;ay;a&;? &,ltokH;jyKEdkifa&;ESifh

xdckdufaom jynfolvlxktm; pdwfESifh vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&m yhHydk;rI jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/

(2010)ckESpf ZGefv (18)&ufaeUwGif usif;ychJaom wwd,tBudrf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; aqG;aEG;yGJ

tzGJU (zdk&rf) tpnf;ta0;wGif atmufazmfjyyg atmifjrifrIrsm;udk PONREPP atmufwGif

usef;rma&;ESifh WASH u@rsm;ü tpD&ifcHwifjychJygonf/

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BudKwif wm;qD;umuG,fa&;? tm[m&csKdUwhJrIaMumifh jzpfyGm;vmrnfh a&m*grsm;udk wm;qD;



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umuG,fonfh jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI &&SdchJygonf/ usef;rma&;Xme (843)ckodkU aq;0g;rsm; ykHrSef

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a&odkavSmifonfhypönf;rsm; (pOfhtdk;rsm;? yvyfpwpfykH;rsm;) (600,000) ausmfudk tdrfaxmifpk

rsm;odkU jzefUa0ay;chJjcif;

vlaygif; (600,000) xufrenf;tm; tusKd;aus;Zl;jzpfxGef;aprnfh a&oefUpifypönf;rsm;

jzefUa0ay;chJjcif;

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tpDtpOf om;qufjcm;jcif;? a&GUvsm;aq;ay;cef;rsm;? uav;oli,f tm[m&jynfh0a&; rdcif



- 62 -

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qdkif&m IEC ypönf;rsm;jzefUa0jcif;

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tultnD ay;a&; ypönf;rsm;jzefUa0jcif;

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jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&ef azmfjyxm;ygonf/

12

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(tif*sDtdk)rsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvsuf em*pfrjzpfyGm;rDuyifvQif usef;rma&; t&m&Sdrsm;twGuf pdwfESifhvlrIa&;ydkif;

yhHydk;rIqdkif&m avhusihfoifwef;ay;rIrsm; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdyg onf/ odkU&mwGif em*pfrkefwdkif; wdkufcwfjcif;aMumifh pdwfESifhvlrIa&;ydkif;

pdk;&drfylyefrI udpö&yfrsm; a&SUwef;odkU a&muf&Sdvmygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHMuufajceDtoif;uhJodkUaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf xdcdkufaom

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- 63 -

EdkifiHawmftpdk;& usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeqdkif&m aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;

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pOf tzGJU0ifrsm;

1/ aq;½kHtkyfBuD; (uGyfuJrIESifh xdef;csKyfrI)

2/ xdcdkuf'Pf&mESifh t½dk;a&m*gXme ygarmu© XmerSL;

3/ OD;aESmufESifh tm½kHaMuma&m*gXme ygarmu© XmerSL;

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7/ arhaq;ynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;

8/ rsufESmESifh ar;½dk;cGJpdwfukynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;



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9/ "mwfrSefynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;

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tm;vkH; rdrdwdkU\ tcef;u@rsm;ESifh wm0efrsm;udk od&SdNyD; 0efxrf;topfrsm;tm; pDrHcsuf

taMumif; od½Sdap&ef jzpfygonf/)

vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh aq;0g;odkavSmifxm;&SdrIrsm;udk pDrHcsufESifhtnDxdef;odrf;xm;&Sd&ef

pDrHcsufudkjyefvnfokH;oyfNyD; aemufqkH; tajctaejznfhpGufjyifqif&ef

&efukefjynfolYaq;½kHBuD;wGif uGef&ufaq;½kHrsm;pepf&Sdygonf/ xkdUaMumifh vltrsm; xdcdkuf'Pf&m

&&SdrI? aoqHk;rI jzpfyGm;aomtcgwGif tcsKdUaomvlemrsm;udk tjcm;aom uGef&ufaq;½kHrsm;odkU

vTJajymif; ay;ydkUEkdifygonf/ ]uGef&ufaq;½kHrsm;pepft&} taxGaxGa&m*gukaq;½kHopfBuD;ESifh

aq;wuúodkvf wdkUonf &efukefaq;½kHBuD;twGuf t&Haq;½Hkrsm;tjzpf aqmif&Gufay;Edkifygonf/

aq;½kHBuD;wGif a&GUvsm;tpktzGJU ESpfzGJU yg0ifNyD; wpfzGJUpDwGif taxGaxGa&m*guk cGJpdwfq&m0efBuD;?

xdcdkuf'Pf&mESifh t½dk;ukq&m0efBuD;? orm;awmfBuD;? olemjyKq&mrESifh tvkyform;rsm; yg0ifyg

onf/ pDrHcsufwGif ]xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;ukoonfhpepf} (Triage) yg0ifNyD; vkyfief;

tqifhqifhudk atmufwGif Z,m;jzifh azmfjyxm;ygonf/ BudKwifjyifqifrIudk ppfaq;&efESifh

wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmif aqmif&GufEdkifrnfh e,fy,frsm;udk azmfxkwf&eftwGuf aq;½kHtaqmif

tvdkuf Zmwfwdkuf avhusihfrIrsm;udkvnf; aqmif&GufNyD; jzpfygonf/



- 65 -

&efukefaq;½kHBuD;

xdcdkuf'Pf&m&&Sdonfh vlemrsm;twGuf ta&;ay:pDrHcsuf

vkyfief;tqifhqifhjyZ,m;

xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;ukojcif;

tonf;toefvlem a&m*gjyif;xef 'Pf&mtenf;i,f&½Sdol aoqHk;NyD;

OD;pm;ay; 1 OD;pm;ay; 2 OD;pm;ay; 3 a&cJwdkuf

(cGJpdwfcef;)vlemcef; (cGJpdwfcef;)vlemcef; (cGJpdwfcef;)vlemcef;

toufqufay;jcif;

[ cGJ pdwf cef; ]

[ vl em aqmif rsm; ]



- 66 -

tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aomaq;½Hk jzpfapa&;twGuf ppfaq;&eftcsufrsm; pm&if;

atmufazmfjyygtusOf;csKyfazmfjyxm;onfh ppfaq;&eftcsufrsm;pm&if;udk PAHO tEÅ&m,f

uif;&Sif;aom aq;½kHrsm; ppfaq;&ef tcsufrsm;pm&if;rS qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifazmfjyxm;ygonf/

taqmufttHk½IaxmifhrSvnf;aumif;? taqmufttHkr[kwfaom ½IaxmifhrSvnf;aumif;

aq;½kHrsm;udk tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;t& qef;ppfavhvm&mwGif tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/

aq;½kH\wnfae&m

aq;½kH\wnfae&m

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rItqifh

r½Sd ½Sd

edrfhus ysrf;rQ jrifhrm;

1/ blrdjzpfpOfrsm;

ivsifvIyfjcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? jywfa&GUaMum

rsm;ESifheD;uyfjcif;? ajrvTmtrsKd;tpm;)

rD;awmifaygufuGJjcif; (rD;awmif odkUr[kwf rD;awmif

vIyf&Sm;rIESifh eD;uyfjcif;)

ajrNydKjcif; (awmifrsm;ESifheD;uyfjcif;? qifajcavQmrsm;

\ wnfNidrfrI)

qlemrDa&vIdif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? yifv,fESifh eD;jcif;)

2/ rdk;av0oESifh ZvaA'jzpfpOfrsm;

[m&Dudef;^qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; (,cifu jzpfyGm; cJhjcif;rsm;)

a&vTrf;rdk;jcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? a&ESihf eD;jcif;)

rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;)

tjcm;jzpfpOfrsm; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;)

3/ obm0ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;jzpfpOfrsm; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifhaq;½kHteD;wpf0dkufe,fajra'o)

uyfa&m*grsm; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? ,if;odkU aom

jzpfpOfrsm;udk aq;½kHu udkifwG,fEdkifonfh pGrf;&nf)

npfnrf;jcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? ,if;odkUaom

jzpfpOfrsm;udk aq;½kHu udkifwG,fEdkifonfhpGrf;&nf)

a&m*gul;pufjcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? ,if;odkU aom

jzpf&yfrsm;udk aq;½kHuudkifwG,fEdkifonfhpGrf;&nf)

tjcm;jzpfpOfrsm; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhaom tjcm;

jzpfpOftrsKd;tpm;rsm;? ,if;odkUaom jzpfpOfrsm;udk aq;½kHu

udkifwG,fEdkifonfhpGrf;&nf)

4/ "mwkaA'ESifh odkUr[kwf enf;ynmjzpfpOfrsm;

aygufuGJjcif; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifhteD;w0dkufwGif

aygufuGJEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;wnf&SdrI)

rD;avmifjcif; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifh aq;½kH teD;w0dkuf



- 67 -

wGif ,cifujzpfpOfrsm;? BudKwifjyifqifrItpDtrHrsm;)

tEÅ&m,f&Sdaomypönf;rsm; ,dkpdrfhjcif; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifh

aq;½kHw0dkufwGif ,cifujzpfyGm;chJzl;jcif;rsm;?

