guideline for implementing green house gas emission...

REFERENCE BOOK

GUIDELINE FOR IMPLEMENTING

GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION

ACTION PLAN

MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING/NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY

YEAR 2011

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction

Action Plan

Translated English Version


YEAR 2011

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction

Action Plan

Translated English Version


YEAR 2011

REFERENCE BOOK

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Planii

TEAM OF AUTHORS

AdvisorProf. Armida S. AlisjahbanaMinister of National Development Planning/ Head of Bappenas

EditorEndah MurniningtyasDeputy for Natural Resources and Environment, Bappenas

CoordinatorWahyuningsih DarajatiDirector for Environment, Bappenas

WritersSyamsidar Thamrin, Heiner von Luepke, Herman Haeruman, Saut M. Lubis, Arimbi Jinca, Ko Sakamoto, Anandita Laksmi Susanto, Mariati Abdul Kadir, Yuliana C. Wulan, Philippe Guizol, Novita Sari, Dea Rafika, Philipp Munzinger, Anja Rosenberg, Saut Sagala, Lutfi Lesilolo

Technical Support TeamIndra Ni Tua, Citara Nayla Iqbal, Amin Budiarjo, Jakfar Hary Putra, Riga Anggarendra

Administration TeamHarliana, Lestira Wattimena

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to extend our gratitude to all staff at the Deputy Office for Natural Resources and Environment of Ministry of PPN/Bappenas for technical facilitation support in the guideline development.

The development of the General Guideline for Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan is supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbaeit (GIZ) through Proyek Study and Expert Fund for RAN-GRK and ICCTF Support in cooperation with Agence Francaise Developpement (AFD). Such support is deeply appreciated.

The document development process is made possible through closely-fostered partnership support from various institutions along with high dedication performed by the following stakeholders:1. 1. Ministry of Environment2. Ministry of Forestry3. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources4. Ministry of Industry5. Ministry of Transportation6. Ministry of Agriculture7. Ministry of Public Works8. Ministry of Finance 9. UKP410. DKI Jakarta Province11. West Java Province12. Central Java Province13. East Kalimantan Province14. South Sumatera Province15. North Sulawesi Province16. ICRAF17. FORDA18. JICA19. ICCTF

High appreciation is also extended to all parties and participants of a Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan Implementation Guideline Workshop in Jakarta, which have significantly offered inputs to the improvement of the guideline.

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Planiv

List of Abbreviations

ACERS : Abatement Cost of the Emissions Reduction ScenarioAPBD : Local Budget APBN : State BudgetBAU : Business As UsualBappenas : National Development Planning AgencyBLU : Public Service AgencyCSC : Cost of Saved Carbon DAS : Watershed EPR : Extended Producer ResponsibilityERS : Emission Reduction Scenario GHG : Greenhouse GasGRK : Gas Rumah Kaca (Green House Gas/ GHG)ICCSR : Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral RoadmapIPCC : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeKAK : Term of Reference KPH : Forest Management Unit KPS : Government and Private Sector CooperationLULUCF : Land Use, Land Use Change and ForestryMDGs : Millennium Development GoalsMRV : Measurement, Reporting, VerificationNAMAs : Nationally Appropriate Mitigation ActionsNPV : Net Present Value NSPK : Norms, Standards, Procedures, and Criteria OPD : Local Government Organization PDB : Gross Domestic ProductPP : Government Regulation RAN-GRK : National Action Plan for Green House Gas Emission Reduction RAD-GRK : Local Action Plan for Green House Gas Emission Reduction REDD+ : Reducing Emissions from Deforestations and Forest

Degradation Renstra K/L : Ministry/Agency’s Strategic Plan Renja K/L : Ministry/ Agency’s Work Plan RKP : Development Work PlanRKPD : Local Development Work PlanRKTN : National Level Forestry PlanRPJP Nasional : National Long-Term Development PlanRPJP Daerah : Local Long-Term Development PlanRPJMD : Local Mid-Term Development PlanRPJMN : National Mid-Term Development PlanRenja SKPD : District Government Work Unit Work PlanRenstra SKPD : Strategic Plan of District Government Work UnitSFM : Sustainable Forestry ManagementTPA : Landfill UU : LawUNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TEAM OF AUTHORS iiACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iiiLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ivTABLE OF CONTENTS vLIST OF FIGURES ixLIST OF TABLES x

1. PREFACE 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Guideline Goal 2

2. NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION 4 2.1 Policy Framework 4 2.2 Scope 7 2.3 RAN-GRK in Development Planning System 9 2.4 Problems and Challenges 11 2.5 RAN-GRK Review Process 12

3. RAN-GRK DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS NATIONALLY APPROPRIATE MITIGATION ACTIONS (NAMAs) 16 3.1 NAMAs – Conceptual Measures 17 3.1.1 BAU Baseline Scenario 17 3.1.2 Defining Mitigation Actions 20 3.1.3 Proposed Implementability Level and Mitigation Action Selection Process 21 3.1.4 Developing Emission Reduction Plan 23 3.1.5 Establishing Unilateral NAMAs and Supported NAMAs 23

4. NATIONAL GHG EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY 27 4.1 General Policy Direction (Cross-cutting) 27 4.2 Policy Direction and Action Plan by Sector 30 4.2.1 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Land-based Sectors (Forestry, Peat Land, Agriculture, and Other Sectors) 30 4.2.1.1 Current Situation and Future Land Resource Management 30 4.2.1.2 Definition and Scope of NAMAs for The Land-based Sectors 32 4.2.1.3 Concept and Methodology for BAU Baseline Formation 34 4.2.1.4 Potential Mitigation Scenario 36 4.2.1.5 MRV Key Indicators 36

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Planvi

4.2.1.6 Prioritizing Mitigation Actions 37 4.2.1.7 Estimated Cost to Reduce Emission from the Land-based Sectors 38 4.2.1.8 Optional Policies for the Land-based Sectors 39 4.2.1.9 The Next Steps 39 4.2.2 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Energy Sector 40 4.2.2.1 Current Situation and Future Vision 40 4.2.2.2 Suggestions for Integrated Modeling of CO2 Mitigation Evaluation on The Energy Sector 42 4.2.2.3 MRV Key Indicators 44 4.2.2.4 Policies, Actions and Instruments for the Energy Sector 45 4.2.3 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Power Sector 45 4.2.3.1 Current Situation and Future View 45 4.2.3.2 Baseline Development Concept 47 4.2.3.3 Potential Mitigation Action Scenarios 48 4.2.3.4 Integrated Modelling for GHG Mitigation Evaluation 50 4.2.3.5 MRV Key Indicators 50 4.2.3.6 Policies, Benchmark and Tools 51 4.2.4 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Transport Sector 52 4.2.4.1 Current Situation and Future View on Indonesia’s Transport Sector 52 4.2.4.2 Proposed Mitigation Action Potential in the Transport Sector 53 4.2.4.3 Baseline Concept Development and Emission Reduction 56 4.2.4.4 MRV Key Indicators 58 4.2.4.5 Recommendations for the Next Phases 59 4.2.5 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Industry Sector 59 4.2.5.1 Condition and Scope of the Industry Sector 59 4.2.5.2 Baseline Scenario Development 61 4.2.5.3 Development of Potential Mitigation Action Scenarios in the Industry Sector 63 4.2.5.4 Evaluation on Proposed Potential Mitigation Actions in the Industry Sector 64 4.2.5.5 MRV Key Indicators 65 4.2.5.6 Policies, Efforts and Instruments Related to the Industry Sector 65 4.2.6 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Waste Management Sector 66 4.2.6.1 Current Situation and Future View on Indonesia’s Waste Sector 66 4.2.6.2 BAU Baseline Development Concept and Methodology for the Waste Management Sector 69

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan vii

4.2.6.3 Proposed GHG Emission Reduction Potential Scenario 72 4.2.6.4 MRV Key Indicators for the Waste Sector 72 4.2.6.5 Policies, Mitigation Actions and Instruments for the Waste Sector 73

5. FUNDING 75 5.1 Funding Sources 75 5.1.1 Domestic Funding Sources 75 5.1.2 International Funding Sources 76 5.2 Funding Mechanism 77

6. MEASUREMENT, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION 79 6.1 Definition and Current Status 79 6.1.1 Measurement 80 6.1.2 Reporting 80 6.1.3 Verification 81 6.2 Institutional Tasks and Responsibilities 82

7. LOCAL ACTION PLAN FOR GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION (RAD-GRK) DEVELOPMENT 85 7.1 GHG Mitigation Role at the Local Level 86 7.2 Synergistic Relationship between RAN and RAD-GRK 87 7.3 Goal and Objective 87 7.4 Policies and Institutional Matters 88 7.4.1 Policy Framework and Normative Reference on Climate Change 88 7.4.2 National Policy on Green House Gas Emission Reduction 89 7.5 Institutional Role and Its Authority 90 7.6 Pre-Condition Institution: Activity Adjustment Among Governmental Levels 95 7.7 Local Mitigation Scope 96 7.7.1 Mitigation Scope Group by Sector 96 7.8 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction in the Forestry, Peat land, and Agriculture sectors 98 7.8.1 Baseline Development 98 7.8.2 Mitigation Scenario 98 7.8.3 Mitigation Action Proposals 99 7.8.4 Measurement, Reporting and Verification 99 7.9 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction in the Power Energy Sector 99 7.9.1 Baseline Development 100 7.9.2 Mitigation Action Proposal Development 100 7.9.3 Measurement, Reporting and Verification 101 7.10 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction in the Land Transport Sector 101 7.10.1 Baseline Development 101 7.10.2 Mitigation Scenario 102

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Planviii

7.10.3 Mitigation Action Proposals 102 7.10.4 Measurement, Reporting and Verification 103 7.11 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction in the Industry Sector 103 7.11.1 Baseline Development 103 7.11.2 Mitigation Action Proposal Development 104 7.11.3 Measurement, Reporting and Verification 104 7.12 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction In Domestic Solid Waste Sector 105 7.12.1 Baseline Development 105 7.12.2 Mitigation Action Proposal Development 105 7.12.3 Measurement, Reporting and Verification 105 7.13 Local Mitigation Action Proposals 106

8. CLOSING 108

ANNEX 1 109ANNEX 2 131

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan ix

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. NAMAs for Meeting National Emission Reduction Targets 5Figure 2. Position of RAN-GRK in Development Planning System 10Figure 3. RAN-GRK Implementation Time Frame 10Figure 4. NAMAs Measures 17Figure 5. Baseline Establishment 19Figure 6. Four Pillars in Establishing Mitigation Actions for Each Sector 22Figure 7. Scheme: Selection Process of Proposed Potential Mitigation Actions 22Figure 8. GHG Emission Reduction Plan 23Figure 9. Work Flow Needed for Establishing Developing Countries’

NAMAs 26Figure 10. Flow of Climate Change Policy Integration 29Figure 11. Cross-Cutting and By-Sector Climate Change Policy Integration 30Figure 12. Indonesian Emission and PDG by Sector 31Figure 13. Scope of Land-Based RAN-GRK Related to REDD+ 33Figure 14. Measures for Estimating Abatement Cost Related to Land-based Emission 38Figure 15. National Mixed Energy Increase by 2025 41Figure 16. Process needed to Develop Aggregated Baseline of the Energy Sector (Bottom-up Approach) 43Figure 17. CO2 Emission from Power System Connected to National

Network – RUPTL 2010-2019 47Figure 18. Integrated Modelling for CO2 Mitigation Evaluation 50Figure 19. CO2 Emission in the Transport Sector 52Figure 20. Vehicles’ Growth Trend (ADB, 2006) 53Figure 21. Example of Mitigation Actions in the Land Transport and Rail Sectors 54Figure 22. Process Integration for Aggregated Transport Baseline

Establishment 57Figure 23. GHG Emission in the Industry Sector – BAU and Energy

Efficiency Scenarios from 2005 – 2030 60Figure 24. Structure and Category of the Waste Sector 68Figure 25. NAMAs and MRV 82Figure 26. RAN-RAD-GRK in Sustainable Development Dimension 86Figure 27. Synergy Relationship between RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK 87Figure 28. Connection Framework between National-Local Document/ Policy and RAD-GRK (modification from ICCSR, 2010) 89Figure 29. Sectoral Mitigation Action Proposing Process 106

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Planx

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Indonesia’s Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions Presented to UNFCCC Secretariat on January 30, 2010 5Table 2. GHG Emission Reduction Targets by Bidang (Meeting Results at the Coordinating Minister for Economy, Finance and Industry (Ekuin) Office, December 29, 2009) 8Table 3. Matrix of Unilateral NAMAs (Indonesian Case: 26% from BAU in 2020) 24Table 4. Matrix of Supported NAMAs (Indonesian Case – Reduction Down to 41% in 2020) 25Table 5. Example of MRV Indicators for Land-based NAMAs 37Table 6. Measures Needed for Developing BAU Baseline for Each Power Plant Isolated from and Connected to National Power Network 48Table 7. Potential Mitigation Action Scenario 49Table 8. Potential Key Indicators 51Table 9. A-S-I (Avoid, Shift, Improve) Strategies 54Table 10. Proposed Key Indicators 58Table 11. Proposed Secondary Indicators 58Table 12. Measures Towards NAMAs in the Transport Sector 59Table 13. Examples of Industrial Technology Available for GHG Emission Mitigation 63Table 14. Baseline Development Process in the Waste Sector 71Table 15. MRV Key Indicators for the Waste Industry 73Table 16. Potential Financing Scheme for NAMAs (Source: Situmeang 2010) 78Table 17. Tasks and Responsibilities of Agencies Related to MRV Based on Perpres No. 61 83Table 18. Tasks and Responsibilities of Agencies Related to MRV Based on Perpres No. 71 84Table 19. Comparison of Division of Governmental Sectors-Affairs Related to Green House Gas Emission Reduction Actions 90Table 20. Connection between GHG Emission Reduction Sector on RAN and Governmental Affairs Division 91Table 21. Framework of Governmental Affairs Division 92Table 22. Connection between GHG Emission Reduction Sector on RAN-GRK and Governmental Affairs Clasification (PP No. 41/2007) 94Table 23. Matrix of Local Mitigation Scope 97

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan 1

1. PREFACE

1.1 Background

The National Action Plan for Green House Gas Reduction (RAN-GRK) is a follow up from the Indonesian commitment to dealing with climate change issues as delivered by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in his speech before state leaders at Pittsburgh G-20 Summit, USA, on September 25, 2009. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono stated that Indonesia is committed to reducing GHG emission by 26% in 2020 from the BAU level with its own efforts and reaching 41% reduction if it secures international support.

To follow up the GHG emission reduction commitment, the RAN-GRK was developed to provide a policy framework for the central government, local governments, prívate sectors, and other key stakeholders in implementing actions related directly and indirectly to GHG emission reduction efforts during the period of 2010-2020 according to the Long-Term Development Plan (RPJP 2005-2025) and the Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJM). The RAN-GRK was approved in a Presidential Regulation No. 61 Year 2011.

The RAN-GRK proposes mitigation actions in five priority sectors (Agriculture, Forestry and Peatland, Energy and Transport, Industry, Waste Management) as well as other supporting actions that are an integral part to the national development planning which supports the principles of economic growth, poverty alleviation and sustainable development.

The RAN-GRK implementation embraces a participatory approach system in which activity participation of the central government, local governments and related stakeholders are badly needed for developing Local Action Plan for Green House Gas Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) for the achievement of GHG emission reduction targets across Indonesia. Therefore, for the RAN-GRK implementation, it is necessary to develop a Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan.

In the initial section, the Guideline will explain key elements used for measuring the achievement of GHG emission reduction activities. The success of a mitigation action will be measured by identifying how much GHG emission reduction is achieved in comparison with the BAU condition and implementation. The GHG mitigation action framework of the RAN-GRK is meant to follow the basic conceptual steps of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs).

Guideline for Implementing Green House Gas Emission Reduction Action Plan2

1.2 Guideline Goal

The Guideline for Implementing GHG Emission Reduction is a general guideline for Ministries/ Agencies, Local Governments (provincial, district, and city levels) with the objective to facilitateRAN/RAD-GRK implementation. The division of tasks which will be carried out under the mandate of Perpres no. 61/2011 is as follows:1. Coordinating Minister for Economy is tasked with: coordinating the

implementation and monitoring of RAN-GRK that is conducted by Minister/ Agency Head according to their respective task and function (article 5 paragraph 2); receiving reports on results of RAN-GRK review submitted by Minister of National Development Planning/ Head of BAPPENAS (article 9 paragraph 3); receiving reports on RAN-GRK action implementation conducted by Minister/ Agency Head periodically at least once 1 (one) year or at any time if required (article 10 paragraph 1); and reporting integrated RAN-GRK implementation to the President at least once 1 (one) year or at any time if required (article 10 paragraph 2).

2. Minister of PPN/Head of Bappenas receivesRAD-GRK documents enacted by Governor Regulation within 12 (twelve) months at the latest since the enactment of Presidential Regulation No 61/2011 (article 6 paragraphs 3 and 4); facilitating RAD-GRK development (article 7); establishing RAD-GRK Development Guideline within 3 (three) months at the latest since the enactment of Presidential Regulation No 61/2001 (article 8); coordinating RAN-GRK review implementation conducted by Ministry/ Agency and reporting the review results to Coordinating Minister for Economy with a copy to Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare (article 9 paragraphs 2 and 3); receiving copied reports on RAN-GRK activity implementation conducted by Minister/ Agency Head (article 10 paragraph 1). To carry out the tasks, Minister of PPN/Head of Bappenas will form a National Working Group with membership from Ministries/Agencies at the central level, experts, Local Government’s representatives, as well as other stakeholders.

3. Minister of Home Affairs is tasked with facilitating RAD-GRK development with Minister of PPN/Head of Bappenas and Minister of Environment (article 7); receiving RAD-GRK documents enacted by Governor Regulation within 12 (twelve) months at the latest since the enactment of Presidential Regulation No 61/2011 (article 6 paragraphs 3 and 4). Then, together with Minister of PPN/ Head of Bappenas develops a Joint Circular as a call for Local Governments to implement RAD-GRK.

4. Minister of Environment is tasked with: facilitating RAD-GRK development together with Minister of PPN/Head of Bappenas and Minister of Home Affairs (article 7 of Perpres 61/2011); establishing GHG inventory


administration guideline, coordinating GHG inventory administration and tendency of emission change and GHG absorption including carbon storage at the national level; carrying out monitoring and evaluation on the process and result of GHG inventory (article 7 of Perpres No 71/2011); receiving reports on inventory activity results administered by related Ministers and/or Agency Heads and/ or Governors once a year (article 12 paragraphs 2 and article 13 paragraph 2 of Perpres 71/2011); submitting results of national GHG inventory administration to Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare; providing guidance in GHG inventory administration to provincial, district/ city governments and stakeholders together with Ministers and/or Agency Heads (article 17 paragraph 1).

5. Other Ministries/ Agencies according to their respective tupoksi (key tasks and functions) are tasked with: conducting the planning, implementation, as well as monitoring and evaluation of RAN-GRK (article 3 paragraph a and article 5 paragraph 1); conducting RAN-GRK reviews (paragraph 9 article 2); reporting results of RAN-GRK activity implementation reports to Coordinating Minister for Economy with copies to Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare, Minister of PPN/Head of Bappenas and Minister of Environment periodically at least once 1 (one) year or at any time if required (article 10 paragraph 1). If needed, Ministers/ Agency Heads can establish Technical Guidelines for each of respective sectors.

6. Provincial Governments must develop Local Action Plans for Green House Gas emission Reduction (RAD-GRK) which are based on the RAN-GRK and local development priorities (article 3 paragraph b and article 6 paragraph 2) . the RAD-GRK encompasses GHG mitigation action plans from the provincial, district and city levels in each region.

7. Governors are tasked with: in their capacity as RAD-GRK coordinators, enact the Governor Regulation on RAD-GRK and submit RAD-GRK documents to the Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of PPN/Head of Bappenas within 12 (twelve) months since the enactment of Perpres no 61/2011 (article 6 paragraphs 3 and 4).

For the GHG emission reduction implementation in the regions, it is necessary to develop RAD-GRK at the provincial level whose establishment becomes the responsibility of each region under coordination with Ministry of Home Affairs. RAD-GRK should be developed by involving related technical dinas and and shall be established by a Governor Regulation each according to local development priorities based on APBD and community capacities.


2. NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION

2.1 Policy Framework

Based on the scenario in the Second National Communication report (SNC, 2010), the GHG emission reduction target by 26% in 2020 is 0.767 Gton CO2e. The target will increase by 15% (0.477 Gton CO2e) to become 41% GHG emission reduction if there is international funding support. However, the GHG emission reduction target scale will be recalculated more accurately by using better methodologies, data and information.

RAN-GRK development is part of the Long-Term Development Plan (RPJP) and the Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJM) in the sustainable development policy framework to address climate change impacts, especially to reduce GHG emission. GHG emissions are defined as emission resulting from nature and various development activities especially in the forestry, peatland, waste, agriculture, transport, industrial and energy sectors.

Besides that, the action plan is developed based on measurable, reportable and variable principles (Measurable, Reportable, Verifiable)1, so that the results are nationally accountable and according to the principles to be applied by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for mitigation actions implemented by state parties.

Indonesia also delivered information on Indonesia’s Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) to the UNFCCC Secretariat via the Head of Indonesia’s National Climate Change Council (DNPI) on January 30, 2010. Seven key sectors were revealed to achieve GHG emission reduction by 26% in 2020 from the BAU scenario as baseline2 as mentioned in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Indonesia’s Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions Presented to UNFCCC Secretariat on January 30, 2010

1 Discussion on MRV is on Chapter 6 Guideline for Implementation of GHG Emission Reduction Action Plan.

2 Baseline is estimated emission level and GHG projection under scenario without policy intervention and mitigation technologies from sectors identified within an agreed period of time (years 2010-2020) (Chapter 3 Guideline for Implementation of GHG Emission Reduction Action Plan).


To reach the goal and targets it is necessary to develop several interventions and action plans which are adjusted to the climate change mitigation program policy that is implemented and supported by several Ministries/Agencies, as well as Local Governments.

Figure 1 shows the national targets.

Table 1. Indonesia’s

Nationally Appropriate

Mitigation Actions Presented

to UNFCCC Secretariat on

January 30, 2010.

Figure 1. NAMAs for

Meeting National Emission

Reduction Targets.

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions Emission Reduction

The reduction will be achieved among them by the following actions:1. Sustainable Peatland Management2. Reduction of Deforestation and Land Degradation Levels3. Carbon sequestration development 4. Promoting energy saving5. Alternative and renewable energy resource development 6. Solid and Liquid Waste Reduction7. Shift to low-emission transport modes

26% by 2020

T0 T1 Tn

-26%

-41%

2020 Year

GH

G

National Baseline Business as Usual (multi-sectors/combined)

Integrated national process in meeting the national emission reduction targets based on cost effectiveness and applicability level

Uniliteral NAMAs

supported domestically

Internationally supported

NAMAs

NAM

As C

redi

t

Past Trends and Current GHG Emission Situation

Future GHG Emission Plan

Based on the Copenhagen Accord and from the notes that were produced from a series of discussions on climate change in the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP)3 for UNFCCC in Copenhagen, Denmark, in December

3 COP is an international conference organized by UNFCCC every year to discuss climate change.


2009, it was agreed that global coherent mitigation actions are required to limit global warming by less than 2°C below pre-industrial level. To achieve that, it is necessary to realize GHG emission reduction by all parties, with a note that the implementation in developing countries must accord with social, economic development efforts and poverty alleviation.

Based on IPPC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) calculation, to reach the target, developing countries need to contribute to GHG emission reduction by 15 to 30% from BAU scenario. With this scheme, Indonesia’s growth plan will not be harmed and the GHG emission reduction target set by Indonesia suits IPPC-recommended range.

In the UNFCCC context, RAN-GRK is regarded as Indonesia’s voluntary efforts in GHG emission reduction since the Copenhagen Accord is not an agreement that binds the state parties. With its GHG emission reduction commitment, Indonesia hopes to demonstrate its leadership and become a driver for other countries, especially developed countries to reduce global GHG emission.

Indonesia’s Vision and Missions. On February 5, 2007, the Government of Indonesia issued Law No. 17 year 2007 on the 2005-2025National Long-Term Development Plan. The sixth mission mentioned in the document becomes the vision of the RAN-GRK, namely to: “Realize Harmonious and Sustainable Indonesia”. The mission emphasizes efforts to improve development implementation management that can maintain a balance between making use of natural resources and protecting functions as well as environmental supporting capacity through spatial planning harmonious with settlement, socio-economy, and conservation efforts; to improve the sustainable economic use of natural resources and environment; to improve natural resource and environmental management to support quality of life; to provide life beauty and comfort; as well as to improve maintenance and use of biodiversity as basic developmental assets.

To achieve the sustainable development vision, the Government of Indonesia has taken an agreement that “long-term sustainable development will face climate change and global warming challenges that impact human life and activities”.

The RAN-GRK was developed by integrated financing between Ministries/Agencies of central government and local governments, and is measurable and can be implemented during the period 2010-2020.


The objective of the RAN-GRK is to act: 1. As a GHG emission reduction implementation reference by priority sectors

at the national and local levels;2. As a reference to investment related to GHG emission reduction

coordinated at the national and local levels;3. As a reference to GHG emission reduction action plan and strategy

development by regions in Indonesia.

The legal basis used for the RAN-GRK development comprises:1. The Indonesian 1945 Constitution, Article 4 paragraph (1);2. Law No. 6 Year 1994 on UNFCCC Approval;3. Law No. 17 Year 2003 on State’s Finance; 4. Law No. 17 Year 2004 on Approval on Kyoto Protocol on United Nation

Framework Convention on Climate Change;5. Law No. 25 Year 2004 on National Development Planning System;6. Law No. 17 Year 2005 on 2005-2025 Long-Term Development Plan

(RPJP);7. Presidential Regulation No. 5 Year 2010 on 2010-2014 National Mid-Term

Development Plan (RPJMN);8. Presidential Regulation No. 61 Year 2011 on National Action Plan for

Green House Gas Emission Reduction

In the RAN-GRK implementation, the roles of institutions responsible for GHG emission reduction activities in each sector and responsible parties for GHG emission reduction supporting activities are arranged. Beside that, it is necessary to determine institutions responsible for coordinating various things in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the action plan.

2.2 Scope

According to article 2 of Presidential Regulation No. 61 Year 2011, RAN-GRK consists of key activities and supporting activities. RAN-GRK activities include sectors of Agriculture; Forestry and peatland; Energy and transport; Industry; Waste management; other supporting activities.

GHG emission reduction target for these 6 (six) sectors can be seen in Table 2. It is necessary to note that the target level for GHG emission reduction and GHG emission reduction activities may be reviewed in the event that better methodologies, data and information are available in the future.


Table 2. GHG Emission Reduction Targets by Bidang (meeting results at the Coordinating Minister for Economy, Finance and Industry (Ekuin) Office, December 29, 2009).

Sector Emission Reduction Action Plan Implementing (Giga tons Co2e) Ministry/Agency 26% 41%Forestry and 0.672 1.039 Forest and land fire control, network Ministry of Forestry, Peatland system management and water Ministry of Environ- management, Forestry and land ment, Ministry of rehabilitation, HTI (Industrial Plantation Public Works, Forest), HR (Community Forest). Ministry of Agricul- Illegal logging eradication, ture Deforestation prevention, Community empowermentAgriculture 0.008 0.011 Introduction of low-emission paddy Ministry of Agricul- varieties, irrigation water efficiency, ture, Ministry of organic fertilizer use Environment, Ministry of Public WorksEnergy and 0.038 0.056 Bio-fuel use, engines with higher fuel Ministry of Trans-Transport efficiency standard, improvement in portation, Ministry TDM (Transportation Demand of Energy and Management), quality of public Mineral Resources, transport and roads, demand side Ministry of Public management, energy efficiency, Works, Ministry of renewable energy development EnvironmentIndustry 0.001 0.005 Energy efficiency, use of renewable Ministry of Industry, energy, etc Ministry of Environ- mentWaste 0.048 0.078 Use of Final Landfill, waste Ministry of Public management by 3R and urban Works, Ministry of integrated waste water management Environment 0.767 1.189

The additional 15% with International support (Supported NAMAs) to the GHG emission reduction target bringing it up to 41% (from 26%) from BAU, is achieved by choosing additional program/ activities whose implementation does not utilize domestic funding sources such as APBN/APBD (including government’s debts) and is not for the reduction of GHG emission traded in the carbon market.

For GHG emission reduction of more than 41% from BAU, the implemented program/ activities may include a carbon trade mechanism scheme. (or credited NAMAs).

So, considering that international mechanisms for Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Enhancement of Carbon Stocks (REDD+) program/ activities are still in the process of negotiation, for the purposes of implementation it will be necessary to observe the program/ activities funding sources closely to determine the grouping into 3 categories: a GHG emission reduction scheme with its own fund (26%/Unilateral NAMAs), international support (41%/Supported NAMAs) or carbon market (or Credited NAMAs).


To illustrate this idea, if REDD+ program/activities for particular locations are funded by APBN/APBD (including government’s debts), they are included in the Indonesian commitment to reducing GHG emission by 26%, while similar REDD+ program / activities in different locations receiving international funding support are within the GHG emission reduction target scheme of 41%. If REDD+ program/ activities are not related to the Indonesian GHG emission reduction targets of 26% and 41%, they can be traded in the carbon market.

Focus on international negotiation related to climate change will mostly be based on the framework of increased mitigation actions, adaptation and other key elements.

Concerning global mitigation policies and related key instruments, the negotiation covers issues of the entire emission reduction target setting and time schedule, emission reduction distribution among parties, financial support and technology for mitigation actions, emission reduction instruments, emission trade systems and other market-based instruments.

Based on the Bali Action Plan (BAP), the latest international negotiations related to future climate management will consider NAMAs by parties for developing countries including the key elements such as:(i) Driving sustainable development;(ii) Supported and made possible by technologies, financing and capacity

building, and in measurable, reportable and verifiable manners.

2.3 RAN-GRK in Development Planning System

The Action Plan was developed based on the 2010-2014 Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMN 2010-2014) and the 2005-2025 Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN 2005-2025). The following Picture 2 shows the relationship between the RAN-GRK and the national and local development planning system.

The RAN-GRK development is based on sustainable development mainstreaming principle as mandated by 2005-2025 RPJPN and 2010-2014 RPJMN (Book 2 Chapter 1), in which developmental activities must consider three pillars of sustainable development principles namely those related to economic, social and environmental aspects.


Figure 2. Position of RAN-GRK in Development Planning System.

Figure 3. RAN-GRK Implementation Time Frame.

RPJN 2005-2025 RP JMN2010-2014

RP JMD

RKP

RKPD

APBN

APBD

RP JMN2010-2014

RENSTRASKPD

DEVELOPMENT PLAN

RPJP

RPJM RPJM 2 RPJM 3 RPJM 4

RAN - GRK

RP JMN2010-2014

RENJASKPD

RANPENURUNAN

EMISI

RADPENURUNAN

EMISI

UNFCCC

RPJPD

2010 2020

2005 2025

2004 2009 2014 2019 2025

The 2010-2020 RAN-GRK implementation is divided into three time frames, starting from the Second National Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) (years 2010-2014), continued by the Third RPJMN (years 2015-2019), and the Fourth RPJMN period (years 2020-2024).

Funding for 2010-2014 RAN-GRK implementation has been allocated in the 2010-2014 RPJMN. Subsequently, for the following years, RAN-GRK will provide policy direction for the government in GHG emission reduction with estimated cost/ budget (see picture 3).

