LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON L I B R A R Y & M U S E U M

www.lbjlibrary.org

Revised December 2009

MATERIAL AT THE JOHNSON LIBRARY PERTAINING TO AFRICA

[Note: The following related guides are also available: the Middle East; and Foreign Aid, Food for Peace and Third World Economic Development -- Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The United Arab Republic is not included in this guide. Anyone interested in the U.A.R. should consult the guide on the Middle East.]

INTRODUCTION This guide lists the principal files at the Johnson Library that contain material on Africa, but it is not exhaustive. While most of the collections listed in the guide have been processed and are available for research, some files may not yet be available. Researchers should consult the Library’s finding aids to locate additional material and to determine whether specific files are available for research. Some of the finding aids are on the Library’s web site, www.lbjlib.utexas.edu, and others can be sent by mail or electronically. Researchers interested in Africa should also consult the Foreign Relations of the United States. This multi-volume series published by the Office of the Historian of the Department of State presents the official documentary historical record of major foreign policy decisions and diplomatic activity of the United States government. The volumes are available online at the Department of State web site which may be accessed at the “Related Links” button, under the “Research” button on the Johnson Library web site, www.lbjlib.utexas.edu.

NATIONAL SECURITY FILE This file was the working file of President Johnson's special assistants for national security affairs, McGeorge Bundy and Walt W. Rostow. Documents in the file originated in the offices of Bundy and Rostow and their staffs, in the various executive departments and agencies, especially those having to do with foreign affairs and national defense, and in diplomatic and military posts around the world. More than two-thirds of the National Security File has been processed. Consult the finding aid in the Reading Room or borrow a copy by mail by writing to the Supervisory Archivist, LBJ Library, 2313 Red River Street, Austin, Texas 78705. Portions of the NSF finding aid, including the finding aid for the NSF, Country File, are available on the Johnson Library web site, www.lbjlib.utexas.edu. NSF, Country File The country file is arranged by geographic area and thereunder alphabetically by

country. Memos, cables, intelligence reports, correspondence, and special studies were originally bound into heavyweight gray folders arranged in chronological order within each country. Each folder was assigned a volume number. The files have been refoldered and in most cases each volume is now in two folders labeled "Cables" and "Memos".

Box # Africa 76-77 Africa, East 77 Africa, Union of South 78-79

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Algeria 79 Angola 79 Botswana 80 Burundi 80 Cameroon 80 Box # Central African Republic 80 Chad 80 Congo 81-87 Dahomey 88 Ethiopia 88 Gambia 89 Gabon 89 Ghana 89-90 Guinea 90 Ivory Coast 91 Kenya 91 Lesotho (Basutoland) 92 Liberia 92 Libya 92-93 Malagasy 93 Malawi 94 Mali 94 Mauritania 94 Mauritius Islands 94 Morocco 94-95 Mozambique 95 Niger 95 Nigeria 96 Nyasaland 96 Rhodesia 97 Rwanda 98 Rwanda/Burundi 98 Senegal 98 Sierra Leone 98 Somalia 99 Somali Republic 99 Sudan 99 Swaziland 99 Tanganyika 100 United Republic of Tanganyika/ Zanzibar 100 United Republic of Tanzania 100 Tunisia 101 Togo 101 Uganda 101 Upper Volta 102 Zambia 102 Zanzibar 103 [The Country Files on Portugal (box 203) and the United Kingdom (boxes

206 through 216), include scattered material concerning Africa, especially Angola and Rhodesia. The files have been processed and are arranged chronologically.]

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NSF, Country File, Vietnam “Special Intelligence Material (Codeword) 1967” [Africa general, Congo, Angola] 201 NSF, Head of State Correspondence: Included are formal and informal correspondence with heads of state and heads of government arranged by country and thereunder chronologically.

Box #

Congo 2 Dahomey 2 Libya 5 Sudan 6 Uganda 7 Upper Volta 11 NSF, Special Head of State Correspondence Algeria 2 Botswana 5 Burundi 7 Cameroon 7 Central African Republic 9 Chad 9 Congo 11-12 Dahomey 13 Equatorial Guinea 15 Ethiopia 15 Gabon 16-17 Gambia 17 Ghana 19 Guinea 20-21 Ivory Coast 29 Kenya 32 Lesotho 35 Liberia 35 Libya 35 Malagasy 36 Malawi 36 Mali 37 Mauritania 37 Mauritius 37 Morocco 39-40 Niger 42 Nigeria 42-43 OAU -- Organization of African Unity 43 Rhodesia 47 Rwanda 47 Senegal 49 Sierra Leone 49 Somali 50 South Africa 50 South West Africa People's Organization 50 Sudan 51 Swaziland 51 Tanzania 52 Togo 53

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Tunisia 53-54 Uganda 54 Upper Volta 55 Zambia 61 Zanzibar 61 NSF, International Meetings and Travel File: Briefing material, memos, and cables are included on President Johnson's foreign travel, the travel of other administration officials, and international meetings. Box # “Africa, President's Proposed Trip (Adroit), 8/68” 25 “Africa, Vice President's Trip, Vol. I, 1/68” 27 “Africa, Vice President's Trip, Vol. II, 1/68” 27 “Africa, Harriman Trip, 3/64” 31 “Non-Aligned Nations, Conference in Cairo, 10/64” 33 NSF, Speech File: The chronologically-arranged file of speeches by President Johnson, mostly on foreign policy issues from 1964 to 1966, include memos, speech drafts, press releases, and a compilation of 1964 campaign speeches. See the President’s Speech on the Third Anniversary of the Organization for African Unity in Washington, 5/26/66, in box 5. NSF, Name File: The NSF Name File is composed primarily of folders on the members of the National Security Council staff during the Johnson administration. The file also contains folders on some Presidential aides, Senators, and former presidents who were involved in national security issues. This series includes memos from the President's national security staff, arranged by author, and correspondence with a few other individuals on national security matters.

"Brubeck Memos" [1964] [CAB international air rights for Air Afrique] 1 “Chase, G.” [1964-1966] [Rhodesia] 1 “Eisenhower, Dwight D., General” [1954-1969] [Rhodesia] 2 "Hamilton Memos" [1965-1968] [Africa general] 3 "Haynes Memos" [1965-1966] [Africa general] 3 ”[Humphrey] "Vice President, Vol. II" [Morocco] 4 "Komer Memos, Vol. I" [Africa general] 6 "Komer Memos, Vol. II" [Africa general] 6 "Saunders Memos" [1965-1968] [Africa general] 7 “Wriggins Memos, 1967” [Algeria] 8 NSF, Intelligence File: “303 Committee” [Congo, Sudan, Bechuanaland, Kenya] 2 "CIA Report, 'Restless Youth' 9/68" [200-page CIA report on student unrest throughout

the world. Includes sections on the Congo, Ethiopia, Senegal, and the Arab world] 3

“Codeword Material, Volume 1” [Ghana, the Congo, Africa general] 6 “Codeword Material, Volume 2” [Algeria, Somalia, Ethiopia, Congo, Burundi] 7 “Codeword Material, Volume 3” [Africa general, Congo, Sudan] 7 “Codeword Material, Volume 4” [Tanzania, Congo] 8 NSF, National Intelligence Estimates File: National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs) and Special National Intelligence Estimates (SNIEs) were originated by the Director of Central Intelligence and concurred in by the United States Intelligence Board. Material is arranged by the numerical-subject index applied to the documents at the time of origin. Folders contain from one to several estimates. “36.5, Libya” 6 “60/70, Africa” 8 “60, North and West Africa” “62, Algeria”

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“64.1, Ghana” “64.2, Nigeria” “65, Congo” “69, Rwanda and Burundi” “70, South and East Africa” Box # “71, Angola and Mozambique” 8 “72, Rhodesia” “73, South Africa” “75/76, Horn of Africa” “76.1, Ethiopia” “78, Sudan” NSF, National Security Action Memorandums File: “NSAM 232 Follow-up on King Hassan's Visit, 4/5/63” 1 “NSAM 291 Libya Base Rights, 3/20/64” 3 “NSAM 295 U.S. Policy Toward South Africa, 4/24/64” 4 “NSAM 356 Implementation of Korry Report on Development Policies and Programs

in Africa (10/5/66)” 9

NSF, National Security Council Meetings File: This two-box collection contains notes of meetings, attendance lists, agendas, briefing papers, and papers discussed at meetings.

