2011

GlacitectonicsField Guide

Edited byE.Phillips, J. R. Lee and H. M. Evans

GLWG1998

IPA

Glacitectonics

Field Guide

Edited by E. Phillips, J.R. Lee and H.M. Evans

2011 Quaternary Research Association

Glacial Landsystems Working Group

International Permafrost Association

Cover Image: Glacitectonised till and sand intraclasts at West Runton, Norfolk, UK.

This Field and Technical Guide was produced to accompany the Glacitectonics Workshop in Sheringham, North Norfolk, UK between 11th-17th

©Quaternary Research Assocation, 2011

September 2011.

ISSN 0261 3611

ISBN 0 907 780 830

©All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording in any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers.

Printed by: MWL Printers, Units 10-13 Pontyfelin Industrial Estate, New Inn, Pontypool, South Wales, NP4 0DQ.

Recommended reference: Phillips, E., Lee, J.R. and Evans, H.M. (eds.). 2011. Glacitectonics – Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association.

ii

Peter Banham

Contributors

phbanham@btinternet.com Helen Burke British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12

5GG, UK. Richard Chiverrell School of Environment, University of Liverpool, Roxby

Building, Liverpool L69 7ZT, UK. Hannah Evans British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12

5GG, UK. Amanda Ferguson School of Geography, Queen Mary, University of

London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. Jane Hart Department of Geography, University of Southampton,

Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. Peter Hobbs British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12

5GG, UK. David Vaughan-Hirsch British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains

Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Scotland, UK. Jonathan R. Lee British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12

5GG, UK. Jaap J.M. van der Meer School of Geography, Queen Mary, University of

London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. Julian Murton Department of Geography, University of Sussex,

Brighton, BN1 9QJ. Catherine Pennington British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12

5GG, UK. Emrys Phillips British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains

Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Scotland, UK. James Riding British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12

5GG, UK. David Roberts Department of Geography, Durham University, Science

Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3AH, UK. Kenneth Rijsdijk Institute of Biodiversity & Ecosystems Dynamics,

University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Geoff Thomas School of Environment, University of Liverpool, Roxby

Building, Liverpool L69 7ZT, UK. Richard Waller School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, William

Smith Building, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.

William Warren Geological Survey of Ireland, Beggars Bush, Dublin 4, Ireland.

iii

Contents

Acknowledgements

1

Foreword – P.H. Banham

2

Preface – E. Phillips, J.R. Lee and H.M. Evans

3

Section A: Techniques and Methodologies 1. Description, measurement and analysis of glacitectonically

deformed sequences E. Phillips and J.R. Lee

5

2. Micromorphological analysis of deformation structures A. Ferguson, J.J.M. van der Meer and E. Phillips

32

3. Macrostructural Analysis: unravelling polyphase glacitectonic histories J.J.M. van der Meer, G.S.P. Thomas, R.C. Chiverrell, J.R. Lee, E. Phillips, K. Rijsdijk and W.P. Warren

53

4.

Examples of Macrostructural Analysis Example 1: Styles of structural deformation and syn-tectonic sedimentation around the margins of the Late Devensian Irish Sea Ice stream: the Isle of Man, Llyn Peninsula and County Wexford G.S.P. Thomas and R.C. Chiverrell Example 2: Polyphase deformation at Killiney, Ireland J.J.M. van der Meer, K. Rijsdijk and W.P. Warren

59

79

Section B: Glacitectonics from Northeast Norfolk 5. An Introduction to the glacial geology and history of

glacitectonic research in Northeast Norfolk J.R Lee, E. Phillips, H. M. Evans and D. Vaughan-Hirsch

101

iv

6. Proglacial to subglacial deformation: West Runton to

Sheringham E. Phillips, J.R. Lee and H.F. Burke

116

7. Development of a ‘soft deforming bed’ within a subglacial shear zone: an example from Bacton Green J.R. Lee and E. Phillips.

130

8. Macro- and microstructural evidence for the deforming glacier bed model: East Runton to West Runton D.H. Roberts and J.K. Hart

143

9. Micromorphology and microstructural analysis of polyphase deformation in tills: West Runton A. Ferguson, J.J.M. van der Meer and E. Phillips

154

10. Sand intraclast development and the deformation of glacially overridden permafrost: West Runton R.I. Waller, J.B. Murton, E. Phillips, J.R. Lee and C.A. Whiteman

162

11. Glacitectonic controls in subglacial to ice-marginal drainage: Sheringham to Weybourne E. Phillips and J.R. Lee

182

12. Glacitectonic rafting of chalk bedrock: Overstrand D. Vaughan-Hirsch, E. Phillips, J.R. Lee, H.F. Burke and J.K. Hart

198

13. Trimingham: structural architecture of the Cromer Ridge push moraine and controls for landslide geohazards J.R. Lee, C.V.L. Pennington and P.R.N. Hobbs

217

14. Polyphase deformation during possible active retreat, Weybourne Town Pit H.M. Evans, J.R. Lee and J.B. Riding

228

References

240

v

Appendix - Glossary 253