Picture translation: RPJMN 2010-2014: 2010-2014 National Medium-Term Development Plan; RPJPN 2005-2025: 2005-2025 National Long-Term Development Plan; RKP: Government Work Plan; APBN: State Budget; RAN PENURUNAN EMISI: National Action Plan for Emission Reduction; RAD PENURUNAN EMISI: Local Action Plan for Emission Reduction; RPJPD: Local Local Long-Term Work Plan; RPJMD: Local Medium-Term Work Plan; RKPD: Local Government Work Plan; APBD: Local Budget; RENSTRA SKPD: Strategic Plan of Local Apparatus Working Unit; RENJA SKPD: Work Plan of Local Apparatus Working Unit


2.4 Problems and Challenges

Indonesia is the world’s biggest archipelagic country with more than 17,000 large and small islands and a long coastline. This has been the national asset. However, on the other hand it the country becomes a victim of the impacts of climate change.

Furthermore, Indonesia is extremely prone to various natural disasters due to its geographical position and geological condition. Moreover, most of the people’s livelihoods still depend on natural resources management, especially in the agriculture sector, which turns out to increase the level of risk of climate change impact threats.

With the above mentioned conditions, it is reasonable that Indonesia, as one of the prone countries, takes the front line in the global efforts to address climate change impacts. Besides this, there is huge potential insofar as conducting climate change mitigation actions should become a driving force for Indonesia to optimize its strategic position in various international forums, such as fostering bilateral or multilateral cooperations to face climate change impacts.

Efforts to deal with climate change impacts constitute an integral part of the national development, so that all planning must be in line with the national economic development planning. Thus, climate change adaptation and mitigation action planning are integrated into the national and local development planning (provincial, district/city and local).

Indonesia also has huge potential for reducing GHG emission significantly and cumulatively by 2020. Therefore, it is necessary to take into consideration sectors and programs that become priorities, the various costs (abatement cost) for each sector’s actions, and also to have tools to evaluateeconomic impacts against GHG emission reduction achievements; it is necessary to take into consideration that target for GHG emission reduction may increase if the scenario used is different; and it is necessary to develop GHG emission inventory and monitoring systems from all sectors.

The Forest and peat land sectors are estimated to have the biggest potential to reduce GHG emission with the lowest cost. However, several activities need to be carried out in order not to be trapped into BAU scenario and to obtain maximum results.

To achieve GHG emission reduction significantly, increased human resources capacity and institutional capacity in every sector and region become very


instrumental. Beside that, cross-cutting issues need profound review so that mitigation actions may be effective and economical. Good understanding on cross-cutting cost reduction is important, but it is also necessary to observe challenges in the policy implementation of each sector thoroughly. Thus, an appropriate suite of policies will be achieved.

RAN-GRK was developed based on the program and activities of Ministries/Agencies in 2010-2014 RPJMN and 2005-2025 RPJPN which would then be discussed by inter-Ministries/Agencies. All of the action plans are intended for reducing the national GHG emission by 26% in 2020 from the BAU scenario.

Climate change mitigation actions that become a priority are activities that use their own funding (Unilateral NAMAs), both from APBN or APBD (including loans), the private sector and the public, and must follow general criteria as follows: 1. The activities must be in line with sustainable development principles.2. Being effective in fund use by applying lowest cost principle in reducing

GHG emission in an integrated manner.3. Being practical in the implementation by considering political, social and

cultural aspects. 4. Being in line with the national and local development priorities in which the

activities are carried out.5. Based on mutually beneficial principle by prioritizing development program/

activities that contribute to GHG emission reduction (Co-Benefit).

To ensure engagement with and ownership of RAN-GRK, action plan development is conducted by involving each Ministry/ governmental agency. Therefore, mitigation actions that become a priority within RAN-GRK will reflect the vision and priorities of each Ministry/ state agency. The next step is for Bappenas to conduct process analysis and policy development for integration into the national development planning.

2.5 AN-GRK Review Process

To establish GHG emission reduction action, it is necessary to have a comprehensive basis for analysis, simultaneously considering on-going dynamic developments taking place both at the national and global level. In addition, scientific and technological developments enable various new breakthroughs that can provide alternative methodologies to approach and solutions for GHG emission reduction calculation in Indonesia.


The national GHG emission level calculation based on BAU condition needs to be done accurately. For several sectors, re-evaluation needs to be done.

Therefore, it is necessary periodically to conduct RAN-GRK monitoring and review based on these considerations. RAN-GRK document renewal is also made possible based on the international negotiation results in the UN Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

The goal of a RAN-GRK review is to: • Secure international recognition (from UNFCCC) that Indonesia has met its

promise to reduce GHG emission.• Accommodate the latest information, developmental progress and

negotiation results at the international level.• Meet requirements to access international funds such as Green Climate

Fund .

Furthermore, after the issuance of Prepres No. 61 Year 2011 on RAN-GRK, a review needs to be done to follow up various issues, namely: • To date, there has been no baseline on the Business As Usual (BAU )

condition in Indonesia, while baseline establishment is vital in identifying how much GHG emission is successfully reduced through the mitigation actions that are executed. Moreover, to calculate the baseline, it is necessary to set GHG emission reduction targets correctly for related sectors.

• Baseline calculation must consider development plans from sectors related to GHG emission reduction and must be translated until 2020.

• Detailed calculation as a basis for supporting information to set GHG emission reduction targets for each sector within RAN-GRK is not available yet. However, the best way to calculate GHG emission allocation for each sector (target) is by firstly establishing a baseline; secondly, developing mitigation action scenarios (for example, to improve energy efficiency program, improve production process, or shift in use of industrial raw materials); lastly, calculating GHG emission reduction potential within the mitigation actions implementing period. In other words, if baseline setting is made the calculation basis for the impacts of GHG emission reduction actions, reasonable target figures for each sector may be obtained.

• Many mitigation actions for reducing emission by 26% which are contained in the annex of Perpres No. 61 Year 2011 need to be reviewed as to whether such activities can potentially reduce GHG emission. For example, the forestry sector includes tree-growing as GHG emission mitigation action, however there is no explanation as to how much emission will be reduced or carbon will be absorbed through the effort. Furthermore, basic data for peat land must be completed in order to be able to identify how much potential it has and the best mitigation action design.


• The policy direction set in RAN-GRK needs developing further into practical issues.

• There is no establishment of mitigation actions to reach GHG emission reduction target range from 26% to 41%.

• There is no monitoring system for RAN-GRK implementation, while to be able to be internationally recognized, Indonesia needs to submit a report that follows the MRV standard (Measureable, Reportable, and Verifiable)4. For GHG emission reduction mitigation actions by 26%, the national MRV system is considered being already adequate, but the result still need consultation and analyzing according to the international standard. Meanwhile, for GHG emission reduction target ranging from 26 to 41%, Indonesia must possess an MRV system according to the international standard (UNFCCC). If designed, implemented and monitored properly, RAN-GRK will be recognized by UNFCCC as Indonesia’s official mitigation target that was presented on January 30, 2010.

The Ministry of National Development Planning/ Bappenas will conduct periodic coordination in the integrated RAN-GRK evaluation and review adjust it to the national needs and latest global developments. After that, the Minister of PPN/Bappenas will submit a recommendation for a RAN-GRK review to the Coordinating Minister for Economy who will determine changes on the Matrix of RAN-GRK Activities as mentioned in Annex of Perpres No. 61 Year 2011 on RAN-GRK.

The Sixteenth Conference Of Parties (COP) held in December 2010 in Cancun, produced definitions related to categorization of NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions), namely: • Unilateral NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions Supported by

Domestic Financial Sources): Mitigation actions carried out by a developing country independently to

reach a particular GHG emission reduction level without any international support (other countries) based on UNFCCC framework UNFCCC. The financing of this type of NAMAs comes from domestic financial sources and focuses on cost saving and implementation of mitigation measures with low cost for per ton of carbon, especially for actions that specifically target ‘no regret’ option or have negative cost.

Indonesia already announced Unilateral NAMAs in 2009 by targeting national GHG emission reduction by 26% from BAU scenario in 2020.

• Supported NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions that receives international support):

4 Explanation on MRV is in Chapter 6 of Guideline for Implementing GHG Emission Reduction Action Plan


A developing country’s mitigation actions with direct support from developed countries as mitigation actions supported internationally based on UNFCCC framework.

Supported NAMAs consist of mitigation action options that require medium to high cost. However, results of the emission reduction action cannot be traded in carbon market with other countries to meet their commitment. In Indonesia, the action refers to national GHG emission reduction target range by 26% to 41% from Business As Usual (BAU) scenario.

• Credited NAMAs (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions that Produce Carbon Credit):

A developing country’s mitigation actions that produce carbon credit for trading in carbon market which will be used as compensation (offset) for GHG emission reduction in developed countries.

Several examples of Credited NAMAs are, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), voluntary carbon market project, bilateral offset mechanism (BOM) or other activities that produce carbon credit.

In general, NAMAs that produce carbon credit are expected to be concentrated on mitigation actions that require the highest cost. All project-based activities that produce carbon offset credit cannot be used as GHG emission reduction by the Government of Indonesia.

Based on the negotiation results in Caucun’s COP 16 in Mexico, it is stipulated in paragraph 53 to develop a Registry that records NAMAs which seek international support and facilitate between developing countries and developed countries in getting proper financial support, technologies, and capacity building for mitigation actions to be done.

UNFCCC Secretariat will record and renew information on NAMAs to seek available international support from developed countries and support made available for NAMAs.


3. RAN-GRK DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS NATIONALLY APPROPRIATE MITIGATION ACTIONS (NAMAs)

NAMAs is a term referring to a series of policies and actions taken by a country as part of its commitment to reducing GHG emission, in which each country can take different actions at the national level based on justice and according to the common but differentiated responsibilities as well as according to their respective capacities.

Furthermore, NAMAs also emphasize financial support from developed countries to developing countries to reduce GHH emission. Development of NAMAs becomes very instrumental for the RAN-GRK implementation, namely: - NAMAs are intended to be documents that provid important tools,

methodologies and approaches in order that RAN-GRK can work; - NAMAs are expected to be able to help Indonesia to secure and use

international fund sources, for instance Green Climate Fund (GCF) and others;

- NAMAs enable Indonesia to get recognition from UNFCCC for mitigation initiatives as outlined in RAN-GRK.

In the Cancun international conference on climate change in Mexico, in December 2010, developed and developing countries set up strong reporting requirements. At present, state parties are conducting further developments.

It should be noted that elements such as reliable measurement, measurement, reporting and verifying system (Measurable, Reportable, and Verifiable/MRV) are the key elements of an effective international GHG mitigation framework.

For the establishment of NAMAs, the sectors mentioned in Perpres No. 61 Year 2011 on RAN-GRK are grouped according to international classification (UNFCCC). The sectors for NAMAs establishment are:1. The land-based sectors (Forestry and Peatland, Agriculture)2. The Energy sector

a. Power Sector b. Transport Sectorc. Industry Sector (beside energy, on the sector emission made from the

industry sector is discussed)3. The Waste Management sector


3.1 NAMAs – Conceptual Measures

The establishment of a clear framework for NAMAs is a key to consistency in describing performance across several ministries, related sectors and sub-sectors. Additionally, it is helps to avoid differences occurring in the various agencies/institutions. Therefore, government and related stakeholders should understand the NAMA framework clearly.

Therefore, the government will evaluate and identify how the designed framework, policies and measures of NAMAs can reach national emission reduction targets, as well as impacts and risks related to the country’s environment, economy, political structure and population. Not only that, the analysis will include long-term emission plan analysis supported by reliable data. Policy makers should also evaluate related governmental structure at the national, local and sectoral levels.

Proposed nationally-integrated process for NAMAs establishment consists of several steps, as described in Picture 4.

Figure 4. NAMAs Measures. Establishment of Aggregated Business as Usual Baseline of Each Sectors

Establishment of Potential Mitigation Actions of Each Sectors

Establishment of Aggregated Business as Usual Baseline and Aggregated Mitigation Actions

Establishment of NAMAs and National Long-Term CO2 Emission Reduction Paths

Calculate Carbon Budget for Each Sectors

Propose Required Policies, Measures and Instruments

3.1.1 BAU Baseline5 Scenario

Understanding of the baseline scenario is very important in developing NAMAs. The Baseline scenario is a reference line for measureable indicators

5 Baseline in Bahasa Indonesia is called ‘garis dasar’


with which alternative outcomes, such as emission reduction (difference between baseline and actual performance) through mitigation actions can be evaluated. The Baseline scenario related to climate change is an estimated emission level and GHG projection in a scenario without policy intervention and mitigation technologies from the sectors identified in an agreed period of time (years 2010-2020).

Generally, baseline is understood as: 1. A non-intervention scenario; 2. A scenario that considers possible evolution of activities and developments

in the future. This may include: a. Macro-economic trend and demography b. Economic structural changec. Projected activities and key green house gas (GHG) emission sink, as

well asd. Technological evolution that enables the use of efficient technologies

that impact GHG emission;3. Establishment of the baseline scenario requires a long-term simulation

by the inclusion of considerations related to the uncertainties within the system evolution and related challenges;

4. Baseline is not a simple estimation from the latest trends. To establish the BAU baseline scenario, it is necessary to have an estimation on planned long-term GHG emissions with start-year start-yearof calculation and end-yearend-year. For RAN-GRK goal and national target, year 2010 is used as the start-start-year and year 2020 as endyear.

However, establishing the baseline by-sector is likely to be slightly different. For example, for REDD+, a historical baseline is developed to complete BAU baseline scenario. The historical baseline used is from 2000 through 2020. This is possible as long as it uses the same year start and year end for the establishment of baseline as the basis for national calculation of NAMAs, namely year 2010 through 2020.

During the establishment of the national BAU baseline scenario, it is better to consider the specific structural nature of each sector. This is because every sector may consist of sub-sector, sub-national or multi-layer levels according to the national situation.

The national BAU baseline is obtained through aggregation of each related sector by totaling annual absolute GHG values within the same period of time. The calculation will be used as a national reference for measuring whether national emission reduction targets are achieved completely.


Moreover, the national BAU baseline is inherently multi-sectoral and needs to be stablished through an integrated national process and bottom-up approach.

Figure 5 demonstrates a process for establishing national BAU and multi-sector scenario.

National Business as Usual Baseline / Aggregated BAU

Baseline

Required Integrated Processes to Establish National BAU Baselline /

Aggregated BAU Baseline(Bottom-up Approach)

Energy Sector

By m

odel

s an

d su

b-na

tiona

l lev

els

Sub-

natio

nal l

evel

s

Indu

stry

Sub

-sec

tors

Cement

Pulp & Paper

Iron & Steel

Textile

Inte

rcon

nect

ed a

nd

isol

ated

pow

er s

yste

ms

Land BasedSector

TransportSector

Other Activity

IndustrySector REDD+Power

Sector

OtherTargeted Sector

1st Layer

2nd Layer

3rd Layer

Figure 5. Baseline

Establishment.

Measures in national BAU baseline establishment is by determining three layers for obtaining national aggregated BAU baseline scenario: 1. Develop aggregated BAU baseline scenario of each sub sector, for

example REDD+, industry. Further explanation for the development can be seen in Chapter 4.

2. Develop aggregated BAU baselines for each sector, for example the power, industry, land-based sectors. For this layer, it is better to use a bottom-up approach than a top-down one. This is because every sector can consist of several sub-sectors (for example, the industry sector), or many sub-national levels (for example, REDD+), or many interconnecting systems and isolated power systems such as in the power sector. Further explanation for the development can also be seen in Chapter 4.

3. Develop a BAU baseline that aggregates all targeted sectors.

In the BAU baseline information development, Bappenas acts as the coordinator for developing the national BAU baseline. Every related Ministry/Agency is responsible for developing the by-sector BAU baseline,


and provincial governments in coordination with district/city governments are responsible for the local BAU baseline development according to their respective local authority.

Then a scenario must be developed for each layer by considering the following key factors:1. Current and future policies without any intervention and climate change

policy action; 2. Market trends and the like; 3. Related uncertainty;4. Evolution from supply and demand, 5. Cost saving; and6. Expected system performance

The GHG emission target figure can then be calculated based on the, scenario and parameters that are applied as long as the period can use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ) methodology for GHG inventory calculation, for example, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories.

The target emission reduction volume will be different, depending on which BAU baseline is used. The level of uncertainty will depend on the various sectors and factors such as trends in technologies/ process/ fuel, growing demand, etc.

3.1.2 Defining Mitigation Actions

After developing the national BAU baseline scenario, aggregated national mitigation actions for each sector can be obtained. Not only that, national and sector carbon budget can also be calculated by assuming the national GHG reduction targets are achieved.

Therefore, it is immediately necessary to plan potential mitigation actions for each sector and prepare long-term CO2 emission reduction scenarios for each of the actions. The mitigation actions registered in Perpres on RAN-GRK No. 61 Year 2011 can be reviewed to see whether such actions can reduce GHG emission, and its cost analysis and implementation plan can be carried out.

This includes the annual long-term CO2 emission reduction plan which is developed according to the set rankings (see selection process below),


by following the start-year and end-year similar to those in BAU baseline scenario development.

To develop the RAD-GRK, definition of mitigation actions can be seen more clearly in Chapter 7 and the Guideline Book for Developing RAD-GRK.

In Perpes No. 61 year 2011, there is no definition of mitigation actions for the achievement of -26% until -41% targets yet. Definition of the actions will be further discussed in Chapter 3.

3.1.3 Proposed Implementability Level and Mitigation Action Selection Process

As one of the parties at UNFCCC, Indonesia has re-confirmed that economic and social development as well as poverty alleviation constitute key and the most important priorities from developing countries6 because development countries still have to develop and meet economic and social growth and development. Such provision becomes an important element that needs considering in establishing national mitigation actions.

Several testing criteria can be used to set rankings of potential mitigation action options proposed from each sector, namely: (i) cost efficiency (low cost to reach significant emission reduction)(ii) maintain consistency related to national development goals; (iii) maintain consistency related to national environmental goals; (iv) availability and quality of data; (v) political and social feasibility;(vi) replicability, namely adjustment capacity to geographical, socio-

economic-cultural, legal and regulatory backgrounds; and (vii) macro-economic considerations, such as impacts on PDB (GDP),

number of job opportunities created and closed, implication on long-term development, sustainable economic growth and social development, poverty alleviation, and foreign currency exchange value and trading, etc.

The testing criteria should be in line with the whole potential mitigation scenario framework proposed for each major and pertinent sector by using a bottom-up approach. In addition to this guideline, existing technological diversity, national policy and legal and regulatory frameworks must also be taken into consideration.

6 UNFCCC COP 16, Cancun, in Decision 1/CP.16


Furthermore, GHG emission reduction cost (abatement cost) for each potential mitigation action is considered highly important. The agreed amount of cost and criteria will determine priority levels of each mitigation action in the related sector and at the national scale.

Job Creation

Poverty Alleviation Social dan Economic Development

Meeting National Emission Reduction Targets as Con-tribution to Integrated Global Mitigation Efforts

Figure 6. Four Pillars in Establishing Mitigation Actions for Each Sector.

Several testing criteria as proposed in Picture 6 are used to set the priority of potential mitigation actions proposed by each sector according to national and sub-national situations. Meanwhile, the selection process is described in Figure 7.

Figure 7. Scheme: Selection Process of Proposed Potential Mitigation Actions.

Proposed Potential Mitigation Actions

Cost Effectiveness

ImplementabilityLevel

Priority List

Potential Mitigation Actions

It should be understood that derivates from the proposed testing criteria may vary for each sector because the condition system within each sector in the national and sub-national level situation may have their respective characteristics.


3.1.4 Developing Emission Reduction Plan

GHG emission reduction plan development is conducted by combining national BAU baseline scenario and aggregated mitigation actions. (see Picture 7). Then, it is necessary to develop mitigation action scenarios obtained from potential actions for each sector through a unifying and ranking setting process based on cost saving and the degree of implementability.

Each long-term GHG emission reduction plan describes CO2 saving from various potential mitigation actions which are then presented in total (accumulatively) and on annual basis. (see Figure 8).

T0 T1 Tn Time

Sector #1Sector #2Sector #3Sector #4Sector #_Sektor #n

GH

G

National Business As Usual Baseline (Multi Sectoral - Aggregated)

National integrated processes in meeting the national emission reduction targets based on cost effetiveness and its implementability level

Past Trend and Current Conditions of GHG Emission

Mitigation Actionsof Each SectorGHG Emission

Future Plan

Figure 8. GHG Emission

Reduction Plan.

3.1.5 Establishing Unilateral NAMAs and Supported NAMAs

Establishment of NAMAs and a long-term GHG emission reduction plan in meeting the national emission reduction targets is carried out by selecting aggregated mitigation actions divided into two categories, namely: - domestically supported mitigation actions (unilateral NAMAs) and - internationally supported mitigation actions (supported NAMAs) NAMAs classification is obtained by establishing the carbon budget for each sector which will give information on emissions reduction level, investment/mitigation costs, abatement costs, financing requirements for each NAMAs categories; and implementation schedule.


At present, clear definitions and criteria for mitigation actions that can be proposed as supported NAMAs are not available yet. However, such activities can be proposed and recommended by the Government of Indonesia through multi-sectoral and inter-governmental consultation coordinated by Bappenas.

Indonesian Case for Unilateral NAMAsIn order to realize the national emission reduction target by 26% below BAU scenario in 2020, Indonesia has to make several calculations and decisions. Indonesia has to establish the aggregated mitigation actions of the associated sectors. Beside that, it has to establish aggregated mitigation actions from related sectors

Based on the aggregated mitigation actions, emission reduction, the emission abatement costs and implementation schedule can be presented in a matrix, like iin Table 3 below.

Table 3. Matrix of Unilateral NAMAs (Indonesian Case: -26% from BAU in 2020).

No

1 --aa-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx xx ---zz---

2 --bb-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx xx ---zz---


4 --cc-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx xx ---zz---


6 --dd-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx xx ---zz---

7 --ee-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx xx ---zz---

n-1 --bb-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx xx ---zz---

n --aa-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx xx ---zz---

TOTAL xx,xxx,xx -y- x,xxx,xx xx.xx

Sector MitigationActions

MitigationCost

AbatementCost Time FrameEmission

Reduction

[Mt CO2] [%] [US$]Required

CompletionPeriod (Year)

OperatingDate[US$/TCO2]

Indonesian Case for Supported NAMAs Similar information required in the unilateral NAMAs development will also be needed in developing the internationally supported NAMAs. However, additional information is needed, for example the required funding/financing (see Table 4)

Furthermore, as explained in the previous sub-chapter, aggregated mitigation actions of related sectors to be included under the category of supported NAMAs must go through selection of potential mitigation actions of each sector.


The selection process is conducted through merging and setting of rankings based on cost saving and implementability level, and GHG emission reduction plan scenario development. However the chances for the implementation of the supported NAMAs will depend on the availability of financial and related support under the UNFCCC framework.

Linking Indonesian NAMAs with UNFCCCSeveral mechanisms of NAMAs under UNFCCC such as registry and matching process of finance, technology and capacity building support to these actions are not available yet.

However during the Caucun’s COP-16 in Mexico, December 2010, it was agreed to set up a registry to record NAMAs that seek international support, and to facilitate the matching of financing, technology and capacity-building.

Figure 9 explains measures to be taken to link Indonesian NAMAs process with UNFCCC.

No

1 --aa-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx x,xxx.xx xx ---zz---

2 --bb-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx x,xxx.xx xx ---zz---


4 --cc-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx x,xxx.xx xx ---zz---


6 --dd-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx x,xxx.xx xx ---zz---

7 --ee-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx x,xxx.xx xx ---zz---

n-1 --bb-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx x,xxx.xx xx ---zz---

n --aa-- ---xxx--- xx,xxx,xx -x- x,xxx,xx xx.xx x,xxx.xx xx ---zz---

TOTAL xx,xxx,xx -y- x,xxx,xx xx.xx x,xxx,xx

Catatan: 1. 26% + -y-% = 41%, which is deviation from the baseline in 2020 2. *) Submit to the UNFCCC Secretariat (support by Developed Country Parties)

Sector MitigationActions

MitigationCost

AbatementCost

RequiredFinancingSupport*

Time FrameEmissionReduction

[Mt CO2] [%] [US$] [US$]Required

CompletionPeriod (Year)

OperatingDate[US$/TCO2]

Table 4. Matrix of

Supported NAMAs (Indonesian Case – Reduction down

to 41% in 2020).


Submit tothe UNFCCCSecretariat

• Registry and Matching Processes

• Approval Confirmation by the UNFCCC Secretariat

• Project Completion of NAMAs

• Implementation NAMAs

MRVNational

IntegratedProcess

• Table of Domestically Supported NAMAs

• Table of Internation-ally Supported of NAMAs

• Approved & Registered

• Disbursement Schedule

• Construction & Monitoring

• Operation Phase

Implementation of MRV (Guidlines to be developed under the

convention)

Figure 9. Work Flow Needed for Establishing Developing Countries’ NAMAs.

The supported NAMAs need to be submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat along with the GHG emission reduction plan, estimated mitigation cost, abatement cost, required financing support, and related anticipated implementation schedule such as required completion period and operating date.


4. NATIONAL GHG EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGY

4.1 General Policy Direction (Cross-cutting)

If seen from cross-cutting perspectives, the most important area that requires attention in the future is the land use issue, since problems related to land conversion and land use are also discussed in the agriculture, forestry and energy sectors.

Connection and inter-connection among the sectors will be followed up in the future RAN-GRK development process which will include integration of spatial plan use that contains issues of climate change, capacity building, and mechanism development for laws and legislation.

Regional Scope. RAN-GRK also considers diversity of the physical, political and culture conditions so that Indonesia needs a policy approach based on regional aspects for the national development plan. Therefore, policy approach to climate change problems is adjusted to specific character condition owned by Indonesian regions, namely Sumatera, Jamali (Jawa, Madura, Bali), Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Papua.

Success in dealing with climate change is also determined by how far climate policy is integrated into national development policy and sectors. Therefore, the mainstreaming of climate change mitigation actions in developmental decisions that bring consequences to climate becomes important for its implementation in order to reach the national low-carbon development.

For an example, effective carbon price can realize significant mitigation action potential in all sectors since the implementability level of carbon value can provide economic beneficial signs in carbon markets to create investment and financial flow from developed countries to developing countries.

The required policy is the one that can create incentives for producers and consumers towards low-carbon development. Such approach requires several innovation and change in traditional development approaches.

Moreover, applying low-carbon sustainable development can give significant contribution to climate change mitigation, but the implementation may require additional resources to deal with lots of challenges.


Not only that, it is necessary to enhance understanding on possibilities of selecting and carrying out mitigation options in several sectors to maintain synergy level and avoid conflicts with other dimensions of sustainable development.

Climate change-related policies are seldom applied separately from other policies. Instead, they are applied in the form of series of policies with other policies, for example with development related policies. In conducting climate change mitigation actions, one or more policy instruments must be applied. Several national policies and instruments are made available in order to be able to create incentives for mitigation actions to be done, like what is done in other countries, namely government support through financial contribution, tax credit, standard setting and creation of markets important to effective technological development, innovation and use.

However, considering that public policies often bring about unexpected side-effects or far-less-than-expected ones, reporting becomes important for climate change policy integration because it can improve accountability and learning. Stable condition also guarantees country development such as Indonesia to get other supports, for example technological transfer and funds.

In general, NAMAs can use a large spectrum of policy instruments of GHG emission reduction such as: (i) economic and fiscal policies, for example carbon tax, fuel subsidy removal, or emission trade; (ii) target economic and fiscal policies, for example subsidy for energy-saving investment, feed-in tariffs for renewable energy technologies, or financial incentives; (iii) standards, for example vehicles’ fuel consumption, rules and construction certification, or tools standard and labelling for energy efficiency; (iv) knowledge-transferring information and education, for example public awareness campaigns, energy analysis (audit), or demonstration actions or trainings; and (v) Research and low-carbon technological developments and new energy more suitable for dealing with climate change issues that must be analyzed at the national level to evaluate its application before the implementation phase.

Furthermore, effectiveness of the impacts of proposed policy instrument implementation needs to be analyzed in order to understand how much it can improve low-carbon economic development.

Therefore, it is clearly obvious that the application depends on the national framework and sectors, national situation and understanding on the interaction at the national and international levels.


Figure 10 describes a logical flow of integration of climate change policies which constitutes a connection of key elements for reaching the whole action at the national level in meeting GHG emission reduction targets at the national level.

State of Economy, Social, and Environment

Mandatory Progarmmes & Oppotunities Related with Climate

Change Mitigation

Policies Strategy

Policies Instruments

Outcome

Figure 10. Flow of Climate Change Policy

Integration.

According to the UN Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), article 3.4 it is mentioned that the parties possess the right for, and should promote sustainable development.

Thus, policies and measures to protect the world from climate change that is especially resulted from human beings should be in line with the condition of each party and should be integrated with the national development program, while taking into consideration that economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate change.

The question of consistency between climate change objectives and other policy goals is rarely discussed in the general strategy development. There is even a tendency to overlook inconsistencies between climate change issues and other issues, while potential synergies are highlighted in the climate change-related policies.

Some ways of integrating policies can be done through integration of cross-cutting (cross-sectoral) policy integration or by-sector policy integration within and across all levels of government (see Figure 11).

Cross sectoral policy refers to cross sectoral measures and procedures to mainstream a comprehensive integration of climate change strategies and the integration of climate change mitigation into public policies that include


broad climate change strategies and preparation/ adoption of new regulations and the annual national budget.

Meanwhile, sectoral integration within the governmental levels refers to the integration of climate policies into specific or certain sectors by various entities under supervision of a ministry.

Climate change mitigation actions are often seen in the context of just one level of governance or, if several levels are concerned they are viewed simply as a top-down control hierarchy. However, it is clear that mitigation actions concern all levels from the local level to global level, and their interactions are complex and multi-directional. Therefore, the mitigation strategies must be implemented in by-sector strategies and measures.

TRANSPORTATIONPOLICIES

MINISTRY OFTRANSPORTATION

GOVERNOR

BUPATI

DIVISION

AGENCY

AGENCY

DIVISION DIVISION

INDUSTRYPOLICIES

MINISTRY OFINDUSTRY

ENERGYPOLICIES

MINISTRY OFENERGY

SEC

TOR

AL

POLI

CIE

S IN

TEG

RAT

ION

CROSS CUTTING POLICIES INTEGRATION

NATIONALLEVEL

PROVINCIALLEVEL

DISTRICTLEVEL

Figure 11. Cross-Cutting and By-Sector Climate Change Policy Integration.

4.2 Policy Direction and Action Plan by Sector

4.2.1 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Land-based Sectors (Forestry, Peat Land, Agriculture, and Other Sectors)

4.2.1.1 Current Situation and Future Land Resource Management

Nevertheless, the land-based sectors, including forestry and agriculture also give 15% contribution to the total national Gross Domestic Product (PDB) (BPS, 2010). Picture 12 below demonstrates the contribution of the land-based sectors to the national emission and GDP.


Another factor to consider is that the land-based sectors also helped Indonesian economic recovery after the 1997-1998 economic crash, through the substantial increase in export and job creation (Siregar, 2008).

However, the current land resource use in Indonesia is relatively inefficient because the resources have been exploited very rapidly without proper investment in the improvement in human resources and management as well as marketing of finished products.

Therefore, a GHG emission reduction plan from the land-based sectors by managing land resources in sustainable way will be very important for Indonesia. It is not only in the climate change issues but also for improving more efficient land resource use.