“Vol. 1, tab 7, Various topics, 4/3/64” [includes the Congo, Ghana and Libya] 1 “Vol. 3, tab 21, Congo, 8/11/64” “Vol. 3, tab 23, Congo, Cyprus, South Vietnam, 8/25/64” “Vol. 3, tab 43, Southwest Africa, 7/14/66” 2 “Vol. 4, tab 49, Southern Rhodesia, 1/25/67” “Vol. 4, tab 50, North Africa; bombing of North Vietnam, 2/8/67” “Vol. 4, tab 54, African Problems, 7/13/67” “Vol. 5, tab 73, The 23rd UN General Assembly, 9/25/68 [includes material on Biafra] NSF, Files of the Special Committee of the NSC: The Special Committee of the NSC was established by President Johnson on June 7, 1967, to coordinate the handling of the Middle East Crisis. McGeorge Bundy served as Executive Secretary. The Special Committee ended its formal work in August 1967.

“Algeria” 3 “Libya” 6 “Morocco” 6 “Sudan” 6 “Tunisia” 7 NSF, National Security Council Histories: Compiled by the NSC staff in 1968, these collections of documents deal with twenty-one international crises or issues during the Johnson administration. The histories consist mainly of photocopies of key documents from the National Security File and other files, usually arranged in chronological order. Most of the histories also include introductory and background material, such as chronologies, document lists, and brief narrative overviews.

President's Speech on Third Anniversary of Organization of African Unity 5/26/66 14 Congo C-130 Crisis, July 1967 15 NSF, Agency File: Material on Africa will be scattered throughout this collection; consult the finding aid for a complete folder title list. The following folders are known to contain relevant material:

“State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 1, 2nd Meeting 3/15/66” [Ghana] 56

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“State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 1, 3rd Meeting, 3/22/66” [Rhodesia] 56 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 1, 4th Meeting, 3/29/66” [Rhodesia] 56 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 1, 5th Meeting, 4/5/66” [Rhodesia] 56 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 1, 9th Meeting, 5/31/66” [Tunisia] 56 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 1, 11th Meeting, 6/21/66” [Tunisia] 56 Box # “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 1, 15th Meeting, 1/30/67” [Morocco] 56 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 1, 19th Meeting, 8/2/67” [Libya] 56 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 2, 25th Meeting, 11/22/67” [Northern Africa] 57 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 2, 26th Meeting, 11/30/67” [Northern Africa] 57 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 3, 31st Meeting, 2/15/68” [Northern Africa] 57 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 8, 46th Meeting, 11/26/68” [Southern Africa] 59 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Vol. 8, 47th Meeting, 12/3/68” [Southern Africa] 59 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Memos & Misc., Vol. II” [1966-1968] [Congo] 60 “State, Dept. of, SIG Group, Memos & Misc.,Vol. IV [1966-1968] [Rhodesia, Zambia] 60 NSF, Memos to the President: This chronologically arranged series consists of memoranda (with attachments) to the President from his national security advisors, McGeorge Bundy (11/63-2/66) and Walt W. Rostow (4/66-1/69). Material on Africa is scattered throughout the file. NSF, Files of McGeorge Bundy: In addition to the folders listed below, there may be material in boxes 1-14 that contain Bundy’s Chron File.

"B" [Congo, South Africa, Ghana] 15 “Foreign Aid (1965 Clifford Task Force)” [Africa general] 15 “Non-Committee” [Nigeria] 15 “Correspondence with Senators and the Vice President” [Congo] 17 "Miscellaneous Meetings, Vol. I, 2/4/64 - 10/7/65 [Congo] 18 “Daily Regional Staff Report to the President” [Africa general] 19 “Luncheons with the President, Volume 1 2/4/64-10/7/65” [Africa general] 19 "Memorandums of Meetings with President, Vol. 1" [Libya, Congo, Zanzibar, Ghana] 19 NSF, Files of Walt W. Rostow “Meetings with the President, April-Dec. 1966” [Tunisia] 1 “Meetings with the President, Jan.-June 1967” [Morocco, Rhodesia] 1 “Meetings with the President, July-Dec. 1967” [Congo] 1 “Meetings with the President, May-June 1968” [Rhodesia] 2 “Tuesday’s Luncheon, Suggested Agenda” [Rhodesia] 2 “[Non-Vietnam: July-September 1966]” [Africa general] 15 “[Non-Vietnam: January-February 1967]” [Ethiopia, Africa general] 15 “[Non-Vietnam: July-September 1967]” [Congo] 16 “[Non-Vietnam: October-December 1967]” [Congo] 16 “[Non-Vietnam: January-February 1968]” [Congo] 16 “[Non-Vietnam: March-June 1968]” [Africa general, Rhodesia] 16 “Visitors—1966 (WWR)” [Central African Republic] 17 “Visitors—1967 (WWR) [2]” [Guinea, Tunisia] 17 “Visitors—1968 (WWR) [2]” [Tunisia] 17 NSF, Files of Edward K. Hamilton: Edward Hamilton was a senior staff member of the NSC on detail from the Bureau of the Budget from October 1965 until December 1968. His areas of responsibility included Africa, South Asia, and aid problems in general. In addition to the material listed below, boxes 4 through 7 contain material on foreign assistance; information on Africa will be scattered throughout these boxes.

"Africa, General" 1 "Arms Control in Africa" 1

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"Botswana" 1 "Cameroon" 1 "Central African Republic" 1 "Chad" 1 "Congo [A]" 1 Box # "Congo [B]" 2 "Dahomey" 2 "Ethiopia" 2 "Gabon" 2 "Ghana" 2 "Guinea" 2 “Ivory Coast" 3 "Kenya" 3 "Korry Report on African Development Policy and Programs" 3 "Liberia" 3 "Malawi" 3 "Nigeria" 3 "Rhodesia" 3 "Somalia" 3 "South Africa" 3 "South West Africa" 4 "Sudan" 4 "Swaziland" 4 "Tanzania" 4 "Uganda" 4 "Upper Volta" 4 "Zambia" 4 NSF, Files of Charles E. Johnson: Charles Johnson was a member of the NSC staff from 1962 through the close of the Johnson administration. He divided his time between the NSC, the AEC, and NASA. This collection consists of files concerning scientific matters, space matters, weaponry, arms control, and atomic energy.

“Space Tracking Stations-General (includes Spain, S. Africa, Australia)” 17 “NUCLEAR – Nuclear Research Experiment (Pretoria, South Africa)” 37 “NUCLEAR – South African Research Reactor” 42 “NUCLEAR – Peaceful Uses of Energy (Agreements for Cooperation)” [S. Africa] NSF, Files of Ulric Haynes: Ulric Haynes was a NSC staff member from March 1965 to June 1966 concentrating on sub-Saharan African affairs.

"CHRONO (Haynes) 3/1/65 - 6/15/66" 1 NSF, Files of Robert Komer: Komer was appointed a NSC staff assistant to McGeorge Bundy in 1961. In 1965 he was named Deputy Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and the following year he was made Special Assistant to the President. His areas of expertise on the NSC staff included the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. In 1967, he left Washington to become Gen. Westmoreland’s Deputy for Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS).

“Aid Review 1965-1966” [Africa general] 11 “Algeria December 19963-March 1966” 11 “Algeria Economic December 1963-March 1966” 11 “Algeria-Morocco December 1963-March 1966” 12 “Bundy, McGeorge, Decisions 1965-1966” [Africa general,Congo, Rhodesia, S.Africa] 13 “Congressional Contact 1965-March 1966” [Congo, Zambia] 19

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“Libya 1964” 39 “Libya 1965-March 1966” 39 “Morocco December 1963-March 1966” 43 “Tunisia December 1963-March 1966” 50 NSF, Files of Harold H. Saunders: Saunders was a member of the NSC staff from 1961 to 1974. This collection contains a subject file, copies of the NSC Histories for which he was responsible, and a chronological file. Material pertaining to Africa could be scattered throughout the chronological file in boxes 41 through 47. See also the following folders:

Box #

“Visit of King Hassan of Morocco, Feb. 8-17, 1967” 1 “Visit of President Bourguiba of Tunisia, May 15-17, 1968” 3 “Visit of Prime Minister Bakkush of Libya, Sept. 23-28, 1968” 4 “Presidential Decisions – Africa 4/1/66-1/19/69” 5 “Algeria 4/1/66-1/20/69” 5 “Libya 4/1/66-1/20/69” 5 Morocco [2 folders] 6 Tunisia [2 folders] 6 “Africa 1966-1/20/69” 7

RECORDINGS AND TRANSCRIPTS OF TELEPHONE CONVERSATIONS

This collection includes over 6,000 recordings of President Johnson’s conversations with members of Congress, other public officials, members of the press, and friends and family from November 1963 through January 1969. The collection includes a significant number of recorded conversations that pertain to Africa. Detailed individual descriptions of the conversations are available on the Library’s web site, http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu. The Miller Center has the recordings of the conversations available on their web site; our web site has a link to the Miller Center under the “Related Links” button in the “Research” section.