BudKwifjyifqifa&;tpDtrHrsm;)

tjcm; jzpfpOfrsm; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifh teD;w0dkuf wGif ,cifu

jzpfyGm;chJjcif;rsm;? BudKwifjyifqifrI tpDtrHrsm;)

taqmufttHkydkif;qdkif&mtEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;

aq;½kH taqmufttHk\ cdkifrmrI tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rItqifh


taqmufttHk tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; ,cifjzpfpOf

obm0jzpf&yf\ &v'ftjzpf ,cifu aq;½kHwGif taqmufttHk

xdcdkufysufpD;rI&SdchJzl;onf/

edrfhus = t"duxdckdufysufpD;rI

ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh xdcdkufysufpD;rI

jrifhrm; = tenf;i,f xdcdkufysufpD;rI

acwfrD tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk tokH;jyKí aq;½kHudk

jyefvnfjyKjyifxm;ygovm; odkUr[kwf wnfaqmufxm;ygovm;/

edrfhus = tokH;rjyKchJyg/

ysrf;rQ = wpfpdwfwpfa'otokH;jyKchJygonf/

jrifhrm; = tjynfht0tokH;jyKchJygonf/

aq;½kHudk ykHpHtopfajymif;vJjcif; odkUr[kwf jyKjyif ajymif;vJjcif;

rsm;&SdchJygovm;/

edrfhus = tBuD;pm; yHkpHajymif;vJjcif; odkUr[kwf jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;rsm;

vkyfaqmifchJonf/

ysrf;rQ = ysrf;rQ^toifhtwifh jyKjyifajymif;vJxm;onf/

jrifhrm; = tenf;i,frQom ajymif;vJonf/

aqmufvkyfa&;pepfESifh taqmufttHkwGif tokH;jyKaom ypönf;trsKd;tpm;

aqmufvkyfa&;t&nftaoG;

edrfhus = &moDOwkaMumifh,dk,Gif;ysufpD;aeNyD; yxrxyfwGif tufaMumif;rsm;

ay:aeonf/

ysrf;rQ = &moDOwkaMumifh ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;om ½Sdygonf/

jrifhrm; = aumif;rGefygonf/ ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif; odkUr[kwf

tufaMumif;rsm;rawGU&Sd&yg/

aqmufvkyfa&;ypönf;rsm;\ tajctae

edrfhus = oHacs;wufNyD; tvTmtzwfrsm; uGmusvsuf 3 rDvDrDwmxuf

ydkvGefaom tufaMumif;rsm;&Sdonf/

ysrf;rQ = (1) rDvDrDwmESifh (3) rDvDrDwmMum; tufaMumif;rsm;&Sdonf/

oHacs;rIefUrsm;&Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = (1) rDvDrDwmatmuf ao;i,faom tufaMumif;rsm; &Sdonf?

oHacs;r&Sdyg/

taqmufttHkr[kwfaom tydkif;rsm;u taqmufttHk tay:



- 68 -

oufa&mufrIrsm;

edrfhus = tuGmta0;rSm ydkí edrfhaom taqmufttHk\ tjrifh (0.5%) xuf

avsmhenf;onf/

ysrf;rQ = tuGmta0;rSm ydkí edrfhaom taqmufttHk\ tjrifh (0.5%) rS

(1.5%) txd &Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = tuGmta0;rSm ydkí edrfhaom taqmufttHk\ tjrifh (1.5%) xuf

ausmfvGefonf/

taqmufttHkrsm;eD;uyfjcif; (½dkufcwfjcif;cH&rnfh tEÅ&m,f?

usOf;ajrmif;aom avvrf;aMumif; jzpfay:jcif;? rD;avmifrIrsm; ponfwdkU)

edrfhus = uyfvsuf taqmufttHkESpfcktMum; tuGmta0;rSm ydkrdkíedrfhaom

taqmufttHk\ tjrihf (0.5%) xuf avsmhenf;onf/

ysrf;rQ = uyfvsuf taqmufttHkESpfcktMum; tuGmta0;rSm ydkrdkíedrfhaom

taqmufttHk\ tjrihf (0.5%) rS (1.5%) txd &Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = uyfvsuf taqmufttHkESpfcktMum; tuGmta0;rSm ydkrdkíedrfhaom

taqmufttHk\ tjrihf (1.5%) xuf ausmfvGefonf/

taqmufttHk zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrItydkif;wGif vdktyfonfxuf ydkvGefí

jznfhqnf; wnfaqmufxm;jcif;

edrfhus = OD;wnf&mbufwpfckpDwGif a'guf odkUr[kwf wdkif odkUr[kwf wef;rsm;

(3) ckatmuf avsmhenf;onf/

ysrf;rQ = axmifhrwf ryg OD;wnf&mbufwpfckpDwGif a'guf odkUr[kwf wdkif

odkUr[kwf wef;rsm; (3) ckpD½Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = axmifhrwfusaom OD;wnf&mbuf wpfckpDwGif a'guf odkUr[kwf wdkif

odkUr[kwf wef;rsm; (3) ckpDxuf ausmfvGefonf/

csdwfqufrsm; tygt0if taqmufttHkydkif; tao;pdwf tcsufrsm;

edrfhus = (1970) jynfhESpfrsm; rwdkifrDu wnfaqmufonf/

ysrf;rQ = (1970) jynfhESpfrsm; odkUr[kwf 1980 jynfhESpfrsm;wGifwnfaqmufonf/

jrifhrm; = (1990) jynfhESpfrsm; odkUr[kwf xkdUaemufydkif;wGif wnfaqmufonf/

tkwfjrpfrsm; tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = tkwfjrpfESifh pyfvsOf;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;r&Sdyg/ tkwfjrpf\teufrSm

(1.5) rDwmxufavsmhenf;onf/

ysrf;rQ = taqmufttHkykHpHrsm;ESifh ajrvTmqef;ppfavhvmrIrsm; r&Sdyg/

tkwfjrpf\teufrSm (1.5) rDwmxuf ydkvGefonf/

jrifhrm; = taqmufttHkykHpHrsm;? ajrvTmavhvmcsufrsm; &Sdonf/

tkwfjrpf\teufrSm (1.5) rDwmxuf ydkvGefonf/

taqmufttHkykHpHrsm;wGif ykHrSefr[kwfaomtcsufrsm; (cdkifrmrI? xkxnfESifh

cHEdkif&nf)

edrfhus = ykHo@mefrsm;rSm tcsdK;nD r[kwfbJ taqmufttHkrSm wpfajy;nD

rjzpfyg/

ysrf;rQ = ykHo@mefrsm;rSm tcsdK;rnDaomfvnf; taqmufttHkrSm wpfajy;nD

jzpfonf/

jrifhrm; = ykHo@mefrsm;rSm tcsdK;nDNyD; taqmufttHkrSmvnf; wpfajy;nD

ykHpH&Sdonf/

tjrifhykHrSefr[kwfjcif;rsm; (cdkifrmrI? xkxnfESifh cHEdkif&nf)

edrfhus = txyfrsm;rSm tjrifhrwlnDyg/ wpfqufwnf;r[kwfyg/ ykHrSefr[kwfaom



- 69 -

tpdwftydkif;rsm;&Sdonf/

ysrf;rQ = txyfrsm;rSmtvm;wltjrifh&Sdonf/ (20%xuf ydkvGefí

uGJjym;jcm;em;rI r&Sdyg/) odkUr[kwf wpfqufwnf; r[kwfaom

odkUr[kwf ykHrSefr[kwfaom tydkif;rsm;r&Sdyg/

jrifhrm; = txyfrsm;rSm tvm;wltjrifh&Sdonf/ (20%xuf ydkvGefí

uGmjcm;jcif;r&Sdyg/) xdkUtjyif wpfqufwnf; r[kwfaom odkUr[kwf

ykHrSef r[kwfaom tydkif;rsm; r&Sdyg/

jzpfpOfjzpf&yftrsKd;rsKd;twGuf taqmufttHkydkif; vdkufavsm nDaxG

jyKjyifajymif;vJxm;jcif;rsm; (rdk;av0o? blrdaA' ponfwdkU)

taqmufttHkr[kwfaom tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rIqdkif&m tpdwftydkif;rsm;

taqmufttHkr[kwfaom tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rItqifh


ta&;ygaompepfrsm;