Figure 12. Indonesian

Emission and PDG by sector.

Peat Land26%

Energy22%

Industry 2%

Agriculture 5%

Waste 9%

Land Use Conversion and Forestry (LUCF)

36%

2004 Indonesia’s Emission (KLH, 2010)

Financial, Real Estate &Corporate Service

7%Transportation & Communication

6%

Trading, Hotel &Restaurant

13%

Konstruksi10%

Mining & Digging27%

Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Forestry & Fisheries27%

Services10%

ProcessingIndustry27%

Electricity, Gas & Clean Water1%

Indonesian PDB by Sector 2009 (BPS, 2010)


For the last four decades, permanent natural forests have beenreduced on a large scale. Not only that, areas of forest with a “critical condition” are also increasing very rapidly, including the expansion of forest area without any forest coverage at all. This “critical” land has become a fairly major challenge for management and areas that are fire-prone especially in the dry season.

Change and dynamic land conversion in Indonesia are driven by various activities and factors: permanent wood, agricultural land expansion, and forest fires especially in peat land which is also a very important issue in land resource management.

As a result, consistent policy formulation from all governmental levels and for all stakeholders related to the land sectors is very crucial for successful mitigation strategy development and GHG emission reduction action implementation in the land-based sectors.

It should be noted that the majority of land resource, which represents around 70% of all Indonesian land territories, are under the authority of the forestry sector, both at the central and local governments.

4.2.1.2 Definition and Scope of NAMAs for the Land-based Sectors

RAN-GRK development towards NAMAs for the land-based sectors refers to a set of policies and mitigation actions to reduce GHG emission from all types of land use which impact land enclosure and carbon stock.

The definition of “Land” in the document is seen as a unit that produces and absorbs GHG as a result of land management by human beings, that also deals with cross-cutting issues.

Therefore, the framework must also be consistent with a number of principles, namely to be in accordance with the other national development goals such as national economic growth and sectoral productivity, poverty alleviation; it must be effective and measurable; it must be fair and respect traditional/local people’s rights; it must produce additional benefits such as biodiversity, DAS (watershed) protection, improving rural community resilience; as well as having to be in accordance with UNFCCC guideline related to the land-based sectors.

Scope of activities under NAMAs for the land-based sectors include: 1. .2. REDD+ activities as explained in paragraph 70 AWG/LCA CP_16/2011),

include: (a) emission reduction from deforestation; (b) emission reduction


from forest degradation; (c) conservation of carbon stock in forest; (d) sustainable forest management; and (e) improved carbon stock in forests.

NAMAs territory scope for the land-based sectors includes classification of the largest land use including forestry, peatland, agriculture, land conversion, and national strategy for REDD+ (STRANAS REDD+). The NAMAs concept is not intended to change the existing national strategy for REDD+, but to facilitate better articulation between REDD+ and RAN-GRK/NAMAs. To this end, it is proposed that there needs to be more clear definition of REDD+ to facilitate implementation of both strategies.

In STRANAS REDD+, it is explained that the REDD+ scope will include better activities both within and outside forest areas (Other Use Area /APL). Meanwhile, Inpres No. 10/2011 on delayed new permit still refers to primary natural forests and peatland both in forest areas and outside forest areas

However, there needs to be a further clarification whether REDD+ will include all types of land use or be limited to the use of particular land types. For example, whether emission reduction activities from paddy field in peatland will be included in REDD+ or not.

Based on the results of consultation with stakeholders (Picture 13), it is proposed that the scope of REDD+ and RAN-GRK for the land-based sectors can be differentiated based on the funding source (see the graph below). This also refers to the 26% target and specific elements of the 41% target.

REDD+Land

BasedNAMAs

C Market

Supported up to41% of reduction

Unilateral up to26% of reductions

Permanent forest Convert.forest

AgrofAgri

Plant.

Agricultureland

Figure 13. Scope of Land-

Based RAN-GRK related to REDD+.


Furthermore, as a result of discussion with the public, it is proposed that, at the first level, REDD+ scope can be strictly based on the decision results from UNFCCC international negotiation. Meanwhile, the activities that are still being discussed should be included in RAN-GRK (especially for the 26% target). Because for the 26% target, the expected MRV system will not be as complicated as REDD+ so that the MRV cost is also expected to be cheaper. The strategy can be changed if Indonesia has a better MRV system or further development in international negotiations.

However, in order to be effective, RAN-GRK for the land-based sectors and REDD+ will require the same baseline and a clear MRV system. Also it is important that Indonesia has a national register system to record all actions related to climate change.

4.2.1.3 Concept and Methodology for BAU Baseline Formation

For Indonesia, baseline7 is understood as a “Business-as-Usual” scenario based on the projection of what will happen in the future without any policies on climate change and mitigation actions.

In principle, the land-based sector baseline can be determined at the national or local (provincial/district). For a country like Indonesia, that has a very large territory and various characteristics, preparing a baseline will be more accurate if done by each region. However, it is very difficult to ensure consistency both of data and methodology used in developing a baseline in each of the regions and then to combine them into the national baseline. This is because most local governments do not yet have sufficient capacity, both institutionally and with regards to human resources.

Not only that, it is necessary to consider how to address issue of leakage and calculate it cross-region at the national level. Therefore, the national approach will be better to minimize inconsistency and impacts of leakage.

By considering both challenges, the proposed process for the baseline formation concept is a mixed approach between bottom-up and top-down.

Analysis on historical data related to land conversion can be carried out by the national government, for example by Bakosurtanal and Ministry of Forestry. Meanwhile, the establishment of assumptions to project the future Business-as-Usual will need inputs, data and agreement from the local level.

7 The terms of ‘reference level’ and ‘baseline’ are often used alternately in REDD+ debates, but both terms can also have different meanings (see Angelsen, 2009; REDDnet, 2010). In the document, what is refered to as ‘baseline” (BAU) is similar to ‘reference level’.


Moreover, land resource development is also divided into several levels of authority, being divided across several ministries/agencies at the central and local government levels. So inter-sector and inter-governmental level policies will be influential.

For the above reason, baseline for the land-based sector can be formed through inter-agency coordination at the national level and involve local governments. Therefore, this can guarantee provision of a national framework which considers policies both at the central and local levels to minimize the risk of leakage and double counting, as well as a standard methodology and proper tools to ensure inter-Baseline consistency throughout the regions and with the national baseline.

The best approach to making the baseline is by using prospective methods, namely methods that combine information on land-conversion trends in the past, for example for the average for the last ten years and forecast on future behavior regarding changes in land use by predicting the level and location of the change (Huettner et all., 2009).

Prospective methods can be grouped into two key categories namely: (1) Spatial model of land conversion dynamics such as Geographical Modelling (GEOMOD), Land Change Modeller (LCM), Conversion of Land use and Its Effect Model, and others; (2) Economy such as Integrated Carbon Ecology and Economics Model (ICEE).

In Indonesia several institutions have tried to establish the baselines in several locations or even at the district and provincial levels. In addition, regarding REDD+, the Ministry of Forestry has also prepared a draft Regulation of Minister of Forestry for REL development, so that it is advised that all of the initiatives can be analyzed and then the Pokja (working groups) that will be formed by Bappenas can develop an acceptable standard methodology.

Below are examples of assumptions that help to forecast GHG emission from land-related sectors in the future (Responses from R. Boer at a national workshop on implementation of RAN-GRK for Land-Based Sector, 4 October 2011).

1. For planned land conversion: all convertible forests (HPK) will be converted for out-of-forestry activities (for example agricultural expansion, infrastructure for supporting regional proliferation and others). The width of the area is estimated around 22 million-ha wide and it is predicted that half of if does not have forest coverage.

2. Where land conversion is not planned; it can be assumed that all land conversions outside HPK are included in this category. For this it is necessary to have an approach based on prevailing historical data for a certain period.


4.2.1.4 Potential Mitigation Scenario

To date, the key goal of land resource development in Indonesia is for supporting economic development, improving rural population livelihoods, reducing poverty and maintaining environmental supporting capacity system including carbon stock and emission absorption.

The goals must be considered for developing a mitigation scenario for the land-based sector. Furthermore, it is essential to consider governmental issues including the establishment of strong and effective institutions in implementing policies and anticipatory investment in the land-based sector.

To reduce GHG emission of the land-based sectors, the best scenario is through balanced efforts between mitigation actions and economic development as well as creation of the enabling conditions.

Such conditions can be created by forming strong institutions such as clarity in land tenure, consistent policy, clear division of tasks and authorities between governmental agencies and different stakeholders, as well as increased resource capacities including technical, human resource and financial ones.

Not only that, a potential mitigation scenario must be formulated based on local initiatives according to the local development plan and financial and technical support. Thus, the provincial government role becomes important in the process of identifying and setting up the local climate change mitigation action plan and scenario.

4.2.1.5 MRV Key Indicators

The MRV system for the land use sector should mainly rely on a robust and transparent national system in terrestrial carbon monitoring. Local monitoring systems must be part of the national monitoring system. related to emission sources and carbon sequestration, and carbon stocks in forest land

To avoid leakage or double counting, MRV REDD+ must be part of the national MRV system. budget availability, development in capacity and technologies.


4.2.1.6 Prioritizing Mitigation Actions

Decision on climate change mitigation actions must as much as possible be taken at the local level so that it is balanced with various local development goals such as poverty alleviation, economic growth, adaptation, conservation and biodiversity and human rights.

The criteria for determining mitigation action priorities must also consider local capacity, starting with the areas of human resources, institutions and finance as activity support.

Generally, to determine priorities from mitigation actions can be based on four key criteria, namely GHG emission reduction potential, justice, practicality in implementation and cost-benefit.

Based on the current study, emission reductions from land-based activities are the most effective and cost-efficient actions compared to emission reductions from other sectors in Indonesia. However, the estimated cost has yet to include transaction cost whose amount will be very significant.

Measureable Components Indicators

Emission reduction Type of land-use activities (ha)

GHG emission reduction per unit (tCO2/ha) or (tCO2e/ha)*

Abatement cost Opportunity cost: investment and operational costs for various types of land use activities ($/ha)

Transaction costs

Development indicators Poverty reduction in rural areas (number of people/ha)

Creation of job opportunities in rural areas (number of new employement/ha)

Human Development Index (HDI)

Finance Value ($)

Financial flow ($/institution)

Financial use ($/institution or $/ha)

Technology Number of lower-emission fertilizer use

Use of new method for forest product harvesting

New low-emission method to reduce

Capacity building Institutional strengthening and capacity building

Human capacity development

Additional benefits (co. benefits) Level of biodiversity, protection to water use management and resources

Table 5. Example of MRV

Indicators for land-based NAMAs.


4.2.1.7 Estimated Cost to Reduce Emission from the Land-based Sectors

As mentioned in the previous section, information on land-based emission reduction cost (abatement cost) will be needed to help decision makers design funding schemes, either with domestic or international support.

The cost includes opportunity cost that shows whether an option of a particular mitigation will be more interesting or more financially feasible compared to alternative activities, implementation cost and transaction cost. Then, the abatement cost can also show how much should be spent to get sold in carbon markets.

An approach to estimating abatement cost for GHG emission reduction from the land-based sector can be categorized into three types, namely the local-empirical model, global empirical approach and global simulation model.

For countries like Indonesia, the local empiric model is the best approach to estimating abatement cost because it can capture local variations in various physical characteristics such as carbon density as well as local economic specificities.

In general, estimated abatement cost for the land-based sectors will require several measures as follows and require cross-discipline knowledge and expertise. (see Figure 14).

Classification of land use

closing (forest, plantation

forest, plantation,

agriculture).

Geography/ spatial analysis

specialist

Estimation and mapping of

land use and its conversion

Geography/ spatial analysis

specialists

Measuring carbon stock

change (emission/

absorption) for each land use

type

tCha

Forestry, land specialist, carbon

specialist

Estimated benefit* from

each land use type

$/ha

Economist, Agriculture & Forestry specialists

Opportunity cost matrix

$/t CO2 e

Cost curve

$/t CO2 e

Emission Matrix

t CO2 e

Figure 14. Measures for Estimating Abatement Cost Related to Land-based EmissionSource: Modified from WBI, 2011.


4.2.1.8 Optional Policies for the land-based sectors

To ensure the achievement of national GHG emission reduction targets, Indonesia must take several policy approaches especially for the land-based sectors

There are two paths of policies and mixed policies that can be taken, namely (1) special policies related to the land-based sectors such as: policies that directly regulate land use limitation (Spatial Planning Policy), sustainable forest management (SFM), export tax policies for particular agricultural commodities, community-based forest management (CBFM), or direct compensation such as Environmental Service Payment (PES system); (2) Transformational reforms, such as land tenure reform, governance reform, and decentralization.

Special policies (1) can be effective in reducing GHG emission and more simple technically, but may have negative side effects on the developmen process and poverty alleviation in rural areas. For example, high export tax for oil palm or rural road construction limitation.

Other policies such as driving agricultural intensification through a credit program, fertilizer subsidy and top-seed growing materials, support for a marketing system and land cultivation technical support which probably can help reduce deforestation, must be integrated with good spatial planning policies.

Meanwhile, transformational reform policy (2) has political aspects, is expensive and can only be implemented over a relatively long period. However, the policy is required for supporting success in long-term mitigation actions (NAMAs), especially for the land-based sectors in Indonesia. This will have a positive effect on poverty alleviation in rural areas. (Wertz-Kanounnikoff and Angelsen, 2010).

4.2.1.9 The Next Steps

In order to be able to formulate effective policies and mitigation strategies that can be implemented by the central and local governments ans are recognized by international communities, Indonesia must build consensus through the following policy process:1. Clarifying and establishing with stakeholders the scope of REDD+ related

to RAN-GRK for the land-based sectors. Then, review and determine national policies and the legal system related to sustainable land resource


management both at the national and local (provincial/ district) levels as well as review national/ sectoral strategic plan (Renstra, RPJM & RPJP, RKTN) as well as regional spatial planning and land use planning (RTRWN, RTRWP and TGHK)

2. National information system development. There needs to be an agency that can perform comprehensive screening against currently available data. This will enable to identify unknown and necessary sets of data. Therefore, a framework can be established to show clearly who will be responsible for collection of every set of data, as well as which agency will be responsible for reporting to UNFCCC biennially.

3. Establish baseline for the land-based sectors (national and local) and several mitigation scenarios, as well as prepare data on carbon stock for every carbon pool type (particular land use type), emission produced from land use through remote sensing, and information on land management practices. The process will include the establishment of consensus on scenario assumptions and budget scheme design.

4. Prepare MRV system, both technically and institutionally. 5. Calculate abatement cost including opportunity cost, implementation cost

and transaction cost, as well as evaluate land resource management practices and additional benefits to economy, social affairs and environment.

6. The process requires more detailed criteria to set up activity priorities, location of existing financial resources and potential international financial sources for every type of potential mitigation action.

7. Dialogs and public consultation which are at the multi-sectoral and cross-governmental levels to identify the role and responsibility of different agencies at the national and local levels (provincial/ district).

4.2.2 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Energy Sector

4.2.2.1 Current Situation and Future Vision

For the last five years, primary energy supply in Indonesia has grown rapidly and has increased from 1,166,488 thousand barrel of oil equivalent ( BOE) in 2005 to 1,270,904 thousand BOE in 2009. Coal consumption increased from 173,673 thousand BOE in 2005 to 231,351 thousand BOE in 2009. Meanwhile, natural gas increased from 191,189 thousand BOE in 2005 to 220,930 thousand BOE in 2009.

For the next two decades, as explained in 2025 National Mixed Energy Target (primary) and the current national energy path trend, fossil fuel will become the dominant energy source and remain the largest segment of Indonesia’s energy portfolio.


Indonesia’s energy (primary) portfolio composition shows that fossil fuel still remains the main driver for meeting the national energy demand growth.

If Indonesia wants to reach low-carbon development in the energy sector, the fossil energy demand growth needs to be intensively reduced.

Based on the Guide Book to 2005 Indonesian Energy Economic Statistics, CO2 emission from the energy sector in 2005 is 293,300,000 tons with average growth around 6.6% per-year from years 1990-2005. As a result of long-term national energy simulation as shown in Picture 15, the Business as Usual (BAU) scenarios show that emission from the national energy sector will reach around 1,150 Mt CO2e by 2025.

Furthermore, the current national energy policy until year 2025 contains the following key elements:1. Change in national energy composition by reducing dependency on

petroleum.2. Increased role of renewable energy.3. Reduced energy elasticity below one, including energy infrastructure

improvement.

GT1%

Hydro2%

Geothermal5%

GTL 5%

Biofuel5%Renewable

5%

Oil 20%

Coal33%

Gas30%

Oil2%

Gas21%

Coal35%

BALI SCENARIO 2025

CO2-1150 MtCO2e CO2-950 MtCO2eRenewables: 155 MBOE

Renewables: 155 MBOE

NATIONAL ENERGY MIX TARGET 2025

OPTIMIZING ENERGY MIX

Elascticity <1 • Reduce Oil Dependency• More Renewables• Reduce CO2 Emission

Figure 15. National Mixed

Energy Increase by 2025.


4.2.2.2 Suggestions for Integrated Modeling of CO2 Mitigation Evaluation on the Energy Sector

Main goals of proposed integrated modeling are: 1. To establish a baseline collection for the energy sector, which estimates

long term CO2 emission and provides yearly CO2 emission.2. To develop potential mitigation action collection in the power, industrial

and transport sectors as a basis for development of NAMAs in the energy sector.

3. To develop CO2 emission reduction scenarios from potential mitigation actions in the energy sector and a long term CO2 emission reduction path on a yearly prioritised basis.

4. To provide a picture of CO2 emission reduction performance for each potential scenario.

Furthermore, there are lots of approaches to the GHG mitigation action evaluation which can be applied for modelling in the energy sector. The approach can be categorized into top-down and bottom-up approaches.

Based on the UNFCCC Resource Guide 2008, the top-down approach is the most useful to learn macro-economic and fiscal policies for mitigation, such as introduction to carbon value as an environmental instrument in an energy system or other environmental taxes in the entire economy, including interaction of historic data. Meanwhile, the bottom-up process constitutes a process that is driven by demands for energy services in which domestic contribution for energy resources is the key element in formulating a long-term energy path. The technology also becomes a connecting tool between energy resources and energy service supply. Therefore, the bottom-up model is the most useful to learn options that have sectoral specific impacts and technological impact and physical indicators that reflect mitigation action potential. Consequently, specific policies at the sectoral level for energy can influence the long-term energy path.

As explained in the previous chapter, the bottom-up approach:1. More reflects system conditions at the national and local levels that have

their specific sectoral condition and evolution,2. More reflects the use of energy resources at the national or local level,3. Is more suitable to deal with sectoral policies and instruments both at the

national and local levels, and4. More focuses on available technologies and technological evolution

including general characteristics and practices.


Therefore, bottom-up scenario-based modelling can be applied to integrate the power, industrial and transport sectors as the key part in the energy sector to reach the goals outlined earlier.

In the bottom-up model, there are two levels of process, namely the first level intended for sectoral process in related sectors such as power, industry and transport and the second level intended for integration process.

The first level requires at least 5 (five) key measures: 1. Defining the energy sector limits in order to avoid overlaps of supply and

demand sides. This is carried out to avoid potential double counting of GHG emission reduction in the establishment of proposed potential aggregated mitigation actions.

2. Establishment of aggregated baseline for the power, industry and transport sectors as a key part in the energy sector. (see Figure 16).

3. Establishment of GHG emission reduction scenario from each power sector (power, industry, and transport) based on mitigation potential action with similar timeframe and duration of the next two or three decades, at least until 2020.

Aggregated Business As Usual Baseline for Energy Sector

Power Sector

Power system connected to National

Network and non-connected one

Industry Sub-Sector Transport mode and Local Level

Industry Sector

Cement

Pulp & Paper

Iron & Steel

Textile

Other Sub-sector targets

TransportationSector

Figure 16. Process Needed

to Develop Aggregated

Baseline of The Energy Sector

(Bottom-up Approach)


4. Establishment of potential mitigation actions for each energy sector based on proposed potential mitigation action scenarios until 2020. Then, the proposed potential mitigation action scenarios will be explained in detail in the related Sub-Chapter.

5. Development of GHG emission reduction paths for each GHG emission reduction scenario from each energy sector by priority. Emission reduction must be given in an absolute value in accummulated and yearly forms. Therefore, sectoral potential mitigation action evaluation with different cost levels is needed to establish GHG emission reduction paths and consider the level of implementation feasibility through a process of aggregation and prioritisation from the lowest position. The prioritisation process is severely needed because the application of NAMAs is based on cost effectiveness and degree of implementability. Each GHG emission reduction path describes savings from several proposed potential mitigation actions in accumulated and yearly forms.

Some important information includes:a) Key features of related energy, such as total primary energy requirement,

energy composition and intensity from each of the sectors from supply and demand sides on a yearly basis,

b) Key features of related cost, such as total cost, investment cost/ mitigation cost, cost composition, total and yearly fuel cost (on type of fuel),

c) Features of related GHG emission, such as CO2 projection in accumulated/total and yearly forms, fuel processing in absolute value, and GHG intensity, such as CO2/unit. Calculation of CO2/kWh is equivalent to the need for per unit CO2 of primary energy from each potential mitigation action of each energy sector, including the baseline scenario that becomes a key element for further analysis to identify unique characteristics and system evolution, and

d) Features of GHG emission reduction performance, which consists of emission reduction in accummulated and yearly basis, as well as ranks and cost for the emission reduction.


Based on the explanation related to the energy sector integration process, the four key areas of information, -- related energy feature, related cost feature, related GHG emission feature, and emission reduction performance feature--, can be used further as the basis for establishing key indicators from the energy sector.

Moreover, the selected key indicators for the energy sector are CO2 projection in absolute value, CO2, intensity and emission reduction and are accumulated


and presented as an aggregate and on a yearly basis. The indicators can also be considered further for being used as indicators for MRV system.

4.2.2.4 Policies, Actions and Instruments for the Energy Sector

A more integrated energy and climate change policy is needed to put the long-term national energy plan strongly on the low-carbon energy path; additionally, this also increases energy security. To develop a future low-carbon energy path, it is necessary to propose policies, actions and instruments that will enhance low-carbon economic development in the energy sector. Moreover, it can provide a framework that supports the key tasks as follows:1. To orient the energy system towards low-carbon energy sources,2. To develop and spread low-carbon and carbon-free energy technologies,3. To promote increased efficiency in energy production (supply side) and

energy use (demand side),4. Efficient transmission and distribution systems, and5. To revise related policies and regulatory frameworks to draw more investment

into the energy sector, including innovative financing that creates synergy between financial sources to stimulate the flow of investment in energy .

It is necessary to conduct further evaluation on the impacts of implementation and effectiveness of the proposed national policy because the impacts on the carbon emission level from the energy sector should also be identified.

However, application of the policies depends on the national framework, sectors and national condition. Moreover, understanding on the interaction between policies and framework at the national and international levels needs to be confirmed and seen how far the policy instruments are in line with the international framework in order to draw support and funding.

4.2.3 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Power Sector

4.2.3.1 Current Situation and Future View

The development of the power system in Indonesia varies greatly, from well-connected Java-Bali power line to small-scale power systems scattered throughout all the regions. Indonesia’s regions are connected by seven power systems located on four large islands namely, Jawa-Bali, Sumatera, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. The largest power system in Indonesia is Java-Bali, a connected system that contributes more than 77% of the state’s power production.


However, regarding degree of electrification, only around 64% of the population had access to electricity in 2009 and this increased to 67% in 2010.

Most of the electric power supply in Indonesia is provided by PT. PLN (Persero), with connected capacity of around 84% of the total capacity. Meanwhile, around 18% constitutes participation from private power companies (PLS).

In 2009, PLN had almost 40 million consumers with the biggest demand coming from housing, reaching 40,8%, followed by industry (34,3%), commercial sector (18,5%), social sector (2,5%), road lighting (2,2%), and government buildings (1,7%). Meanwhile, energy consumption for housing and commercial consumers reached around 60% of the total power need in Indonesia.

The total energy produced in 2009 was 156.8 TWh, including the power sold from PLS (36,2 TWh). Around 36% from the energy was produced by coal, 24% by gas, 29% by petroleum, 9% by hydro and 3% by geothermal. A low power tariff offered by PLN since 2003 has failed to draw investors for investment in the power sector, so that there has been a lack of capacity especially outside Java in the last few years.

Furthermore, in RUPTL it can be seen that CO2 emission especially from power systems connected to the Java-Bali national network will increase from 97 million tons in 2010 up to 236 million tons by 2019.

Based on the 10-year development plan, the role of low-carbon and zero-carbon technologies has been enhanced to promote more renewable energies which will be connected to the electricity generation system.

To reach significant GHG emission reduction in the power sector, it is necessary to develop a mitigation action strategy that includes all sectors. Key steps to be taken will be explained in the next sections.


4.2.3.2 Baseline Development Concept

The power sector baseline scenario is the long-term GHG emission path that can be taken from optimisation of long term capacity expansion plan based on the lowest cost principle under the business as usual scenario without climate change policy intervention.

GHG emission sources from all power systems connected to the national network, including all isolated power systems are calculated in absolute value with a similar timeframe. Then long-term simulation with an optimisation approach needs to be performed to develop a long-term capacity expansion plan for each power system connected with the national network and all isolated power systems.

The integrated process needed to develop the baseline of Indonesia’s power sector consists of two key elements that need developing into two processes: 1. Baseline development from each power system connected with the

national network including all isolated power system.2. Aggregated baseline development from the power sector which is

developed by calculating all baselines from all power systems connected with the national network including all isolated power system

Both processes must be calculated in absolute value (CO2 emission) with a similar timeframe for the next two or three decades, at least until 2020.

Jawa - Bali

SulawesiKalimantanSumatera

250

200

150

100

50

02010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 17. CO2 Emission

from Power System

Connected to National Network

– RUPTL 2010-2019.


Before further development of an aggregated baseline from Indonesia’s power system, there are three steps that need to be calculated for each power system both connected to the national network or isolated as follows:

No Required Measures Key Activities

1 Power System Analysis • Power demand and supply structure • Power statistics collection • Connected network analysis • Identification of system characteristics • Scope analysis decision including future plan

2 Data Basis Development • Primary Energy • Energy Demand & Supply, including related composition • Existing power plant facility including technical and

economic data • Potential existing power plant including technical and

economic data.

3 Long Term Simulation on Capacity • Description of system demand & related composition Expansion • Expansion of power capacity plant & additional requirements

for composition of plant capacity, balance of capacity & the timeframe

• Power produced under total and yearly basis with type of fuel in absolute value and the energy intensity.

• Related feature cost; Total cost of Efficient Power Consumption (EPC), investment cost, operating cost, composition cost, fuel cost based on type of fuel in total/accumulated and yearly basis.

• CO2 intensity: CO2/ Kwh production (on the other demand side, CO2/BOE (CO2 per unit equivalent to primary energy needs in total and yearly basis.

• Related result analysis.

Table 6. Measures Needed for Developing BAU Baseline for each Power Plant Isolated From and Connected to National Power Network.

4.2.3.3 Potential Mitigation Action Scenarios

Potential mitigation action scenarios for the power sector apply to both supply and demand sides. Each of the proposed scenarios will form a CO2 emission reduction path for the Indonesian power sector.


In the particular case of end-use for housing, commercial and public consumers, GHG emission reduction can only be realized at the supply side, namely through reduction in generated energy production and improved composition of primary energy use by reducing fossil fuel.

Indonesia’s current energy need is rapidly growing, therebyincreasing the impact on the power network and power plants using fossil fuel.

Therefore development of potential mitigation action scenarios will start with identification and prioritization of the most effective actions. The available portions for reducing GHG emission produced from intervention of end-use must be analyzed for local application.

Two options can be taken into consideration, by using technological equipment, namely by reducing the amount of energy used per appliance through technological change. The target option is to reduce energy used through energy efficiency improvement by changing appliances or upgrading the existing appliances, for example Air Conditioners, lighting appliances, or refrigerators. Such actions will target GHG emission mitigation

Secondly, the option uses soft technologies, namely reducing the amount of energy used per appliance by optimizing energy management.

Scenario

2010-2019 RUPTL Extension - The scenario has a pattern similar to RUPTL. The time horizon is extended at least until 2020.

Zero-Carbon Technologies and - To improve the roles of geothermal and renewable resources, Greater Renewable Energy Role based on national potential availability mapping - Individual biomass burning, or combined burning based on

national potential availability mapping.

Low-carbon technologies, Fuel - Power plant with supercritical and ultra-critical coal as fuel; Conversion and Increased more advanced use of clean coal technologies, integrated Efficiency gasification combination circle (IGCC) - Revitalization and modernization of existing electric plants to

improve efficiency level, operational performance and capacity - Support clean fuel in an effort to convert from fossil fuel with high

emission factor to fuel whose carbon emission factor is low. - Improved integrated distribution of plant system including

distribution and transmission of asset management system. - Put high temperature superconductors into strong power tools

that improve efficiency, system capacity, reliability and safety. - Use of end-side intervention: energy efficiency for housing,

commercial consumers and the public

New technologies Introduction to new power plant technologies including CCS technology

Table 7. Potential

Mitigation Action Scenario.


4.2.3.4 Integrated Modelling for GHG Mitigation Evaluation

Integrated modelling for GHG mitigation evaluation can provide the necessary information as a basis for evaluating further sustainable and long term CO2 emission reduction pattern based on potential mitigation actions in Indonesia’s power sector and evaluate impacts of proposed CO2 emission reduction potential actions. Besides this it can give guidance on strategies and policies for CO2 emission reduction in the Indonesian power sector based on cost effectiveness and feasibility level.

Electricity Demand & Supply and Its Structure Collection of Electricity StatisticsAssociated Network AnalysisIndentification of System CharacteristicsDecision of Scope Analysis Including Future Plan

Primary Energy Electricity Demand & Supply Existing Power Generations Facilities Including Technical & Economic Data Candidate Of New Power Generations Including Technical & Economic Data

Extension Of Ruptl (National Electricity Development Plan)Zero Carbon Technologies & Greater Role Of RenewablesLow Carbon Technologies, Fuel Switching And Efficiency ImprovementNew TechnologiesEtc

Strategy & policy recommendations

Integrated Modelling

Aggregated BAU baseline Scenario

Figure 18. Integrated Modelling for CO2 Mitigation Evaluation(Source: Situmeang 2010).

After aggregated baseline for the power sector is developed, it is necessary to do integrated modelling for each of GHG emission reduction scenarios based on proposed mitigation potential action scenario by considering impacts from cross-cutting relationship in the aspects of supply and demand of aggregated power system in Indonesia.

Long-term GHG emission reduction path of each scenario eventually describes the saving CO2 in total/ accumulated and yearly basis with combined baseline as a reference.



Table 8. below explains potential key indicators for the power sector which can be used for MRV.

Table 8. Potential Key

Indicators .

Power System Level Potential Indicators

Power system connected • Expansion of power plant capacity and composition of requirements with national network from additional plant capacity, balanced capacity and timeframe • Power produced in total (accumulated) and yearly basis with type of fuel

in absolute value including its composition

Isolated power system • Primary energy needs: total and annual basis based on the type of fuel and energy intensity

• Related feature cost: Total EPC cost (Minimum cost principle NPV), investment cost, operating cost, cost composition, and fuel cost based on type of fuel in total and yearly basis.

• CO2 projection: total and yearly basis, based on type of fuel in absolute value

• CO2 intensity: CO2/kWh- production (also on demand side), CO2/BOE (CO2 per unit equal to primary energy need) in total and yearly basis.