CABINET PAPERS Included in the Cabinet Papers are agendas, minutes, background memos, draft presidential remarks, and other materials. "Cabinet Meeting, 7/26/66" [South Africa] 6 "Cabinet Meeting, 7/19/67" [the Congo, Nigeria] 9 "Cabinet Meeting, 1/17/68" [Report of the Vice President on his African trip] 12 “Cabinet Meeting, 9/5/68” [Includes Biafra] 14 “Cabinet Review: The Peace Corps, Department of State” 17

TOM JOHNSON’S NOTES OF MEETINGS This collection includes notes for close to 120 meetings that President Johnson held with his senior civilian and military foreign policy advisors during 1967 and 1968, including 45 Tuesday luncheons. In addition, the collection includes notes for more than 80 meetings that President Johnson held with House and Senate leaders, correspondents, his Cabinet, businessmen, and other groups. "July 13, 1967 - 12:08 p.m. (NSC Mtg #572)" [Southwest Africa, Nigeria, the Congo] 1 “July 19, 1967 – 12:23 p.m. Cabinet Meeting” 1 "September 25, 1968 National Security Council" [Biafra] 4

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MEETING NOTES FILES

This collection includes notes for 100 of President Johnson’s foreign policy meetings from 1963 through 1968, mostly with senior foreign policy advisors and Congressional leaders. While three-quarters of the meetings deal with the Vietnam War, the folder for 1/25/67 in box 1 contains material on Rhodesia.

JOHN McCONE MEMORANDA This collection consists of notes of sixty-eight presidential meetings attended by Director of Central Intelligence John McCone between November 23, 1963 and McCone’s resignation on April 28, 1965. In addition, there are notes of four presidential meetings which one or more of McCone’s key aides attended in his stead. McCone himself prepared the notes for fifty-seven of the meetings. In the other fifteen cases, the notes were prepared by one of the aides who attended the meeting with McCone or in his place. McCone gave the collection of notes to President Johnson in 1969 to assist the former president with the preparation of his memoirs, The Vantage Point. Ranging from NSC meetings to smaller gatherings of foreign policy advisers to McCone’s meetings alone with the President, the meetings concern a great variety of international issues, with Vietnam a prominent topic. Material on Africa, and in particular Ghana, the Congo, Nigeria, and Libya, is to be found in this collection.

APPOINTMENT FILES The Diary Cards in the Reading Room provide an alphabetically arranged name index to the President's appointments. Once the date of an appointment has been determined, check the "Diaries and Logs" finding aid for the number of the appropriate boxes in both the Daily Diary and the President's Appointment File [Diary Backup]. The Daily Diary is a log sheet of appointments and phone calls maintained by the White House secretaries. The Diary Backup contains preparation material, press releases, and schedules for meetings and appointments, as well as some reports and notes from the meetings. Box # “November 26, 1963” [Selassie of Ethiopia] 1 “July 27, 1964” and “July 28, 1964” [Tsiranana of Malagasy Republic] 7 “December 2, 1964” [Kaunda of Zambia] 12 “December 4, 1964” [Banda of Malawi] 12 “January 14, 1965” [Congo, Niger, Central African Republic] 12 “March 29, 1965” [Yameogo of Upper Volta] 15 “May 5, 1965” [Abbas of Sudan] 16 “May 26, 1966” [Org. of African Unity] 35 “September 28, 1966, President Senghor of Senegal” 46 “November 4, 1966” [Adoula of Congo] 48 “February 9-10, 1967, King Hassan of Morocco” 55 “February 13-14, 1967, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia” 55 “June 8, 1967, Visit of President Banda of Malawi” 68

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“August 14, 1967, Visit of President Gregoire Kayibanda of Rwanda” 73 “August 17, 1967, President Houphouet-Boigny of the Ivory Coast” 74 “September 22, 1967, Chief Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho” 77 “September 26, 1967, Visit of President Diori of Niger” 77 “October 10, 1967, Visit of General and Mrs. Ankrah of Ghana” 79 Box # “October 24, 1967, El Hadj Ahmadou Ahidjo, Pres. of Rep. of Cameroon” 80 “March 14, 1968, Visit of Prime Minister and Mrs. Egal of Somalia” 92 “March 27, 1968, Visit of President and Mrs. Tubman of Liberia” 94 “May 9, 1968” [Ramgoolam of Mauritius] 98 “May 15-16, 1968, Visit of President Bourguiba of Tunisia” 99 “May 23, 1968” [lunch with many African ambassadors] 100 “September 18, 1968” [Dlamini of Swaziland] 110 “October 2, 1968, H.E. Francois Tombalbaye, Pres. of the Rep. of Chad” 111

ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORIES At the end of the Johnson administration, each agency and department prepared a history of its activities and accomplishments during the Johnson years. See the finding aid for a table of contents of the various administrative histories. Agency for International Development Boxes 1-3 Vol. I Part II A.I.D. Operations Overseas Chapter IX Africa Chapter XI Africa State Department Administrative History, 1968 Vol. I Chapter V Africa Box 2 Chapter X The United Nations Box 4 C. African Issues in the United Nations 1.The Rhodesian Question 2.The South West Africa Question Vol. II Documentary Supplement, Part 3 Africa, U.S. Policy: Korry Report The Congo Nigeria Francophone Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Vol. II Documentary Supplement, Part 5 The South West Africa Question United States Information Agency Boxes 1-2 Chap. 5 The Program Part C. African Area (IAA) Program

WHITE HOUSE CENTRAL FILES (WHCF) This permanent White House office was the main filing unit during the Johnson presidency, though not the primary file for foreign policy documents. Material was filed under 60 major subject headings, several of which are pertinent to Africa. For descriptions of the various subject headings, see the finding aid for WHCF.

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Agriculture (AG) Box # AG 7-1 Barter Program 10 Material on various USDA barter contracts and barter conversions, including

Congo barter project, and Republic of South African uranium barter project.

Civil Aviation (CA) [some references to negotiations and agreements with South Africa] Box # CA 7 Cases – Decisions [CAB decisions on international routes] Among airlines and/or countries included are: Congo, Republic of -- US 10 South Africa -- US 15 Countries (CO) CO 1/A-Z Continental Areas/A-Z. [Africa general] 6

CO 1-1 Continental Areas – Africa [Material on US-African foreign policy; economic development of Africa; African reaction to US civil rights developments; President’s meetings with African diplomatic corps; South African apartheid policy; and conferences on Africa]

6-7

CO 13 Algeria [7/27/65 meeting with Algerian ambassador and political situation in Algeria]

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CO 15 Angola [support of Angolan self-determination at the UN] 12 CO 31 Basutoland [appt. of Albert Mohaleas as first ambassador to the US] 15 CO 32 Bechuanaland [Botswana] [ambassadorial appointments;

Independence Day ceremonies; 1965 visit of Prime Minister Khama] 16

CO 42 Cameroon, Republic of [material on Cameroon and Pres. Ahidjo] 18 CO 46 Central African Republic [US and CAR ambassadorial personnel] 20 CO 48 Chad, Republic of [missionaries in Chad; ambassadorial credentials] 21 CO 52 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 24 Material on the civil wars and revolts in the Congo, including evacuation of

white mercenaries to Europe, arrests, kidnapping of Premier Moise Tshombe, U.S. aircraft support on 1967 rebellion, rescue mission and evacuation of Americans, and solutions to Congolese problems.

CO 53 Congo, People's Republic of [US-Congo diplomatic relations] 24 CO 60 Dahomey, Republic of [cross references] 27 CO 73 Ethiopia [includes Eritrea] 29 Material on Emperor Haile Selassie's peace efforts with Nigerian Civil War

and Humphrey's visit in 1968.

CO 74 Equatorial Guinea, Republic of [cross references] 29 CO 90 Gabon, Republic of [cross references] 31 CO 91 Gambia [1965 Gambian independence ceremonies; request for aid] 31 CO 93 Ghana [cross references and publications on Dr. Kwame Nkrumah] 35 CO 98 Guinea, Republic of [Guinean independence ceremonies] 37 CO 128 Ivory Coast, Republic of [cross references] 46 CO 150 Kenya 49 Material on U.S. food and medical assistance; literacy mission; celebration of

Kenya independence; and suggested visit of Prime Minister Jomo Kenyatta.