1-1 vQyfppfpepf

*sifea&wmrsm;onf vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;ay;EdkifrI

edrfhus = (0–30%)? ysrf;rQ = (31–70%)? jrifhrm; = (71–100%)

*sifea&wmrsm;udk obm0jzpfpOfrsm;aMumifh xdckdufysufpD;jcif;rS

tumtuG,fay;xm;jcif;

edrfhus = r½Sd? ysrf;rQ = wpfpdwfwpfa'o? jrifhrm; = ½Sdonf/

vQyfppfBudK;rsm; tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI


aq;½kH\ta&;ygaom tydkif;rsm;twGuf rD;xGef;nd§aompepf


1-2 qufoG,fa&;pepf

tifwmemwdkifrsm;ESifhtifwmem a'gufrsm;\ tajctae

edrfhus = nHh? ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh? jrifhrm; = aumif;rGef

ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifhBudK;rsm; ae&mra&GUatmif csdwfwG,fxm;aom

ypönf;rsm;? a'gufrsm;\ enf;ynmtajctae


taqmufttHkaqmufvkyfxm;&mae&mwGif qufoG,fa&; pepfrsm;twGuf

vkHavmufaom tajctae&Sdjcif;


1-3 a&ay;a0rIpepf

a&wdkifuDwGif aq;½kHukwifwpfvkH;vQif wpfaeUvDwm 300 xuf renf;

(72) em&DMum jznfhqnf;ay;Edkifonfh t&ef a&yrmP &Sdonf/

edrfhus = (24) em&Dxuf enf;

ysrf;rQ = (24) em&Dxuf ausmfvGefaomfvnf; (72)em&D rjynfh

jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72)em&DtwGuf vkHavmufonf/

a&odkavSmifaomuefrsm;rSm umuG,fay;xm;aom ae&mwGif &Sdonf/

edrfhus = taqmufttHkwnf½Sd&m ae&mwGif taqmufttHkydkif; odkUr[kwf

taqmufttHkydkif; r[kwfaom ysufpD;rI jzpfEkdifonf/



- 70 -

ysrf;rQ = ysufpD;rIonf taqmufttHk rNydKusapEdkifyg/

jrifhrm; = taqmufttHk\ vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIydkif; ysufpD;rI jzpfEdkifajc

enf;yg;onf/

a&jzefUa0onfhpepf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI (tqdkU&Sifrsm;? ydkufrsm;?

tqufrsm;)

edrfhus = (60%)xuf avsmhenf;í aumif;rGefpGmtokH;jyKEdkifaom

taetxm;&Sdonf/

ysrf;rQ = (60%) ESifh (80%) tMum; aumif;rGefaom tajctae &Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = (80%) txuf aumif;rGefaom tajctae &Sdonf/

jznfhpGufa&pkyfpepf

edrfhus = t&efa&pkyfpufr&Sdyg/ a&pkyf,lEdkifaom yrmPrSm aeUpOfvdktyfcsufudk

rjynfhrDyg/

ysrf;rQ = a&pkyfpyfrsm;tm;vkH; toifhtwifh taetxm;½Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = a&pkyfpufrsm; ESifh t&efpepfrsm; tm;vkH; tokH;jyKEdkif onfh

taetxm; ½Sdonf/

1-4 avmifpmodkavSmifxm;&Sdjcif; ("mwfqD? 'DZ,f)

avmifpmwdkifuDrsm;rSm tenf;qkH; (5) &ufpm qefUonf/

edrfhus = (3) &ufpmxufavsmhenf;

ysrf;rQ = (3) &ufrS (5) &ufpm

jrifhrm; = (5) &uf okdUr[kwf xkdUxufydkrdk

avmifpmodkavSmifxm;aom ae&modkU oGm;a&mufEkdifNyD;

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom ae&mwGif &Sdonf/

edrfhus = ysufpD;rnfhtEÅ&m,f&Sdonf/ odkUr[kwf wdkufuDrsm;odkU

oGm;a&mufEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = tajctae(2)&yfteuf wpf&yf jynfhrDonf/

jrifhrm; = avmifpmodkavSmifxm;onfh wdkifuDrsm;odkUoGm; a&mufEdkifNyD;

¤if;wdkUrSmvkHNcHKaom ae&mwGif&Sdonf/

avmifpmjzefUa0a&;pepf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; (tqdkU&Sifrsm;? ydkufrsm;ESifh

tqufrsm;)

edrfhus = pepf\ (60%)xuf avsmhenf;í aumif;rGefpGm tokH;jyKEdkifaom

taetxm;&Sdonf/

ysrf;rQ = pepf\ (60%) ESifh (80%) tMum; aumif;rGefpGm tokH;jyKEkdifaom

tajctae&Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = pepf\ (80%)ausmf aumif;rGefpGm tokH;jyKEdkifaom

taetxm;&Sdonf/

1-5 aq;0g;uko&mwGif tokH;jyKaom "mwfaiGUrsm;(atmufqD*sif? Edkufx½dk*sif ponfwdkU)

wdkifuDrsm;? qvif'grsm;ESifh qufpyfypönf;rsm;twGuf csdwfwG,fud&d,mrsm;

edrfhus = csdwfwG,fud&d,mrsm;r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = csdwfwG,fud&d,mrsm; t&nftaoG;rvkHavmufyg/

jrifhrm; = csdwfwG,fud&d,mrsm; t&nftaoG;aumif;onf/

aq;0g;uko&mwGif tokH;jyKaom "mwfaiGUwdkifuDrsm;ESifh odkUr[kwf

qvif'grsm;ESifhqufpyf ypönf;rsm;udk umuG,f apmifha&Smufjcif;

edrfhus = oD;oefU ae&mr&Sdyg/,if;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk tokH;jyK&eftwGuf

t&nftcsif;jynhfrDaom 0efxrf;rsm;vnf;r&Sd yg/



- 71 -

ysrf;rQ = oD;oefUae&m&Sdonf/ odkUr[kwf t&nftcsif;jynfhrDaom 0efxrf;rsm;u

udkifwG,ftokH;jyKonf/

jrifhrm; = oD;oefUae&mvnf;&SdNyD; t&nftcsif;jynfhrDaom 0efxrf;rsm;uvnf;

udkifwG,ftokH;jyKonf/

odkavSmifxm;&Sd&efae&m tvkHtavmuf½Sdjcif;

edrfhus = aq;0g;uko&mwGiftokH;jyKaom "mwfaiGUrsm; odkavSmif

xm;&Sd&eftwGuf ae&mrsm;owfrSwfxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = odkavSmifxm;&Sd&efae&mrsm; owfrSwfxm;aomfvnf;

tEÅ&m,frsm;aomae&mjzpfonf/

jrifhrm; = ae&mrsm;rSm tvG,fwul oGm;a&mufEdkifNyD; tEÅ&m,f r&Sdyg/

ta&;ygaom ae&mrsm;wGif tylay;pepf? av0ifavxGufpepfESifh avat;pepf wyfqif xm;jcif;

ydkufrsm;ESifh >yefrsm;udk vkHavmufpGm csdwfwG,fxm;jcif;ESifh

wdk;csJUtqufrsm;udkjzwfausmfoGm;aom ydkuf? >yefrsm;\ auG;Edkif?

qefUEdkifrIudk ppfaq;xm;½Sdjcif;


ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;\ tokH;jyKEdkifrItajctae (bGdKifvm? avat;pepfrsm;?

avqdk;xkwfpepfrsm; ponfwdkU)


½kH;cef;ESifh pwdkcef;ypönf;rsm;ESifh ud&d,mrsm;

pifrsm;ESifhpifrsm;wGifwifxm;aom ypönf;ud&d,m csdwfwG,fud&d,m

tcdkiftrm&Sdonf/


uGefysLwmrsm; ESifhy&ifwmrsm;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rSK


½kH;okH;ypönf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;\ tajctae


tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;pGm a&m*g½SmazG&efESifh uko&ef tokH;jyKaom aq;0g;ukorIESifh vufawGU prf;oyfcef;oHk;

ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;

cGJpdwfcef;rsm;ESifh vlemrsm; jyefvnfemvefxlaom tcef;rsm;wGif

aq;0g;ukorI ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk ae&mtwnfwusxm;&Sdjcif; (vkHNcHKpGm

aomhcwfxm;jcif;)

edrfhus = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaenhHzsif;onf odkUr[kwf

vkHNcHKpGmrxm;&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeoifhwifhonf/ odkUr[kwf vkHNcHKpGm

xm;&Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = ypönf; ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeaumif;rGefNyD; vkHNcHKpGmvnf;

xm;&Sdonf/

vufawGUprf;oyfcef;okH; ypönf; ud&d,mrsm; tajctaeESifh

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeraumif;rGefyg/ odkUr[kwf vkHNcHKpGm

rxm;&Sdyg/


xm;&Sdonf/



- 72 -


xm;&Sdonf/

ta&;ay:tcef;wGif aq;0g;ukorIypönf;ud&d,mrsm; tajctaeESihf

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeraumif;rGefyg/ odkUr[kwf



xm;&Sdonf/


xm;&Sdonf/

txl;MuyfrwfukoaqmiftwGif;&Sd aq;0g;ukorI ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;

tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI




xm;&Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeaumif;rGefNyD; vkHNcHKpGmvnf;

xm;&Sdonf/

aq;pyfâq;ay;cef;twGif;&Sd ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;\ tajctae ESifh

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI




xm;&Sdonf/


xm;&Sdonf/

tjcm;aom 0efaqmifrIXmersm;&Sd aq;0g;ukorI ypönf;ud&d,m

rsm;\ tajctaeESihf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom ypönf;ud&d,m

rsm;\ 20% ausmf ypönf; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;ydkif; csdKU,Gif;rnfhtEÅ&m,f

&Sdaeonf/ xdkUtjyifôdkUr[kwf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfcsuf r[kwfaom

ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;onf vkyfief;wpfckvkH; aqmif&GufrI udk wdkuf½dkuf

odkUr[kwf oG,f0dkufí tEÅ&m,f jzpfapEdkifonf/

ysrf;rQ = edrfhusvnf;r[kwf? jrifhrm;vnf;r[kwf?

jrifhrm; = r&Sdrjzpfaom ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;teuf 100%ESifh r&Sdrjzpf r[kwfaom

ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;teuf tenf;qkH; 80%udk vkHNcHKpGmxm;&Sdonf/

taqmufttHk tpdwftydkif;rsm;

wHcg;ESifh 0ifaygufrsm;\ tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = wHcg;ESifh odkUr[kwf 0ifaygufrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tokH;jyKEdkifrSK

t[efUtwm;jzpfrnf/ tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh

vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm; udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/

ysrf;rQ = wHcg;ESifh odkUr[kwf 0ifaygufrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom

tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/

jrifhrm; = wHcg;rsm;ESifh ôdkUr[kwf 0ifaygufrsm;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnf



- 73 -

r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf tenf;i,fom xdcdkufysufpD;ygrnf/ þxdcdkuf

ysufpD;rIonf ¤if;wdkUudk tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aomtpdwftydkif;rsm;?

pepfrsm; ESifh vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/

jywif;aygufrsm;ESifhw½kwfuyfrsm;tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = jywif;aygufrsm;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?

pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI rsm;udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/

ysrf;rQ = jywif;aygufrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?

pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI rsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/

jrifhrm; = jywif;aygufrsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD;

þxdcdkufysufpD;rIonf ¤if;wdkUudk tokH;jyKEdkifrI ESifh tjcm;aom

tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk

xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/

taqmufttHkywf0ef;usif tjcm;tpdwftydkif;rsm; tajctaeESifh

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?

pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm; udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/

ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?

pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI rsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/

jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf

tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD; þxdcdkufysufpD;rI onf ¤if;wdkUudk

tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm;

aqmif&Guf EdkifrIudk xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/

acgifrdk;\ tajctaeESihf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = acgifrdk;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh

vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/

ysrf;rQ = acgifrdk;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh

vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/

jrifhrm; = acgifrdk;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD;

þxdcdkufysufpD;rIonf acgifrdk;udk tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom

tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; ESifh vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk

xdckdufrnf r[kwfyg/

vufudkifwef;rsm;? tumt&Hrsm;\ tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = vufudkifwef;rsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?


ysrf;rQ = vufudkifwef;rsm;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?


jrifhrm; = vufudkifwef;rsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf

tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD; þxdcdkuf ysufpD;rI onf ¤if;wdkUudk

tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm;

aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/

taqmufttHkywfvnfeH&H\ tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = eH&Hrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh

vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/

ysrf;rQ = eH&Hrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh

vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/



- 74 -

jrifhrm; = eH&Hrsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD;

þxdcdkufysufpD;rIonf ¤if;wdkUudk tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom

tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk

xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/

tjcm;aomjyifytpdwftydkfif;rsm; (aumfepfrsm;? tqifwefqm rsm;

ponfwdkU)

edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif;rsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?


ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;rsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?


jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf

tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD; þxdcdkufysufpD;rI onf ¤if;wdkUudk

tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm; ESifh vkyfief;

aqmif&GufEdkifrI udk xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/

vlemrsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;olrsm;? aq;½kHarmfawmf,mOfrsm;?

taqmufttHkjyifywGif oGm;vmEdkif&eftwGuf tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;aom

tajctaersm;

edrfhus = taqmufttHk odkUr[kwf vrf;rsm;ESifhavQmufvrf;rsm; xdcdkuf

ysufpD;ygu taqmufttHkrsm;odkU oGm;a&muf EdkifrI xdckdufNyD;

vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm;vnf; tEÅ&m,f jzpfrnf/

ysrf;rQ = taqmufttHk odkUr[kwf vrf;ESifh avQmufvrf;rsm;

xdcdkufysufpD;rIrsm;onf vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm;? aq;½kH

armfawmf,mOfoGm;vmrIrsm;udk taESmifht,Sufrjzpfyg/

jrifhrm; = taqmufttHk odkUr[kwf vrf;ESifhavQmufvrf;rsm; xdckdufysufpD;rnf

r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf tenf;i,fom xdcdkufygrnf/ vrf;oGm;vrf;vm

rsm; odkUr[kwf aq;½kHarmfawmf,mOfrsm; 0ifxGufoGm;vmrIudk

taESmifht,Suf rjzpfyg/

vlemrsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifhtjcm;olrsm; aq;½kHtwGif; oGm;vm Edkif&eftwGuf

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom tajctaersm; (aumf&pf'grsm;? avSum;rsm;?

"mwfavSum;rsm; ponfwdkU)

edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;aMumifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif;rsm;?

pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdckdufrnf/

ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;udk xdckdufaomfvnf; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI

t[efUtwm; jzpfrnfr[kwfyg/

jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnf r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf

tenf;i,fom xdckdufysufpD;NyD; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIudkvnf;aumif;?

tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf

vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; taESmifht,SufjyKrnf r[kwfyg/

taqmufttHktwGif;eH&Hrsm;? tumt&Hrsm;\ tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,f

uif;&Sif;rI

edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif;rsm; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;aMumifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif; rsm;?


ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;udk xdckdufaomfvnf; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI




- 75 -

jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnf r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf

tenf;i,fom xdckdufysufpD;NyD; vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI udkvnf;aumif;?

tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;rsm;udk

vnf;aumif; taESmifht,SufjyKrnf r[kwfyg/

rD;xGef;nd§pepf tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI








vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; taESmifht,SufjyKrnf r[kwfyg/

"mwfavSum;pepf tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI





jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI &Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf



vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; taESmifht,Suf jyKrnf r[kwfyg/

avSum;rsm; tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI


pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdckdufrnf/






vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; taESmifht,Suf jyKrnf r[kwfyg/

Murf;cif;rsm; tajctae ESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI





jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf


tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;rsm;udk


aq;½kHodkU0ifxGufEdkifrI







- 76 -

jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf


tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;rsm;udk


aq;½kH\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifrI pGrf;aqmif&nf vkHNcHKrItydkif;u@rsm;

aq;½kH obm0ab; aumfrwD zGJUpnf;jcif;ESihf

ta&;ay:vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIXme pkzGJUrItqifh

pkzGJUrItqifh


ta&;ay:tajctaeBuD;rsm; odkUr[kwf obm0ab;&efrsm;udk

wkefUjyef&eftwGuf aumfrwDrsm;udk w&m;0ifzGJUpnf;wnfaxmif xm;&Sdjcif;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = &Sdygonf/

jrifhrm; = zGJUpnf;xm;NyD; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/

vkyfief;e,fy,ftoD;oD;rS aumfrwD0ifrsm; yg0ifjcif;

edrfhus = vkyfief;e,fy,f (3)cktxd udk,fpm;jyK yg0ifygonf/

ysrf;rQ = vkyfief;e,fy,f (4)ckrS(5)cktxd udk,fpm;jyKyg0ifonf/

jrifhrm; = vkyfief;e,fy,f (6)ckESifhtxuf yg0ifonf/ (Oyrm -

aq;½kH\ 'g½dkufwm? olemjyK'g½dkufwm? jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&;

tif*sifeD,m? ta&;ay:Xme tBuD;tuJ? aq;0g;ukorI tBuD;tuJ?