Aggregated Level Potential Indicators

Baseline data of BAU in • Expansion of power plant capacity and composition of requirements Indonesia’s power sector from additional plant capacity, balanced capacity and timeframe • Power produced in total (accumulated) and yearly basis with type of fuel

in absolute value including its composition • Primary energy needs: total and annual basis based on the type of fuel

and energy intensity • Related feature cost: investment cost, operating cost, cost composition,

and fuel cost based on type of fuel in total and yearly basis. • CO2 projection: total and yearly basis, based on type of fuel in absolute

value • CO2 intensity: CO2/kWh- production (also on demand side), CO2/BOE

(CO2 per unit equal to primary energy need) in total and yearly basis.Potential mitigation actions • Expansion of power plant capacity and composition of requirements of Indonesia’s power sector from additional plant capacity, balanced capacity and timeframe • Power produced in total (accumulated) and yearly basis with type of fuel

in absolute value including its composition • Primary energy needs: total and annual basis based on the type of fuel

and energy intensity • Related feature cost: investment cost/ mitigation cost, operating cost,

cost composition, and fuel cost based on type of fuel in total and yearly basis.

• CO2 projection: total and yearly basis, based on type of fuel in absolute value.

• CO2 intensity: CO2/kWh- production (also on demand side), CO2/BOE (CO2 per unit equal to primary energy need) in total and yearly basis.

• Emission reduction performance features: emission reduction in total and yearly basis, its rankings and reduction system cost

• On demand side: number of buildings constructed and related to floor width according to minimum performance standard (building code), number of labelled device, number of installed lighting energy efficiency (in road lighting and housing complex lighting), consumption of CO2/kWh, CO2/m2 of floor

4.2.3.6 Policies, Benchmark and Tools

Within the next ten years, GHG emission trends clearly show that the Indonesian power sector will still be fed by fossil fuel. Thus, without significant mitigation actions for the next two decades, GHG emission trends will not decline.


The following are some proposed national policy instruments to improve economic development with low-carbon emission, such as: 1. Reduced fossil fuel subsidy, tax application or carbon cost on fossil fuel,2. Feed-in tariff for renewable energies and obligation to use renewable energy,3. Incentive system for low-carbon and carbon-free technology investment in

power supply and efficient improvement in the supply and needs including power transmission and distribution system, and

4. Regulations, standardization and labelling of equipment..

4.2.4 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Transport Sector

4.2.4.1 Current Situation and Future View on Indonesia’s Transport Sector

Along with improved economic growth and urban population, the rapid growth of vehicles is inevitable, especially in urban areas. On the other hand, in Indonesia, there is no decent and attractive public transport system or non-motorized transport facilities for the public yet. Eventually, the public prefers using comfortable personal vehicles as part of their life. The preference results in growing traffic congestion. Other impacts are environmental impact, starting from noise, air pollution, and GHG emission, health, economic and social affairs.

In 2005, Indonesia’s transport sector became one of the main GHG emission contributors, by contributing 23% of total CO2 emission (around 68 million tons of CO2e) from the energy sector or 20.7% of the overall CO2 emission in the country (ICCSR, 2010).

CO2 Emissions from the Energy Sector 2005

(million ton)

Model Mix in term of Energy Consumption 2005

Household &Comercial 9%

Road90.7%

Industry37%

Power Plants27%

Air2.4% Water

6.9% Rail0%Others

4%

Transport23%

Figure 19. CO2 Emission in The Transport Sector.(Revision from ICCSR, March 2010).


This figure has made transportation the third largest contributor of the energy sector, after industry and power plant. The largest sources of CO2 emission and energy users from the transport sector come from land transport (road) which contributes around 89% of CO2 emission and 90.7% of energy consumption.

Meanwhile, other transport sub-sectors namely air and sea transport and rail only have far smaller contributions namely around 9.3% of the total energy consumption in the transport sector (see Figure 19).

Figure 20. Vehicles’ Growth

Trend (ADB, 2006) .

0

20

40

6080

Population 2005 2010 2015 2025 2035 2-W 18.8 30.0 38.0 52.9 52.7 3-W 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 HCV 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.9 3.0 LCV 2.9 3.6 4.4 8.4 15.1 Car. SUV 1.2 1.4 1.8 3.6 7.0Grand Total 23.7 36.0 45.5 66.9 77.8

Moreover, estimation of the level of transport sector emissions in the future very much varies depending on various types of existing studies. Based on ADB study (2006), the number of vehicles in Indonesia is predicted to grow double in between 2010 and 2035 with the continously increasing growth level for personal two-wheel vehicles and light vehicles or passengers’ vehicle types (See Figure 20).

What is more, the Government of Indonesia has announced its commitment to the national GHG emission reduction of 26% and included this target into the Copenhangen Accord on January 31, 2010. So it is commited to conducting ‘shift to low-carbon transport modes’ as the transport sector mitigation actions. 4.2.4.2 Proposed Mitigation Action Potential in the Transport Sector

Based on ICCSR (2010), there are three key strategies that can be combined to make improvements and developments in the transport sector, namely – Avoid, Shift, and Improve. The principles that underlie the three strategies and practical measures for implemenation are explained in Table 9.


Strategies Principles Implementation Phase

Avoid Avoid or Reduce the Need for Avoid unnecessary km-trips through integrated Travelling land use planning and transportation planning.

Develop urban areas through transit corridors (Transit Oriented Development)

Shift Shift or move to more-environmentally Develop or activate conditions for low-carbon -friendly transport modes transport modes (for passengers and goods’

transports)

Avoid shift of NMT (such as walking by foot and riding on bicycles) and public transports (buses and pedicabs) into personal vehicles through improvements and development of quality public transports including city minibuses (angkot).

Improve Improve energy efficiency of transport Ensure future cleaner vehicles, promote the modes and vehicles’ technology use of efficient smaller vehicles (including

two-wheeled vehicles frequently used in Asian countries). Design innovation of traditional NMT vehicles such as pedicabs.

Table 9. A-S-I (Avoid, Shift, Improve) Strategies.

Through these strategies, several efforts in the transport sector can be identified, such as planning effort, including land use planning and transit oriented development; regulatory effort, including establishment of emission standards, traffic regulations or rules such as speed limits, parking arrangments, road space allocation and also vehicles production processes; economic effort, including fuel tax, establsihment of congestion cost (congestion parking), subsidies for public transport; informational effort including public campaigns for public transports, mobility management, marketing scheme and eco-driving scheme; technological efforts, including improvements in infrastructure, vehicles and fuel.

Low Carbon Development Strategy Figure 21. Example of Mitigation Actions in The Land Transport and Rail Sectors.


Combination of the initiatives will enable the transport sector to reduce GHG emission. Figure 21 shows some examples and connections with avoid-shift-improve strategies in the land and rail sub-sectors strategies.

Of particular interest is the combination of several actions into one strategy, for instance in the case of application of a fuel tax that will help reduce traffic volume and passangers shifting to public transport, is given incentives in order to drive automotive producers to improve fuel efficiency of the cars for sale.

Although contributions of the sea transport, air transport and rail sub-sectors are very small compared to Indonesia’s total transport emission, the sub-sector efforts can be considered for instrumental planning by the Government of Indonesia over a long period of time. Rail efforts can include aerodynamic resistence reduction, regenerative break use, increased pushing system, reduced empty rail-car weight or maximizing of logistic distribution efforts from the land sub-sector to rail. Efforts through fiscal policies can be considered to improve and promote such actions. Among these are accelerated shrinking time for rail-cars and replacing train engines with sophisticated and aerodynamic hybrid-diesel engines with optimum air pollution controlling devices.

For aviation, efforts can be taken through eco-airport that includes engine efficiency, airplane technology advances, energy use efficiency in airport area. Beside that, potential flight practices also become one option, for instance the taxi time, change in altitude, minimizing distance between departure and destination, as well as reducing the retention/ piling up of goods in airports. Furthermore, another effort can be predicted through air traffic management and reduced flight speed. Aviation policy is not usually under the authority of an individual country like Indonesia, but Indonesia can discuss more progressive efficiency standards with the UN’s International Civil Aviation Organization (UN-ICAO).

For shipping, short-term efforts include operational emission reduction actions in existing ships considering that ships have a long usage life. Such actions include reduced speed, optimized load, fleet maintenance and planning (Kahn Riberiro dkk, 2007). Efficiency standards and standard operational procedures for ships and ports are usually under the jurisdiction of the International Marine Organization (IMO).

To establish priorities in all sub-sectors, several aspects can be considered for further policies, such as having to be nationally appropriate, cost effectiveness against emission reduction, sectorally appropriate, being easy to be implemented and within an adequately long period of time until 2020.


Furthermore, active participation from several stakeholders are needed, both from central and local governments, private sector, and individuals given that potential efforts in the sectors are cross-cutting (for example transportation policy can involve agency/ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource/ ESDM, industries, public works, etc) and multi governmental levels (central, provincial and city). In addition, local governments are expected to participate in developing mitigation action scenarios as local governments will have roles in the monitoring and reporting of mitigation action implementation.

4.2.4.3 Baseline Concept Development and Emission Reduction

For various efforts to be developed and recognized as NAMAs, including those identified through RAN-GRK, GHG emission reduction from the actions must be measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV). The MRV application is an important condition for NAMAs and needs to be developed in an appropriate framework in developing countries, especially for Indonesia’s situation which requires a balance between data accuracy, GHG emission reduction and maintenance cost.

In the MRV framework, CO2 emission measurement in the transport sector comprises:• Aggregated baseline development for transportation emission, and• Estimated baseline reduction as a result of executed efforts.

Meanwhile, to measure emission from transport, there are two key methods:

The first top-down approach takes fuel consumption at the national-level for the transport sector with an assumption that all carbons in fuel are emitted as CO2. Although the method provides reliable national-level estimation on CO2 emission, for example in the road, rail, sea and air transport sub-sectors, it does not provide sufficient information on the impacts of the most effective mitigation actions.

Secondly, is the bottom-up approach, namely a different approach for compiling an emission inventory in order to estimate CO2 emission change caused by some of the introduced actions. In the bottom-up approach, emission is estimated as products from:• Transport Activities (A), • Sectoral structure in term of modal Split (S), • Fuel consumption Intensity (I ) and • CO2 intensity from each Fuel (F).


In practice, as explained in Schipper and Ng (2010), the bottom-up approach requires knowledge on: • Number of motorized vehicles according to fuel and type of vehicles,

for example passenger vehicles, two-wheeled vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles, trucks and buses on a yearly basis.

• Yearly average number of kilometers (km) of trips taken by each type of vehicle.

• Kms or tons of kms of passengers produced by each of the modes of transport.

Through the three data types, the use of fuel/km for each vehicle and combined fuel can be obtained.

Generally, the bottom-up methodology is required to measure impacts of transportation policies, especially related to avoid and shift strategies because the top-down strategy cannot provide explanation on why fuel consumption in the transport sector also declines.

Furthermore, it is only by measuring travelling activities that direct impacts from transport actions in a location can be estimated. Ideally, all indicators mentioned here can be scaled to the local level, so that the impacts of the actions implemented at the local level, for example by city governments, can be measured.

Furthermore, baseline formation by the bottom-up approach for each of the transport sub-sectors, namely air, sea, rail and land, is required for aggregation into totally aggregated baseline of the transport sectors which includes the national and local levels (cities, provinces and districts).

Figure 22. Process

Integration for Aggregated

Transport Baseline Establishment.


Baseline establishment with the bottom-up approach for each transport sub-sector is required for further aggregation into a totally aggregated transport sector baseline, which includes multi-governmental levels such as the national and local levels (cities, provinces, and districts).

The bottom-up approach is also aimed to estimate CO2 emission given in the previous phases. However, for some sub-sectors, the data may be incomplete for possible total disaggregation with the ASIF parameters.

To address that, top-down estimation can be developed for sub-sectors and combined with other sectors. For instance, the air transport and water transport sub-sectors utilize separated fuel bunkers for road transport. Therefore, data on fuel bunkers can be utilized as a replacement for direct emission calculation from the sector.


To evaluate policy effectiveness in CO2 emission reduction, a number of indicators can be useful in the monitoring. This is the result of a bottom-up estimation process , because it is an important input in the estimation process. The proposed key indicators are in line with ASIF as parameters and summarized in Table 10.

Activities (A) Structure (S) Intensity (I) Fuel Intensity (F)

Yearly travelled vehicle Modal split (can result Km/liter of fuel for CO2/liter of fuel fromtrips kilometer (vkm), from activities of type of vehicles from each each vihicletrip person-km (pkm) vehicle data (as transport modes andfor each transport explained earlier) the next types ofmode and types of vehiclesvehicles and ton-km of goods transports

Table 10. Proposed Key Indicators.

Indikator sekunder dapat dijelaskan berdasarkan pada skenario penurunan emisi seperti ditunjukkan pada Tabel 11.

Strategy Indicators

“Avoid Strategy”, for example: • Reduction of trip km per person in a period of time at the Smart growth national and local levels • Number of planning and implementation units of purpose-built

mixed-use projects • Number of public transport corridors achieved through TOD

(transit oriented development) system around stations • Average reduction of national and regional goods trip

distances. • Others.

Table 11. Proposed Secondary Indicators.


4.2.4.5 Recommendations for the Next Phases

A series of recommendations are made to allow measures that can be taken in the improvement phase towards NAMAs in the transport sector can be seen in Table 12.

Table 12. Measures Towards

NAMAs in the Transport Sector.

Required Steps Key Activities

Database Development • Identifying data collection stakeholders • Data collection on transport (transport activities, etc) • Marco data collection (data on population, GDP, infrastructures,

etc as well as the projections) • Development of macro and transportation database system • Identifying data gap and assumption concensus development

Baseline Development • Collection of international and national studies or reports related to the transport sector baseline development

• Simple baseline develoment, using international appropriate tools for each sub-sector

• Combination of aggregated baseline on the transport sector • Cross-check of top-down and bottom-up calculations

Potential Mitigation Action • Collection of national and international studies or reports Development related to the transport sector mitigation initiatives • Identifying the existing policies • Identifying potential mitigation actions and analysis of

stakeholders for national and local levels (cities, provinces, and districts)

• Screening and development of priority-based scenario (package) of mitigation initiatives

• Developing proposed emission reduction impacts (using tools) and identifying co-benefits.

• Analyzing the existing challenges and analyzing holistically (maybe multi-criteria)

• Identifying needs for national and especially international support (capacity building, technological transfer, funding, etc)

• Aligning international support for proposed mitigation initiatives so that they can be easily implemented.

Establishment of Transport and • Identifying relevant persons or agencies to take part in working Climate Change Working Groups groups • Development of respective roles and responsibilities especially

related to the future MRV • Formulating working groups with clear functions and key tasks • Organizing regular internal and external meetings • Disseminating transport and climate change issues both at the

national and local levels

4.2.5 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Industry Sector

4.2.5.1 Condition and Scope of the Industry Sector

The industry sector is one of the sectors contributing to GHG emission. A Second National Communication (SNC) report revealed that GHG emission from manufacturing industry became one of the main sources in 2000, apart from land use and land use conversion and forestry (SNC, 2010).


Along with industrial growth, the National Industrial Policy (Presidential Regulation No 28/2008) which aims to improve competitiveness from industry, announced an industrial growth rate target of more than 8% in 2025. With the projected industrial target growth rate the GHG emission will increase significantly by 2025.

To reduce GHG emission coming from energy consumption in the industry sector, Government Regulation No 70/2009 on Energy Conservation obliges energy users (including industry) which use energy of more than 6,000 TOE to conduct energy conservation through energy management system.

In addition, the Ministry of Industry currently promotes the Green Industrial development as one of the policies to reduce GHG emission in the industry sector. The executed efforts are recognized through the awarding of the Green Industrial Award.

The Indonesia’s Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap (ICCSR) report has conducted projected GHG emission calculation for 2025 and 2030 under the BAU scenario based on energy consumption for the industry sector (Bappenas, 2010). The projection is developed by using the Markal model with an assumption of average manufacturing industrial growth after 2010 reaching 7% per year. The industry sub-sectors included in the calculation are non-metal mineral, including cement, iron and steel, pulp and paper, textiles, fertilizers, and others. In addition a calculation is also conducted for an energy efficiency scenario. Figure 23. Shows that the energy efficiency scenario can reduce GHG emissions in the industry sector by 30,45% against BAU scenario in 2030.

160

120

80

40

02005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

150, 87

97,49

Skenario Effesiensi Energi Skenario BAU

104, 93

30, 45%

Figure 23. GHG Emission in the Industry Sector – BAU and Energy Efficiency Scenarios from 2005 – 2030(Source: ICCSR, Bappenas, 2010).

(translation for the legend: Yellow line: Energy Efficiency Scenario; Blue line: BAU Scenario)


GHG emission sources in the industry sector are divided into three categories, namely energy use, industrial processes and industrial waste processing. Emissions from energy use are produced from fuel combustion, both for heating systems and power.Emissions from industrial processes come from industrial processes that involve chemical and physical change of materials. For example, emissions from industrial processes can result from combustion in the cement industry, iron reduction reaction in the iron and steel industry, and fossil fuel conversion into ammonia and methanol as well as other chemical products. Finally, emissions from waste processing mainly comes from methane emission (CH4) which is produced from liquid and solid waste processing using anaerobic methods.

Therefore analysis for the industry sector will be conducted in an integrated manner with other sectors, namely the energy, power, and waste management sectors. To avoid double counting in baseline development, establishment of inter-sector limits must be conducted before the calculation, so that the industry sector will be analyzed in its sector limit and based on the selected reference year.

With various industry sub-sectors, the Government of Indonesia should select and decide on the industry sectors which will be included in the scope of the development of NAMAs. The selection of the industry sub-sectors can be conducted based on their potential for reducing GHG emission or based on development priorities for the next 20 years. Based on ICCSR (2010), the cement, iron and steel, pulp and paper, textile and fertilizer industry sub-sectors constitute those seen as key GHG emission contributors for the industry sector in Indonesia. Beside that, theglass and ceramics, refined sugar and cooking oil industrial sub-sectors also have potential for reducing GHG emission as they are among the higher energy-consuming industries.

4.2.5.2 Baseline Scenario Development

The baseline scenario is estimated as the GHG emission level that would occur without any mitigation measures as part of business as usual (BAU) and without an action plan. With the baseline scenario, the role of the industry sector in Indonesia’s commitment for climate change mitigation will be clearer. Furthermore, as part of the energy sector, the aggregated baseline scenario in the industry sector needs to be integrated into the modelling for the energy sector. The integrated modelling will combine the energy, industry, transport and power sectors into one model.

To calculate the BAU baseline can utilize two approaches, namely top-down and bottom-up.


Through a top-down approach, GHG emission in the industry sector will in the first place be formulated, then improved by outlining in more detail the GHG emission contributions from each of the industry sub-sectors.

On the contrary, by using bottom-up approach, GHG emission from each industry sub-sector will be outlined first, then be combined into industrial sector GHG emission in total.

Therefore, classification of the industry sector needs to be done first by following schemes that are in line with the IPCC methodology, such as International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) scheme. At present, the BPS (Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics) utilizes the Indonesia Employment Standard Classification System (KBLI) to classify the manufacturing industry. The latest KBLI was established through regulation of BPS Head No. 57 year 2009 which was maded based on the 4th Revision of ISIC.

BAU baseline calculation in the industry sector NAMAs development should use a bottom-up approach as calculation with this approach has a higher level of accuracy. However, the approach requires more comprehensive data compared to the top-down approach.

Data required for BAU baseline calculation for the bottom-up approach is as follows:• Data on factories, starting from classification, names, locations, and ages

of factories, current/ future production capacity according to the type of products (tons of products/year), as well as current/ future yearly average capacity use (%) or production (tons of products/year).

• Data on expansion plan, for example future factory location, new unit/facility, size, etc.

• Data on energy consumption. Among these are amount of conventional fuel and alternative fuel consumed (total and/or separated from important production measures) calculated in (ton) or (GJ) per type of fuel.

• Power, both total and/or separated by major production phases calculated with MWh unit.

• Number of raw materials used according to the type of raw materials (tons/year)

• Expected yearly growth rate (%)

After the aggregated baseline calculated with the bottom-up approach is available, the calculation should be compared with the calculation using the top-down approach. The comparison is conducted because the top-down approach has more complete available data than that of the bottom-up approach, for example sales data of PT Pertamina and PT. PLN.


4.2.5.3 Development of Potential Mitigation Action Scenarios in the Industry Sector

There are several options for mitigation actions in the industry sector. If based on energy use, the options may be classified as follows:• Reducing the number of energy used per product, for example through

increased application ofenergy efficiency measureswhich will then lead to GHG emission mitigation.

• Changing the types of energy sources used. For example, the use of alternative fuel or replacement of fuel with biomass or urban solid waste, etc which ideally have lower-carbon content than fossil fuel.

Meanwhile, the selection of mitigation actions for industrial process is achieved by modifying key processes. The process modification can be done by changing types of products, raw materials or improving material efficiency like recycling of materials.

Some examples of available industrial technologies for GHG emission reduction can be seen in Table 13.

Table 13. Examples

of Industrial Technology

Available for GHG Emission

Mitigation (Source: ICCSR,

2010; TNA, 2010).

Industry Energy Efficiency Replacement of Key Process Sub-Sector Fuel Modification

Cement Lighting, motor efficiency, air Agricultural biomass, Blended cement conditioning, and engine’s fuel urban solid waste, B3 waste

Iron and Steel smelt reduction, optimized electrical Use of biomass, biogas, Recycling of furnace, improved performance of product gas combine products and waste preheating process cycle

Pulp and paper Boiler efficiency, drying process, Use of biogas, Recycling of shoe press usage, condebelt drying gasification process products and waste, with black liquor using raw materials from plantation or non-wood raw materials

Fertilizer Boiler efficiency, replacing dryer, reducing air compression Textiles RF dryer, transformer, pumps, Use of natural gas energy-saving motors

Ceramics Optimized kiln and dryer, insulation Modification of ceramic body, use of fly ash as mixed raw materials

Petrochemical Optimized boiler, furnace Use of natural gas, Improved recycling biogas and efficiency of raw material

Cooking oil Optimized boiler, cogeneration, Use of biomass (oil use of VSD motor palm empty stem)

Sugar Optimized boiler and drying, Use of biomass (bagasse), cogeneration, use of VSD motor, biogas from waste processing integrated process


Based on the mitigation action proposals, policies and actions to be applied need to be identified for each scenario. However, the calculation process in the mitigation action scenario development is the hardest process because production processes must be analyzed by sub-sectors in detail to see the impacts of raw material changes or recycling of energy consumption in particular production processes and its potential to reduce the energy intensity of each product. Examples of application from the international community can be used as evaluation models or materials for the Indonesian condition.

In developing mitigation action scenarios, it is necessary to have active participation from representatives from industrial stakeholders and industrial associations as the parties who will apply the mitigation actions. Moreover, local governments are expected to participate in developing mitigation action scenarios as local governments will have roles in the implementation of the monitoring and evaluation of the mitigation actions by using a management information system (MIS).

4.2.5.4 Evaluation on Proposed Potential Mitigation actions in the Industry Sector

In conducting evaluation and ranking of potential mitigation action scenarios in the industry sector, aspects of potential feasibility and challenges must be considered.

Generally, evaluation of proposed mitigation action scenarios should include evaluation of factors such as: total emission reduction potential, effective mitigation cost per ton of CO2; easiness in implementation including institutional, social and cultural capacity based on government policies and industry as well as technical knowledge and skills; political and commercial acceptance; technological opportunities, namely easiness of technology transfer and potential for market transformation; cross-cutting impacts; access to funding; easiness in measurement; reporting and verification (MRV); technical risks including vulnerability to climate change and tectonic activities; export potential and opportunity in the future; impacts on the balance of payments and other economic considerations; and suitability for developmental goals, such as energy security, economic growth, and the environment.

Eventually, potential mitigation action development in the industry sector will be based on cost effectiveness and ease of implementation. Not only that, evaluation of mitigation actions at the different levels of costs is very important in making GHG emission reduction of each mitigation action which will then be arranged based on a ranking according to the lowest cost.



With regard to the proposed indicators, each of the industry sub-sectors have their own parameters in measuring performance. For Indonesian industry, the possible indicators are total GHG emission, carbon intensity, energy intensity, and others, coming from analysis and projection of energy demand in the current and future industries.

Quantitative indicators related to the industry sector are:1. Important data related to industry: energy intensity or carbon intensity. For

energy intensity, this will include energy consumption (including power) per ton of products (GJ/ton of products). For carbon intensity, this will include CO2 emission from energy process and consumption per ton of products (tCO2/ton of products)

2. Key features related to cost: total mitigation cost (USD) and cost for GHG emission reduction (USD/tons of CO2)

The indicators will be used for the monitoring requirement (MRV).

4.2.5.6 Policies, Efforts and Instruments related to the Industry Sector

To support the implementation of potential mitigation actions in the industry sector, policies, efforts and instruments that could be carried out may be classified according to the categories listed below (ICCSR, 2010): • Planning: for ensuring that long-term strategies for industry, energy,

transport, and waste are consistent with the low-carbon industry goals;• Regulation and standards: to give equal opportunity and certainty for

industrial actors and society in changing their behaviors. This is very useful in improving the whole industrial MRV and enhancing performance standard for low-performers;

• Economic instruments: to create funding incentives for industrial actors in order that they can change behaviors. Funding incentives such as tax, subsidies and trading permit are often used by the government to drive development, technological diffusion and new efforts. Economic instruments in general have a higher cost than other mentioned instruments. Therefore, the cost is important in overcoming challenges.;

• Information and marketing: to disseminate other policies, new products and services. Information and communication instruments, for instance campaigns, can contribute to people’s change in behaviour by promoting options that are available and thereby positively influence environmental quality . However, the impact of such actions on emissions cannot yet be measured.


• Low-carbon technologies: to use alternative fuel, new furnance systems, high-efficiency motors, new products and services.

In the implementation of NAMAs in the industry sector, a combination of policies, efforts and instruments is critical for reducing emissions on both a short and long-term basis. The policy combination must be considered in integrated modelling in order to evaluate proposed mitigation action scenarios.

One of the national policy instruments that can be used for NAMAs in the industry sector is a voluntary deal between industry/private sector and the Government of Indonesia. Voluntary deals and actions aim to change attitudes, raise awareness, reduce challenges for technological innovation and adoption, and facilitate cooperation with stakeholders (IPCC, 2007). Furthermore, they also play an important role in the evolution of national policy. Globally, the majority of the deals do not reach GHG emission reduction in a significant way under the baseline scenario. However, several deals reached in some countries are able to accelerate the best technological application and produce measurable GHG emission mitigation actions.

Moreover, awareness needs to be raised among industrial actors to participate in GHG emission reduction and environmental management programs . Dissemination to industrial actors can be done by emphasizing that benefits can be obtained along with GHG emission reduction. The obtained benefits may be production cost reduction which is in line with energy/raw material consumption reduction, enhanced competitiveness in domestic and international markets through a positive image in the eyes of consumers.

4.2.6 RAN-GRK Implementation Towards NAMAs in the Waste Management Sector

4.2.6.1 Current Situation and Future View on Indonesia’s Waste Sector

The waste sector contributes around 11% to Indonesia’s total GHG emission (SNC, 2010). However, the waste management sector remains very important for local governments since it is related to environmental and health aspects. Not only that, mitigation potential from the waste sector and its link to the developmental goals make the waste sector very instrumental to design Indonesian NAMAs.


Waste can be separated into several key categories according to type and characters, as well as arrangement method and organization in handling it (See Picture 25). In general waste management GHG main sources are categorized as 1. Solid Waste

- Landfill (TPA)• Well managed landfill• Poorly-managed landfill (open dumping) • Dumping sites categorized between well-managed and poorly

managed - Biological Processing- Incineration and open burning

• Incineration • Open burning

- Handling and processing of industrial solid waste (including sludge) 2. Liquid waste

a. Processing and disposal of domestic liquid wasteb. Processing and disposal of industrial liquid waste

3. Other wastesa. Clinical and B3 wastesb. Agricultural waste (not calculated in this category but on AFOLU)

With respect to the development of NAMAs in the waste management sector, the scope of discussion includes the sub-sectors of domestic solid waste, domestic liquid waste and industrial liquid waste.

Several projections and estimations of GHG emission in the waste sector have been done as initial information for developing baseline or mitigation scenarios for NAMAs.


Waste management, especially in the solid waste/garbage sub-sector, is the responsibility of local governments. Nevertheless there are still many problems related to the management of the waste sector, such as: a. Majority of cities in Indonesia do not yet have master planning for waste

management; b. Solid waste management has yet to get priorities in the development of

local government policies so that minimum funds are channelled for waste management;

c. Conflicts in the establishment/ selection of landfill sites are caused by social and administrative problems;

d. Limited facilities and manpower to collect, transport, dump garbage so that not all garbage produced can be transported and managed in the Landfill (TPA);

e. Poor physical quality and operations of TPA. Most of TPAs are “open dumping”, which causes water, air and land pollution;

f. Organic garbage management into composts has not gotten special attention;

WASTE

BIOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE PROCESSING

(COMPOSTING)

INCINERATION AND OPEN BURNING OF

SOLID WASTE

PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF LIQUID

WASTE

OTHERS

DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE

WELL MANAGED LAND FILL

POORLY MANAGED LAND FILL

INCINERATION

PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF DOMESTIC LIQUID

WASTE

LANDFILL IN CATAGORY IN

BETWEEN WELL AND POORLY MANAGED

OPEN BURNING

DISPOSAL AND DISPOSAL OF

INDUSTRY LIQUID WASTE

Gambar 24. Structure and Category of The Waste Sector.(Modified from 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 5, Waste).


g. Lack of quality data for basis of emission calculation and for BAU scenario development.

Similar problems are also located in the sub-sectors of domestic liquid waste, and industrial liquid waste, especially data availability for calculation.

4.2.6.2 BAU Baseline Development Concept and Methodology for the Waste Management Sector

Establishing the Business As Usual (BAU)Baseline for the waste management sector is an important step to evaluate potential GHG mitigation scenarios and actions. The development must be based on projections for future waste management planning, other scenarios such as MDG targets for domestic waste water, and the implementation of Law No 18/2008 at the local level for domestic solid waste, by taking into consideration historical data and future scenarios of populaton and garbage management.

For industrial waste water, the current data and future forecast increases as well as development scenarios from key industries need to be identified in developing the baseline.

Overall, the sub-sectors of domestic liquid waste, industrial liquid waste as well as domestic solid waste must be considered in the baseline development.

Based on Annex II Perpres (Presidential Regulation) No. 61 year 2011, the Ministry of Environment (KLH) is authorized to conduct the waste sector GHG inventory. Therefore, the Ministry of Environment is competent in the development of the national waste sector BAU scenario, with support of solid waste data and planning from the Ministry of Public Works (PU). Similarly, provincial level baseline development (BAU) for the waste management sector can be done by the provincial BPLHD (Local Environmental Agency). The provincial BAPPEDA (Local Development Planning Agency) can take a role as a coordinator for BAU development of all sectors or as a cross-cutting coordinator.

Domestic Solid Waste The Scenario for determining the baseline conditions for domestic solid waste includes:• Total garbage produced, composition and data of population as well as

garbage pile rate;• Current conditiosn and future planning of garbage management including

transportation, final management, and garbage management practices such as burning or biological management;

• Percentage of garbage transported to TPA;


• Management of garbage collected in a collective manner; and• Separate/independent garbage management.

