7/21/2019 Guide for 1st Term Exam

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STRUCTURE:

OBJECT + AUXILIARY+ MAIN VERB

to be Past Participle

TENSE CHANGES to be

It is the auxiliary the element in the Passive Voice that changes its tense form.

EXAMPLES:

o Tina i s t ighteningthe nuts and bolts herself. (ACTIVE VOICE)

o The nuts and bol ts are beingt ightenedby Tina. (PASSIVE VOICE)

TENSE OBJECT *AUXILIARY to be MAIN VERB

PRESENT SIMPLE The nuts and bolts are tightened.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS The nuts and bolts are being tightened.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE The nuts and bolts have been tightened.

PAST SIMPLE The nuts and bolts were tightened.

PAST CONTINUOUS The nuts and bolts were being tightened.

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE The nuts and bolts had been tightened.

FUTURE SIMPLE The nuts and bolts wi l l be tightened.

*The verb to beis the element in the Passive Voice that indicatesthe Tense of the Sentence.

Study the following sentences:

PRESENT SIMPLE: George paintshis house every year.

Georges house ispaintedevery year by him.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS:

The mechanic is repairingmoms car right now.

Moms car is beingrepairedright now by the mechanic.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:

Someone has brokenthe bathroom window.

The bathroom window has been broken.

PAST SIMPLE:

A locksmith replacedthe front-door lock last week.

The front-door lock wasreplacedlast week by a locksmith.

PAST CONTINUOUS:

At this time yesterday, Sam was repairingSusans blender.

At this time yesterday, Susans blender was beingrepairedby Sam.

Teacher Martha Bocanegr

7/21/2019 Guide for 1st Term Exam

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PAST PERFECT SIMPLE:

Joe hadnever rivetedthe wings to the body of the plane.

The wings had never beenr ivetedto the body of the plane by Joe.

FUTURE SIMPLE:

Bob will scrapethe old paint off the bathroom wall later.

The old paint wi l l bescrapedoff the bathroom wall later by Bob.

STUDY THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES:

When we change a Passive Voice back to Active Voice, we must focus on the verb to be to know the

verb tense.

PASSIVE VOICE ACTIVE VOICE

That shelf had been boltedbefore by someone.

Someone had boltedthat shelf before.

The kitchen floor is being sandednow by dad. Dad is sanding the kitchen floor now.

To talk about what something is for, its funct ionorpurpose.

We can use different connectorsto express the same idea when talking about purposes or functions.

Study the following examples:

Dilan bought a new monkey wrench for t ighteningthose nuts.

Dilan bought a new monkey wrench so as to t ightenthose nuts.

Dilan bought a new monkey wrench in order to t ightenthose nuts.

Dilan bought a new monkey wrench so that he can t igh tenthose nuts.

STRUCTURE:

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

MAIN SENTENCE CONNECTOR VERB FORM COMPLETEMENT

Hank will hire a carpenter for making new shelves for the kitchen.

Hank will hire a carpenter so as to/in order to make new shelves for the kitchen.

Hank will hire a carpenter so that he can make new shelves for the kitchen.

NEGATIVE FORM

MAIN SENTENCE CONNECTOR VERB FORM COMPLETEMENT

Hank always uses gloves for not hurting his hands.

Hank always uses gloves so as notto/in order notto hurt his hands.

Hank always uses gloves so that he does nothurt his hands.

Teacher Martha Bocaneg

7/21/2019 Guide for 1st Term Exam

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LOOK AT THESE EXAMPLES:

Gina has hired a landscape gardener so thathe can designa special garden.

Tom and I will pay someone fo rpaintingour house next week.

We need to buy another scraper so as toscrapethat old paint off the floor.

I needed to talk to the handyman so thathe did not forgetto come back later.

You should be there early so as not tomissthe bus again.

We use two different structures to talk about repairs and improvements.

When something needs repairs, maintenance, correction or improvements.

EXAMPLES:

These nuts are loose, they needtightening.

These nuts are loose, they needto be tightened.

STRUCTURE:MAIN SENTENCE SUBJECT NEED / NEEDS -ING

Your composition has lots of mistakes, it needs correcting.

These walls look terrible, they need repainting.

MAIN SENTENCE SUBJECT NEED / NEEDS TO BE PAST PARTICIPLE

Your composition has lots of mistakes, it needs to be corrected.

These walls look terrible, they need to be repainted.

Teacher Martha Bocane