cGJpdwfukorI tBuD;tuJ? vufawGUprf;oyfcef;ESifh yhHydk;rI 0efaqmifrI

tBuD;tuJ ponfwdkUjzpfygonf/)

tzGJU0ifwpfOD;pDwGif oD;jcm;wm0efrsm; owfrSwfxm;jcif;

edrfhus = wm0efrsm; owfrSwfxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = wm0efrsm;udk w&m;0if owfrSwfxm;ygonf/

jrifhrm; = tzGJU0ifrsm;tm;vkH;u rdrdwdkU\wm0efrsm;udk od&SdMuygonf/

aq;½kHwGif ta&;ay:vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIXme Emergency Operations

Centre (EOC) &Sdjcif;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = tcef;udk w&m;0ifowf rSwfxm;ygonf/

jrifhrm; = EOC &SdNyD; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/

EOC onf tumtuG,f½SdNyD; tEÅ&m,fuif;onfhae&mwGif wnf&Sdjcif;

edrfhus = tcef; wnfae&mrSm tEÅ&m,fuif;aom ae&m r[kwfyg/

ysrf;rQ = tcef; wnfae&mrSm tumtuG,f½SdNyD; tEÅ&m,fuif;onf/

jrifhrm; = tcef; wnfae&mrSm tumtuG,f½SdNyD; tEÅ&m,f uif;onfhtjyif

tvG,fwul oGm;a&mufEdkifonf/

EOC wGif uGefysLwmpepfESifh uGefysLwmrsm; wyfqifxm;jcif;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = tcsdKU&Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = uGefysLwmpepfvdktyfcsufrsm; tm;vkH; jynfhpHkonf/

EOC wGif taqmufttHkwGif;ESifh taqmufttHkjyify qufoG,fa&;

pepfrsm; ESpf&yfpvkH; aumif;rGefonf/

edrfhus = tokH;jyKEkdifjcif;^wyfqifxm;jcif; r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = tcsdKUudkom tokH;jyKEdkifonf/



- 77 -

jrifhrm; = tjynfhtpkHwyfqifxm;NyD; tokH;jyKEdkifonf/

EOC wGif ypönf;ud&d,mESifh y&dabm*rsm; tvkHtavmuf

wyfqifxm;jcif;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = twdkif;twmwpfcktxd&Sdonf/

jrifhrm; = &Sdonf/

EOC wGif rSefuefaom aemufqHk;xkwf w,fvDzkef; vrf;nTef &Sdonf/

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = w,fvDzkef; vrf;nTef&Sdaomfvnf; aemufqkH;xkwf r[kwfyg/

jrifhrm; = w,fvDzkef;vrf;nTef &&SdEdkifNyD; aemufqkH;xkwfvnf; jzpfonf/

aq;½kHtwGif;tjyif ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;twGuf vkyfief;pDrHcsuf NyD;pD;rItqifh


pDrHcsufwGif aq;½kH\ r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfaom 0efaqmifrIrsm; qdkif&m

ab;tEÅ&m,f rjzpfyGm;rD? jzpfyGm;aepOf odkUr[kwf jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf

aqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ (ta&;ay: tcef;?

txl;Muyfrwfukoaqmif? a&m*gydk;oefUpifjcif;ESifh

ydk;rTm;uif;pifapjcif;Xme? cGJpdwfcef; ponfwdkU jzpfygonf/)

edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/

ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/

jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í

tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/

tpDtpOfudk rnfuhJodkU? rnfonfhtcsdefwGif? rnfolu

pwifaqmif&Gufrnf^aqmif&Gufjcif;udk &yfqdkif;rnf[lí

vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; owfrSwfxm;jcif;





tpDtpOfwGif obm0ab;jzpfyGm;ygu 0efxrf;rsm;udk ac:,l pmcsKyfcsKyfqdk

cefUxm; tokH;jyK&efESifh ypönf;rsm; 0,f,l&ef twGuf vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;

xnfhoGif;owfrSwfxm;jcif;





aq;½kHwGif obm0ab;tajctaersm;ü tokH;jyK&eftwGuf oD;jcm;

bwf*sufxm;½Sdjcif;

edrfhus = bwf*suf r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = bwf*sufrSm (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/

jrifhrm; = (72)em&D odkUr[kwf xdkUxuf ydkvGefí tokH;jyKEdkifonf/

tpDtpOfwGif vltrsm;tjym;xdckduf'Pf&m&&Sd aoaMu ysufpD;rIrsm;udk

ukoay;&eftwGuf ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; wyfqifEdkifaom ae&myg0ifNyD;

owfrSwfxm;&Sdjcif;



- 78 -





tpDtpOfwGif xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;uko&ef ae&mrsm; ESifh

wm0ef,l&rnfh0efxrf;rsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyxm;jcif;





tpDtpOfwGif aq;½kH0efaqmifrIrsm; wdk;csJU&eftwGuf vdktyf aom

csOf;uyfykHESifh vkyfief;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;a&;qGJxm;jcif;





oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifu tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; ppfaq;rIrsm; ykHrSef

jyKvkyfjcif;

edrfhus = ppfaq;rIrsm; rjyKvkyfyg/

ysrf;rQ = wpfcsdKUwpf0ufom ppfaq;onf odkUr[kwf ppfaq;rIrSm acwfrrDyg/

jrifhrm; = ppfaq;rIrsm;rSm jynfhpkHNyD; aemufqkH;tajctaeESifh udkufnDonf/

aq;½kH\ uyfa&m*gapmifhMunhfppfaq;a&; aumfrwDwGif obm0

ab;jzpfpOfrsm; odkUr[kwf trsm;tjym; aoaMu ysufpD;rIrsm; twGuf

ukorIqdkif&m vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; owfrSwfxm;jcif;





tavmif;rsm; ,m,Dxm;&Sd&efESifh Oya'ydkif;qdkif&m aq;ynm

vkyfief;rsm;twGuf vkyfief;ae&mrsm; jyifqifxm;&Sd&ef vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;

½Sdjcif;





xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;uko&ef? toufquf&ef?

vlemrsm;wnfNidrfap&ef ESifhaq;0g;uko&ef vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;

owfrSwfxm;jcif;





pDrHcsufwGif olemwif,mOfrsm;ESifh w&m;0if aq;½kHoHk;

armfawmf,mOfrsm;twGuf xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;jcif;



- 79 -





ta&;ay:tajctaewGif aq;½kH0efxrf;rsm;twGuf tpm;tpm cJGwrf;rsm;

owfrSwfay;xm;jcif;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/

ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/

jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72) em&Dpm &Sdygonf/

ta&;ay:tajctaewGif ac:,lrnfh 0efxrf;rsm;twGuf wm0efrsm;udk

pDrHcsufwGif owfrSwfazmfjyxm;jcif;





aq;½kHESifh&yf&GmtmPmydkif;rsm; tMum; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSKESifh pyfvsOf;í

pmjzihf a&;om;xm;aom pDrHcsufrsm; &Sdjcif;

edrfhus = pDpOfrxm;yg/

ysrf;rQ = yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&; tpDtpOfrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; tokH;jyKEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg/

jrifhrm; = yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom tpDtpOfrsm;&SdNyD; vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/

pDrHcsufwGif ta&;ay:tajctaersm;twGif; vlemrsm;udk

pm&if;jyKvkyfazmfjy&mü toHk;jyK&ef oD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom ykHpHrsm;

owfrSwfxm;jcif;





trsm;jynfol? rD'D,mwdkUESifh qufoG,fajymqdk&eftwGuf

vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; ½Sdjcif;





naebuf? pae? we*FaEGaeU? tm;vyf&uf tqdkif;rsm;twGif; wkHUjyef&ef

vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;&Sdjcif;





tprf;avhusihfjcif;rsm;ESifh toGifwlavhusihfjcif;rsm;







- 80 -

obm0ab;trsKd;rsKd; jzpfyGm;pOf aq;0g;ukorItwGuf

ta&;ay:tpDtpOfrsm;

taumiftxnfazmfrItqifh


qlemrDa&vIdif;rsm;? rD;awmifaygufjcif;rsm;ESifh ajrNydKjcif;rsm;





a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;ESihf rkefwdkif;rsm;wdkufcwfjcif;





rD;avmifjcif;ESifh aygufuGJjcif;rsm;