The baseline for domestic solid waste must be developed from sub-national level data (local government) so that it will form a national baseline. Suggested measures for the baseline development process from the domestic solid waste sub-sector include: 1. Calculation of total number of urban and district solid waste based on:

a) Historical data on population b) Level of garbage pile per day based on types of cities/ districts (can be

taken from SNI 19-3983-1995)c) Garbage composition (based on primary data or accountable research

results)d) Number/percentage of garbage transported to TPA, processed in

biological, incineration and open burning ways.e) Specifications of TPA (well-managed, poorly-managed, in between)

2. Development of projected emission scenario trend from the total garbage pile, collection, transporting, process and final dumping; and

3. Baseline development from projected garbage management scenario based on cost effectiveness and implementation levels by considering population growth and level of garbage pile rate.

Industrial and Domestic Liquid WasteA similar approach must be usesd to develop a baseline for domestic waste water. However, domestic waste water is not only a local issue. Therefore, future domestic waste water management planning must be performed at the national level.

The data needed to develop a national level baseline for domestic water waste is:• Current and forecast population data. • Composition of number of processed and unprocessed liquid waste based

on each type: Processed: anaerobic, digester, septictank, and laterine Unprocessed: dumped to sea, river, lake and flowing and non-flowing dirty

water ways.• Data on population protein consumption per capita for indirect N2O

calculation.• Current data and future planning related to domestic waste water

management is based on cost effectiveness and implementation level which includes percentage of domestic waste water management coverage for integrated and communal onsite, offsite, IPAL system as well as future domestic waste water management coverage target..


GHG emissions calculated for liquid waste are CH4 and N2O only while CO2 liquid waste is not calculated because it is categorized as a natural biological process (biogenic origin)

For the industrial waste sector baseline, the needed data includes:• Volume of liquid waste per product for each type of industries• Waste specifications (COD/m3) for each type of industries• Liquid waste management methods for each type of industries.

There are several types of industry to be prioritized in calculation. Based on IPCC, the following industries can potentially emit large amounts of CH4:• Pulp and paper manufacturing• Meat and poultry processing (animal slaughtering houses)• Production of alcohol, beer and tapioca • Production of organic chemical substance• Other food and drink processing (dairy products, vegetable oil, fruits and

vegetable, canning, juice making, etc)

National Business as Usual Baseline for Aggregated Waste Sector

BAU Baseline for PROVINCIAL Domestic Waste

Solid Waste Management Planning

DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE

BAU Baseline for city/district domestic solid waste uses scenario based on price effectiveness and implementation level• CIty/District 1• CIty/District ...

Collected and transported (Current and Future Planning)• Open Dumping• Sanitary Landfill• Decompsing• Burned

Not collected (current and future planning)• Open burning• Decomposing• Open Dumping• Disposal to River

BAU Baseline for city/district domestic waste water uses scenario based on cost effectiveness and implementation level • City/District 1• City/District ...

Domestic Waste Water Management Planning

DOMESTIC WASTE WATER

INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTER

INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER

BAU Baseline for industrial solid waste uses scenario based on cost effectiveness and implementation level• Industry 1• Industry ...

Industrial solid waste management planning• Industry 1• Industry ...

Industrial waste water management planning• Industry 1• ndustry ...

BAU Baseline for industrial waste uses scenario based on cost effectiveness and implementation level• Industry 1• industry ...

BAU Baseline Limbah Industri

Table 14. Baseline

Development Process in the Waste Sector.


4.2.6.3 Proposed GHG Emission Reduction Potential Scenario

Generally, potential GHG emission reduction scenarios can include several approaches as follows:1. Strengthen and push efforts to link economic growth and waste production

in volume and type.2. Accelerate transition to a sustainable consumption pattern. Ideally,

garbage reduction scenarios must discuss all cycles starting from minimizing waste, through eco-efficient design products, continued by recycling and reusing, to dumping of residual garbage which cannot be recycled or reused in an environmentally friendly mode. Closed loop systems based on industrial ecology, namely industry that bases raw materials on other industrial waste is a model that can bring inspiration.

3. Based on an approach that emphasizes material economic recovery which is still useful for production process’ raw materials.

4. Push waste-to-energy efforts both in industrial scope by using industrial industries as fuel, and in TPA and IPAL by capturing CH4 produced from a garbage decomposing process for fuel.

5. Push garbage reduction through composting of 3R-based organic waste6. Provide sufficient services and infrastructures for garbage collection

and dumping. TPA is equipped with alkali processing and methane gas capturing systems equiped by flare or with advanced methane gas usage.

7. Provided framework should be timely and comprehensive based on local situation.

8. Involve some stakeholders at each phase of waste flow. In addition, improve the capacity of all stakeholders intensively including technical workers in local and city governments and related agencies responsible for the development and implementation of waste management plans.

9. Push various industries that produce liquid waste with high organic contents such as palm oil, sugar industries, etc. to use environmentally friendly waste-processing technologies (for instance: lagoon processing system should be replaced into anaerobic digester, ultra high temperature aerobic fermentation system (YM Aerobes) with gas capturing system).

10. For more detailed technical explanation, a special technical guideline will be developed for the waste industry’s NAMAs which will immediately be developed separately from this guideline.

4.2.6.4 MRV Key Indicators for the Waste Sector

Basically, key indicators must demonstrate changes and effects from mitigation actions for related sectors. The following table shows potential key indicators for the domestic solid waste sub-sector.


Related key indicators for domestic waste water and industrial waste water must have characteristics similar to domestic solid waste. The key indicators must include quantitative indicators such as produced waste water volume, waste water processing, and GHG mitigation results (tCO2/capita for domestic waste water and tCO2/tons of production for industrial waste water).

Whereas, qualitative indicators include policies implemented in the industrial and domestic waste water sectors. Then, it is necessary to conduct analysis to identify more detailed key indicators as well as institutions involved in domestic and industrial waste water.

4.2.6.5 Policies, Mitigation Actions and Instruments for the Waste Sector

To implement and develop proposed potential mitigation actions in the waste sector, the following objectives should be considered: 1. Defining mitigation goals in long-term garbage management strategy linked

with sustainable garbage management context as part of sustainable development and poverty alleviation.

2. Improving garbage management system, infrastructures and technologies by considering GHG mitigation goals.

3. Sustaining implementation of garbage reduction, recycling and reuse.4. Improving capacity and technological transfer for effective mitigation efforts

in the context of sustainable garbage management.

Table 15. MRV Key

Indicators for the Waste Industry.

Quantitative

Garbage Source Condition • Number of minimized garbage piles/ number of

garbage• Number of garbage recycled and reused from

source points• Number of garbage decomposed in source points

Domestic Solid Waste Transportation Condition• Number of garbage collected and transported to

TPA

Garbage Management Condition• Number of open dumping closed and changed

into sanitary landfill• Number of centrally decomposed garbage • Number of burned garbage

GHG Mitigation Results• GHG emission reduction in tCO2/capita or

tCO2/tons of garbage

Qualitative

• Policy on garbage reduction in the sources implemented

• 3R policy adopted and implemented • Appointment of responsible institutions • Community’s improved capacity on garbage

management implemented .

• Policy on closure of open dumping adopted and implemented.

• Local decision in proposing mitigation actions in the garbage sector


5. Funding and investment in mitigation efforts in the context of sustainable garbage management.

6. Developing cooperation among stakeholders, especially in the garbage sector for implementing integrated mitigation efforts in the context of sustainable garbage management.

So, the measures to be taken in developing the waste sector NAMAs are:1. Defining coordinator for developing the waste sector NAMAs at the national

level.2. Coordinating with local levels in data collection for waste management.3. Determining projection for future waste sector planning, for example

infrastructure projection, macro data such as population, GDP, projected waste composition and projected technologies.

4. Agreeing to assumptions used for developing baseline scenarios. 5. Determining calculation tools or methodologies for supporting baseline

development. 6. Identifying potential mitigation action scenarios.7. Proposing policies and funding for supporting mitigation scenarios.8. Proposing local mitigation action plans for the waste sector from the local

level to the national level coordinator, included in RAD-GRK.9. Developing MRV mechanisms for the waste sector NAMAs development


5. FUNDING

Indonesia’s commitment to reducing GHG emission by 26 per cent from baseline by 2020 is related to the government’s capacity in mobilizing domestic funding sources. Not only that, additional commitment achievement for GHG emission reduction up to 41 per cent from baseline also requires international funding mobilization.

Domestic and international funding source mobilization is based on the needs for funding GHG emission reduction programs as identified in the previous chapter. Chapter 5 will discuss general policy on funding sources and mechanisms for funding GHG emission reduction activities.

5.1 Funding Sources

Funding for supporting GHG emission reduction activities may come from domestic and international funding. Domestic funding may come from APBN and APBD as well as participation from theprivate sector. On the other hand, international funding may come from bilateral and multilateral cooperation as well as the carbon market. The following is a brief explanation of the funding sources.

5.1.1 Domestic Funding Sources

Funding policy for supporting voluntary GHG emission reduction commitment is part of the policy established in the 2010-2014 RPJMN. Thus, climate change issues have obtained funding priority through the APBN mechanism. GHG emission reduction programs are an integral part of the national development program with an adjustment to addressing climate change impacts so that it is not exclusive. Most of GHG emission reduction activities will be conducted by the regions. Therefore, the funding must be integrated with local government programs funded by the APBD. Additional funding of GHG emission reduction activities can come from private sectors.

APBN’s funding source may take the form of pure rupiah and International Loans and Grants (PHLN). Based on the 2010-2014 RPJM, the estimated resource envelope for the timeframe related to GHG emission is budgetted around IDR37,889 trillion (Book 2 Chapter I Cross-cutting Climate Change of Mitigation Group, 2010-2014 RPJM). In the period of 2015-2020, the government needs to provide a sufficient resource envelope to finance the following programs so that it can reach the GHG emission reduction of 26 per cent.


Funding of GHG emission reduction programs implemented by the regions are basically conducted through APBD. GHG emission reduction programs are not completely new special programs, but are also within local governments’ existing programs with adjustment so that they can contribute to GHG emission reduction. Therefore, the financing can as much as possible use the existing APBD. Considering the limited local financial capacity, it is likely that funding will be chanelled from APBN to APBD.

Other potential fund sources to deal with climate change are domestic grants (from the private sector and community) managed by the government. The government will develop regulations and mechanisms that enable grantors to channel the funds.

Some expected domestic private fund sources that can finance GHG emission reduction activities come from banking, non-banking and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Fund sources coming from banking (general banks and syariah banks) and non-banking (domestic capital markets, insurance, financial institutions, pension fund institutions, etc) can be mobilized to finance private investment by beneficial financial returns. Therefore, there needs to be an incentive policy from the government to banking and non-banking institutions that provide soft loans to industries that apply green technologies or support GHG emission reduction. To realize that, it is necessary to have coordination between the government and the Bank Indonesia in developing banking and non-banking strategic policy.

CSR is a voluntary initiative from an enterprise to provide positive contribution to the surrounding community, so that it opens up opportunities to use it for financing activities related to GHG emission reduction efforts in line with the economic growth and green technology campaign. In the future potential funds from CRS are predicted to be fairly large.

5.1.2 International Funding Sources

International funding for GHG emission reduction programs consists of bilateral and multilateral cooperation and the carbon market. International fund use should not, as far as possible, put excessive burden on the state’s finance.

At Copenhagen’s 15th COP and Cancun’s 16th COP, it was agreed that developed countries must provide new and additional fund sources to support developing countries in implementing mitigation actions and climate change adaptation. The fund is predicted to reach US$30 billion for 2010-2012 and a


longer period until 2020 amounting to around US$100billion per year must be able to be mobilized both from public and private funds.

Until today, several countries have promised to support Indonesia in implementing adaptation and climate change mitigation actions whose funds reach around US$4.4billion for some years ahead.

International funds can take the forms of grants and loans. For loans, existing real needs should be calculated. Because they are earmarked for funding GHG emission programs which are a global responsibility, the form of loans requires special treatment with low risks and loan cost. The form of loans such as Debt to Nature Swap (DNS) is one of the mechanisms used for financing environmental management. The mechanism can also be continued for GHG emission reduction financing purposes.

5.2 Funding Mechanism

The use of funds coming from domestic and international sides must follow the mechanisms as stipulated in the regulations related to the state’s financial management sector.

Generally, the fund managed by the government for financing GHG emission reduction initiatives is carried out through the APBN. To finance activities that are the central government’s functions, the APBN funds are channelled through ministry/agency’s budget in the forms of sectoral funds, deconcentration funds and co-administration funds.

Whereas, for financing activities that are the regions’ functions, the financing uses the APBD. Due to limited local funds, it is likely to add funds from the central government through transfer and grants mechanisms.

Nowadays, management of international grants is regulated in the Government Regulation No. 10/2011 on Procedure for Provision of Loans and/or Receipt of International Grants as well as International Sub-Loans and Sub-Grants, which is followed up by Regulation of Minister of Finance No 40 /PMK.05/2009 on Grants Accounting System as well as Regulation of PPN Minister/ Head of Bappenas No. 05/2006 on Procedure for Proposal Planning and Submission and Evaluation on Activities financed by International Loans and Grants (PHLN).


Domestically supported Internationally supported NAMAs CreditsNAMAs NAMAs

• Bilateral and multilateral financing • Supports from Developed Country • Carbon Market• Public & private Parties under UNFCCC framework (Compensation/offsets)• Grant / Trust • Incentive Mechanism • Domestic carbon market

Table 16. Potential Financing Scheme for NAMAs.(Source: Situmeang 2010).


6. MEASUREMENT, REPORTING AND VERIFICATION

In the RAN-GRK implementation, the RAN-GRK monitoring and evaluation process is required to ensure the achievement of the set emission reduction targets and objectives. The monitoring and evaluation process needs to be developed according to the measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) mechanism and review which are part of the action plan development and updating cycle. MRV mechanism and review are adjusted to the latest developments related to the climate change issues at the national and global levels.

6.1 Definition and Current Status

To monitor performance of RAN-GRK or RAD-GRK implementation, it is necessary to have an adequate national system to conduct measurement, reporting and verification.

Currently, MRV topics at the international level, both in the forms of UNFCCC guideline and standardization on MRV are still in the initial development phase. To date, the following ideas have been established:- The variation of MRV’s rigidity depends on the type of NAMAs. The MRV

standard for unilateral NAMAs does not have to be too rigid when compared to the MRV standard for Supported NAMAs and NAMAs Producing Carbon Credit, which must be more stringent and have a higher standard. Financing by developed countries for NAMAs will in practice be dependent on the rigour of the proposals and MRV ability in reducing GHG emission.

- As stated in the Bali Action Plan, NAMAs must a consider wider concept of sustainable development. Therefore, narrow focus (only on GHG emission reduction) will nullify NAMAs’ real goals. In selecting potential GHG mitigation actions, socio-economic criteria must be considered and are an inseparable part of the MRV matrix for NAMAs so that NAMAs are in line with the priorities of developing countries’ development.

- Registration of NAMAs in the international community into UNFCCC will be developed for NAMAs that require international support (Wupperthal Institute, 2011).


6.1.1 Measurement

Measurement of mitigation actions consists of baseline data and performance data that show mitigation action implementation status in reaching the expected targets. Two important aspects to be considered when preparing mitigation actions and measurement procedures are:• Definition of targets Mitigation actions in RAN/ RAD-GRK are earmarked for reaching GHG

emission reduction targets, but also for supporting the successful achievement of national development priorities. Therefore, one set of targets is needed.

• Definition of MRV indicators An indicator is a basic requirement for quantitatively measuring, reporting

and verifying impacts of NAMAs relative to the desired targets. To measure the progress of mitigation action implementation, GHG emission-based indicators are needed (such as number of CO2 emission reduction, in tons) and other indicators which are not based on GHG emission, such as financing indicators (e.g. amount of funds needed for investment per mitigation action) or sustainable development indicator (e.g. number of produced works).

6.1.2 Reporting

Reporting of mitigation actions focuses on the achievement of GHG emission reduction, updating of baseline data as well as other key performance data related to financing and implemented interventions. Sufficient reporting requires a reporting format that provides information on the parameters.

Reporting at the local and provincial levels will follow the same reporting format. But that will depend on the complexity andnumber of implementation levels. Domestically supported mitigation actions will follow the nationally agreed reporting standard (domestic). Internationally supported mitigation actions will require more detailed reports. Therefore, the unit that performs

RAN-GRK Type of NAMA Form of MRV

Mitigation actions for reducing Unilateral NAMAs (which are Mitigation actions will beemission by 26% domestically supported) measured, reported and verified with domestic standards.

Mitigation actions for reducing Supported NAMAs (which are Mitigation actions will beemission by 26- 41% Internationally Supported) measured, reported and verified domestically and internationally.

For Indonesia, the following table can be used:


the reporting should interact more intensively with the mitigation action implementation process.

The involved institutions should conduct reporting on the performance of implementation of each mitigation action according to the criteria mentioned above every year to the national level. The report will then be integrated into the biennial reports to UNFCCC.

6.1.3 Verification

The goal of verification of mitigation actions within RAN/ RAD-GRK is that the involved stakeholders believe and are confident with the accomplished results. Verification will show that measurement and reporting is being performed according to the set requirements and indicators. Especially for internationally supported mitigation actions, verification will function as a standard so that countries that provide support can continue their support.

Focus on verification will include activity data, emission factors, volume of emissions, funding sources, and assumptions made during verification. For internationally supported mitigation actions, verification can be adjusted to the international guideline and standard. Whereas, for domestically supported mitigation actions, each country can establish a national verification body that follows the national verification standard.

Frequency of mitigation action verification must be in line with the biennial reporting process. Verification of domestically supported mitigation actions can be conducted by national independent institutions that are given a mandate by the government or coordinator per sector that conducts review on mitigation actions (for instance: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources for the energy sector).

Verification of internationally-supported mitigation actions will be conducted by an international verification body o country that provides supports for verifiable mitigation actions, and therefore will depend on international requirements.

The following diagram explains key measures to be considered for MRV of RAN-GRK.


6.2 Institutional Tasks and Responsibilities

To measure, report and verify mitigation actions within RAN-GRK, increased capacity in institutional structures at the national and local levels (province and district/city) and cross-cutting ones is deemed necessary. Increased capacity in the monitoring system is needed because monitoring of mitigation actions is a new task for central and local government agencies. However, the mitigation action monitoring must be done in line with the implementation of monitoring and evaluation systems conducted for developmental activity implementation.

The tasks and responsibilities of agencies related to MRV based on Perpres (Presidential Regulation) No. 61 and 71 are outlined further in the following Table. The tasks and functions of each related agency at the national and local levels for the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of RAN-GRK mentioned in Perpres No. 61 Year 2011.

Baseline

Review

Implementation

Policies &Measures

Baseline/ BAU

Domestically Supported NAMAs

INternationally Supported NAMAs

Credited NAMAs

GHG Inventory Every 2 Years to UNFCCC According to MRV Standards

MitigationActions

NAMAs GHG Inventory

NAMA RAN/RAD

GRK

MitigationScenario

26%

GHG

T1 2020 Year

41%

REPORT

MRV - Monitoring of Progress Implementation + Verification

FIgure 25. NAMAs and MRV


Presidential Regulation no. 71 Year 2011 on Administration of National Green House Gas Inventory constitutes a legal basis for the coordination and implementation of National Green House Gas Inventory as well as development of national communications reports for UNFFFC. The National Green House Gas Inventory aims to give periodic information on the level, status and trends of emission change and GHG absorption, including carbon stock at the national, provincial, district/city levels as well as information on GHG emission reduction obtained from mitigation action implementation. As stated by UNFCCC and mentioned in Perpres no. 71, the Green House Gas Inventory is carried out through monitoring and collection of data from emission sources (historic data up to the running year, depending on data availability), and continued with GHG emission calculation.

According to the Perpres, the Ministry of Environment/KLH (as ministry administering governmental affairs in environmental protection and management sectors) is the main agency for GHG inventory. Coordination needs to be done by KLH together with Ministry of Home Affairs and the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency, KLH is also tasked with developing GHG inventory administration guideline as well as conducting monitoring and evaluation on GHG inventory. The tasks and functions of the related agencies pursuant to the Perpres no. 71 can be seen in the following Table.

No. Tasks and Responsibilities Agencies1 Coordination for implementation and monitoring of RAN-GRK Coordinating Ministry for implemented by each related Ministry/ Agency Economy2 Regulation related to implementation of RAN-GRK Related ministry/agency3 Guideline for developing RAD-GRK BAPPENAS4 Development of RAD-GRK Governors 5 Facilitating development of RAD-GRK Ministry of Home Affairs, BAPPENAS, Ministry of Environment6 Coordinating the periodic review of RAN-GRK,related to national BAPPENAS needs and international dynamic developments 7 Periodic review of RAN-GRK related to national needs and Related ministry/agency international dynamic developments 8 Reporting of review results of RAN-GRK to Coordinating Minister BAPPENAS for Economy. Review results can be made basis for RAN-GRK adjustment 9 Reporting of RAN-GRK activity implementation to Coordinating Related ministry/agency Minister for Economy, Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare, Minister for National Development Planning/Head of BAPPENAS and Minister of Environment periodically at least 1 (once) a year or at any time if needed 10 Integrated Reporting of RAN-GRK implementation to the Coordinating Ministry for President at least 1 (once) a year or at any time if needed. Economy

Table 17. Tasks and

Responsibilities of Agencies Related to MRV based on Perpres No. 61 .


No. Task and Function Agencies1 Developing guideline for administering GHG inventory KLH2 Coordinating implementation of GHG inventory and emission KLH change trends and GHG absorption, including carbon stock at the national level3 Implementing monitoring and evaluation on GHG inventory KLH process and results4 Preparing and submitting National Communications report to KLH governmental representative assigned as National Focal Point at UNFCCC5 Conducting GHG inventory at the provincial level Governor6 Coordinating implementation of GHG inventory at the district and Governor city level and submitting the GHG inventory results to KLH every 1 (one) year 7 Implementing GHG inventory at the district and city levels and District/Mayor submitting the GHG inventory results to Governor every 1 (one) year 8 Related ministry submits the GHG inventory result to KLH every Related Ministry/agency 1 (one) year 9 Reporting GHG inventory to Coordinating Ministry for People’s KLH Welfare 10 Publishing GHG inventory reports periodically according to the KLH national needs, international needs and needs for development of Climate Change National Communications Report

Table 18. Tasks and Responsibilities of Agencies Related to MRV based on Perpres No. 71.


7. LOCAL ACTION PLAN FOR GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION (RAD-GRK) DEVELOPMENT

In principle, RAD-GRK development is based on RAN-GRK and based on local development priorities, as well as respective local capacities and abilities. In RAD-GRK document development process, Provincial Governments will coordinate with the Ministry of PPN/Bappenas, Ministry of Home Affairs and other related ministries/ agencies. Then RAD-GRK must be established through the Governor’s Regulation within one year from the enactment of RAN-GRK by the President of the Republic of Indonesia on September 20, 2011.

RAD-GRK documents produced by Provincial Governments must be integrated with other local strategic planning documents such as RPJPD, RPJMD and Dinas’ Strategic Plan (Renstra) as programs and activities contained in RAD-GRK are mutually connected and complemented with the documents. Specifically, RAD-GRK documents that consist of programs and activities by sector are closely related with DInas’ Strategic Plan. Therefore the produced RAD-GRK document can serve as a guideline for Provincial Governments (as well as District/City Governments) to carry out and achieve sustainable local development both short-term (yearly) and medium-term (every five years) and long-term (every ten years).

In line with the RAN-GRK review, RAD-GRK documents can be reviewed to adjust to the latest developments. The review and revision process can be conducted periodically by Provincial Governments according to the direction and guideline established by the Central Government through coordination of Minister of PPN/Head of Bappenas.

Furthermore Governors (through heads of Bappeda/Local Development Planning Agency) will submit reports on activity implementation and monitoring of RAD-GRK implementation to Minister of PPN/Head of Bappenas which will be integrated into national target achievement efforts to reduce GHG emission in a periodic manner according to the national needs and latest global developments.


7.1 GHG Mitigation Role at the Local Level

Local governments can take the roles in GHG emission reduction which are in line with the sustainable development context in the respective regions, for example through activities that conserve local environment through activities that reduce GHG emissions, which can be economic initiatives and have social impacts on the people. (as illustration, see Figure 26).

The ideal condition (RAD-GRK in the sustainable development context) can be achieved by developing local strategic planning to reduce GHG emissions, develop consensus among stakeholders and improve coordinating role among agencies at the local governments to promote public and private sector involvement in climate change impact mitigation efforts.

Based on the condition, RAD-GRK development becomes important for local governments by formulating GHG emission reduction actions up to year 2020 or onwards, namely formulating mitigation action proposals from sectors that potentially reduce GHG emissions according to the local characteristics and authorities.

Therefore, information available in chapter 7 will help local governments develop and implement provincial level GHG emission reduction activities according to the mandate given by the Central Government through Presidential Regulation (Perpres) 61/2011 on RAN-GRK.

Job Creation

RAN-RAD GRK

Poverty Reduction

Economic and Social

Development

Attainment of National Targets

for GHG emission Reduction

(Environmental Conservation)

Figure 26.RAN-RAD-GRK in Sustainable Development Dimension.(Adapted from various sources)


7.2 Synergistic Relationship between RAN and RAD-GRK

National Action Plan for Green House Gas (RAN-GRK) is a policy guideline for the central government, local governments and related sectors to reduce GHG emissions by 26% with its own /domestic efforts and up to 41% with international support from BAU baseline scenario in 2020. The RAN-GRK document contains key and supporting activities to attain targets for each key sector namely forestry and peat land, agriculture, energy and transport, industry and waste management.

According to Perpres on RAN-GRK, RAD-GRK must be prepared by Provincial Governments as a working document and the basis for all local development actors (at the provincial, district/city levels which consist of local governments, communities and private sectors) in carrying out key and supporting activities related to GHG emission reduction during 2010-2020. Thus, RAN-GRK is the basis for the central government, local governments, communities and business actors in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating RAD-GRK. The synergy between these two multi-sectoral plans can be seen in Figure 27.

RAN GRK Target : 26 - 41%

Provincial RAD GRK

Forestry, Peat Land, and Agriculture

Energy, Transport, Industry Waste

Figure 27.Synergy

Relationship between RAN-

GRK and RAD-GRK.

(Adapted from various sources)

7.3 Goal and Objective

The goal of Chapter 7 is to provide a general reference for provincial governments (including district/ city) on policies and authorities (national and local) related to GHG emission reduction efforts, mitigation scope, and to what extent there is local involvement in the efforts, based on local characteristics, potential and authorities.


The expected objectives are that:a) Provincial governments can develop cross-cutting GHG emission reduction

planning documents.b) Provincial governments can develop appropriate strategies for GHG

emission reduction. c) Provincial governments will have information on local investment

opportunities related to climate change mitigation activities. d) Local agencies, organizations, human resources will have increased

capacities, roles, and responsiveness to climate change mitigation issues.

7.4 Policies and Institutional Matters

In the sub-chapter below, the existing relevant national policies and RAD-GRK implementation at the local level will be explained. Beside that, roles and administrative and technical authorities of provincial governments and related sector agencies in the regions in preparing RAD-GRK documents will be outlined. In the implementation phase, explanation on some related sectors will refer to the national planning document namely RAN-GRK. This is deemed necessary in order to develop integration and suitability of mitigation programs/activities among governmental levels.

7.4.1 Policy Framework and Normative Reference on Climate Change

The Government of Indonesia has produced some regulations and policies on climate change adaptation and mitigation, namely: National Action Plan for Green House Gas Emission Reduction (RAN-GRK) and Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap (ICCSR).

In particular, RAN-GRK is a long-term planning document that regulates GHG emission reduction efforts related to substances of the Long-Term Development Plan (RPJP) and Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJM). The action plan document is also a key reference for development actors at the national, provincial and district/city levels in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of GHG emission reduction.

The RAN-GRK mandate to provincial governments is to develop action plans for GHG emission reduction at the provincial level (which also includes district/ city) which is called Local Action Plan for Green House Gas Emission Reduction (RAD-GRK). RAD-GRK development, which is established through the Governor’s Regulation, is based on RAN-GRK’s substances. In developing RAD-GRK, it is expected to conduct bottom-up processes which will describe


measures to be taken by each province in reducing GHG emissions, adjusted to respective local characteristics, potential and capacities. Then, each provincial government needs to calculate the volume of GHG emissions produced, target figures or reduction amounts, and types of sectors whose GHG emissions needs reducing.

7.4.2 National Policy on Green House Gas Emission Reduction

The provision that directly mandates RAD-GRK development is found in Perpres no. 61/2011 on RAN-GRK, in which RAN-GRK is mandated to be a guideline of local action plan documents. However, RAD-GRK proposed by local governments can also function as material for reviewing targets and actions of GHG emission reduction within the national action plans.

The Link of local strategic development planning document with RAD-GRK document can be seen in Figure 28.

RPJP Nasional

RPJM Nasional

RENSTRAK / L

RENSTRASKPD

RENJAK / L

RENJASKPD

RPJPDaerah

RPJMDaerah

IPCC Model ICCSR RAN GRK UNFCC

RKP APBN

APBDRKPD

RAD GRK

Figure 28.Connection Framework

between National-Local Document/Policy and RAD-

GRK (modification from

ICCSR, 2010)

RENSTRA K/L: Ministry/Agency Strategic Plan; RENJA K/L: Ministry/Agency Work Plan; RPJP Nasional: National Long-Term Development Plan; RPJM Nasional: Na-tional Medium-Term Development Plan; RKP: Government Work Plan; APBN: State Budget; RAN-GRK: National Action Plan for Green House Gas; RAD-GRK: Local Action Plan for Green House Gas; RPJP Daerah: Local Long-Term Work Plan; RPJM Daerah: Local Long-Term Work Plan; RKPD: Local Government Work Plan; APBD: Local Budget; RENSTRA SKPD: Strategic Plan of Local Apparatus Working Unit; RENJA SKPD: Work Plan of Local Apparatus Working Unit


7.5 Institutional Role and Its Authority

Institutional preparation of the RAD-GRK at the provincial level must be initiated by creating an inventory of the division of governmental authorities/affairs at each sector related to GHG emissions. The guideline provides a description of authorities from the national, provincial, and district/city over programs within RAN-GRK.

In reference to Law No. 32/2004 and PP (Government Regulation) Nol. 38/2007, authorities of each agency, both national, provincial, district/ city level to carry out every program from various sectors within the RAN-GRK can be identified. It is necessary to understand that RAN-GRK regulates division of GHG emission reduction activities into some sectors which need to be aligned with arrangement of governmental affairs as regulated in PP No. 38/2007. Below is table of comparison of sectors/activity sectors of GHG emission reduction:

Table 19.Comparison of Division of Governmental Sectors- Affairs related to Green House Gas Emission Reduction Actions.

RAN GRK

1) Forestry and Peat Land Management Sectors

2) Agriculture Sector3) Energy and Transport Sectors4) Industry Sector5) Waste Management Sector

PP 38/2007*

1) Public Works2) Housing3) Spatial planning4) Development planning5) Transportation6) Environment7) Agriculture and food security8) Forestry9) Energy and mineral resources10) Industry

* Note : PP No. 38/2007 defines that there are 31 governmental affairs divided together inter governmen-tal arrangement. The list above only presents things related to the division in PP 38/2007, ICCSR, and RAN-GRK Draft.

Eventually, GHG emission reduction activities in RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK have some link with authorities and governmental affairs from each agency.