CO 163 Liberia [cross references; Tubman inauguration] 51 CO 164 Libya [contains copy of an AID article on Libya and Afghanistan] 51 CO 182 Malagasy Republic [6/64 visit of Gen. and Mrs. Ramanantsoa] 51 CO 185 Mali, Republic of 52 Concerns meat agreement between Mali and Henry S. Hendler and activities

of Bill Bennett as U.S. Exhibit Manager.

CO 188 Mauritania [cross references] 52 CO 189 Mauritius, Republic of [sugar disussions; independence ceremonies] 52 CO 192 Morocco [US aid; ambassadorial courtesy call] 56

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CO 193 Mozambique [cross references] 56 CO 205 Niger, Republic of [1966 Nigerian crisis] 58 CO 206 Nigeria, Federation of 58 Material on U.S.-Nigerian diplomatic relations; Nigeria-Biafra Civil War; and

U.S. aid and economic assistance to Nigeria and Biafra for reconstruction.

Box # CO 206-1 Biafra, Republic of 58 Material on efforts to attain peace in Nigeria-Biafra Civil War; U.S. relief

program; and support for Biafran independence.

CO 250 Rhodesia, Federation of 65 Material on 1965-67 Rhodesian crisis, especially Southern Rhodesia's

independence rebellion; British economic boycotts and oil embargo against Rhodesia; U.S. policy toward Rhodesia; and trade with Rhodesia.

CO 252 Rwanda [cross references] 65 CO 260 Sahara [one cross reference] 66 CO 263 Senegal, Republic of [cross references] 66 CO 264 Seychelles [one cross reference] 66 CO 265 Sierra Leone [cross references] 66 CO 267 Somalia Republic [cross references] 67 CO 271 Southwest Africa 67 Material on question of self-determination and independence for Southwest

Africa from South Africa.

CO 274 Sudan [US physician assisting Prime Min. Mahgoub] 67 CO 276 Swaziland [9/68 Swaziland Independence Day ceremonies] 67 CO 288 Tanzania (United Republic of) [cross references] 68 CO 290 Tanganyika [cross references] 68 CO 292 Togo, Republic of [1/11/67 treaty with Togo] 69 CO 295 Tunisia [US aid to Tunisia] 70 CO 300 Uganda [proposed visit of Pres. Mutesa] 71 CO 302 Republic of South Africa 71-72 Material on South African racial policies (apartheid) and conflict between

South Africa and Southwest Africa; US boycott of ships in South African trade; removal of tracking stations in South Africa; aircraft carrier FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT incident; and cessation of docking of US warships at Cape Town. Contains articles and booklets concerning South Africa.

CO 306 Upper Volta [1966 coup; disappearance of Mrs. Yameogo] 78 CO 328 Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) 86 Material on 1966 airlift to Zambia; delegation to 1964 independence

celebrations; 1965 Rhodesia crisis.

CO 330 Zanzibar 86 Concerns 1964 revolt; U.S. recognition of government of Zanzibar;

independence cermonies; and requests for U.S. assistance.

CO 332 Burundi, Kingdom of [cross references] 86 CO 334 Malawi, Republic of [Banda visits and Banda inauguration] 87 Disasters (DI) DI 2/CO Droughts [Senegal] 3 Foreign Affairs (FO) FO 2/CO 150 Diplomatic – Consular Relations – Kenya 12 Gifts (GI) GI 3 From the United States

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Contains material on gifts from the President as Chief Executive of the United States and exchange of gifts during State visits of heads of state, leaders of government, and other foreign dignitaries. Includes memoranda regarding presidential gift procedures and the question of gifts to the First Family from foreign leaders.

GI 4 To the United States Material on gifts to the United States through the President as Chief

Executive.

[Researcher should establish name of head of state as well as date of visit in order to request appropriate boxes of materal. See “List of Head of State Visits with African Dignitaries” at the end of this guide.]

Immigration – Naturalization (IM) Box # IM 1 Quotas 8 Proclamations concerned with immigration quotas for the following

countries: Algeria, Uganda, Malaysia, Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia.

International Organizations (IT) IT 47-32 Economic Commission for Africa. [UN] 15 IT 90 African Development Bank 19 Meetings – Conferences (MC) MC/CO 1-CO 334 Meetings - Conferences / Countries 3 Memos, correspondence and lists of participants for international

conferences and meetings in various countries, including Africa.

National Security – Defense (ND) ND 19/CO 52 Congo 200 File contains a December 1967 letter from Sen. Fulbright commending the

President on the handling of the Congo situation; July 1967 letter from fifteen Republican Senators on deployment of C-130's to Congo; July 1967 telegram in response to Whitney Young; September 1967 Secretary Macomber-Rep. Rogers correspondence; and mail from the general public.

Outer Space (OS) OS 3 Launching Sites - Tracking Stations 5 Contains cross references to material relating to the building of receiving

stations for communications satellites in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

Peace (PC) PC Peace 1-3 Material on the President's efforts to promote and secure world peace. PC 2/CO Food For Peace/Subdivided by Country 6 Contains material on specific Food for Peace programs and food assistance

in countries including Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, and Morocco.

PC 5 Peace Corps Program 8 Speeches (SP) EX SP 3-133 Remarks Third Anniv. of the Organization of African Unity, 5/26/66 181 Trade (TA) TA 2 Trade Boycotts – Embargoes [Rhodesia and South Africa] 4

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WHCF, CONFIDENTIAL FILE Arranged in the same subject categories as the WHCF Subject File, this file contains security classified or otherwise sensitive material. The CF Name File serves as a name index to the CF Subject File. This collection also includes agency reports and oversize attachments. The CF is entirely processed, but portions are still classified. Box # AG 7-1 Barter Program. [South Africa] 1 CA 7/Africa-US Civil Aviation Cases -- Decisions 4 CO 1-1 Continental Areas, Africa 6 CO 13, Algeria 6 CO 31, Lesotho, Kingdom of 7 CO 32, Bechuanaland 7 CO 42, Cameroon 7 CO 46, Central African Republic 7 CO 48, Chad, Republic of 7 CO 52 Congo, Republic of the (Former Belgian Congo) 8 CO 53 Congo, Republic of the (Central Congo, Former French) 8 CO 60, Dahomey, Republic of 8 CO 73, Ethiopia (includes Eritrea) 8 CO 90, Gabon, Republic of 8 CO 93 Ghana 8 CO 98 Guinea 8 CO 128, Ivory Coast, Republic of 9 CO 150 Kenya 10 CO 163, Liberia 10 CO 164, Libya 10 CO 182, Malagasy Republic (Madagascar) 10 CO 185, Mali, Republic of 10 CO 188, Mauritania 10 CO 192, Morocco 10 CO 105, Niger 10 CO 206 Nigeria 11 CO 206-1 Biafra 11 CO 250 Rhodesia-Nyasaland, Federation of 11 CO 252, Rwanda, Republic of 11 CO 263, Senegal, Republic of 11 CO 265, Sierra Leone 11 CO 267, Somali Republic 11 CO 271 Southwest Africa 11 CO 274, Sudan 11 CO 288, Tanzania, United Republic (includes Tanganyika and Zanzibar) 11 CO 290, Tanganyika 11 CO 292, Togo, Republic of 11 CO 295, Tunisia 11 CO 300, Uganda 11 CO 302 Republic of South Africa 12 CO 306, Upper Volta, Republic of 12 CO 328, Zambia 13 CO 332, Burundi, Kingdom of 13 CO 334, Malawi (formerly Nyasaland) 13 FO 2/CO Diplomatic Consular Relations / Countries 45 IT 47-32 Economic Commission for Africa 59 ND 19/CO 52 National Defense, Republic of the Congo 70

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SP 3-134 Remarks at Third Anniversary, Organization of African Unity 89 TA 4/CO Exports by Country 91 Oversize Attachments 11/30/68 Packet #1 [Cater folder including correspondence

re...Tunisian-American Foundation] 192

11/30/68 Packet #2 [as above] 192 WHCF NAME FILE

This file serves as a name index to the Subject File. Name Files, in general, contain copies of the first page of documents (used as cross references) filed in the Subject Files. Request files by name of individual or organization. There is a card file in the Reading Room card catalogue indicating those Name Files which are already available for research. Name Files will be processed upon request.