"mwkaA'ypönf; rawmfwqrIrsm;





uyfa&m*gjzpfEkdifajc&Sdonfh a&m*gjzpfapaom ydk;rTm;rsm;





vlemrsm;? rdom;pkrsm;? usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;tm; pdwfvlrSKa&;ydkif;ukorI





aq;½kHwifpOftwGif; a&m*gull;pufjcif;rsm;udk xdef;csKyfjcif;





vkyfief;aqmif&Gufjcif;? BudKwifumuG,faom jyKjyif xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh

ta&;ygaom 0efaqmifrSKrsm; rlv tajctae jyefvnfa&muf&Sda&;

aqmif½Gufjcif; pDrHcsufrsm;

&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifrItqifh


vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;a0rIESihf t&ef *sifea&wmrsm; tokH;jyKykH

vufpGJpmtkyfrsm;





- 81 -



aomufa&jzefUa0ay;onfhpepftwGuf vufpGJpmtkyf





avmifpm t&efxm;&SdrI vufpGJpmtkyf





aq;0g;uko&mwGif tokH;jyKaom"mwfaiGUrsm;ay;a0a&; vufpGJpmtkyf





ykHrSeftokH;jyKonfhqufoG,fa&;pepfrsm;ESifh t&ef qufoG,fa&; pepfrsm;

vufpGJpmtkyf





a&qdk;pepfrsm; jyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;





pGefUypfypönf;tpdkiftcJrsm; pDrHcefUcGJjcif;twGuf jyKjyif xdef;odrf;a&;

vufpGJpmtkyf





rD;ab;BudKwifumuG,fa&;pepf xm;½Sdjcif;





aq;0g;rsm;? ypönf;rsm;? ud&d,mrsm;ESifh ta&;ay: tajctae wGif

tokH;jyK&ef tjcm;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; &&SdEdkifrI

&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifrItqifh


aq;0g;rsm;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/




- 82 -


aq;0g;ukorItwGufypönf;rsm;ESifhtjcm;ypönf;rsm; (ta&;ay:

tajctaewGif tokH;jyK&eftwGuf ydk;owfxm;aom ypönf;rsm;)

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/



ud&d,mrsm;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/



aq;0g;uko&mwGiftokH;jyKaom"mwfaiGUrsm;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/



aq;0g;uko&mwGif tokH;jyKaom vQyfppfypönf;rsm;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/



ESvHk;ckefpuf? touf½SLpufponfh toufqufypönf;ud&d,mrsm;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/


jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72)em&Dpm &Sdygonf/

xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;uko&mwGif toHk;jyK&ef uwfjym;rsm;ESifh

trsm;tjym;aoqkH;rIrsm;udk pDrHcefUcGJ&eftwGuf tjcm;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/



uyfa&m*gjzpfyGm; vmaomtcgwGif aq;½kH0efxrf;rsm;twGuf wpfOD;csif;

umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; (wpfcgokH;)

edrfhus = r&Sdyg/





- 83 -

ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½Hkjzpfapa&; pnf;½Hk;vHIUaqmf&mwGif tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh

¤if;wdkU\ tcef;u@

tusKd;pD;yGm;

yg0ifywfoufolrsm; tcef;u@rsm;

tpdk;&rsm; OD;aqmifrItcef;u@rS yg0ifjcif;? trsKd;om;tqifh OD;pm;ay;tjzpf owfrSwfjcif;

aq;½kHrsm;ESifhusef;rma&;Xmersm;udk obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkif&nf&Sdapa&;

taxmuftuljyK&eftwGuf u@rsm;tm;vkH;ESifh tpdk;&tqifhrsm; tm;vkH;u

ulnDEdkif&ef rlabmifwpf&yfa&;qGJjcif;?

Oya'rsm;? txl;ojzifh aq;½kHrsm;udk tumtuG,fay;&eftwGuf taqmufttHk

aqmufvkyfa&;pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk a&;qGJ jy|mef;NyD; vdkufemap&ef

ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif;?

ukvor*¾?

EdkifiHwumESifh

a'otqifh

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh

tpdk;&r[kwfaom

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;

&Sd&if;tzGJUtpnf;Xmeaygif;pkH\ tpDtrHrsm;ESifh r[mAsL[m rdwfzuf

aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk qufvuf wnfaqmufjcif;

tzGJUtpnf;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItpDtpOf odkUr[kwf a'otqifh

tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif e,fy,ftrsm;tjym; yg0if&ef vdktyfonfh þudpö&yfudk

txift&Sm;aqG;aEG;jcif;

aumif;rGefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk pkaqmif;NyD; rQa0ay;jcif;

usef;rma&;

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh

usef;rma&; 0efxrf;pk

obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&;twGuf trsKd;om;tqifhaqG;aEG;yGJ tzGJUrsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;

obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; vIyf½Sm;aqmif&Gufjcif;

uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh todynmudk aemufqkH; tajctae jr§ifhwifay;&ef

tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &SmazGjcif;

aq;½kHrsm;ESifhusef;rma&;Xmersm;twGif;ESifhjyifywGif rD'D,mvkyfief;rsm;

aqmif&Gufjcif;

tvSL&Sif tokduft0ef; aq;½kHrsm;\ obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&; &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif

atmifjrifap&ef tvSL&Sifrsm;\ &efykHaiGjzifhaqmif&Gufonfh zGHUNzdK;a&; pDrHcsufrsm;u

rnfuhJodkUtaxmuftuljyKEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif; pOf;pm;jcif;

pDrHcsufykHpHxkwfa&;qGJ&mü usef;rma&;u@wGif tEÅ&m,fusa&muf EdkifrI

avQmhcsa&;udk t"duvkyfief;tjzpfaqmif&GufEdkifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm; &SmazGjcif;

ydkrdk BuD;rm;aom obm0ab;ESihf zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;\ wpfpdwfwpfa'o

tjzpf ]]aq;½kHrsm; obm0ab;rsm;rS tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;apa&;}} udk aqmif&Gufjcif;

aiGaMu;qdkif&m

tzGJUtpnf;rsm; usef;rma&;aqmufvkyfrI pDrHcsufrsm;tm;vkH;wGif tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI

avQmhcsa&;tpDtrHrsm; aygif;pnf;xnhfoGif;yg0ifap&eftwGuf tqdkjyKjcif;

okawoeESifhavhvmcsufrsm;udk pD;yGm;a&;½IaxmifhrSaeí jr§ifhwifay;jcif;

taqmufttHkaqmufvkyfa&;pnf;rsOf;rsm;qdkif&m wnfqJOya'rsm;udk

vdkufemap&ef ta&;,laqmif&Gufa&; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm; aqmfMojcif;

wuúodkvfrsm;?

ausmif;rsm;ESifh ynm&Sif wuúodkvfESifhynm&Sifrsm;oifwef;\ oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;wGif aq;½kH

tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; taxmuftuljyK oifcef;pmpkrsm; odkUr[kwf oif½dk;rsm;udk



- 84 -

toif;tzGJUrsm;

a&;qGJjcif;

&Sd&if;pmoifausmif;ESifh wuúodkvf oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;udk jyefvnfokH;oyfí

tajymif;tvJrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;

txl;jyKuRrf;usifrI pkpnf;xm;&Sd&m ae&mrsm;tjzpf aqmif&Gufay;jcif;

qef;opfwDxGifjcif;ESifh tjrihfqHk;enf;ynmoHk; 'DZdkif;rsm;udk tm;ay;jcif;

odyÜHESifh enf;ynm pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;? *sme,frsm;wGif aqmif;yg;rsm;

yg0ifa&;om;jcif;

trsKd;om;tqifh taqmufttHkaqmufvkyfonfh pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm; a&;qGJjcif;ESifh

tcsdefumvowfrSwfí ykHrSefjyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;udk taxmuftuljyKjcif;

&nfnTef;csuf - 2008-2009 World Disaster Reduction Campaign, Hospital Safe from Disasters. WHO.