Law No.24 Year 2007 on Disaster Management, Law No.26 Year 2007 on Spatial planning and UU 32 Year 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management do not discuss in details the division of authorities, although disaster and environment are closely related with GH emission. Therefore, the reference to determining the responsible and implementing agency for GHG emission reduction utilizes Law No. 32/2004 on Local Government and PP No. 38/2007 on Division of Governmental Affairs Between the Central Government, Provincial Government, and District City Governments.


In PP No. 38/2007, all GHG emission reduction activity sectors in RAN-GRK are under governmental affairs that are divided together among levels and/or governmental structure8.

Table 20 shows the connection between the GHG emission reduction sector and governmental affairs division, as well as indicating classification of governmental affairs which are obligatory and optional for Provincial Governments and District/City Governments, depending on their respective regional characteristics.

Definition of ‘obligatory affairs’ is governmental affairs which must be administered by Provincial Governments and District/City Governments related to basic services9. Whereas, optional affairs are governmental affairs which really exist and can potentially increase people’s welfare according to the condition, uniqueness, and top potential of the relevant regions10.

Publ

ic W

orks

Waste Management

Obligatory Affairs

Governmental Affairs Division (PP No. 38 Year 2007)

SECTOR

Optional Affairs

Forestry and Peat Land Management

Agriculture

Energy and Transport

Industry

Hou

sing

Spat

ial P

lann

ing

Dev

elop

men

t Pla

nnin

g

Tran

spor

tatio

n

Envi

ronm

ent

Agric

ultu

re a

nd F

ood

Secu

rity

Fore

stry

Indu

stri

Ener

gy a

nd M

iner

al R

esou

rces

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Table 20.Connection

Between GHG Emission

Reduction Sector on RAN and

Governmental Affairs Division.

Source: Summarized from

PP No. 38 Year 2007.

In governmental affairs division, both obligatory and optional affairs, in general there are some criteria for consideration, namely externality, accountability,

8 See PP No. 38/2007 article 29 PP No. 38/2007, article 7, paragraph 110 PP No. 38/2007, article 7, paragraph 3


and efficiency by paying attention to the relationship among governmental levels and/or structures11. In practice, governmental affairs division will be very contextual and create difference between one period and another one, and between regions. Therefore, at technical arrangement for each sector, governmental affairs need to be done by looking at the arrangement conducted through ministry/non-departmental agency dealing with the governmental affairs.

In general, the Central Government through Ministers/Head of non-departmental Governmental Agencies has an authority for establishing norms, standards, procedures, and criteria (NSPK) for the implementation of obligatory and optional affairs. The NSPK then functions as a guideline for Provincial Governments and District/City Governments in implementing each of the obligatory and optional affairs. By division of authorities owned by Local Governments, mitigation options can be proposed as long as it they are still within the scope of the authorities.

Table 21 illustrates division of authorities for the Central Government, Provincial Governments and District/ City Governments based on PP No.38/2007.

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS

DISTRIC/CITYGOVERNMENTS

Table 21.Framework of Governmental Affairs Division.

11 PP No. 38/2007, article 4

a) Independent administration of governmental affairsb) Devolution of some governmental affairs to governors as

government’s representatives for deconcentrationc) Assignment of some governmental affairs to Local

Governments based on co-administration principle.

a) Independent administration of provincial governmental affairsb) Assignment of some governmental affairs to District/City

Governments based on co-administration principle

a) Independent administration of district/city governmental affairsb) Assignment of some governmental affairs to village

governments based on co-administration principle

RAD-GRK needs to be implemented in the institutional framework that is suitable and was previously established, and it is necessary to have understanding on distribution of authorities among governmental levels related to climate change. Basically, the central government has built a general policy complete with norms, standards, procedures, and criteria (NSPK) (Nurhadi, 2009). On the other hand, provincial governments that are the extended hands of the central government in regions have authorities for controlling the implementation of national policies and NSPK. However,


provincial governments also have a role in facilitating issues among districts/ cities. Whereas, in the decentralization context, different application to each sector will depend on the context of the sectoral needs.

For the context of institutional preparation at the local level, it must be understood about the impact on the arrangement of local apparatus organization, as mentioned in Article 12 Paragraph 2 of PP No. 38/2007 on Division of Governmental Affairs. Whereas, provisions on governance of the arrangement of local apparatus organizations need to be established in the framework regulated on PP No. 41/2007 on Local Apparatus Organizations.

Then, local emission reduction targets, established in Governor’s Regulation are targets of Heads of Regions assisted by local apparatus that can administer governmental affairs. According to PP No. 41/2007, local apparatus at the Provincial and District/City levels can take the forms of Local Secretariat, DPRD Secretariat, Local DInas, as well as Local Technical Agencies; plus, Subdistricts and Villages for Districts/ Cities.

Beside that, PP No. 41/2007 also mentions the existence of Local Planning and Development Agency and Local Inspectorate as types of local apparatus organizations needed for supporting the administration of governmental affairs.

In the context of governmental affairs execution related to GHG emission reduction (see Table 22), will be closely related to the development of local apparatus organizations, especially on the formulation of Key Tasks and Functions of a Local Dinas and/or Local Technical Agency, and related sub-organizations (in this case, the Technical Implementing Units).

Arrangement of local apparatus organizations in a region may vary, depending on respective regional characteristics and developmental plans. In the context of GHG emission reduction, PP No. 41/2007 regulates the size and classification of governmental affairs as foundation for establishment of local apparatus organization structure. (Chapter V of PP No. 41/2007).

Variables of the organizational size are more based on the aspect of population number and amount of Local Budget (APBD), so that they are less contextual to GHG emission reduction actions. To get connection between GHG emission reduction and local apparatus organization structure, it would be better if it is done through a search for connection between GHG emission reduction sectors regulated in RAN-GRK and classification of affairs as the foundation for establishing Local Dinas and/or Local Technical Agency regulated in PP No. 41/2007.


The following is a synthesis result between both things, as a foundation for Provincial Governments in evaluating and measuring implications which need to be considered in the institutional preparation for RAD-GRK implementation:

Health Sector

Classification of Affairs Put in Types of Local Dinas (Article 22, paragraph 4)

Mining and Energy Sector

GHG Emission Reduction Sectors (RAN GRK)

Division of Governmental Affairs Classification and Suitability with Local Apparatus Organizations (Article

22, PP No. 41/2007)*

Transportation, Communications, and Informatics Sectors

Classification of Affairs Put into Type of Agency, Office, Inspectorate, and Hospital (Article 22, Paragraph 5)

Public Works Sector (including bina marga/directorate general for highway construction and maintenance, water resource develop-ment, cipta karya/directorate for planning, housing and urban development and spatial planning)

Development Planning and Statistics Sector

Economy sector, including cooperatives and micro, small and medium, industry and trading

Environmental Sector

Land Affairs Service Sector

Food Security Sector

Agriculture sector including food crop, animal husbandry, land fisher-ies, marine affairs and fisheries, plantation and forestry

Was

te M

anag

emen

t

Fore

stry

and

Pea

t Lan

d

Agric

ultu

re

Ener

gy a

nd T

rans

port

Indu

stry

•

•

• • • • • •

• • • • •

•

• • • • •

• •

•

•

Table 22.Connection between GHG Emission Reduction Sector on RAN-GRK and Governmental Affairs Clasification (PP No. 41/2007).

* the mentioned classification of Governmental Affairs have been reduced according to the connection with the GHG emission reduction context - Source: Summarized from RAN GRK and PP No. 41/2007

Based on Table 22, in preparing institutional implementation, provincial governments can identify Local Dinas and/or Local Technical Agencies related to meeting point between governmental affairs classification and sectors regulated in RAN-GRK on GHG emission reduction. Therefore, all Local Dinas and/or Local Technical Agencies located in the sliced section between governmental affairs classification and sectors in RAN-GRK need to get involved starting from the planning year, implementation, control and evaluation of RAD-GRK activities.


7.6 Pre-Condition Institution: Activity Adjustment Among Governmental Levels

The following important measure for Provincial Governments to understand the pre-condition of the existing institutional framework is to adjust inter-level activities in GHG emission reduction. This is important to be carried out so that very local activities in provinces still contribute to emission reduction at the national level.

There are two principles in adjusting inter-governmental level activities:a) Consistency and integration to National Interest The guideline provides direction so that Provincial Governments can

accelerate local initiatives in GHG emission reduction with continued reference to documents and agenda at the national level. Thus, national GHG emission reduction targets (26% with its own efforts and 41% with international support) become the key reference for Provincial Governments both in the interests in control and evaluation.

b) Integration with Developmental Agenda at the Provincial Level In general, efforts to integrate targets and national policies at the local

level will face challenges, especially because regions have had their own developmental agenda and priorities. Therefore, GHG emission reduction cannot be separated from earlier provincial developmental plans.

In line with both principles, the following are some measures to adjust inter-governmental level interests in GHG emission reduction, namely:1) Analysis on target, policy, program and action at the national level directly

related to GHG emission sources in the province. 2) Analysis and inventory of provincial developmental plans defined in Local

Long-Term and Medium Term Development Plan (RPJPD and RPJMD).3) Analysis and understanding of results of local GHG emission-level

research (inventory) and recommendations for the emission reduction targets.

4) Analysis of suitability and connection between local development plans and GHG emission reduction location priorities defined on national plans.

5) Identification of needs for provincial action based on direction from national plans that are not yet mentioned in provincial development plans.

6) Decision making on substance where of provincial and national development plans are contradictory.


7.7 Local Mitigation Scope

7.7.1 Mitigation Scope Group by Sector

Based on central-local authorities, local characteristics and potential as well as technical aspects on emission scope produced in regions (emission boundary), it is necessary to make divisions or classification on the scope that potentially reduces provincial GHG emissions (scoping) , namely: Mixed Scope, Local Scope, and National Scope.

The division is earmarked for giving clarity on authorities and ownership of programs/activities for the implementation of local GHG emission mitigation actions, as well as for avoiding double counting of emissions.

a. Mixed ScopeMixed scope is where it is difficult to divide central and local authorities. The central government has authority in the mixed scope, even though GHG emission source and potential are in the region. For this reason, local support for realizing implementation of national policies in the region is still reasonably large. Therefore, the mixed scope involves shared coordination between the Central Government and Local Governments, for instance in the preparation for baseline and mitigation action proposals. Sectors included in the mixed scope category are forestry, peat land and agriculture.

b. Local ScopeIn local scope, Local Governments (Provincial and also District/City) have local GHG emission potential and sources, as well as full authorities both administrative and technical, for example for developing BAU baseline, mitigation scenarios and mitigation action proposals. Sectors included in the local scoping group are garbage and water waste, small and medium industries (IKM), and land transport.

c. National ScopeIn national scope, authorities are still in the hand of the Central Government (related Ministry/Agency) including GHG emission sources and potential which is cross boundary, as well as mobile GHG emission sources. Therefore the Central Government can initiate policies, programs and mitigation activities that have a wide spectrum basis. In this instance, the local role is limited to provision of initial data and information in the BAU baseline development or in the implementation phase. Sectors included in the national scope are power energy (on-grid), land, sea and air transport systems, and large-scale industries.


Based on the scope, Provincial Governments including District/City Governments can identify and determine what sectors can potentially produce GHG emissions according to the owned characteristics and authorities. Of course, coordination with the Central Government through related Ministry/Agency or working groups is still needed to avoid work duplication.

Grouping of scopes along with information related to national and local institutional engagement in RAN-RAD-GRK development can be illustrated in Table 23 below.

Sector Scope

1. Forestry, Peat Land and Agriculture

2. Energy, Transport, Industry

3. Waste

National (related Ministry/Agency)

- Authority in managing conserved forests, production forests (depending on the scale)

- National forestry and agriculture policy and program

- National policy on RTRWN, TGHK, RKTN, RPJMN

- Auhtority in planning power plants and national power network management of PLN (on-grid)

- Authority in managing National Transport System (inter-provinces) which includes land, sea and air transport

- Large industrial group management

- Fully involved in all RAN-GRK phases

- National waste management policy and program

Provincial (Related Local Apparatus Organization/OPD)

- Authority in managing production forests, protected forests

(depending on the scale),

- Suitability of national policy and program with RTRWP, TGHK, RKTN, RPJMD

- Special authority for individual power plant and having separated network from PLN (off-grid)

- Provincial land transport system management (inter district/city)

- Suggested management: small and medium industries (IKM)

- Coordination for management of industry-produced and domestic waste from District/city

District/City(Related OPD)

- Authority in managing production forests, protected forests (depending on the scale)

- Suitability of national policy and program with RTRWK, TGHK, RKTN, RPJMD

- Special authority for individual power plant and having separated network from PLN (off-grid)

- District/city road system management

- Suggested management: small and medium industries(IKM)

- Management of industry-produced and domestic waste

Table 23.Matrix of Local

Mitigation Scope.

In principle, the matrix gives brief information on examples of directions for Provincial Governments and District/City Governments to select which sectors can potentially reduce GHG emissions based on the local authorities and characteristics (see the column in colours in Table 23: the light green colour for mixed authority, pink colour for central authority, and light blue colour for local authority)


Then, the next sub-chapter will discuss how far local role and involvement in planning and conducting GHG emission reduction activities in the respective regions.

7.8 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction in the Forestry, Peat Land, and Agriculture Sectors

7.8.1 Baseline Development

Local governments must establish baseline according to the framework and methodology set out by related technical ministries. The central government must also identify maps and land use classification, review the national land use framework adjusted to IPCC Guideline 2006, conduct satellite image analysis by using a “wall to wall system” and interpret historical data on land use conversion at a national level.

Institutions at the local level which must be involved in baseline establishment are Spatial planning Dinas, Forestry Dinas, Plantation Dinas, Agriculture Dinas, BPLDH and Bappeda as well as related ministry’s UPT (Technical Implementing Unit).

In establishing the baseline for this sector, local governments also need socio-economic data from provincial and district/city level Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and data on land use conversion actors. The data can be prepared by Working Groups (Pokja) formed at the Provincial level and supported by District/City governments, namely from Business Permit Dinas, Forestry Dinas, Agriculture Dinas, Public Works Dinas and Spatial planning Dinas.

The data is required for projecting future land use conversion by considering developmental plans.

Information on land use conversion and its causes can be communicated by National Working Groups for development of the national integrated baseline.

The above data and information can be used as basic assumptions for developing baselines (national and provincial). For methodologies that can be used for establishing land-based sector baselines, please refer to section 4.2.1.

7.8.2 Mitigation Scenario

The role of Provincial Working Groups in preparing mitigation scenarios is to coordinate feedbacks prepared by District/City Working Groups, such as


activities that potentially reduce GHG or supporting activities, mitigation costs for each program/activity, etc. Then they develop various mitigation scenarios consisting of the possible actions to be undertaken.

7.8.3 Mitigation Action Proposals

Provincial Governments, especially land-based sector Working Groups coordinate development of mitigation action proposals based on the mitigation scenarios that are most suitable to local characteristics and capacity.

7.8.4 Measurement, Reporting and Verification

Provincial Governments, specifically Bappeda, are tasked with coordinating (collecting) mitigation action implementation reports performed by implementing agencies in various Districts/Cities. Then the compiled reports are submitted to Bappenas.

Implementing agencies/organizations at the District/City level are from both governmental and non-governmental elements such as Forestry Dinas, Plantation Dinas, and Agricultural Dinas or business actors and related NGOs. In principle, they have such tasks as implementing mitigation actions, measuring and recording GHG emission reduction from each completed mitigation action, recording the flow and amount of funds used, recording co-benefits or negative impacts (if any) and capacity and institutional building programs. Results of the task implementation are reported to Bappeda.

Related to the tasks, process and reports on each mitigation action implementation done at the Provincial (and also district/city) level are ready for verification by an Independent Audit Agency.

7.9 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction in The Power Energy Sector

The local governments’ roles in GHG emission reduction efforts for power sector are focused on the energy use management sub-sector for power consumed by various buildings/constructions and road lamp facilities owned and managed by various local government agencies (demand side management). The management can and must be done by local governments as a form of contribution to power saving efforts, as well as a real example to wider society.


Included in other governmental building/construction category are offices, dinas/agency facilities, subdistrict offices, village offices, schools, hospitals/ community health centers, DPRD (Local Parliament) buildings, BUMD (Locally-Owned Enterprises) buildings and facilities and Public Service Agencies, etc. Whereas, those included in road lamp facilities are PJU (public road lighting), traffic lights and park lights.

In particular, local governments (Provincial and District/City) can be involved in some activities related to RAD-GRK planning and implementation, such as:


District/City Government Working Groups (district/city working group) of the Energy sector, consisting of ESDM (Energy and Mineral Resources) Dinas, PJU (public road lighting) , PLN Branch Offices, are formed to record and collect data on the number of yearly power energy use from all buildings/ constructions, road lights/ traffic lights/ park lights owned and managed by Local Governments and buildings/facilities owned by the public/business actors, for example the number of power use for 2005-2010. The notes will be used for developing District/City baseline (in KW/KWh unit).

From this, Provincial Working Groups for the Power Sector coordinated by ESDM Dinas, PJU and PLN Branch Offices combine an energy use baseline from District/City Governments into provincial baselines (in KW/KWh unit). Then the results will be submitted to the National Working Group for the Energy Sector, coordinated by the Ministry of ESDM and PLN, to be combined nationally and converted into CO2e unit. This needs to be done because the national power plant system characteristics consisting of various mixed primary energy sources which have individual emission factor specifications, while the produced power energy is channelled into an integrated PLN network system (on-grid network) located in several regions in Indonesia.

7.9.2 Mitigation Action Proposal Development

District/City Working Groups for the Energy sector develop and propose activities related to power saving efforts for buildings, road lights/ traffic lights/ park lights owned by the regions, as well as constructions/facilities owned by the public/ business actors, for example the use of energy-saving lamps for buildings, LED lamps for road lights, etc.

Then, Provincial Working Groups will combine activities related to power saving from the District/City into provincial mitigation action proposals (mentioned in RAD-GRK document ). The proposals can be submitted to the


national government through the National Working Group for Power Energy Sector for further process in order to get support and funding based on the criteria of cost effectiveness and produced energy (in CO2e unit).


Provincial governments namely Bappeda are tasked with coordinating (collecting) mitigation action implementation reports conducted by implementing agencies in several Districts/Cities. Then the compiled reports are submitted to Bappenas.

Implementing agencies/organizations at the District/City level both from governmental and non-governmental elements such as ESDM Dinas, PLN Regional Offices, or business actors and related NGOs. In principle, they have such tasks as implementing mitigation actions, measuring and recording GHG emission reduction from each mitigation action done. The important factor to record is total reduction in power capacity (in KW/KWh) and cost of carrying out such actions. Results of the task implementation are reported to Bappeda.

With regard to the tasks, process and reports on each completed mitigation action at the Provincial (and also district/city) level are ready for verification by an Independent Audit Agency.

7.10 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction in the Land Transport sector


In the baseline development with a bottom-up approach, Provincial and District Governments have important roles in providing data such as data on all activities. Transportation dinas and related agencies collaborate with vehicles repair shops in providing data on annual vehicle distance travelled. Beside that, Transportation Dinas at the District/City level can also become data sources for information on passangers travelled (number of transported passangers/ passenger-km). Provincial Governments, in this case the relevant agencies, can provide data on the number of vehicles per type and the number of urban and non-urban vehicles in Provinces and Districts/Cities. Whereas, data on the population (urban and non urban) along with its projection can be provided by Provincial and City/District Governments especially BPS and Bappeda.


Transportation Dinas can also become a data provider for modal share/split (distribution/modal), load factor (passenger for tones/vkm), provide information on modal energy intensity and on-road impact. In addition, Transportation Dinas and Bina Marga at the provincial and district/city levels prepare data on transportation policy and road infrastructure developments.

Apart from providing data, local governments can be involved in the GHG emission calculation process. District/City Transportation Dinas develop BAU baselines for each District/City, whereas, the Transportation Dinas at the provincial level can combine District/City BAU baselines.

7.10.2 Mitigation Scenario

In the mitigation scenario development process, Transportation Dinas at the Provincial and District.City levels can provide data on RPJMD and Strategic Plans for the Transport Sector and some related regulations. Then, it identifies types of policies, planning, regulations, economy, information and technologies as well as levels of stakeholders, at the national, provincial or District/City levels that involve Working Groups coordinated by Provincial level Transportation Dinas. In the next phase, Transportation Dinas at the District/City level will conduct arrangement prioritisation process for emission mitigation scenarios at District/City levels, whereas, the provincial government’s role, especially the Transportation Dinas, combines the emissions mitigation scenarios for submission (through Provincial Bappeda) to the Ministry of Transportation that will in turn combine provincial projected mitigation scenario levels projection national scenario emission levels. The Ministry of Transportation will also provide tools (for example ASIF – see sub chapter 4.2.4), as well as develop proper capacities in the regions.

7.10.3 Mitigation Action Proposal

At the mitigation action proposal phase, Working Groups coordinated by the Provincial Transportation Dinas estimate the amountof emission reduction from each potential actions selected individually and in combination by using the ASI (Avoid-Shift-Improve) method (ICCSR, 2010) and from IPCC. Then they provide data on the results of analysis on cost effectiveness, political acceptability, technological feasibility, long term impact and sectoral appropriateness which are used for evaluating the appropriateness of the selected potential actions.

In the meantime, at the District/City level, working groups coordinated by Transportation Dinas develop mitigation action proposals to be combined by provincial working groups coordinated by Transportation Dinas. Then, these


combined mitigation action proposals can be submitted (through Provincial Bappeda) to the National Working Group for follow-up actions.


Provincial governments, namely Bappeda, are tasked with coordinating (collecting) mitigation action implementation reports conducted by implementing agencies in several Districts/Cities. Then, the compiled reports are submitted to Bappenas.

Implementing agencies/organizations at the District/City level are from both governmental and non-governmental elements such as Transportation Dinas, or business actors and related NGOs. In principle, they have such tasks as implementing mitigation actions, measuring and recording GHG emissions reduction from each completed mitigation action, recording the flow of funds used, recording co-benefits or negative impacts (if any) and capacity and institutional building program . Results of the task implementation are reported to Bappeda.

With respect to the tasks, process and reports on each mitigation action implementation done at the Provincial (an also district/city) level are ready for verification by an Independent Audit Agency.

7.11 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction in the Industry Sector

The role of local governments in GHG emission reduction efforts for the Industry sector is focused on data collection for local and national BAU baseline development, local mitigation action proposals, monitoring and reporting of each action conducted by local industrial actors.


District/City Working Groups (Pokja) for Industry sectors (which consist of Industry Dinas, LH/Environment, ESDM/Energy and Mineral Resources, BPKMD and BPS ) support Provincial Working Groups for collecting data on the number of industries according to the type and scale, specific data by company, for example name, location, factory age, current and future production capacity according to the product type (tons of products/year), current and future annual average capacity use (%) or production (tons of products/year).


Then the data will be processed by Provincial Working Groups to develop Provincial Baselines and the results are submitted (by Bappeda) to the National Working Group for Industry Sector (which consists of Ministry of Industry, BKPM (Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board), BPS, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and Industrial Associations) to be combined into the national Industry sector baseline.

To avoid double counting, it is advised that Provincial Working Groups develop baseline for small and medium-scaled industry (IKM), groups while the National Working Group prepares a baseline for large-scaled industrial groups.


At the mitigation action proposal phase, District/City working groups can propose mitigation actions that can potentially reduce GHG emissions to Provincial Working Groups who will then submit them (by Bappeda) to the National Working Group for review and further selection.

In the selection process, the National Working Group can also receive inputs from the regions on the ease of implementation of each mitigation action, political and commercial acceptability, and cross-cutting impacts as well as easeof measurement, reporting and verification.


Provincial governments, namely Bappeda, are tasked with coordinating (collecting) mitigation action implementation reports conducted by implementing agencies in several Districts/Cities. Then the compiled reports are submitted to Bappenas.

Implementing agencies/organizations at the District/City level are from both governmental and non-governmental elements such as Industry Dinas, or business actors and related NGOs. In principle, they have such tasks as implementing mitigation actions, measuring and recording GHG emission reduction from each completed mitigation action, recording the flow of funds used, recording co-benefits or negative impacts (if any) and capacity and institutional building program . Results of the task implementation are reported to Bappeda.

With respect to the tasks, process and reports on each mitigation action implementation performed at the Provincial (and also district/city) level are ready for verification by an Independent Audit Agency.


7.12 Local Engagement with GHG Emission Reduction in Domestic Solid Waste Sector

The roles and involvement of local governments in GHG emission reduction efforts for the domestic solid waste (garbage) sector are very significant, such as developing baselines, develop mitigation action proposals, implementing monitoring and reporting. The following paragraphs will explain the details of each phase.


In this phase, District/City Working Groups for the Garbage Sector coordinated by Sanitation Dinas and Public Works (PU) Dinas can develop District/City level baselines. The results will be combined by Provincial Working Groups into provincial level baselines. Then the National Working Group, coordinated by Ministry of Public Works develops and combines provincial baselines into a National Baseline. In addition, the National Working Group is obliged to provide a capacity building program to Provincial and District/City Working Groups to use a methodology for the calculation of waste-generated GHG emission to develop the baselines, for example from the IPCC guideline book by using assumptions of garbage pile growth and composition change based on a common agreement. The BAU Baseline is being developed, starting from year 2010 to year 2020.


The phases of mitigation action proposal development for the domestic garbage sector start from District/City Working Groups that submit a list of proposals to Provincial Working Groups for combination into a provincial list of mitigation action proposals. The results are submitted by Bappeda to the National Working Group for garbage sector/ Bappenas for further selection into a list of national mitigation actions. Other information such as abatement cost for each mitigation action proposals, number of GHG emissions produced from mitigation actions must also be included.


Provincial governments, namely Bappeda, are tasked with coordinating (collecting) mitigation action implementation reports conducted by implementing agencies in several Districts/Cities. Then the compiled reports are submitted to Bappenas.


Implementing agencies/organizations at the District/City level are from both governmental and non-governmental elements such as Public Works Dinas, BPLHD (Local Environmental Management Board), or business actors and related NGOs. In principle, they have such tasks as implementing mitigation actions, measuring and recording GHG emission reduction from each mitigation action done, recording the flow of funds used, recording co-benefits or negative impacts (if any) and capacity and institutional building program. Results of the task implementation are reported to Bappeda.

With respect to the tasks, process and reports on each mitigation action implementation done at the Provincial (and also district/city) level are ready for verification by an Independent Audit Agency.

7.13 Local Mitigation Action Proposals

By using information on Policies and Authorities owned by the regions in GHG emission reduction efforts and information on local mitigation scope, Provincial Governments can identify and make a list of mitigation action proposals for the sectors that can be implemented in the regions.

Put more simply, the process starts from the scope definition, i.e. sectors to be selected based on the results of analysis of local characteristics, potential and authorities. Then a list of mitigation action proposals is developed, consisting of key and supporting activities, which potentially reduce GHG emissions based on an analysis degree to which each action is appropriate (see Chapter 4). The process for proposing, mitigation action is illustrated simply in Figure 29.

Scope of Local Mitigation• Characteristics

• Potential• Authority

Selection of Mitigation Sectors Such as:• Forestry

• Agriculture• Garbage Affairs

Mitigation Action Proposals• Key Activities

• Supporting Activities

FIgure 29.Sectoral Mitigation Action Proposing Process.


Some examples of sectoral mitigation action proposals that can be submitted by Local Governments are:1. Forestry Sector

a. Peat Land Ecosystem Damage Managementb. Forest Fire Managementc. Forest and/or burned critical land conservation through incentive funds

to the communityd. Others

2. Agriculture Sectora. Application of Non-Burning Land Opening (PLTB) through compost,

charcoal and charcoal briquet productionb. Plantation area development (oil palm, rubber, cacao) in non-forest

land/abandoned land/degraded land (APL) c. Utilization of organic fertilizers and bio-pesticide/bio-agents in cultivation

of food crop for controlling GHG emission rated. Others

3. Garbage Affairs Sectora. Utilization of waste resulted from land opening for compost makingb. Garbage management in TPAS from open dumping into controlled

landfills in small and medium cities; sanitary landfills in large and metropolitan cities.

c. Increase in garbage gas management methods (landfill gas – LFG) through collection and burning or through application of energy recovery system.

d. Others


8. CLOSING

The guideline for Implementing Action Plans for Green House Gas Emission Reduction (RAN-RAD-GRK) that has been established constitutes a reference for the Central Government and Local Governments, economic actors and the public in conducting the planning, administration/implementation, monitoring, evaluation and control over GHG emission reduction activities in order to tackle global climate change.

To support the implementation of RAN-GRK review and facilitation to Local Governments in RAD-GRK development, Bappenas will form a secretariat which will become a center for information and consultation on technical issues.

Then Bappenas will also establish Working Groups that will complete the calculation and analysis of technical matters related to RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK. The working groups to be established are:• Agriculture Sector Working Group• Forestry and Peat Land Sector Working Group• Energy and Transport Sector Working Group• Industry Sector Working Group• Waste Sector Working Group• Support Sector Working Group


Peat land Ecosystem Damage Management

Development of Standard Criteria for Peat Land Ecosystem Damage

Facilitation and Implementation of forest rehabilitation in priority Watersheds (DAS)

Facilitation of critical land rehabilitation in priority watersheds (DAS)

Facilitation of urban forest development

Improvement of Forest Management Unit (Establishment of KPHK/Conserved Forest Management Unit areas)

Forest and Critical Land Rehabilitation, Forest Reclamation in Priority Watershedsa. Facilitation of mangrove, peat and swampy forests rehabilitation

Spatial Planning Controla. Establishment of KPHK (Conserved Forest Management Unit) areas

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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√

PP No.38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Land and Forest Rehabilitation Planning Sub-Sector, including Mangrove Forest. Page 753


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Urban Forest Sub-Sector (National: Establishing Norms and Standards, Provinces Monitoring and Evaluating, Cities/Districts Implementing Development and Management). page 757

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, KPHK Unit Management Plan Sub-Sector (Provinces and Districts/Cities only provides technical considerations). Page 746


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, KPHK Unit Management Plan Sub-Sector (Provinces and Districts/Cities only provides technical considerations). Page 746

No. Program

Implementer Remarks

National Provincial District/CIty

Table 1Example of Forestry Sector Mitigation Action Proposals

ANNEX 1List of Mitigation Action Proposals Based on Sectors and Authorities


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


Handling of Encroachment on peat land forest areas

Forest Fire Management

Demonstration Activities

Development of Master Plan for Provincial Peat Ecosystem Management. (inputs of RTRWP/Provincial Spatial Plans )

Inventorying and mapping of peat ecosystem hydrologic unit

Inventorying and mapping of peat ecosystem characteristics

Improvement, rehabilitation and maintenance of swamp reclamation network (including the existing peaty land).