HANDWRITING FILE The Handwriting File is a collection that was maintained during the White House years. Documents exhibiting Johnson's handwriting are contained in this file. Often these documents bypassed the White House Central Files Office and went directly to the Handwriting File. Consequently, some material in the Handwriting File is not in WHCF. Box # “July 1964 [1 of 2]” [Congo 7/7/64] 3 “February 1965 [2 of 3]” [LBJ views on Bill Atwood 2/15/65] 5 “July 1966 [1 of 3]” [Ghana 7/8/66] 16 “July 1966 [3 of 3]” [Tunisia 7/27/66] 16 “April 1968 [2 of 2]” [Congo 4/25/68] 29

OFFICE FILES OF THE WHITE HOUSE AIDES Many White House aides maintained office files of their own, separate physically from the rest of the White House Central Files. The files of each aide reflect his or her responsibilities. This list is not definitive, but it does include most pertinent folders in the aides' files. Bellinger, Ceil “Africa” 1 Busby, Horace “Upper Volta, (Visit) 3/29/65” 26 “Malagasy (Pres. of) Arrival & Toast 7/27/64” 51 Cater, Douglass “Memos to the President, July 1966” [Tunisia] 15 “Task Force on International Education [2]” [Africa general] 40 “Communications Satellite Service for Less Developed Countries [2]” [Africa general,

Nigeria, Ethiopia] 46

“Booklet: The Hazen Foundations, 1965 and 1966” [Africa general] 57 Duggan, Ervin “A.I.D. International Education Paper” 14 Gaither, James C. “Overseas Voluntary Activities” 35 “Task Force on International Education” 170 “7th Annual Report, Peace Corps, 1968” 239

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“1968 Annual Report, Agency for International Development” 239 “Task Force on Foreign Aid” 345 “International Health” 347 “Foreign Aid” 353 “Foreign Trade” 353 Box # Goldstein, Ernest “Marcel Dassault" [1968] Memoranda on the sale of three French jets from the Avions

Marcel Dassault Firm to South Africa. 4

Hardesty, Robert “National Security (A-M): Africa” 7 McPherson, Harry "Africa" 1 “CU – Eugene Nickerson” [Africa general] 7 “United Nations” [Rhodesia] 17 “Miscellany” [contains a draft report to the African Law Committee of the American

Bar Association on the “Denial of the Right to Counsel in South Africa”] 58

Macy, John: Macy was the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission. As a “talent scout” he maintained a file on all persons considered for appointments. These folders are reviewed on written request; researchers should anticipate a delay in receiving material. A card file is maintained in the Reading Room for those name files currently available. Also note the following folders:

“African Country” 674 “Algeria” 674 “Bechuanaland” 675 “Botswana” 675 “Burundi” 676 “Cameroon” 676 “Central-African Rep.” 676 “Chad” 676 “Congo-Brazzaville” 677 “Congo (Leopoldville)” 677 “Dahomey” 677 “Ethiopia” 678 “Gabon” 678 “Gambia” 678 “Ghana” 679 “Guinea” 679 “Ivory Coast” 682 “Kenya” 682 “Lesotho (Basutoland)” 682 “Liberia” 682 “Libya” 683 “Malagasy” 683 “Malawi” 683 “Mali” 683 “Mauritania” 684 “Mauritius” 684 “Morocco” 684 “Niger” 685 “Nigeria” 685

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“Rwanda” 686 “Senegal” 686 “Sierra Leone” 686 “Somali” 687 “South Africa” 687 Box # “Sudan” 687 “Swaziland” 687 “Tanzania” 688 “Togo” 688 “Tunisia” 689 “Uganda” 689 “Upper Volta” 689 “Zambia” 691 Manatos, Mike “Food for Peace” 7 “Nasser Amendment 1965” 9 Moyers, Bill “Peace Corps #2 [2 of 2]” [Ethiopia] 14 “Peace Corps [3 of 3]” [Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana] 14 “Bill Moyers' Notes – Ethiopia” 15 “Bill Moyers' Notes – Tunisia” 15 “Memos – To & From the Director [2 of 2]” [Ethiopia, Sierra Leone, Africa general] 41 “`A' Correspondence - General [1961-1963]” [Africa general] 43 “`B' Correspondence - General [May-November 1963]” [Africa general] 43 “Pugwash”[15th Pugwash Conf. on Science & World Affairs, Addis Ababa 12/65-1/66] 74 “Miscellaneous Material – 1966” [contacts with foreign heads of state & ambassadors] 76 “African Speech” 80 Background material and draft comments for the President's 5/26/66

presentation to OAU ambassadors of the book African Art in American Collections; material on African constitutions, including excerpts from several of them highlighting similarities with the United States Constitution.

“Ethiopia” 81 “Nigeria” 82 “South Africa” 82 “Miscellaneous Material re Ghana” 111 Press statement released 2/10/64 by the Ghana Students' Association of the

Americas pertaining to anti-American demonstrations in Ghana.

“The Attitudes, Hopes and Fears of Nigerians” 117 “Welcome to the King of Burundi 5/19/64” 125 “Uranium Contract” 134 Department of Agriculture 4/12/65 press release about a barter project by

which the United States would trade surplus agricultural products to South Africa and the Congo for uranium and industrial diamonds.

Panzer, Fred “Africa” [Subject File] 314 “Congo” [Subject File] 333 “Report of the Special Study Mission to Africa 1965” (pamphlet) 573 Reedy, George

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“Travel-Europe, Africa April 1961” (5 folders) 6 Sparks, William R. “King Hassan of Morocco” and “Haile Selassie” 11 “Somalia” 18 Stegall, Mildred Box # “Algeria – Internal Security – 1964” 63 “South African Affairs 4/13/64” 73 Wattenberg, Ben “Ankrah (Ghana) Toast - Oct. 10, 1967” 7

SOCIAL FILES These files consist of approximately 1,000 cubic feet of material generated during the White House years. They contain material on the activities of Mrs. Johnson, her daughters, and social activities of the Presidency. Unprocessed material will be processed upon request; request files by both the folder title and box number. Social Files - Alpha File: This file contains outgoing correspondence from Mrs. Johnson or her staff and often includes the original incoming correspondence as well.

“Africa (only)” 7 “Africa (South Africa) (only)” 7 “Algeria (only)” 12 “Burundi (only)” 278 “Cameroon (only)” 288 “Chad (only)” 324 “Congo (Brazzaville) (only)” 375 “Dahomey (only)” 635 “Ethiopia (only)” 759 “Gabon (only)” 816 “Ghana (only)” 835 “Guinea (only)” 901 “Ivory Coast (only)” 1013 “Liberia (only)” 1364 “Libya (only)” 1365 “Malagasy Republic (only)” 1403 “Mali (only)” 1404 “Morocco (only)” 1493 “Niger (only)” 1537 “Nigeria (only)” 1537 “Rhodesia (only)” 1747 “Rwanda (only)” 1798 “Senegal (only)” 1842 “Sierra Leone (only)” 1860 “Somali” 1888 “Sudan” 1922 “Tanganyika” 1975 “Togo (only)” 2003 “Tsiranana, Philibert (Pres. of Malagasy) (only)” 2022 “Tunisia (only)” 2023 “Uganda (only)” 2027 “Upper Volta (only)” 2033

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“White House Dinner (Malagasy) (Pres. Philibert Tsiranen) 7/27/64” 2101 Liz Carpenter's Subject File: Elizabeth Carpenter was Mrs. Johnson’s Press Secretary during the White House years. These files contain both subject and speech files.

“President of Malagasy Visit, 7/27/64” 8 Box # “President of Upper Volta, 3/29/65” 14 “Dinner for King Hassan of Morocco, 2/9/67” 32 “Dinner for Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, 2/14/67” 32 “Stag luncheon - Malawi President, 6/8/67” 37 “Luncheon for Ivory Coast President Boigny, 8/17/67” 39 “Dinner for President of Niger, 9/26/67” 42 “General Ankrah of Ghana luncheon” 43 “Pres. el Hadj Ahmadou Ahidjo, Rep. of Cameroon luncheon 10/24/67” 43 “Prime Minister and Mrs. Egal of Somalia, 3/14/68” 47 “President Tubman of Liberia 3/27/68” 47 “State dinner for President Bourguiba of Tunisia, 5/15/68” 51 “Chad state dinner, 10/2/68” 54 “Biafran Children” 59 Bess Abell's White House Social Office Files: Contains the files of Mrs. Johnson’s Social Secretary.