- 85 -

EdkifiHwum taumif;qkH;vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t& aq;½kH a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&; pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh

vrf;nTefcsufrsm;

1/ &nf&G,fcsuf

a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; - aq;uko&m ae&mxkdifcif;rSm vlemvufcHxm;&Sdavmufatmif ab;

tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;rI r&Sdaom (okdU) vlemrsm;ukd jyKpkukoa&;twGuf t[efUtwm; jzpfapvm aom

tajctaewkdUwGif vlemrsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh okdU {nfhonfrsm;ukd a&TUajymif;z,f&Sm;ay;jcif;

jzpfonf/

2/ rl0g' az:jycsuf

tykdif;vkduf a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; - vlemrsm;tm; aq;½kHtwGif;üom ae&ma&TUajymif;

ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkodkY a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif;wGif tqifhESpfqifhyg&Sdonf/

(1) tvsm;vkduf a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; - vlema&TUajymif;rIukd rD;cHwHcg; (Fire Barrier

Door) rsm;\ wpfzufqDokdUom a&jyifnDtwkdif; a&TUajymif;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/

(2) a'gifvkduf a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; – ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;&m aq;½Hk\ tjcm;

txyf wpfxyfqDokdU (okdU) taqmif\ jyifyqDokdU vlemrsm;tm; a&TUajymif;ay;jcif;

jzpfonf/

vrf;ravQmufEdkifaom vlemrsm;tm; o,faqmif&efavSum;rsm; vkdtyfjcif;? "gwfavSum;

rsm;ukd tokH;rjyKEdkifjcif;wkdUaMumifh xkda&TUajymif;u,fq,frIrsKd;rSm ykdrkd cufcJwwfygonf/

tjynfht0 a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; - vlemrsm;tm; aq;½kH\ jyifyokdU (okdU) tjcm;

aq;½kHrsm; qDokdU (okdU) tjcm;oifhawmf&mae&mwkdUqDokdU a&TUajymif;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/

(1) aq;½kHwGif; rNidrfroufjzpfrIrsm;aMumifh ta&;ay:XmerS aq;zuftul

tapmifha&SmufcH vlemrsm;ukd a&TUajymif;ay;&rnf/

(2) tEÅ&m,f½kwfcsnf; MuD;rm;vmygu atmuftvTmrsm;odkY a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;rSm

tvG,fwul vQifjrefpGm aqmif&GufEdkifojzifh taqmuftODwpfckvkH; a&TUajymif;

u,fq,frIukd txufrS atmuftpDtpOftwkdif;om aqmif&Gufoifhonf/

3/ wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;

a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;twGuf vkyfykdifcGifh jy|mef;jcif;

(u) y&0kPfwpfckvkH; (okdY) tykdif;vkdufa&TUajymif;u,fq,f&eftwGuf cGifhjyKcsufukd

o jynfolU ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; t&m&Sd (rD;owf^ &JXme)

o trIaqmift&m&SdcsKyf (okdU) tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;wkdUrS zkef;jzifh

o olemjyK MuD;Muyfa&;rSL;wkdUrS csrSwfEdkifonf/



- 86 -

(c) ab;uif;vHkjcHKrIr&Sdaom okdUr[kwf xdckdufysufpD;aeaom{&d,mrS a&TUajymif;

u,fq,f&ef qkH;jzwfcsufrSm atmufygowif;tcsuftvufrsm;tay:wGif tajcjyK

&rnf/

o taqmif\ taqmufttHkESifh twGif;ypönf;rsm;tay: tif*sifeD,mXme

\ tuJjzwfokH;oyfcsuf

o vkHavmufaom vlemjyKpkapmifha&SmufrIvkyfief; qufvufvkyfaqmifEdkifjcif; &Sd-

r&Sd tay: aq;zuf0efxrf;^ olemjyKXmewkdU\ ,lqqkH;jzwfcsuf

o a&TUajymif;cHyk*¾Kdvfrsm;twGuf oif a&G;jc,fvkdufonfh{&d,mrSm oif xGufcGmrnfh

{&d,mxuf ykdrkdab;uif;aMumif; aocsmrSom a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif;udk

BuKd;yrf;oifhonf/

a&TUajymif;u,fq,frItwGuf qufoG,fa&;

(u) ,cka&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;pDrHcsufonf jzpf&yfwpfpkHwpfckaMumifh aq;½kHwGif;

BuD;rm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,fMuD; MuKHawGU&onfhtcg[laom ,lqcsufay:wGif

tajcjyKxm;onf/

4/ vkyfief;pOftqifhqifh

(u) taxGaxGvrf;nTefcsufrsm; -

(1) tEÅ&m,ftvm;tvm trsm;qkH; {&d,mrsm;ukd OD;pGma&TUajymif;u,fq,fyg/

(tEÅ&m,fESifh teD;uyfqkH; okdUr[kwf xGufaygufESifh ta0;uGmqkH;ae&m

rsm;)/

(2) teD;uyfqkH; (okdU) ab;tuif;qkH; oifhavsmf&m xGufaygufukd tokH;jyKyg/

a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;onf atmufygtpOftwkdif; jzpfoifhonf/

(u) vwfwavmtEÅ&m,fESifh &ifqkdifae&onfh vlemrsm;

(c) vrf;avQmufEdkifaom vlemrsm;

(*) vrf;tenf;i,favQmufEdkifaom vlemrsm;

(C) vrf;ravQmufEdkifaom vlemrsm;

(3) wHcg;ayguftm;vkH;ukd ydwfyg/ tcsdef&ygu atmufpD*sif? a&? rD;? *wfpf

wkdYukd ydwfyg/

(4) rD;avmifaepOftwGif; (okdU) ivsifvIyfjyD;csdefwkdUrSty “ "gwfavSum;rsm;ukd

tokH;jyKaumif; jyKEdkifygonf/

(c) aq;½kHta&;ay:tajctae uGyfuJa&;tzGJU zGJUpnf;ykH (Hospital Emergency

Incident Command Structure)

(1) ta&;ay:tajctaeuGyfuJa&;tzGJU (uGyfuJa&;A[kd^ ta&;ay:vkyfief;

aqmif&GufrIXme)



- 87 -

&EdkiforQ owif;tcsuftvuftm;vkH;ukd tuJjzwfokH;oyfjyD; XmecGJrSL;rsm;

\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIESifh a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;Z,m; (Evacuation Schedule)

rsm;ukd a&;qGJyg/ yg0ifoifhonfh owif;tcsuftvufwkdUrSm -

1/ tif*sifeD,m^ xdckdufysufpD;rI cefUrSef;a&;ESifh xdef;csKyfa&;t&m&SdwkdUxHrS

taqmuftODqkdif&m? taqmuftODrStyqdkif&m? toHk;taqmifypönf;

qkdif&m tuJjzwfokH;oyfcsufrsm;

2/ pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; XmecGJrSL;xHrS vlemtajctae tpD&ifcHpmrsm;

3/ vltiftm;tqifhtaetxm;wkdUukd tuJjzwfokH;oyfjyD; 0efxrf;qifhac:a&;

tpDtrHrsm; vufawGUvkyfaqmifEdkif&ef vkdtyfovkd vkyfykdifcGifhay;tyfjcif;

ab;tEÅ&m,frSa&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;Z,m; (Evacuation Schedule) rsm;ukd -

1/ pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; XmecGJrSL; (Planning Section Chief)

2/ qufoG,fa&;t&m&Sd (Liaison Officer)

3/ ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh vkHjcKHa&;t&m&Sd (Safety and Security Officer)

4/ axmufyhHa&;rSL; (Logistics Chief)

5/ vkyfief;aqmif&Gufa&;rSL; (Operation Chief) wkdUxHokdU ay;ykdUxm;yg/

(2) qufoG,fa&;t&m&Sd (Liaison Officer)

jynfolrsm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;? usef;rma&;XmeESifh

ta&;ay:vlemwif,mOfvkyfief;rsm;\ qufoG,f&rnfh tcsuftvufwdkYudk

xdefodrf;xm;&ef

aq;½kHa½TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;rSwfwrf;rsm; (Hospital Evacuation Worksheet)

ukd jznfhoGif;&ef

(3) axmufyhHa&;rSL; (Logistics Chief)

0efxrf;rsm;xJrS a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;tzGJUi,frsm; (Evacuation Team)

zGJUpnf;&eftwGuf ykdUaqmifa&;t&m&Sd (Transportation Officer) tm;

wm0efay;tyf&ef

xkdpDrHcsufrsm;ukd pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;XmecGJrSL; (Planning Section Chief) tm;

today;&ef

(4) ykdUaqmifa&;t&m&Sd (Transportation Officer)

0efxrf;rsm;xJrS a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;tzGJUi,frsm;ukd zGJUpnf;&ef

y&0kPfjyify vlemo,f,lykdUaqmifa&;u@ukd aocsmatmifaqmif&Guf&ef

o,f,lykdUaqmifa&;pDrHcsufukd aocsmpGm taumiftxnf az:aqmif&ef

jzpfEdkifygu? txyfwpfxyfpDtwGuf a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&; vltiftm;

ajcmufOD;pD wm0efcsxm;&ef



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tzGJU0ifrsm;ukd a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;enf;vrf;rsm;taMumif; &Sif;jy&ef