Accelerated Establishment of Local Regulation on Provincial and District/City Spatial Plans (RTRW) based on Strategic Environmental Study (KLHS)

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forest Protection Sub-Sector (The program includes forest protection activities). Page 760



PP No. 38 Year 2007 Spatial planning Sector, Planning Development sub-sector (Provincial scaled RTRWP). Page 161

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forest Inventory, Sub-Sector (but not specific to peat, provinces and cities as inventorying parties). Page 737

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forest Inventory, Sub-Sector (but not specific to peat, provinces and cities as inventorying parties). Page 737


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Spatial planning Sector, Planning Development sub-sector (Provincial scaled RTRWP). Page 161

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

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No. Program

Implementer Remarks


Peat land Management for Sustainable Agriculture

Rehabilitation, reclamation and revitalization of abandoned and degraded peat lands in agricultural areas

Conservation of Forests and/burned critical land through incentives fund to the community

Rehabilitation of Burned critical land through wood plants growing

Facilitation of establishment of community forests’ working areas and management (HKm)

Facilitating the development of community forests under partnership

Facilitating the establishment of village forest working areas

Eradication of illegal logging, Wood Loss Prevention

Handling of Forest Encroachment and Handling of Protected and Conserved Area Conflicts

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Grand Forest Park Management Sub-Sector (does not regulate peat land specifically ,for national, it is added by making NSPK (Norms, Standards, Procedures and Criteria). Page 753




Granting forest management permits to the community, provinces coordinate with perhutani (state’s forestry company)

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Grand Forest Park Management Sub-Sector (National, added with the NSPK development). Page 751

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forest Management Area Establishment (National, arranging NSPK, provinces, cities/districts considering them). Page 740



17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24

25

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No. Program

Implementer Remarks


Improvement of Forest Management Unit(Establishment of KPHP/Production Forest Management Unit areas)

Improvement of Forest Management Unit(establishment of KPHL/Protected Forest Management Unit)

Improvement of Production Natural Forest Management Through SFMa. Natural Forest Management with IUPHHK-RE (Wood Forest Product Utilization Business Permit- Ecosystem Restoration)

Improvement of Plantation Forest Management:a. Increase in planting areas for Plantation Forests (Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI)/ People’s Plantation Forest(HTR))

Development of PerpresOn National Strategic Area (KSN) & Spatial Plans (RTR) of Islands

Development of Spatial Plans for River Basins

Spatial planning audit (stock taking) of provincial regions

Data collection and information on Spatial Planning Sector





PP No. 38 Year 2007 Spatial planning Sector, Planning Development Sub-Sector (only national authority because of national strategic areas). Page 161

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Spatial Planning Sector, Planning Development Sub-Sector (for regions that have Watersheds/DAS). Page 161

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Spatial planning Sector, Supervision Sub-sector (Audit is one of the supervisory forms). Page 166

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Spatial planning Sector, Development sub-sector (based on respective scales). Page 159

26

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

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√

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No. Program

Implementer Remarks


Monitoring and Evaluation of National and Insular RTRW (Spatial Plans) and National Infrastructure Program

Increased unit number of IUPHHK (Wood Forest Product Use Business Permit) with PHPL (Sustainable Production Forest Management) certificates from Year 200

Increased Felling Production with Timber-Legality certification

Development of Reserve Working Area Map (IUPHHK-HT (Plantation Forest), HA (Natural Forest), RE (Ecosystem Restoration), HKm (Community Forest), HTR (People Plantation Forest) and Village Forests)

Control over Forest Area Use

Settlement of Request for Forest Area Use Permit with PNBP (Non-Tax State Revenue) compensation

Data and Information of Forest Area Use

Policy on Planology sector and Regulation on control and curb of Forest Area Use without permits

Forest Area Release

The program is a national program

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Outer Boundary Demarcation of Working Areas for Production Forest Use Business Unit sub-sector (Provinces, added with supervising and national with making NSPK). Page 743



PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Development and Control over Forestry Sector. Page 762

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forest Area Use sub-sector. Page 750

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forestry Information Sub-sector (Numerics and Spatial). Page 750


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forest Management Plans sub-sector.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

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√


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forestry Information System sub-sector (Numerics and spatial). Page 750

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forestry Information System sub-sector (Numerics and spatial). Page 750

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Research and Development sub-sector. Page 761


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Sub-Sector of Local Community Empowerment inside and around Forests (National, establishing criteria, provinces monitoring and evaluation, and Cities/districts implementing). Page 756

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forest Protection Sub Sector (the program includes forest protection activities). Page 760

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Sub Sector of Designation of Production Forest, Protected Forest, Nature Reserve, and Hunting Park Areas. Page 738


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Spatial Planning Sector, Supervision Sub sector (National supervising National, Provinces, City/Districts; Provinces supervising provinces, cities/districts; Cities/Districts supervising Cities/Districts). Page 166

Data and information on Forest Area carbon Use at the national level

Integrated database on forestry resources spatial

Research on and Development of Forestry and Climate Change

Basic and applied science and technology on forest landscape, climate change and forestry policy

Increased capacity of Apparatus and Communities

Settlement of forest encroachment cases

Establishment of KPHK (Conserved Forest Management Unit) Areas

Regulations on Forest Management Unit (KPH) Administration

Supervision on spatial use and evaluation on spatial use based on environmental support capacity and accommodating capacity that are integrated and cross-Ministry/Agency

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49

50.

51.

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No. Program

Implementer Remarks


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Spatial Planning Sector, Planning Development sub-sector (only national authorities because of national strategic areas). page 161

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry sector, Forest Protection Sub-Sector (the program includes forest protection activities). Page 760

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry sector, Forest Protection Sub-Sector (the program includes forest protection activities). Page 760

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Forestry Sector, Forest Management Plans Sub-Sector






Development of Perpres on National Strategic Area (KSN) & Insular Spatial Plans (RTR)

Avoiding planned deforestation on peat land (for example land swap).

Avoiding unplanned deforestation

Sustainable forest management

Improving peat management in forest land

Improving management of national conserved park and protected forests

Improving logging concession management, for example RIL.

Conserving carbon-reserve forests

Agricultural land management

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60

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Sources : RAN-GRK, NAMAs development for Landbased NAMAs (draft)


Use of organic fertilizers and bio-pesticide in plants cultivation to prevent GHG emission increase through the use of Organic Fertilizer Processing Device

Non-burning land preparation and optimized land use

Use of cattle’s manure/urine and agricultural waste for biogas, bio-fuel and organic fertilizers

Application of plant cultivation technologies for GHG reduction

Repairs and Maintenance of Irrigation System

Application of non-burning land opening (PLTB) through making of composts, charcoal, and charcoal briquet

Research on Water management system in irrigation areas

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

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PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture Sub-Sector, Fertilizer Sub-Sub Sector (National, establishing policies, provinces monitoring and districts/cities conduct guidance). Page 646

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Section, Food Crop Sub-Sector and Horticulture, Agricultural Land Sub-Sub-Sector (based on area scale). Page 643

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture Sub-Sector, Fertilizer Sub-Sub Sector (based on area scale). Page 646

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Support Sub-Sector, Research and Development of Agricultural Technology Sub-Sub-Sector. Page 731

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture Sub-Sector, Irrigation Water sub-sub-sector. Page 646

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture Sub-Sector, Agricultural Land Sub-Sub-Sector (based on area scale). Page 643

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture Sub-Sector, Irrigation Water sub-sub-sector. Page 646

No. Program

Implementer Remarks


Table 2Example of Mitigation Action Proposals for Agriculture Sector


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Research on GHG emission reduction methods in Reservoirs

Research and development of low-emission technologies, MRV methodology for agriculture sector

Plantation area development (oil palm, rubber, cacao) in non-forest land, abandoned land/degraded land (APL)

Application of non-burning land opening/preparation through coaching on land

Reduction of deforestation through land optimalizationUse of organic fertilizers and bio-pesticide /bio-agents in food crop cultivation to reduce GHG emissions

Development of food crop cultivation with TOT to reduce GHG emissions

Coordination meeting on land/plantation fire control

Seeds incentive for farmers/plantation actors that apply PLTB/Non-

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PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Support Sub-Sector, Research and Development of Agricultural Technology Sub-Sub-Sector (National, establishing policies on research priorities). Page 731

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Support Sub-Sector, Research and Development of Agricultural Technology Sub-Sub-Sector.

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Plantation Sub-Sector, Plantation Land Sub-Sub-Sector. Page 661



PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture Sub-Sector, Fertilizer Sub-Sub-Sector (based on area scale). Page 646




No. Program

Implementer Remarks


16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

Burning Land Opening (rubber, oil palm)

Training on fire control

Procurement of PLTB tools (tractors and mulcher)

Additional expansion of oil palm area on non-forest land (APL)

Additional expansion of rubber area on non-forest land (APL)

Additional expansion of cacao area on non-forest land (APL)

Use of organic fertilizers and bio-pesticide /bio-agents in food crop cultivation to reduce GHG emissions

Integrated system development for cattle-plants

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PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture (based on area scale)


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture Sub-Sector

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector (based on area scale).

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector (based on area scale).

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture Sub-Sector, Fertilizer Sub-Sub-Sector (based on area scale). Page 646

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Agriculture Sector, Food Crop and Horticulture Sub-Sector (based on area scale).

Source : RAN-GRK, ICCSR


Development of technical policy on CO2 emission reduction in industries

Facilitation and incentive for development of low-carbon and environmentally friendly technologies in Industries

Conservation and Audit of Industrial Energy

Elimination of Ozone Destructing Materials (BPO) and its implementation in refrigerant, foam, chiller and fire-Extinguishing industries

Green Industry roadmap development and its implementation

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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PP No. 38 Year 2007 Environment Sector, Environmental Control Sub-Sector, Climate Change and Atmosphere Protection sub-sub-sector. Page 304

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Environment Sector, Environmental Control Sub-Sector, Sub-Sub-Sector No.17 on Climate Change and Atmosphere Protection (National, Provinces, Districts/Cities can establish policies on implementation of environmental impact control based on the respective scales). Page 304


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Environment Sector, Environmental Control Sub-Sector, Climate Change and Atmosphere Protection Sub-Sub-Sector. Page 304


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


Table 3Examples of Mitigation Action Proposals for Industry Sector


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Capacity building for governmental apparatus and industrial actors

Facilitation and granting of incentives for Industrial Waste Management Industry Development

Inventory of CO2 emission potential in Industry sector

Monitoring and evaluation of mitigation programs

Conservation and Energy Audit Program

CO2 emission roadmap development in industry sector

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PP No. 38 Year 2007, Industry Sector, HRD Sub-Sector


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Environment Sector, Environmental Control Sub-Sector, Sub-Sub-Sector No.17 on Climate Change and Atmosphere Protection (National, Provinces, Districts/Cities can establish policies on implementation of environmental impact control, before developing programs, inventory needs to be done in the first place). Page 304

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Industry Sector, Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Sub-Sector


Conducted by Environment Sector, see ICCSR



No. Program

Implementer Remarks


Table 4Examples of Mitigation Action Proposals For Energy Sector

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Energy audit

Increased household connection with natural gas through pipes

Energy-saving lamps program

Provision and Management of New renewable energy and energy conservation

Biogas Use

Construction of LPG mini plant refinery

Post-mining land reclamation

Monitoring of gas burning (flaring) volume reduction policy

Monitoring of natural gas supply for upstream consumers and preparation for recommendation of natural gas allocation

Provision and management of new renewable energy and energy conservation

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PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM sector, Electricity Power sub-sector (National establishes policies). Page 777

PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM sector, Petroleum and Gas sub-sector (Implementation based on area scale). Page 784

PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM Sector, Electricity Power Sub-Sector (Implementation based on area scale). Page 777

PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM Sector, Electricity Power Sub-Sector (Implementation based on area scale). Page 777


PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM sector, Electricity Power sub-sector (National granting permits, districts/cities providing recommended locations). Pages 782 and 784

PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM Sector, Electricity power sub-sector (Implementation based on area scale). Page 768



PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM Sector, Electricity power sub-sector (Implementation based on area scale). Page 768


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

Provision of geothermal and ground water regulations

Research on ocean waves and current-generated power plant system

Dissemination on energy efficiency to the public through media

Developing arrangement on energy and power at urban level

Power tariff arrangement for PKUK (Indonesian Power Company) and IUKU (Electricity Supply Company for Public Interest) whose permits are at the urban level;

Issuance of permits for preparing independent power plant, that the installation is within the city administration including permit for selling over-production power;

Local Regulation on Public Companies (circulars) on operational/working hours for energy efficiency in public/ commercial buildings and offices (for example, CFL lamps, Air Condition, etc) in big cities;

Replacement of road lamps and park lamps for efficiency – lamps in several cities;

Dissemination on energy efficiency to the public through media in most cities;

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PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM Sector, Mineral, Coal, Geothermal, and Ground Water Sub-Sector (Implementation based on area scale). Page 763


PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM Sector, Electricity power sub-sector (Implementation based on area scale).






PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM Sector, Electricity power sub-sector (Implementation based on area scale)


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


20.

21.

22.

23.

Initiation of solar panels in some cities

Conducting cross-cutting researches on impacts of the most effective cost approach to reduce CO2 emissions. This is likely to identify some experiments that can help determine the best way to meet CO2 emission reduction target in Java – Bali and relatively for other mitigation sectors

Put into procedures to ensure that new technologies are available on time and when needed.

Ensure that technological options will be asked for adjusting to mixed-low-carbon technologies. It may include agreeing the timeframe for introduction of new power, producing capacity into the existing mixed power plant capacity.

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PP No. 38 Year 2007 ESDM Sector, Petroleum and Gas sub-sector (Implementation based on area scale). Page 784



Source : RAN-GRK, PAKLIM, ICCSR


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


Table 5Examples of Mitigation Action Proposals for Transport Sector

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Use of Natural Gas as fuel for urban public transport

Construction of ITS (Intelligent Transport System)

Application of Traffic Impact Control/TIC

Bandung Urban Rail Development (double track, electrification, Electric Rail provision)

Parking Management

Congestion Charging and Road Pricing (combined with rapid massive public transport)

Reformed Transit System (BRT/semi BRT) Bus Rapid Transport

Construction of double Track (including electrification)

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PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (National as guideline developer). Page 181

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (National as guideline developer). Page 191

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (guideline is developed by national and implementation is according to area scale). Page 182 and 192

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Rail Affairs Sub-Sector (Based on area scale and related to PT KAI). Page 215

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (Guideline is at national, whereas permit granting is at city/district). Page 182

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (guideline is developed by national and implementation is according to area scale). Page 183 and 191

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (Guideline is at national, whereas permit granting is at province/city/district). Page 181

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Rail Affairs Sub-Sector (Implementation based on area scale). Pages 209 and 210


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Provision of Electric Rails (KRL)

CO2 emission standard for motorized vehicles

Vehicles Tax (based on CO2 emissions)

Construction, upgrading, and preservation of roads

Urban guideline development, transport construction/planning including rules on land use, bicycling infrastructures and pedestrian zone. Application of traffic impact control (TIC) in urban development areas

Introduction on modern logistic platform for business district area limits

Developing consultation and agreement to transport policies and urban strategies including financial scheme for sustainable urban transport investment

Measures to repair and improve quality public transports

√ √ √

√

√

√ √ √

√

√

√

√

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Rail Affairs Sub-Sector (Implementation based on area scale). Pages 212

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (National establishing standards). Page 179

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (National establishing standards). Page 180

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (implementation is according to area scale). Page 178

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (implementation is according to area scale). Page 178

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (implementation is according to area scale).




No. Program

Implementer Remarks


17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

Measures to promote bicycling, walking and public space use

Training and reaching-out materials to provide information on public transports

Setting higher cost in busy conditions

Limits of free and low parking provision are burdened by the regions, according to parking price (for example in city centers), application of controlled parking system

Determining motorcycles’ new efficiency fuel emission standard

Regulating rules and enforcing certificates. This can be done by a. personal garage certificationb. public authority

Driving method that improves vehicles’ efficiency

Regulation on vehicles’ design (standard design) and the use of modern technology and standard fuel consumption




PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (Guideline is at national, whereas permit granting is at city/district). Page 182

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (National establishing the guideline). Page 180


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (National determining quality drivers, whereas implementation is done by provinces, city/districts). Pages 193 and 199


√

√

√ √

√

√

√ √

√ √

√ √


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


25.

26.

Regulation on fuel standard, for example adding 2 bio-fuel generations (not oil palm) from around 10%, improving the use of CNG, electric cars and bicycles)

Regulation for limiting the number of in-city vehicles

√ √

√ √


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Transport Sector, Land Transport Sub-Sector, LLAJ Sub-Sub-Sector (National establishing the standard). Page 179

Source : RAN-GRK, PAKLIM, ICCSR


No. Program

Implementer Remarks


Table 6Examples of Mitigation Action Proposals for Garbage Affairs Sector

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Use of waste resulted from land opening for compost making materials

Developing application of environmental policy for 3R principles (reduce, reuse, recycle) in garbage management.

Reducing garbage from its source as much as possible, reusing it and recycling it (3R) before transported to Landfill.

Garbage management in TPAS from open dumping into controlled landfill in small and medium cities; sanitary landfill in in large and metropolitan cities.

Improved garbage gas management method (landfill gas – LFG) through collection and burning or through application of energy recovery system.

Developing sustainable infrastructure construction (by maintaining the balance of 3 developmental pillars, namely economy, social and environment) by reducing GHG emissions and improving carbon sequestration

√ √ √

√ √ √

√ √ √

√

√ √

√

√

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Public Works Sector, Garbage Affairs Sub-Sector, Coaching Sub-Sub Sector (National facilitating technical support whereas provinces, and cities providing technical support development). Page 54

PP No. 38 Year 2007 Public Works Sector, Garbage Affairs Sub-Sector, Development Sub-Sub Sector (Differentiated according to area scale). Page 54






No. Program

Implementer Remarks


7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Administering infrastructure construction in garbage sector which prioritizes HR and institutional capacity building including local governments’ competency and independence in environmentally-oriented infrastructure development and encourages private sectors’ and public roles.

Developing environmentally friendly and climate change-anticipatory garbage management technologies

Developing landfill’s quality improvement technology: (1) Controlled Landfill (CLF) for small and medium cities, (2) Sanitary Landfill (SLF) for large and metropolitan cities (3) Stop to Open Dumping.

Developing EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) application for B3 waste producers and importers

Preparing agencies responsible for solid waste management and waste water service and permit issuance

Improving capacity and facilitating private and public partnerships including the people in solid waste management

Financing and development of policies and strategies for city-level solid waste and garbage infrastructure management

√ √

√ √

√ √

√ √ √

√

√


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Public Works Sector, Garbage Affairs Sub-Sector, Control Sub-Sub-Sector (establishment of policies based on areas). Page 53







No. Program

Implementer Remarks


14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

Issuing waste management in districts/cities

Collaborating with private sectors to support waste water infrastructure services in districts/cities

Providing technical support for garbage management in subdistricts, villages and community groups

Garbage separation initiation in some cities

Dissemination and training on compost production and 3R program for the public

Transition from open dumping to TPA controlling in cities

√

√

√

√

√

√


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Public Works Sector, Garbage Affairs Sub-Sector, Supervision Sub-Sub Sector (Differentiated based on area scale). Page 55


PP No. 38 Year 2007 Public Works Sector, Garbage Affairs Sub-Sector, Development Sub-Sub Sector





1.BA

U B

asel

ine

deve

lopm

ent

1.1.

Iden

tifyi

ng la

nd u

se

1.2.

Rev

iew

ing

natio

nal l

and

use

clas

sific

atio

n fra

mew

ork

acco

rdin

g to

200

6 IP

CC

G

uide

line

1.3.

Con

duct

ing

anal

ysis

on

sate

llite

imag

e by

usi

ng “

wal

l to

wal

l sys

tem

”1.

4. In

terp

retin

g hi

stor

ic d

ata

on

land

use

con

vers

ion

a. L

and

use

map

. Sug

gest

ed fo

r the

pa

st 1

0 ye

ars

b. S

patia

l use

dat

a (R

TRW

)

c. D

ata

and

info

rmat

ion

on la

nd u

se

clas

sific

atio

n fra

mew

ork

Plan

olog

y Ag

ency

-For

estry

, BP

N (N

atio

nal

Land

Affa

irs

Agen

cy),

and

BAKO

SURT

ANAL

(N

atio

nal S

urve

y an

d M

appi

ng

Coo

rdin

atin

g Bo

ard)

, UKP

4 (P

resi

dent

ial

Wor

king

Uni

t for

D

evel

opm

ent

Supe

rvis

ion

and

Man

agem

ent

Dat

a so

urce

from

D

irect

orat

e G

ener

al

for N

atio

nal S

patia

l Pl

anni

ng (P

ublic

W

orks

)

BAPL

AN-F

ores

try,

BPN

, and

BA

KOSU

RTAN

AL,

UKP

4

Dat

a so

urce

from

Sp

atia

l Pla

nnin

g D

inas

Dat

a so

urce

from

Sp

atia

l Pla

nnin

g D

inas

Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

Sect

ors:

For

estr

y, P

eat L

and

, Agr

icul

ture

and

Lan

d C

onve

rsio

nAN

NEX

2Pr

opos

ed M

atrix

of T

ask

Div

isio

n fo

r RA

N-R

AD

-GR

K D

evel

opm

ent a

nd Im

plem

enta

tion


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

1.5.

Ana

lyzi

ng la

nd u

se

conv

ersi

on tr

igge

r and

act

ors

1.6.

Pro

ject

ing

land

use

co

nver

sion

in th

e fu

ture

by

cons

ider

ing

deve

lopm

ent

plan

s

d. S

atel

lite

imag

e da

ta a

nd it

s in

terp

reta

tion

e. D

ata

on b

iom

ass

and

carb

on s

tock

an

d em

issi

on fa

ctor

s of

eac

h la

nd

conv

ersi

on

a. E

cono

mic

and

soc

ial d

ata

b. L

and

use

conv

ersi

on a

ctor

s D

ata

a. D

ata

from

act

iviti

es 1

.1-1

.5

b. D

emog

raph

ic d

ata

c. D

evel

opm

ent p

lan

data

d. T

GH

K (F

ores

t Lan

d U

se b

y C

onse

nsus

) and

RTR

WP

(Pro

vinc

ial

Area

Spa

tial P

lans

) dat

ae.

Mac

ro-e

cono

mic

dat

a

Dat

a so

urce

fro

m L

APAN

(N

atio

nal I

nstit

ute

of A

eron

autic

s an

d Sp

ace)

, BA

KOSU

RTAN

AL

BAPL

AN-F

ores

try,

Min

istry

of

Agric

ultu

re

Dat

a fro

m B

PS

Dat

a fro

m b

usin

ess

acto

rs a

ssoc

iatio

n,

Min

istri

es o

f Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Agric

ultu

re

BPS,

BAP

PEN

AS,

Min

istri

es o

f Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Agric

ultu

re a

nd

Publ

ic W

orks

, Fi

scal

Pol

icy

Agen

cy- M

inis

try o

f Fi

nanc

e

Fore

stry

, Pl

anta

tion

and

Agric

ultu

re

Din

ases

Dat

a fro

m B

PS

Wor

king

gro

up

assi

sted

by

busi

ness

per

mit

dina

s an

d fo

rest

ry,

plan

tatio

n an

d ag

ricul

ture

din

ases

BPS,

BAP

PED

A,

and

Fore

stry

, Ag

ricul

ture

, Pub

lic

Wor

ks a

nd S

patia

l Pl

anni

ng D

inas

es

invo

lved

in m

akin

g pr

ojec

tion

with

the

natio

nal l

evel

.

Fore

stry

, Pl

anta

tion

and

Agric

ultu

re

Din

ases

, as

wel

l as

rela

ted

agen

cies

Dat

a fro

m B

PS

Busi

ness

per

mit

dina

s an

d fo

rest

ry,

plan

tatio

n an

d ag

ricul

ture

din

ases

pr

ovid

e da

ta fo

r pr

ovin

cial

wor

king

gr

oups

BPS,

BAP

PED

A,

and

Fore

stry

, Ag

ricul

ture

, Pub

lic

Wor

ks a

nd S

patia

l Pl

anni

ng D

inas

es

prov

ides

dat

a fo

r Pr

ovin

cial

wor

king

gr

oups


2. C

alcu

latio

n of

“a

bate

men

t co

st” f

rom

ea

ch

alte

rnat

ive

land

use

Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

Met

hod

sele

ctio

n is

bas

ed

on a

vaila

bilit

y of

dat

a an

d im

plem

entin

g ag

ency

’s ca

paci

ty.

Alte

rnat

ive

mod

els

are:

1.Sp

atia

l dyn

amic

land

use

m

odel

, suc

h as

Geo

grap

hic

Mod

ellin

g (G

EOM

OD

), La

nd

Cha

nge

Mod

elle

r (LC

M),

land

us

e co

nver

sion

and

Impa

ct

Mod

el (i

ndic

ator

), et

c 2.

Ano

ther

mod

el is

Inte

grat

ed

Car

bon

Ecol

ogy

and

Econ

omic

s

2.1.

Cal

cula

ting

bene

fits

from

eac

h al

tern

ativ

e la

nd u

se (i

nclu

ding

co

-ben

efits

)

2.2.

Estim

atin

g nu

mbe

r of

man

pow

er a

bsor

bed

from

ea

ch a

ltern

ativ

e la

nd u

se

2.3.

Estim

atin

g tra

nsac

tion

cost

fro

m e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

a. C

ost a

nd b

enefi

t com

pone

nts

for

each

alte

rnat

ive

land

use

b.

2. D

ata

on n

umbe

r of m

anpo

wer

re

quire

d by

eac

h la

nd u

se a

ctiv

ityc.

3. “

co-b

enefi

ts” D

ata

( for

exa

mpl

e,

biod

iver

sity

)

a. A

ctiv

ity m

onito

ring

cost

dat

ab.

2. P

olic

y di

ssem

inat

ion

cost

dat

a

c. 3

. Reg

ulat

ion

enfo

rcem

ent d

ata

Mod

el s

elec

tion

is c

ondu

cted

by

RAN

-GR

K w

orki

ng

grou

p fo

r For

estry

an

d Pe

at L

and,

Ag

ricul

ture

and

La

nd C

onve

rsio

n se

ctor

sSe

lect

ed m

odel

will

be im

plem

ente

d by

the

Nat

iona

l W

orki

ng G

roup

to

geth

er w

ith

Prov

inci

al o

nes

Dat

a fro

m

Min

istri

es o

f Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Agric

ultu

re

Indo

nesi

an F

ores

t En

trepr

eneu

rs

Asso

ciat

ion,

Oth

er a

ssoc

iatio

ns.

Min

istri

es

of F

ores

try,

Agric

ultu

re,

Agric

ultu

re,

Bapp

enas

, Min

istry

of

Hom

e Af

fairs

, BP

K (S

upre

me

Audi

t Age

ncy)

, U

KP (P

resi

dent

ial

Wor

king

Uni

t)

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g fo

r BAP

PED

A (W

orki

ng g

roup

) in

impl

emen

ting

mod

el fo

r de

velo

ping

gu

idel

ine

to

deve

lop

RAD

-G

RK

Cal

cula

ting

abat

emen

t cos

t an

d co

ordi

natin

g in

puts

from

di

stric

ts/c

ities

Fore

stry

, Pl

anta

tion

and

Agric

ultu

re

dina

ses,

Ba

pped

alda

(L

ocal

En

viro

nmen

tal

Impa

ct

Man

agem

ent

Agen

cy),

Baw

asda

(Loc

al

Supe

rvis

ory

Agen

cy)

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g fo

r BAP

PED

A In

und

erst

andi

ng

mod

els

and

prep

arin

g re

quire

d da

ta a

nd

info

rmat

ion.

Supp

ortin

g pr

ovin

cial

w

orki

ng g

roup

s by

pre

parin

g th

e re

quire

d da

ta

Fore

stry

, Pl

anta

tion

and

Agric

ultu

re

dina

ses,

Ba

pped

alda

(Loc

al

Envi

ronm

enta

l Im

pact

M

anag

emen

t Ag

ency

), Ba

was

da

(Loc

al S

uper

viso

ry

Agen

cy)


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

3. M

itiga

tion

scen

ario

de

velo

pmen

t

4. M

itiga

tion

Actio

ns

Pote

ntia

l

5. M

onito

ring

and

Eval

uatio

n

3.1.

Fol

low

pha

ses

1 an

d 2

abov

e.

Adde

d by

iden

tifyi

ng a

gro

up

of m

itiga

tion

actio

ns a

long

w

ith p

oten

tial c

osts

and

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

4.1.

Mat

chin

g m

itiga

tion

actio

n po

tent

ial w

ith a

utho

ritie

s,

inst

itutio

nal c

hara

cter

istic

s an

d ar

eas

4.2.

Adj

ustin

g in

stitu

tiona

l cap

acity

an

d ar

eas

4.3.

Adj

ustin

g w

ith s

trate

gic

deve

lopm

ent p

lans

and

pr

iorit

ies

5.1.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

done

5.2.

Mea

surin

g an

d re

porti

ng

GH

G e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

n fro

m

each

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

done

5.3.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

flow

and

am

ount

of f

unds

fo

r eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n im

plem

enta

tion

Dat

a is

the

sam

e as

abo

ve

a. L

and

use

patte

rns

data

b. In

stitu

tiona

l TU

POKS

I (M

ain

Task

s an

d Fu

nctio

ns) d

ata

c. P

lann

ing

docu

men

ts

Miti

gatio

n ac

tions

dat

a

Emis

sion

redu

ctio

n da

ta

Dat

a on

reci

pien

ts a

nd th

e am

ount

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

esta

blis

hes

Nat

iona

l Miti

gatio

n Sc

enar

io b

ased

on

prov

inci

al m

itiga

tion

scen

ario

pro

posa

ls

Min

istri

es

of F

ores

try,

Agric

ultu

re,

Bapp

enas

, Min

istry

of

Hom

e Af

fairs

Min

istri

es o

f Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Agric

ultu

re

Min

istri

es o

f Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Agric

ultu

re

Min

istri

es o

f Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Agric

ultu

re

Prov

inci

al

wor

king

gro

ups

prep

are

miti

gatio

n sc

enar

io a

nd

coor

dina

te in

puts

fro

m D

istri

ct/C

ity

wor

king

gro

ups

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

te lo

cal

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

pote

ntia

l tog

ethe

r w

ith F

ores

try,

Plan

tatio

n an

d Ag

ricul

ture

di

nase

s, B

appe

da

Bapp

eda

coor

dina

tes,

m

onito

rs,

and

repo

rts

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n fro

m v

ario

us

dist

ricts

/citi

es to

Ba

ppen

as

Supp

ortin

g pr

ovin

cial

w

orki

ng g

roup

s by

pre

parin

g th

e re

quire

d da

ta

Fore

stry

, Pl

anta

tion

and

Agric

ultu

re

dina

ses,

Bap

peda

su

ppor

t pro

vinc

ial

wor

king

gro

ups

by p

repa

ring

the

requ

ired

data

Fore

stry

, Pl

anta

tion,

and

Ag

ricul

ture

di

nase

s im

plem

ent l

ocal

m

itiga

tion

actio

ns

and

carry

out

ac

tiviti

es 5

.1-5

.5


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

Min

istri

es o

f Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Agric

ultu

re

Min

istri

es o

f Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Agric

ultu

re

Min

istri

es o

f Fo

rest

ry a

nd

Agric

ultu

re, U

KP4

and

Min

istry

of

Envi

ronm

ent

Inde

pend

ent A

udit

Agen

cy

“Cob

enefi

ts” o

r neg

ativ

e im

pact

dat

a

New

dat

a on

cap

acity

bui

ldin

g an

d in

stitu

tiona

l bui

ldin

g ( i

f any

)

1. Im

plem

enta

tion

repo

rts b

y M

inis

try/

Agen

cy a

nd P

rovi

nces

2.D

ata

on m

itiga

tion

actio

n im

plem

enta

tion

audi

t

5.4.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

cobe

nefit

or n

egat

ive

impa

cts

from

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n do

ne

5.5.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

capa

city

bui

ldin

g an

d in

stitu

tiona

l bui

ldin

g

6.1.

Rev

iew

ing

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n re

ports

fro

m M

inis

try/A

genc

y an

d Pr

ovin

ces

6.2.