“King Mwambutsa IV of Burundi, 5/19/64” 3 “Reception - African Chiefs Mission 7/13/64” 5 “Malagasy Dinner 7/27/64” 5 “White House Dinner (Malagasy) 7/27/64” 5 “State Dinner for Upper Volta, 3/29/65” 8 “President of Senegal (Stag luncheon), 9/28/66” 17 “Morocco Dinner 2/9/67” 19 “Ethiopia Dinner, 2/14/67” 19 “Prime Minister of Somalia, 3/14/68” 24 “President of Liberia, 3/27/68” 24 “President of Tunisia, 5/15/68” 26 “Prime Minister of Libya, 9/25/68” 28 “President of Chad, 10/2/68” 28 Social Entertainment Office Files: Contains all planning, invitations, programs, and guest lists for social events at the White House.

“Reception - Organization for African Unity, 7/13/64 (CANCELLED)” 35 “Dinner - H.E. The Pres. of the Malagasy Rep. and Mrs. Tsiranana, 7/27/64” 36 “[Tsiranana dinner] "Music following dinner, 7/27/64" 37 “Dinner (Pres. & Mrs. Johnson) - The Pres. of Upper Volta & Mrs. Yameogo, 3/29/65 48 “Receive (Mrs. Johnson) - Mrs. Kenyetta, wife of the Pres. of Kenya, 11/18/65” 62 “Reception (President Johnson) (stag) - African Ambassadors (Third Anniversary of

Organiztion of African Unity), 5/26/66” 72

“Luncheon - President of Senegal 9/28/66” 80 “Dinner (Pres. & Mrs. Johnson)… Hassan II, King of Morocco 2/9/67” 85 “Dinner (Pres. & Mrs. Johnson) - Haile Selassie, Emp. of Ethiopia, 2/14/67” 86 “Luncheon (stag) - President of Malawi, H. Kamuzu Banda, 6/8/67” 96 “Luncheon (Pres. & Mrs. Johnson), Pres. of the Ivory Coast, 8/17/67” 99 “Dinner (Pres. & Mrs. Johnson) - President of Niger and Mrs. Diori, 9/26/67” 101 “Luncheon (Pres. & Mrs. Johnson), Gen. and Mrs. Ankrah of Ghana, 10/10/67” 102 “Luncheon (stag) - President of Cameroon, 10/24/67” 103 “Dinner (Pres. & Mrs. Johnson) – Pres. and Mrs. Egal of Somalia, 3/14/68” 110

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“Dinner (Pres. & Mrs. Johnson). Pres. of Liberia and Mrs. Tubman, 3/27/68” 111 “Dinner (Pres. & Mrs. Johnson) - President Bourguiba of Tunisia, 5/15/68” 116 “Dinner (President and Mrs. Johnson) - President of Chad, 10/2/68” 124

WHITE HOUSE PRESS OFFICE FILES

For transcripts of background briefings on Africa conducted by the White House Press Secretary and others, see the following: Box # “1/2/66-1/26/66” [1/8/66, Secretary Williams trip to Africa] 81 “4/20/66-6/28/66” [5/26/66, President’s speech on 3rd Anniv. of Org. of African Unity” 81 “2/2/67-2/13/67” [2/8/67, Visit of King Hassan II of Morocco; 2/13/67, Emperor Haile

Selassie’s pending visit] 82

“5/7/68-6/28/68” [5/16/68, President Bourguiba’s Visit] 83

STATEMENTS OF LYNDON B. JOHNSON

This chronologically arranged collection includes drafts and final copies of speeches, backup material, correspondence, and other documents. 5 folders re Johnson’s trip to Senegal 4/61 52 “Departure statement to President Bourguiba, Tunisia 5/6/61” 53 “Remarks greeting Tafawa Balewa…of…Nigeria upon his arrival in the US 7/25/61” 56 “Farewell remarks by Vice President to President of Togo 3/22/62” 63 “Welcome statement by Vice President for the Libyan Crown Prince 10/16/62” 72 “Vice Pres. on inaugural demonstration for SYNCOM; conversation with the Nigerian

foreign minister Wachuku, Voice of America 8/23/63” 84

4 folders re visit of Philbert Tsiranana, President of the Malagasy Republic, 7/64 114 3 folders re visit of Maurice Yameogo, President of the Republic of Upper Volta, 3/65 142 “Msg. of greeting from the Pres. to the Org. of African Unity Summit, Accra 10/21/65” 166 “Remarks of the Pres…marking the 3rd Anniv. Of the Org. of African Unity 5/26/66” 188 “Stmt. From the Pres. for the 12th International Student Conf., Nairobi, Kenya 8/14/66” 201 2 folders re visit of Leopold Sedar Senghar, President of Senegal, 9/28/66 212 2 folders re visit of King Hassan II of Morocco, 2/9/67 229 2 folders re visit of Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, 2/67 229 2 folders re visit of Hastings Kamuzu Banda, Pres. of the Republic of Malawi, 6/8/67 240 “Exchange of toasts between Pres. Johnson and Pres. Felix Houphouet-Boigny of the

Ivory Coast…8/17/67” 244

2 folders re visit of Diori Hamani, President of the Republic of Niger, 9/26/67 246 “Toasts of the President and President Ahidjo of Cameroon 10/24/67” 250 2 folders re visit of Prime Minister Egal of the Somali Republic, 3/14/68 268 2 folders re visit of William V.S. Tubman, President of Liberia, 3/27/68 270 3 folders re visit of Habib Bourguiba, President of the Republic of Tunisia, 5/15/68 278 “Stmt. by the Pres. appealing for the prevention of mass starvation in Nigeria 7/11/68” 284 2 folders re visit of Francois Tombalbaye, President of the Republic of Chad, 10/68 289 “Stmt. by the Pres. upon authorizing aid to victims of the civil war in Nigeria 11/8/68” 293

VICE-PRESIDENTIAL PAPERS 1961-1963

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These files reflect Lyndon Johnson’s activities and responsibilities as Vice President, including his role as a member of the National Security Council. Subject File -- 1961 “Foreign Relations: Africa” 79 Subject File -- 1962 Box # “Foreign Relations: Africa” 134 Subject File -- 1963 “Foreign Relations: Africa” 195 Vice Presidential Office Files of George Reedy “Liberia” 6 “1962 Reedy Personal [June-August]” [Senegal] 32

VICE-PRESIDENTIAL SECURITY FILES The VP Security Files, 1961-1963, consist largely of the files of Colonel Howard L. Burris, who served as Air Force Aide to the Vice President following his appointment on February 25, 1961. Burris’ responsibilities included national security matters, contacts with the military, and foreign and domestic travel. In addition to the folders below, see boxes 4-6 for NSC meetings material and Howard Burris’ memos on Africa. Boxes 4-6 contain material related to Africa in general, and various African countries. The Congo and Ghana are most prominent, but there is also some mention of Liberia, Guinea, Cameroon, Togo, Malagasy, Dahomey, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Mauritania, Sierra Leona, Nigeria, Gabon, Angola, Mozambique, the Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Senegal, and Somalia. “[Vice President's Trip to Senegal]” 1 “V.P. Trip to Puerto Rico, Senegal, Geneva, Paris -- April 1-7, 1961” 1 “Vice President's Trip to Africa and Europe April 1961” 1 “Prime Minister Belawara of Nigeria Visit -- June 1961” 11

SENATE PAPERS 1949-1961 Researchers may request review of individual folders. Advance notice is preferred. The papers reflect Johnson's role as Senator from Texas and as Democratic Party leader. Subject Files, 1960 “Foreign Relations” [Africa] 767 “Foreign Relations” [Algeria] 768 “Foreign Relations Congo” 768 “Foreign Relations Suez” 772

LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON ARCHIVES 1931-1968 In 1958, the Johnson staff instituted a records management program. This program included the establishment of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Archives (LBJA) to house items of permanent value and a plan to dispose of noncurrent files. Johnson files from the House and Senate period were screened, and selected items and files were moved to the LBJA file. Between 1958 and 1963, the staff continued to add to the file. Occasionally items were added during the White House period. The LBJA consists of four parts: a Congressional File, a Famous Names File, a Selected Names File, and a Subject File. Consult the finding aid for a complete folder title list.