(yl;wGJyg)

o,f,lykdUaqmifa&; tokH;taqmifrsm;ukd pDpOfxm;&Sd&ef (a&TUajymif;

u,fq,f&mwGif tokH;jyK&ef bD;wyfukvm;xkdifrsm;? vlemwGef; ukwifrsm;

ponf)

a&TUajymif;u,fq,frnfh txyfvTmtm; owif;ykdUNyD; a&TUajymif;u,fq,frI

ukd BuD;Muyf&ef

a&TUajymif;rnfh OD;pm;ay;vlemtpDtpOfESifh a&TUajymif;rnfhenf;vrf;wkdUukd

olemjyKrefae*sm^ wm0efcHolemjyKwkdUtm; owif;ykdU&ef

(5) olemjyKt&m&Sd (Nursing Service Officer)

pkd;&drf&aom? tenf;i,f pkd;&drf&aomvlemrsm;ESifh vrf;avQmuf a&TUajymif;

&rnfh vlemrsm;twGuf ,m,Da&TUajymif;{&d,m (Evacuation Holding Area)

wkdUukd owfrSwf&ef

,m,Da&TUajymif;{&d,mwkdUtm; aq;0g;ukorIvkdtyfcsuf? orm;awmfrsm;

ppfaq;rSI vkdtyfcsufwkdUESifhtnD jyifqif&ef

a&GUajymif;u,fq,fa&;Z,m;pOftm; olemjyKrefae*smrsm;xH jzefUa0&ef

olemjyKrefae*smrsm;^ wm0efcHolemjyKrsm;rS a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;

vkyfief;pOftqifhqifhukd vkyfaqmifcJhjcif; &Sdr&Sdukd pkHprf;twnfjyK&ef

ajymif;a&TUrdefU (Transfer Order) wkdUtwGuf orm;awmfrsm;tm; owday;

EId;aqmf&ef aq;buf0efxrf;t&m&Sdukd awmif;qkd&ef

,m,Da&TUajymif;{&d,m qufoG,fa&;rSL;rsm;ESifh xkd{&d,mrsm;twGuf

vkHavmufaom olemjyK ta&twGufwkdUukd wm0efcsxm;ay;&ef

vlemrsm;ukd a&TUajymif;csxm;ay;&ef BudKwifpm&if;jyKpkxm;onfh aq;½kHrsm;?

t&efapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief;rsm;? pmoifausmif;rsm; ponfwkdUESifh

qufoG,f&ef/ jyefMum;csufwkdUukd pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; XmecGJrSL;xH ay;ykdU&ef

(6) aq;buf0efxrf;t&m&Sd (Medical Staff Officer)

orm;awmfMuD;rsm;ukd vlemajymif;a&TUrdefUtwGuf owday;EId;aqmf&ef

olemjyKt&m&Sdukd vkdtyfovkd ulnD&ef

(7) olemjyKrefae*smrsm;^ wm0efcHolemjyKrsm; (Nursing Managers/ Charge

Nurses)

vlemtajctaetm; okH;oyfqkH;jzwfyg/ tajctaeay:rlwnfjyD; vlemtm;

a&TUajymif;u,fq,f&rnf/

atmufyg tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;t& vlemtajctaeukd ¤if;\vlem

rSwfwrf;wGif BuD;rm;aom pwpfumjzifh az:jyay;&rnf/

1/ pkd;&drf&efr&Sd vrf;avQmufEkdif/



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2/ pkd;&drf&efr&Sd vrf;ravQmufEkdif/

3/ pkd;&drf&ef&Sd av0ifavxGuf (okdU) txl;u&d,mrsm; vkdtyfonf/

vlemtajctaetm; olemjyKt&m&SdxH owif;ykdUyg/

vlemapmifha&SmufrItwGuf olemjyKrsm;tm; twdtus wm0efowfrSwf

ay;yg/

a&TYUajymif;rnfh vlemwkdUukd jyifqifay;&ef olemjyKESpfOD;tm; wm0efay;tyf

yg/ vlem\ukd,fykdif ypönf;ypö,rsm;ukd tdwfwpfvkH;jzifhxnfhum vlem

trnf? vlemtrSwfpOf? rSD0Jonfhaq;0g;? cEmukd,f tpm;xkd;tpdwftykdif;

rsm;ESifh vlemtwGuf txl;vkdtyfonfht&mrsm;ukd tdwfab;wGif pmwef;xkd;

ay;yg/

vlemESifhtwl &Sdae&rnfh vlem\rSwffwrf;wGif KARDEX ESifh Addressograph

wkdUukd wdyfjzifh uyfay;yg/

a&TUajymif;u,fq,frnfh vlemrsm;\ wnfae&mukd pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfjyD;vQif

ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom xGufaygufwpfckukd a&G;jc,fowfrSwfyg/

atmufygwkdU tygt0if a&TUajymif;u,fq,frIqkdif&m tcsuftvufrsm;ukd

rSwfwrf;wif&ef wpfpkHwpfOD;tm; wm0efay;tyfyg/

- a&TUajymif;u,fq,fonfhtcsdef

- a&TUajymif;u,fq,fonfhenf;vrf;

- vlemtrnf

- a&TUajymif;u,fq,frItqifhowfrSwfcsuf (at? bD? pD)

- rnfonfhtcef;rS rnfonfh{&d,mokdUa&GUajymif;aMumif;

a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;qkdif&m pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ESifh vlem\taetxm;

wkdUukd vlemrSwfwrf;vkduf0efxrf; (Patient Tracking Coordinator) (okdU)

vlemowif;tcsuftvufqdkif&mrefae*sm (Patient Info. Manager) xHokdU

ay;ykdUyg/

(8) vlemowif;tcsuftvufqkdif&mrefae*sm (Patient Information Manager)

vlem\ owif;tcsuftvufwkdUukd ppfaq;rIrSwfwrf; (Inquiry Sheet)

rsm;wGif pkaygif;jznfhoGif;yg/

(9) ESvkH;ESifh tqkwfqkdif&m refae*sm (Cardiopulmonary Service Manager)

vkdtyfonfhvlemrsm; av0ifavxGuf&&Sda&;twGuf 0efxrf;wpfOD;tm;

wm0efay;tyfyg/

tokH;jyKEdkifrnfh zdtm;ay; touf&Iu&d,mrsm;^ touf½SLrsufESmzkH;rsm;ukd

avhvmrSwfom; xm;yg/

(10) ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh vkHjcKHa&;qkdif&m t&m&Sd (Safety and Security

Officer)



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jzpfEdkifygu? toGm;tvmxdef;csKyfa&;^ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;wkdUtwGuf

a&TUajymif;u,fq,frnfh {&d,mwpfckcsif;pDwGif vkHjcKHa&;wm0efcHwpfOD;pD

csxm;yg/

tajctaet& vkdtyfovkd atmufpD*sif? vQyfppfrD;ponfwkdUukd ydwfay;yg/

a&TUajymif;u,fq,frI tjynfht0 jyD;qkH;jcif; &Sd-r&SdESifh vlem (okdU) 0efxrf;

wpfpkHwpfOD; usef&pfcJhjcif; &Sd-r&Sd ppfaq;yg/

a&TUajymif;u,fq,frI NyD;qkH;oGm;vQif a&TUajymif;onfh {&d,m\ yifr

xGufayguf^ 0ifaygufwGif a&TUajymif;u,fq,fcsdef” (aeUpGJ^ tcsdef) wkdUukd

a&;xkd;ay;yg/

(11) ud&d,mtokH;taqmifpDpOfa&; t&m&Sd (Facilities Operation Officer)

a&TUajymif;u,fq,faepOf taqmuftODab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;twGuf

vkdtyfonfhud&d,m^ axmufykdUypönf;wkdUukd &,lxm;yg/

vkdtyfvQif? a&TUajymif;u,fq,fvmaom vlemwkdUxm;&Sd&m {&d,mrsm;wGif

okH;pGJ&ef a&TUajymif; tdrfomESifh tumt&HwkdUukd &,lxm;yg/

(12) 0efxrf;qkdif&m t&m&Sd (Labor Pool Officer)

ta&;ay:jzpf&yftwGuf rlvuwm0efay;tyfxm;jcif;r&Sdonfh tif*sifeD,m?

aq;&kHwGif;xdef;odrf;a&;? vkHkNcKHa&; ponfhXmewkdUrS &SdorQ 0efxrf;tm;vkH;

onfvnf; vlemrsm; a&TUajymif;a&;wGif ulnD&rnf/

(t&if;tjrpf - aq;½kHta&;ay:tajctae jyifqifrIpDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; vrf;nTefcsuf? UNDP ? tdEd,)

guidance on mainstreaming disaster risk...

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