guide to half- and full-duplex rfid: lessons learned ... · • oregon rfid – warren leach...
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Guide to Half- and Full-duplex RFid:Lessons Learned Tracking Bull Trout in the Upper
Willamette Since 2001
Vince TranquilliFish Research and Monitoring Program
Objectives
• What is new since 2001• Why we choose HDX• How to build antennas• Prepare for Demo in Park
Image by Warren Leach
23 mm long HDX tagNEW Prototype tag
Images by Warren Leach
0
25
50
75
100
<1
9
30-39
50
-59
70-79
90
-9911
0-119
130-1
3915
0-159
170-1
7919
0-199
Fork length (mm)
Num
ber o
f bul
l tro
ut
Juvenile Tagging Size
0
25
50
75
100
<1
9
30-39
50
-59
70-79
90
-9911
0-119
130-1
3915
0-159
170-1
7919
0-199
Fork length (mm)
Num
ber o
f bul
l tro
ut
Captive Rearing Program
Release tagged fish
• smaller size = less time in artificial environment
• earlier = when food is available
New Since 2001
• Smaller tag• Better tuning module
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 51 101 151
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 51 101 151
Indu
ctan
ce (u
H)
Capacitance (nF)
TI-RFid
Oregon RFidAntenna Tuning
New Since 2001
• Prototype small tag• Better tuning module• Interactive data logger
Terminal Emulation
>up--------- upload start ---------01/07/2010 15:53:25.76 upload complete01/28/2010 14:57:16.99 supply power 18.5V01/28/2010 14:57:16.99 database file opened01/28/2010 14:57:20.46 reader startup detectedR 0000 0000000165707461 A0 01/28/2010 15:21:38.62 00:00:00.17 3 23421R 0000 0000000165707461 A0 01/28/2010 15:52:21.94 00:00:00.17 3 29634R 0000 0000000165707461 A0 01/28/2010 16:23:06.18 00:00:00.16 3 29657R 0000 0000000165707461 A0 01/28/2010 16:53:51.52 00:00:00.16 3 29671R 0000 0000000165707461 A0 01/28/2010 17:24:35.40 00:00:00.16 3 2965
New Since 2001
• Prototype small tag• Better tuning module• Interactive data logger• Prototype multiplexer
New Since 2001
• Prototype small tag• Better tuning module• Interactive data logger• Prototype multiplexer• System integrity check
Objectives
• What is new since 2001• Why we choose HDX
10 mi.20 km
• Cost-effective(readers/materials)
• Low power• Easy to use
- no effect water level- no effect vibrations
Why we choose HDX?
Bull trout• Long-lived species • Complex life history
Why we choose HDX?
2 mi.5 km
South Fork McKenzie River
Adult escapement?Repeat spawning frequency?Juvenile-to-adult survival?Juveniles downstream movement?When are fish entrained?Which route through the dam?If recovered below dam and we move them
back over the dam do they survive?When do fish leave the reservoir?What areas of the reservoir do they use?
2 mi.5 km
Upper Middle ForkWillamette River
Where are fish spawning?Site fidelity?Repeat spawning frequency?Where is mortality occurring?
Why we chose HDX?
• Antennas are simple to build• Build to meet site/project-
specific requirements• When it breaks we can fix it• Not overly invested in any one site
(low impact)
Chinook redd in antenna
Scale
• Swim-through antennas• Antennas for use in culverts• Larger antennas (Dam sites)• Fish attraction (Reservoirs)• Mobile antennas• Flat-plate antennas
How to build antennas
Max. depth~ 3.2 ft.
Up to 30’ long12 volt12 gauge wire
Stream-widthSwim-through
1 loop antennas
Max. depth~ 3.2 ft.
Up to 30’ long12 volt12 gauge wire
Stream-widthSwim-through
1 loop antennas
Larger antennas:18 volt
60’ x 3.2’80’ x 3’190’ x 18”
Stream Profile
Max. separation distance 1.1 m (depth)
Vector flow
Rock
Materials we no longer use
Culverts
1 –
1.5 m
3 loops8 gauge1 – 1.5 m diameter3 ¼” tube
72- 56”
48”
9’ x 9’2 loops12 gauge
2 loops12 gauge¾ - 1-¼” space6’ – 9’
10’ -15’
4.9’
Common Problem
Rebar in concrete reduces performance
Solution
Fish attraction (light, bait, habitat)Add video for untagged fish8 gauge speaker wireVariable size, # of loops, spacing
Fish Attractor Station
Fish Attraction Station
5 loops18 gauge wire
Mobile HDX antennas
Optimal Tag Orientation ( 90°)23 mm HDX = 56 cm12 mm FDX = 37 cm8.5 mm FDX = 20 cm
Mobile FDX/HDX System
Antenna orientation mattersMap detection field in cross-sectional view
Swim-thru vs. Swim-over antennas
45°90°
Tag orientation also matters
45°90° 0°
Tag orientation also matters
Swim-over antenna
6”
32”
Manipulate the geometry to improve performance
Swim-over antenna
Above HC Reservoir
24 – 32” read depth
12 – 16”
23 mm long HDX tag
Tagging Fish
Juveniles:> 100 mm in lengthbody cavity
Immature to Adult:> 270 mm in lengthdorsal sinus
23 mm long HDX tagFish > 27 cm fork length
• Tag orientation (angle)• Swim-through/flat plate/mobile• Tag speed relative to EM field size• Wire sizing and materials• Antenna tuning• Power requirements
Park Demo Concepts
Resources
• AFS - Bioengineering Sectiononline forum http://fishpass.org
• USGS - Manual compiled by Alex Harofor half-duplex systems
• ODFW – Antenna [email protected]
• Oregon RFid – Warren Leachoregonrfid.com
References
• Zydlewski et al. 2001. J. Fish BiologyStationary and mobile half-duplex system
• Allen, Hart and Tranquilli. 2006. Marine Geology 232: 63-86Mobile half-duplex systems
• Bond et al. 2007. TransactionsLow-cost full and half-duplex system
• Gayle Zyldewski• Alex Haro (USGS)• Warren Leach (Oregon RFid)• USFS Willamette NF
Acknowledgements
Extra slides …
• Half-duplex• Half and full-duplex• Full-duplex
3 System Types
Allflex Panel Reader (full- and half-duplex tags)
FDX/HDX Reader
2’ x 10’ Antenna
Antenna
Power
Allflex System (full- and half-duplex tags)
Reader
1’
Narrow tuning range 31 jumper settings215 - 280 µH range
Need rigid frameTuning changes with water level
Data logger
20’
FDX/HDX System
FDX/HDX Antenna
2’ x 10’ Antenna7 wraps
2’
10’
FDX/HDX Antenna
2’ x 10’ Antenna7 wraps
2’ x 20’ Antenna9 wraps
2’
20’
2’ x 10’ Antenna7 wraps
2’ x 20’ Antenna9 wraps
5’ x 5’ Antenna6 wraps
FDX/HDX Antenna
5’
5’