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“B [1 of 2]” [includes Abubakar Balewa, 1961] 1 “Williams, G. Mennen, Michigan, 1955-1961” 9 “Foreign Relations – Africa” 68 “Foreign Visitors--A” [Ahmadou Ahidjo, Cameroon; S. Olympio, Togo, 1962] 90 “Foreign Visitors – B” [Abubakar Balewa, Nigeria, 1961; Bourguiba, Tunisia, 1961] 91 Box # “Foreign Visitors – C” [William O. Cooper, U.S. Operations Mission to Sudan, 1962] 92 “Foreign Visitors – E” [Ethiopian Parliamentary Delegation 1963] 93 “Foreign Visitors – H” [Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 1962; Hassan II, Morocco, 1963] 93 “Foreign Visitors – K” [Isaac Kalonji, Republic of the Congo, 1963] 93 “Foreign Visitors – L” [Hasan al-Rida al-Sanusi, Libya, 1962] 93 “Foreign Visitors – N” [Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana 1958] 93 “Foreign Visitors – O” [Sylvanus Olympio, Togo, 1962] 93 “Foreign Visitors – S” [Haile Selassie, Ethiopia, 1963; L. Senghor, Senegal, 1961] 94 “Foreign Visitors – T” [Tubman, Liberia, 1961; George Tolbert, Liberia, 1961] 94 “Foreign Visitors – XYZ” [Fulbert Youlou, the Congo, 1961] 94

PERSONAL PAPERS This collection of papers from individuals or organizations came to the Library separate from President Johnson's papers. Ball, George. The Papers of George Ball consist of notes of his telephone conversations while Under Secretary of State, 1963-1966.

"Africa (General)" [6/17/64-8/9/66] 1 “Algeria” [6/18/65-1/25/66] 1 “Burundi” [2/1/65] 1 “Congo II” [6/1/64 – 11/6/64] 2 “Congo III” [11/7/64 – 3/17/66] 2 “Ethiopia” [12/19/64] 3 “Ghana/Volta Project” [7/31/64-4/21/66] 4 “Kenya” [1/26/64] 4 “Libya” [6/17/64-1/28/65] 5 “Nigeria” [1/20/65] 5 “OAU (Organization for African Unity)” [9/23/64] 5 “S. Rhodesia” [10/2/65-5/10/66] 6 “S. Africa” [2/5/64-7/12/66] 6 “Tanzania” [9/2/64-6/15/65] 6 “Tunisia (Bizerte)” [3/17/65-5/25/66] 6 “UN” [12/12/63-7/18/66] 6 “Zambia” [9/24/64-11/20/65] 6 “Zanzibar” [2/19/64] 6 Clifford, Clark M. The papers of Clark M. Clifford reflect Clifford’s responsibilities as Secretary of Defense from March 1968 to January 1969.

“Nigeria – Relief Program” 17 Fowler, Henry. The Papers of Henry Fowler consist of files documenting Fowler’s service as Under Secretary and Secretary of the Treasury, 1963-1969.

“International Countries: Africa” 37 “International Countries: Rhodesia” 40 “African Development Bank” 54

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“International Countries – Classified Material: Africa” 66 “International Countries – Classified Material: Rhodesia” 72 “International Countries – Classified Material: South Africa” 72 “International Countries – Classified Material: Tunisia” 72 Hoyt, Michael P.E. Acting Consul and principal officer in the U.S. Consulate at Stanleyville in 1964. Michael Hoyt led the staff of the consulate through nearly four months of captivity as hostages of rebel forces. This collection reflects their experiences. 1 box.

Jones, John Wesley. Ambassador to Libya (1958-1962) and Peru (1963-1969). Box # “Clippings from Libya [1955-1961]” 8 “Speeches, 1958, 1960, 1961” 9 “Accounts -- Libya, 1959-1962” 18 Komer, Robert W. Komer was appointed a NSC staff assistant to McGeorge Bundy in 1961. In 1965 he was named Deputy Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and the following year he was made Special Assistant to the President. In 1967, he left Washington to become Gen. Westmoreland’s Deputy for Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support. This 13-box collection includes both a chronological file and a subject file. The material dates from the 1950s through 1967, covering Komer’s work during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, as well as his government work before joining the NSC staff. Material on Africa is found throughout; see the finding aid for a folder title list. Mann, Thomas C. The Papers of Thomas Mann consist of a set of transcripts of his telephone conversations with President Johnson between Jan. 14, 1964 and June 2, 1966. During this period Mann served first as Assistant Secretary of State for Interamerican Affairs; in 1965 he was appointed Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs. While most of the conversations deal with Latin America, there is a small amount of material on Africa, particularly Zambia, Rhodesia, and South Africa. 1 box.

Marks, Leonard H. The Papers of Leonard Marks document his activities as Director of the United States Information Agency, 1964-1968.

“USIS-NIAMEY” 18 “Africa” 18 “Report: VOA Operations in Africa” 28 “Medium Wave Frequencies in Africa” 31 “VOA Operations in Africa” 31 Martin, William McChesney. The Papers of William McChesney Martin mainly document his activities as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1951-1970.

“Africa, August 5-24, 1967, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda” 2 “Ethiopia” 217 Morgan, George A. Ambassador to Ivory Coast. Morgan’s papers include material concerning U.S. relations with the Ivory Coast, trade relations, the Export-Import Bank, Biafra, Nigeria, Ghana, the Congo, and Vietnam, 1965-1969. Consult the finding aid for a complete folder title list. 1 box.

Pearson, Drew. Columnist. Material on many prominent Americans; research files and drafts for his columns; copies of columns and scripts for his TV programs; manuscripts and galleys of books; lectures and notes; personal correspondence, diaries, and files on his family and his farm, 1910-1969. Major portions of this collection are not yet open for research. Material on African countries is scattered throughout. Interested researchers should consult the folder title list.

Ryan, Robert. Ambassador to Niger, 1964 to 1968, and Deputy Secretary of State. Ambassador

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Ryan’s papers include material concerning U.S. Aid and Peace Corps programs in Niger and other African nations, U.S. relations with Niger, and conditions in Niger in general, 1964-1968. Consult the finding aid for a complete folder title list. 2 boxes.

Skinner, Elliott P. Ambassador to Upper Volta. His papers include personal and official Correspondence and speeches, 1966-1969. 1 box. Box # Smith, Bromley K. Smith served as the Executive Secretary of the NSC from 1961 to 1969. In this capacity he kept track of the NSC daily business and was the executive manager. Material on Africa can be found throughout this 47-box collection; consult the finding aid for a complete folder title list. See also the following folders:

“Africa” 25 “539th NSC MTG – 8/11/64 – Congo” 30 “541st NSC MTG – 8/25/64 – Congo; Cyprus; South Vietnam” 30 “561st NSC MTG – 7/14/66 – Southwest Africa” 31 “567th NSC MTG – 1/25/67 – US Policy Toward Southern Rhodesia” 31 “568th NSC MTG – 2/8/67 Bombing of North Vietnam; Policy Toward North Africa” 31 “572nd NSC MTG – 7/13/67 – Africa Problems” 31 “NSC – S.W. Africa Task Force” 37 Solomon, Anthony M. Anthony Solomon was Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, 1965-69. Consult the finding aid for a folder title list. See also the following folder: “Oil – Zambia” 22 Williams, Franklin H. Ambassador to Ghana. These papers contain material from 1966-1968 on US-Ghana relations, Agency for International Development and Peace Corps programs, and the Vice President’s visit to Africa. Consult the finding aid for the complete folder title list. 2 boxes.

RECORDS OF THE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE Materials accumulated by officials, staff members, and special groups of the Democratic National Committee during the 1960, 1964, and 1968 Presidential campaigns. Series 1 “B-4147 – President Names Negro as Ambassador to Upper Volta” 89 “B-4150 – Johnson Denounces White Supremacy Rule in African States” 89 “Appointment of: Clinton E. Knox, Ambassador to Dahomey – 6/9/64” 92 “Statement by Rufus Clement, Malawi – 7/4/64” 92 “President Fetes African Chief of State” 93 “Johnson, Pres. Lyndon: Vietnam; Confers with Ghana’s Foreign Minister and says US

has no plans to bomb Hanoi, 8/6/65” 132

“Johnson, Pres: Foreign Policy: UAR; Message conveyed to Conference of Heads of State of African States, Cairo, 7/17/64”

143

“Johnson, Pres. Lyndon: Speech 1966 Third Anniv. Of Org. of African Unity 5/26/66” 156 “Johnson, Pres. Lyndon: Africa 1966; Speech to African Ambassadors May 26 at a

White House reception, marking 3rd Anniv. Of Organization of African Union” 166

“Johnson, Pres.: Foreign Policy 1963; African Policy” 166 “Johnson, Pres. L.B.: Foreign Policy; Congo Crisis – Nov. 1964” 166 “Johnson, Pres. Lyndon: Nigeria” 166 “Johnson, Pres. Lyndon: Rhodesia 1965” 166 “Johnson, Pres.: Foreign Policy: Africa, Zambia. The new nation formerly known as

North Rhodesia celebrates its Independence, 10/24/64” 166

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“Johnson, Pres.: Foreign Policy; Malagasy Republic” 166 “Johnson, Pres.: Relations with Zanzibar” 166 “Rusk, Dean, Secretary of State 1961; Algeria” 168 “Rusk, Dean, Secretary of State 1961; Congo Crisis” 168 Box # “Rusk, Dean, Secretary of State 1961; Tunisia – Dispute with France” 169 “Rusk, Dean, Secretary of State 1961; News Conference 12/8/61. States US support of

UN in Congo and hope for a stable, unified Congo” 169

“Rusk, Dean North Africa” 172 “Rusk, Dean Africa” 172 “Rusk, Sec. of State Dean Policy on Africa 1964” 172 “Johnson, Vice Pres. Lyndon. Trip to Senegal and NATO, April 1961” 191 “Johnson, Pres.: Press Conf. 2/1/64, discussions relating to Panama, Vietnam, East

Africa, Space, etc.” 195

“Johnson, Pres. Lyndon B. Press Conf. of 11/28/64. At the Texas ranch - he discussed the economy, steel industry, Vietnam war, nuclear force, Hoover, Congo Crisis”

195

“Ahidio, Ahmadou, President of Cameroon ’62-‘69” 205 “Attwood, William: Ambassador to Guinea – Named by Pres. Kennedy 1961” 208 “Bourguiba, Habib, Jr.: Ambassador of Tunisia, 1961” 212 “DeGaulle, Charles: Speech on Algeria, 2/5/61” 217 “M Boya, Tom Political and Labor Leader in Kenya” 225 “Rockefeller, Gov. Nelson – Foreign Policy – Congo” 244 “Rockefeller, Gov. N. – Foreign Policy – Africa” 245 “Humphrey, Vice Pres. H.H. – Trip to Africa, December 1967” 261 “Goldwater, Sen. Barry: Foreign Policy – Africa” 319 “Goldwater, Sen. Barry: Foreign Policy 1962 – Congo & Katanga Crisis…” 319 Series 2 “Hassan, King of Morocco” 135 “Kennedy, Ted – Trip to Africa 1962” 139 “Mobutu, Joseph, Col. Congolese Army Officer--journalist takes over temporary

control” 152

“NKRUMAH, KWAME Pres. of Ghana attacks US with book 10/65, Neocolonialism” 152 “Nkrumah, Kwame President of Ghana 1960-1962” 152 “Selassie, Haile – Emperor of Ethiopia First visit to US” 154 “Tsiranana, Philibert President of Malagasy” 155 “Tubman, William: President of Liberia” 155 “President Johnson fetes African Chief of State” 275 “Miller, William E. – Congo” 300

RECORDS FROM GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Central Intelligence Agency: Cartons 11-13 contain 68 reels of microfilms on the Middle East/Africa and western

Europe, 11/1/63-4/10/68, and 13 reels on the Middle East/Africa, 4/11/68-1/17/69. All are open. These are microfilm copies of unclassified Foreign Broadcast Information Service Daily Reports containing selections from foreign radio broadcasts and press reports. There are also 4 boxes of debriefing reports of personnel at Stanleyville, and other contents. See the Federal Records finding aid for more information.

United States Information Agency: The LBJ Library holds 19 linear feet and 331 reels of microfilm of records of the U.S.

Information Agency, 1965-1968. The hard copy records consist mostly of field publications from various countries. The microfilm records are arranged in the

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following series: name file; biographic files; subject files; wireless files; print files; and field publications. Material on Africa can be found in both the hard copy and the microfilm records. Consult the Federal Records finding aid for more information.

ORAL HISTORIES Transcripts of oral history interviews may be consulted at the Library or borrowed by mail by writing to the Supervisory Archivist, Lyndon B. Johnson Library, 2313 Red River Street, Austin, Texas 78705. Up to four oral history transcripts can be borrowed through the mail for two weeks at a time. Transcripts of some of the oral histories are available on the Library’s web site, www.lbjlib.utexas.edu, in the “Research” section. There is also a “Related Link” in the “Research” section to the Miller Center website, which contains the majority of the available oral history transcripts. Among the oral histories that deal with Africa are the following: Anderson, Eugenie M. [South Africa, Southwest Africa, Africa general] Battle, Lucius Durham [Congo] Bolton, Donnelly [Congo] Bruce, David K. E. [Rhodesia] Bryant, Ashbrook [Morocco] Busby, Horace [Interview 8: Senegal] Carpenter, Elizabeth [Interview 3: Senegal] Crockett, William J. [Interview 2: Senegal] Dale, William [South Africa] Engelhard, Jane [Interview 1: South Africa] Fox, Lawrence [Rhodesia, South Africa] Gammon, Samuel Rhea [Interview I: Ethiopia] Heath, William W. [Interview 2: Tanzania] Hurst, J. Willis [Interview IV: Senegal] Katzenbach, Nicholas deB. [Interview I: Africa general] Komer, Robert W. [Interviews I, II: Libya; Interview III: Congo] Mundt, Karl E. [Africa general] Palmer, Joseph [Africa general] Rusk, Dean [Interview IV] [Africa general] Solomon, Anthony M. [Rhodesia, South Africa] Wilkins, Roy [Senegal] Waller, Sir Keith [Rhodesia] Williams, G. Mennen [Africa general]

REMOTE ARCHIVES CAPTURE (RAC) PROJECT FILE

The RAC Project File contains photocopies of documents opened in whole or in part by the Remote Archives Capture declassification program from those collections that are not yet open for research. Under the RAC project, over 650,000 pages of documents at the LBJ Library were scanned and transmitted to Washington, D.C. for declassification review. Periodically, the reviewed material is returned to the Library and processed by our staff as part of our on-going declassification efforts. Material on Africa may be found in the RAC Project File. Consult the finding aid for the RAC Project File or an archivist for more information.

AUDIOVISUAL ARCHIVES

The audiovisual archives holds an extensive collection of still photographs, motion picture footage, audiotapes, and

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videotapes. Consult the audiovisual archivist for information.

LIST OF HEAD OF STATE VISITS WITH AFRICAN DIGNITARIES

Country Name/Title Dates Place CO 31 Basutoland (Kingdom of

Lesotho) P.M. Leabua Jonathan 9/17-30/67 DC

CO 332 Kingdom of Burundi King Mwambutsa IV 5/19/64 DC CO 42 Cameroon, Federal

Republic of President El Hadj Ahmadou Ahidjo 10/19-25/67 DC

CO 48 Chad, Republic of President Francois Tombalbaye 10/1-6/68 DC CO 73 Ethiopia Emperor Haile Selassie 11/25-26/63 DC CO 73 Ethiopia Emperor Haile Selassie 2/13-17/67 DC CO 93 Ghana President (General) Ankrah 10/10/67 DC CO 128 Ivory Coast, Republic

of President Felix Houphouet-Boigny 8/17-22/67 DC

CO 128 Ivory Coast, Republic of

President Felix Houphouet-Boigny 8/26-29/67 DC

CO 163 Liberia President William V.S. Tubman 3/23-4/3/68 DC CO 182 Malagasy President Philibert Tsiranana 7/26-8/5/64 DC CO 334 Malawi Prime Minister Banda 11/30-12/5/64 DC CO 334 Malawi Prime Minister Banda 6/2-11/67 DC CO 189 Mauritius Prime Minister Ramgoolam 5/9/68 DC CO 192 Morocco King Hassan II 2/8-17/67 DC CO 205 Niger, Republic of President Hamani Diori 9/25-10/5/67 DC CO 252 Rwanda President Gregoire Kayibanda 8/13-14/67 DC CO 263 Senegal President Leopold S. Senghor 9/28-10/6/66 DC CO 267 Somalia Republic

(Somali) Prime Minister Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal

3/14-17/68 DC

CO 276 Swaziland Ambassador and Prime Minister Dlamini

9/18/68 DC

CO 295 Tunisia President Habib Bourguiba 5/12-21/68 DC CO 306 Upper Volta, Republic

of President Maurice Yameogo 3/28-4/7/65 DC

CO 328 Zambia President Kenneth B. Kaunda 11/29-12/6/64 DC