Verif

ying

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n im

plem

enta

tion

6. M

RV


1. B

AU B

asel

ine

deve

lopm

ent

1.1.

Mak

ing

a lis

t of a

ll bu

ildin

gs/

cons

truct

ions

, par

ks a

nd

road

s ow

ned/

man

aged

by

loca

l gov

ernm

ents

1.

2. C

olle

ctin

g hi

stor

ic d

ata

on

the

num

ber o

f pow

er u

se (t

he

past

5 y

ears

) for

all

build

ings

, ro

ad la

mps

/tra

ffic

light

s/pa

rk

lam

ps1.

3. C

olle

ctin

g fu

ture

ass

umpt

ion

data

(in

the

next

10

year

s) o

n de

velo

pmen

t of a

nd in

crea

se

in b

uild

ings

, roa

ds a

nd p

arks

ow

ned

by lo

cal g

over

nmen

ts.

1.4.

Est

imat

ing

the

num

ber o

f fu

ture

pow

er u

se b

ased

on

ass

umpt

ion

data

no

1.3

abov

e, b

y de

velo

ping

“d

eman

d ba

selin

e” (i

n KW

/KW

h un

it) w

hich

will

be

conv

erse

d w

ith” l

ong

term

si

mul

atio

n” (

in C

O2e

uni

t)

Dat

a fo

r loc

al b

asel

ine:

• N

umbe

r and

wid

th o

f bui

ldin

gs•

Type

and

leng

th o

f roa

ds•

Num

ber o

f roa

d la

mps

, tra

ffic

light

s,

and

park

lam

ps o

wne

d by

loca

l go

vern

men

ts (2

005-

2010

)•

Num

ber o

f pow

er u

se p

er y

ear (

in

KWh/

KW u

nit)

for e

ach

build

ing

and

road

ow

ned

by lo

cal g

over

nmen

ts

(200

5-20

10)

• Pl

anne

d in

crea

se in

bui

ldin

gs

(num

ber,

wid

th a

nd p

ower

cap

acity

re

quire

d ( 2

010-

2020

)•

Pla

nned

add

ition

al ro

ad (t

ype,

road

le

ngth

, roa

d la

mp

need

s an

d its

po

wer

cap

acity

) for

201

0-20

20

Dat

a so

urce

:Lo

cal D

evel

opm

ent S

trate

gic

Plan

s (R

PJPD

/RPJ

MD

,REN

STR

A), M

aste

r pl

an fo

r dev

elop

ing

build

ings

, roa

ds,

road

lam

ps fr

om P

JU d

inas

, PU

din

as,

and

Loca

l Sec

reta

ry (S

ekda

)

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

coor

dina

ted

by M

inis

try o

f En

ergy

and

Min

eral

R

esou

rces

(ESD

M)

and

PLN

com

bine

an

d co

nver

se

the

num

ber o

f po

wer

ene

rgy

use

from

pro

vinc

ial

gove

rnm

ents

whi

ch

will

be u

sed

for

natio

nal b

asel

ine

(in C

O2e

uni

t)

Dis

trict

/City

w

orki

ng g

roup

s (E

SDM

Din

as,

PJU

, PLN

Bra

nch

Offi

ces

) rec

ord/

colle

ct a

nnua

l po

wer

ene

rgy

use

from

bui

ldin

gs,

road

lam

p/ tr

affic

lig

hts/

park

s ow

ned

by lo

cal

gove

rnm

ents

w

hich

will

be u

sed

for

deve

lopi

ng lo

cal

base

line

( in

KWh/

KW u

nit)

Prov

inci

al

wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by

ESD

M d

inas

an

d PL

N b

ranc

h of

fices

com

bine

po

wer

ene

rgy

use

base

line

from

Dis

trict

/City

G

over

nmen

ts

into

pro

vinc

ial

base

lines

(in

KWh/

KW u

nit)

Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

Sect

ors:

Ene

rgy

Sub-

Sect

ors:

Pow

er A

ffairs

Sub

Sub-

Sect

ors:

Pow

er u

se fo

r loc

al g

over

nmen

t-ow

ned

Bui

ldin

gs a

nd R

oad

Ligh

ting


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

2. M

itiga

tion

Scen

ario

D

evel

opm

ent

3. M

itiga

tion

Actio

n Pr

opos

als

Sim

ilar t

o ac

tiviti

es n

o 1.

1-1.

4 ad

ded

with

:2.

1. M

akin

g da

ta li

st o

n ty

pes

of

prod

ucts

and

ene

rgy-

savi

ng

tech

nolo

gies

ava

ilabl

e in

the

pres

ent a

nd in

the

futu

re fo

r bu

ildin

gs, r

oad

lam

ps/tr

affic

lig

ht/p

ark

lam

ps is

sued

by

seve

ral p

rodu

cers

whi

ch

will

be u

sed

by th

e lo

cal

gove

rnm

ents

3.1.

Pro

posi

ng p

ower

ene

rgy-

savi

ng a

ctiv

ities

that

use

po

wer

-sav

ing

prod

ucts

and

te

chno

logi

es fo

r bui

ldin

gs a

nd

road

lam

ps/tr

affic

ligh

ts/p

ark

lam

ps

3.2.

Est

imat

ing

(cal

cula

ting)

th

e nu

mbe

r of e

nerg

y an

d co

st s

avin

g fo

r eac

h ac

tivity

pr

opos

al3.

3. D

evel

opin

g pr

iorit

ies

and

sele

ctin

g th

e ac

tivity

pr

opos

als

for b

udge

ting

and

impl

emen

tatio

n pu

rpos

es

Sim

ilar a

s ab

ove,

sup

plem

ente

d w

ith

data

on

type

s of

pro

duct

and

ene

rgy-

savi

ng te

chno

logi

es a

vaila

ble

in th

e pr

esen

t and

in th

e fu

ture

for b

uild

ings

, ro

ad la

mps

/traf

fic li

ght/p

ark

lam

ps

issu

ed b

y pr

oduc

ers

(for e

xam

ple,

po

wer

-sav

ing

AC, L

ED la

mps

)

• D

ata

on s

peci

ficat

ions

of e

nerg

y-sa

ving

pro

duct

s an

d te

chno

logi

es

for u

se in

bui

ldin

gs a

nd ro

ad la

mps

/tra

ffic

light

s/pa

rk la

mps

• D

ata

on p

oten

tial e

nerg

y-sa

ving

ac

tiviti

es fo

r bui

ldin

gs a

nd ro

ad

lam

ps/tr

affic

ligh

ts/ p

ark

lam

ps

Sam

e as

abo

ve

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

coor

dina

ted

by E

SDM

and

PLN

ac

com

mod

ates

an

d se

lect

s ac

tivity

pro

posa

ls

from

var

ious

pr

ovin

ces

base

d on

cos

t-sav

ing

and

prod

uced

ene

rgy

crite

ria (c

onve

rsed

in

to C

O2e

uni

t)

Sam

e as

abo

ve

Prov

inci

al w

orki

ng

grou

ps (E

SDM

di

nas,

PLN

bra

nch

offic

es) c

ombi

ne

seve

ral a

ctiv

ities

re

late

d to

pow

er

ener

gy s

avin

g fro

m D

istri

cts/

Citi

es fo

r pro

posa

l to

the

natio

nal

gove

rnm

ent

Sam

e as

abo

ve

Dis

trict

/City

w

orki

ng g

roup

s (E

SDM

din

as, P

JU

dina

s an

d PL

N

Bran

ch O

ffice

s)

prop

ose

activ

ities

re

late

d to

pow

er

savi

ng u

se e

fforts

fo

r bui

ldin

gs, r

oad

lam

ps/tr

affic

ligh

ts/

park

lam

ps o

wne

d by

the

regi

ons

( for

ex

ampl

e th

e us

e of

LED

lam

ps fo

r ro

ad la

mps

, etc

)


1. B

AU B

asel

ine

deve

lopm

ent

Top-

dow

n:1.

1. C

olle

ctin

g da

ta o

n na

tiona

l em

issi

on fa

ctor

s

1.2.

Col

lect

ing

data

on

fuel

sal

es

1.3.

Col

lect

ing

data

on

mid

-term

tra

nspo

rt se

ctor

wor

kpla

n an

d po

licy

( 5 y

ears

)

1.4.

Cou

ntin

g pr

oduc

ed G

HG

em

issi

ons

by

usin

g 20

06

IPC

C m

etho

d ti

er 1

, too

ls

tier 1

, and

lim

ited

proj

ectio

n an

alys

is

Bot

tom

up:

1.1.

Col

lect

ing

tota

l act

ivity

dat

a

Dat

a on

nat

iona

l fue

l em

issi

on

fact

ors

from

Min

istri

es o

f ESD

M a

nd

Envi

ronm

ent

a) F

uel s

ales

dat

a fro

m P

erta

min

a an

d AK

R C

orpo

rindo

b) T

rans

port

Activ

ity d

ata

from

Min

istry

of

Tra

nspo

rtatio

n

Tran

spor

t sec

tor S

trate

gic

Plan

s (R

ENST

RA)

Annu

al in

vent

ory

data

a) A

nnua

l veh

icle

trav

elle

d

b) F

reig

ht to

nage

–( t

ons-

km)

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

coor

dina

ted

by M

inis

try o

f Tr

ansp

orta

tion

b) G

oods

Tr

ansp

ortin

g/Lo

gist

ics

Asso

ciat

ion

a) Tr

ansp

orta

tion

dina

s an

d re

late

d ag

enci

es,

vehi

cle’

s re

pair

shop

s

Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

Sect

ors:

Tra

nspo

rtSu

b-Se

ctor

s: L

and

Tran

spor

t


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

1.2.

Col

lect

ing

mod

al s

truct

ure

data

1.3.

Col

lect

ing

mod

al e

nerg

y in

tens

ity

1.4.

Col

lect

ing

car

bon

cont

ent o

f fu

el

1.5.

Col

lect

ing

dat

a on

tran

spor

t po

licie

s

c) P

asse

nger

trav

elle

d (p

asse

nger

-km

)

d) N

umbe

r of v

ehic

les

(by

type

)- nu

mbe

r of u

rban

and

non

-urb

an

vehi

cles

e) N

umbe

r of u

rban

pop

ulat

ion

( urb

an

and

non

urba

n ) a

nd it

s pr

ojec

tion

f) G

DP

and

its p

roje

ctio

n

a) M

odal

sha

re/s

plit

( mod

al

dist

ribut

ion)

b) L

oad

fact

or (p

asse

nger

for t

onne

s /

vkm

)

a) M

odal

ene

rgy

inte

nsity

( ve

hicl

e en

ergy

inte

nsity

) ( k

m/lt

)

b) O

n ro

ad im

pact

( dr

ive

cycl

e,

cong

estio

n)

c) T

echn

olog

ical

ene

rgy

effic

ienc

y

d) V

ehic

le c

hara

cter

istic

Fuel

com

posi

tion

data

Doc

umen

ting

trans

port

polic

ies

and

road

infra

stru

ctur

e de

velo

pmen

ts

d) G

AIKI

ND

O, A

ISI,

rela

ted

agen

cies

BPS,

Bap

pena

s

f) Ba

ppen

as

a) M

inis

try o

f Tr

ansp

orta

tion

b) M

inis

try o

f Tr

ansp

orta

tion

a) M

inis

try o

f Tr

ansp

orta

tion,

G

aiki

ndo,

Ais

i

c) G

AIKI

ND

O, A

ISI

d) G

AIKI

ND

O, A

ISI

PERT

AMIN

A,

ESD

M

Min

istry

of

Tran

spor

tatio

nPu

blic

Wor

ks/B

ina

Mar

ga

Rel

ated

age

ncie

s

BPS,

Bap

peda

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

, Bin

a M

arga

c) T

rans

porta

tion

dina

s

Rel

ated

age

ncie

s

BPS,

Bap

peda

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

, Bin

a M

arga


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

2. M

itiga

tion

Scen

ario

de

velo

pmen

t

1.6.

Cou

ntin

g pr

oduc

ed G

HG

em

issi

ons

by

usin

g 20

06

IPC

C m

etho

d tie

r 3, a

nd A

SIF

form

ula,

as

wel

l as

proj

ectio

n an

alys

is

2.1.

Lis

ting

pote

ntia

l act

ions

bas

ed

on A

SI s

trate

gy c

lass

ifica

tion

(avo

id, s

hift,

impr

ove)

for l

and

trans

port

2.2.

Iden

tifyi

ng ty

pes

of p

olic

ies

(pla

nnin

g, re

gula

tion,

ec

onom

y, in

form

atio

n an

d te

chno

logy

), an

d s

take

hold

er

leve

ls (

natio

nal,

prov

inci

al,

dist

rict/c

ity) f

or s

elec

ted

pote

ntia

l act

ions

2.3.

Dev

elop

ing

miti

gatio

n pr

ojec

tion

by u

sing

pro

ject

ion

anal

ysis

and

dat

a 2.

3.

Com

pila

tion

of a

bove

dat

a (a

ctiv

ities

1.

1-1.

4)

RPJ

M a

nd S

trate

gic

Plan

s (R

enst

ra)

for t

rans

port

sect

or a

nd s

ome

rela

ted

regu

latio

ns

Dat

a is

sim

ilar w

ith a

) and

dis

cuss

ion

with

rela

ted

stak

ehol

ders

Min

istry

of

Tran

spor

tatio

n co

mbi

nes

emis

sion

le

vels

(bas

elin

e)

from

pro

vinc

es

and

prov

ides

tool

s (A

SIF)

and

sui

tabl

e ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

to

the

regi

ons

Min

istry

of

Tran

spor

tatio

n

Wor

king

Gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by M

inis

try o

f Tr

ansp

orta

tion

Min

istry

of

Tran

spor

tatio

n co

mbi

nes

proj

ectio

n of

pro

vinc

ial

miti

gatio

n sc

enar

io

emis

sion

leve

ls

and

prov

ides

tool

s (A

SIF)

and

sui

tabl

e ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

in

the

regi

ons

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

com

bine

s em

issi

on le

vels

(b

asel

ine)

from

di

stric

ts/c

ities

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

Wor

king

Gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas

com

bine

s m

itiga

tion

scen

ario

em

issi

on le

vels

fro

m d

istri

cts/

citie

s

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

com

bine

s em

issi

on le

vels

(b

asel

ine)

from

di

stric

ts/c

ities

Tran

spor

tatio

n D

inas

Wor

king

Gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas

deve

lops

m

itiga

tion

scen

ario

em

issi

on le

vels

fro

m d

istri

cts/

citie

s


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

3. M

itiga

tion

Actio

n Pr

opos

als

3.1.

Estim

atin

g em

issi

on re

duct

ion

num

ber f

rom

eac

h se

lect

ed

pote

ntia

l act

ions

(bot

h in

divi

dual

and

com

bine

d) b

y us

ing

tier 3

ASI

F m

etho

d.

3.2.

eva

luat

ing

pote

ntia

l act

ion

feas

ibilit

y se

lect

ed b

ased

on

crite

ria: c

ost e

ffect

iven

ess,

po

litic

ally

acc

epta

ble,

te

chno

logi

cal f

easi

bilit

y, lo

ng

term

impa

ct, a

nd s

ecto

ral

appr

opria

tene

ss

3.3.

. Dev

elop

ing

wei

ghin

g an

d ra

nkin

g, a

s w

ell a

s se

lect

ing

pote

ntia

l act

ions

don

e

Usi

ng fo

rmul

a fro

m a

ctiv

ity 1

.6

Dat

a on

ana

lysi

s re

sults

of c

ost

effe

ctiv

enes

s, p

oliti

cal a

ccep

tabl

e,

tech

nolo

gica

l fea

sibi

lity,

long

term

im

pact

, and

sec

tora

l app

ropr

iate

ness

Dat

a fro

m a

ctiv

ities

2.3

and

2.4

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by M

inis

try o

f Tr

ansp

orta

tion

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by M

inis

try o

f Tr

ansp

orta

tion

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by M

inis

try o

f Tr

ansp

orta

tion.

Com

bine

s an

d se

lect

pot

entia

l m

itiga

tion

actio

n pr

opos

als

from

va

rious

pro

vinc

es

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas.

Com

bine

s m

itiga

tion

actio

n pr

opos

als

from

di

stric

ts/c

ities

and

pr

opos

e th

em

to th

e na

tiona

l w

orki

ng g

roup

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas

Wor

king

gro

ups

coor

dina

ted

by

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas.

Dev

elop

m

itiga

tion

actio

n pr

opos

als


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

4. M

onito

ring

and

Eval

uatio

n

5. V

erifi

catio

n

4.1.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

done

4.2.

Mea

surin

g an

d re

porti

ng G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

from

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n do

ne

4.3.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

flow

s an

d am

ount

of f

und

for e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n

4.4.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

“ cob

enefi

ts” o

r neg

ativ

e im

pact

s fro

m e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

done

4.5.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

capa

city

and

inst

itutio

nal

build

ing

prog

ram

5.1.

Con

duct

ing

verifi

catio

n of

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n im

plem

enta

tion

base

d on

cr

iteria

/indi

cato

rs a

lread

y se

t fo

r lan

d tra

nspo

rt su

b-se

ctor

Impl

emen

tatio

n da

ta o

n ea

ch

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

Miti

gatio

n re

duct

ion

data

Dat

a on

reci

pien

ts a

nd th

e am

ount

“Cob

enefi

ts” o

r neg

ativ

e im

pact

dat

a

Dat

a on

new

cap

acity

and

inst

itutio

nal

build

ing

prog

ram

(if a

ny)

Dat

a on

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n re

ports

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

com

bine

s no

tes

and

repo

rts

from

eac

h pr

ovin

ce

and

coor

dina

tes

with

Bap

pena

s as

w

ell a

s pr

ovid

es

unifo

rmed

repo

rting

an

d m

onito

ring

tem

plat

es to

the

regi

on

Nat

iona

l in

depe

nden

t ve

rifica

tion

agen

cy

Prov

inci

al w

orki

ng

grou

ps c

oord

inat

e,

mon

itor a

nd re

port

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n fro

m v

ario

us

dist

ricts

/citi

es to

N

atio

nal w

orki

ng

grou

p

Tran

spor

tatio

n di

nas

impl

emen

ts

loca

l miti

gatio

n ac

tions

and

car

ries

out a

ctiv

ities

4.1

-4.

5


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

Sect

ors:

Indu

stry

Sub-

Sect

ors:

Big

Sca

le In

dust

ry

Sum

mar

y of

Tas

ks:

1. N

atio

nal G

over

nmen

t (M

inis

try o

f Ind

ustry

) dev

elop

s/in

itiat

es n

atio

nal p

olic

ies,

pro

gram

s an

d ac

tiviti

es re

late

d to

nat

iona

l ind

ustry

pro

duct

ivity

an

d co

mpe

titiv

enes

s. M

inis

try o

f Env

ironm

ent d

evel

ops

natio

nal p

olic

y an

d re

gula

tion

rela

ted

to in

dust

rial w

aste

, whe

reas

, Min

istry

of E

nerg

y an

d M

iner

al R

esou

rces

dev

elop

s po

licy

on e

nerg

y in

the

indu

stry

sec

tor

2. P

rovi

ncia

l Gov

ernm

ents

(Ind

ustry

Din

as) c

oord

inat

e sm

all-s

cale

indu

stria

l pro

gram

s, a

ctiv

ities

and

per

mits

in p

rovi

nces

, whe

reas

Env

ironm

ent

Din

ases

con

duct

indu

stria

l was

te/B

3 co

ntro

l

3. D

istri

ct/C

ity G

over

nmen

ts (I

ndus

try D

inas

es) c

oord

inat

e sm

all-s

cale

indu

stria

l pro

gram

s, a

ctiv

ities

and

per

mits

, whe

reas

Env

ironm

ent D

inas

es

cond

uct i

ndus

trial

was

te/B

3 co

ntro

l

1. B

AU b

asel

ine

deve

lopm

ent

1.1

. Lis

ting

num

ber o

f ind

ustri

es

by ty

pe a

nd s

cale

1.2.

Sor

ting

out a

nd s

elec

ting

indu

strie

s in

clud

ed in

ba

selin

e de

velo

pmen

t (s

cope

)

• In

form

atio

n on

indu

stria

l cl

assi

ficat

ion

• R

egul

atio

n on

indu

stria

l sca

le

• In

form

atio

non

on in

dust

rial

clas

sific

atio

n•

Dat

a on

indu

stria

l typ

es th

at

cont

ribut

e si

gnifi

cant

ly to

GH

G

emis

sion

pro

duct

ion

(num

ber l

imit

...

tons

of C

O2)

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

for i

ndus

try

sect

or (s

uch

as

Min

istry

of I

ndus

try,

BKPM

/Inve

stm

ent

Coo

rdin

atin

g Ag

ency

), BP

S an

d in

dust

rial

asso

ciat

ions

)

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

Nat

iona

l wor

king

Prov

inci

al w

orki

ng

grou

ps fo

r ind

ustry

se

ctor

(suc

h as

In

dust

ry d

inas

, BK

PM, B

PS)

Dis

trict

/City

w

orki

ng g

roup

s fo

r ind

ustry

sec

tor

(suc

h as

Indu

stry

di

nas,

BKP

M, B

PS)


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

1.3.

Col

lect

ing

spec

ific

data

by

com

pany

1.4.

Agr

eein

g to

ass

umpt

ion

to b

e us

ed in

cal

cula

tion

1.5.

Con

duct

ing

BAU

bas

elin

e em

issi

on c

alcu

latio

n by

usi

ng

2006

IPC

C m

etho

dolo

gy fo

r in

dust

ry s

ecto

r

• Fa

ctor

y da

ta (c

lass

ifica

tion,

nam

e,

loca

tion,

fact

ory

age,

cur

rent

/futu

re

prod

uctio

n ca

paci

ty a

ccor

ding

to

prod

uct t

ype

(tons

of p

rodu

cts/

year

), C

urre

nt a

nd fu

ture

ann

ual a

vera

ge

capa

city

use

(%) o

r pro

duct

ion

(tons

of

pro

duct

s/ye

ar)

• Ex

pans

ion

plan

ning

dat

a (fu

ture

fa

ctor

y lo

catio

n, n

ew u

nit/f

acilit

y, si

ze, e

tc.)

• En

ergy

con

sum

ptio

n da

ta (n

umbe

r of

con

vent

iona

l and

alte

rnat

ive

fuel

co

nsum

ed –

tota

l and

/or s

epar

ated

by

impo

rtant

pro

duct

ion

mea

sure

s -

in (t

ons)

or (

GJ)

per

fuel

type

)•

Elec

tric

pow

er (t

otal

and

/or

sepa

rate

d by

impo

rtant

pro

duct

ion

phas

es -

(MW

h))

• N

umbe

r of r

aw m

ater

ials

use

d ac

cord

ing

to ra

w m

ater

ial t

ype

(tons

/ye

ar)

• Ex

pect

ed a

nnua

l gro

wth

rate

(%

)

• C

onve

rsio

n fa

ctor

ass

umpt

ions

• C

alor

val

ue•

Emis

sion

fact

or fo

r eac

h fo

ssil

fuel

ty

pe

• An

nual

indu

stria

l gro

wth

pro

ject

ion

data

•

Indu

stria

l dev

elop

men

t pla

ns w

ithou

t m

itiga

tion

polic

y•

Dat

a on

act

iviti

es 1

.3 a

nd 1

.4

Gro

up fo

r ind

ustry

se

ctor

(suc

h as

Min

istri

es

of In

dust

ry,

Envi

ronm

ent,

Ener

gy a

nd M

iner

al

Res

ourc

es, B

PS

and

indu

stria

l as

soci

atio

ns)

Nat

iona

l wor

king

Nat

iona

l wor

king

Prov

inci

al w

orki

ng

grou

ps fo

r ind

ustry

se

ctor

(suc

h as

In

dust

ry a

nd

Envi

ronm

ent

Ener

gy a

nd

Min

eral

Res

ourc

es

dina

ses,

BPS

) co

llect

dat

a fro

m

dist

ricts

/citi

es

and

subm

it to

the

natio

nal w

orki

ng

grou

p

Dis

trict

/city

w

orki

ng g

roup

(s

uch

as in

dust

ry,

Envi

ronm

ent,

Ener

gy a

nd

Min

eral

Res

ourc

es

dina

ses,

BPS

)


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

2. M

itiga

tion

scen

ario

de

velo

pmen

t

3. M

itiga

tion

Actio

n Pr

opos

als

2.1.

Lis

ting

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

th

at p

oten

tially

redu

ce G

HG

em

issi

ons

2.2.

con

duct

miti

gatio

n sc

enar

io

emis

sion

cal

cula

tion

by u

sing

20

06 IP

CC

met

hodo

logy

for

indu

stria

l sec

tor

3.1.

Lis

ting

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

pr

opos

als

for e

ach

indu

stria

l su

b-se

ctor

3.2.

Cal

cula

ting

miti

gatio

n co

st

of e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

per

indu

stria

l sub

-sec

tor

• D

ata

on c

urre

nt u

sed

tech

nolo

gy

and

indu

stria

l pro

cess

•

Dat

a on

tech

nolo

gies

and

indu

stria

l pr

oces

s av

aila

ble

for G

HG

em

issi

on

redu

ctio

n

Dat

a is

sim

ilar w

ith a

ctiv

ities

1.5

Dat

a is

sim

ilar t

o ac

tiviti

es 2

.1

• D

ata

on in

vest

men

t cos

t per

te

chno

logy

and

indu

stria

l pro

cess

• O

pera

tiona

l and

mai

nten

ance

dat

a pe

r tec

hnol

ogy

and

proc

ess

Nat

iona

l w

orki

ng g

roup

ac

com

mod

ates

an

d in

itial

ly s

elec

ts

all l

ocal

inco

min

g pr

opos

als

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

Sam

e as

act

iviti

es

2.1

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

Prov

inci

al

wor

king

gro

ups

acco

mm

odat

e di

stric

t/city

m

itiga

tion

actio

n pr

opos

als

and

prop

ose

prov

inci

al

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

an

d su

bmit

them

to n

atio

nal

wor

king

gro

up

Sam

e as

act

iviti

es

2.1

Dis

trict

/city

w

orki

ng g

roup

can

pr

opos

e m

itiga

tion

actio

ns th

at

pote

ntia

lly re

duce

G

HG

em

issi

on to

pr

ovin

cial

wor

king

gr

oups

Sam

e as

act

iviti

es

2.1


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

4. Im

plem

enta

tion

of S

elec

ted

Miti

gatio

n Ac

tions

3.3.

Con

duct

ing

eval

uatio

n an

d ra

nkin

g ea

ch m

itiga

tion

actio

n pr

opos

al

4.1.

Con

duct

ing

diss

emin

atio

n an

d en

gage

men

t pro

gram

s to

in

dust

rial a

ctor

s

• To

tal e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

n po

tent

ial

(see

act

ivity

resu

lts 2

.2)

• Ef

fect

ive

miti

gatio

n co

st p

er to

n of

C

O2 (

see

activ

ity re

sults

3.2

)•

Easi

ness

in im

plem

enta

tion

(inst

itutio

nal,

cultu

ral,

soci

al

capa

citie

s ba

sed

on g

over

nmen

t re

gula

tions

, ind

ustry

and

tech

nica

l kn

owle

dge

and

skills

);•

Polit

ical

and

com

mer

cial

ac

cept

abilit

y (p

olic

y at

tract

ion

for

indo

nesi

a’s

curre

nt s

ituat

ion)

;•

Tech

nolo

gica

l opp

ortu

nitie

s (e

asin

ess

to te

chno

logi

cal t

rans

fer,

pote

ntia

l for

mar

ket t

rans

form

atio

n);

• C

ross

-cut

ting

impa

cts;

• Ac

cess

to fu

ndin

g;•

Easi

ness

in m

easu

rem

ent,

repo

rting

an

d ve

rifica

tion

(MRV

); •

Tech

nica

l ris

ks (i

nclu

ding

vu

lner

abilit

y to

clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd

tect

onic

act

ivity

); •

Futu

re e

xpor

t pot

entia

l and

op

portu

nity

;•

Impa

ct o

n pa

ymen

t bal

ance

and

ot

her e

cono

mic

con

side

ratio

ns; a

nd

• C

ompa

tibilit

y w

ith d

evel

opm

ent

goal

s (e

nerg

y sa

fety,

eco

nom

ic

grow

th, e

nviro

nmen

tal p

rote

ctio

n)

• G

oals

and

pha

ses

of R

AN-R

AD-

GR

K de

velo

pmen

t•

Bene

fits

of m

itiga

tion

actio

n pl

ans

and

appl

icat

ion

for i

ndus

trial

act

ors

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oups

rece

ives

in

puts

from

the

regi

ons

on e

asin

ess

in im

plem

enta

tion,

po

litic

al a

nd

com

mer

cial

ac

cept

abilit

y, an

d cr

oss-

cutti

ng

impa

cts

as w

ell

as e

asin

ess

in

mea

sure

men

t, re

porti

ng a

nd

verifi

catio

n

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

Prov

inci

al

wor

king

gro

ups

acco

mm

odat

e in

puts

from

di

stric

ts/c

ities

and

pr

ovid

e pr

ovin

cial

in

puts

on

easi

ness

in

impl

emen

tabi

lity,

polit

ical

and

co

mm

erci

al

acce

ptab

ility

and

cros

s-cu

tting

im

pact

s as

wel

l as

eas

ines

s m

easu

rem

ent,

repo

rting

and

ve

rifica

tion

Prov

inci

al w

orki

ng

grou

ps

Dis

trict

/City

w

orki

ng g

roup

s pr

ovid

es in

puts

to

pro

vinc

ial

wor

king

gro

ups

on e

asin

ess

in

impl

emen

tatio

n,

polit

ical

and

co

mm

erci

al

acce

ptab

ility

and

cr

oss-

cutti

ng

impa

cts

as w

ell

as e

asin

ess

in

mea

sure

men

t, re

porti

ng a

nd

verifi

catio

n

Dis

trict

/city

w

orki

ng g

roup

s


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

5. M

onito

ring

and

eval

uatio

n

4.2.

For

mul

atin

g po

licie

s, e

fforts

, in

stru

men

ts to

sup

port

indu

stria

l miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n

4.3.

impl

emen

tatio

n of

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n by

indu

stria

l ac

tors

5.1.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

ever

y ac

tion

miti

gatio

n do

ne

5.2.

Mea

surin

g an

d re

porti

ng

GH

G e

mis

sion

redu

ctio

n fro

m

each

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

done

5.3.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

the

flow

and

am

ount

of f

und

for e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n

5.4.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

“cob

enefi

ts” o

r neg

ativ

e im

pact

for e

very

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

done

5.5.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

capa

city

and

inst

itutio

nal

build

ing

prog

ram

• In

form

atio

n on

pla

nnin

g po

licy,

regu

latio

n, s

tand

ards

, eco

nom

ic

inst

rum

ents

( in

cent

ives

and

te

chno

logi

es in

indu

stry

sec

tor)

Impl

emen

tatio

n da

ta o

n ea

ch

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

Emis

sion

redu

ctio

n da

ta

Dat

a on

reci

pien

ts a

nd it

s nu

mbe

r

“co-

bene

fits”

or n

egat

ive

impa

ct d

ata

Dat

a on

new

cap

acity

and

inst

itutio

nal

build

ing

pro

gram

(if a

ny)

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

Nat

iona

l lev

el

indu

stria

l act

ors

Indu

stria

l act

ors

repo

rt m

itiga

tion

actio

ns d

one

to

rele

vant

age

ncie

s ow

ned

by e

ach

gove

rnm

enta

l le

vels

Indu

stria

l act

ors

and

Nat

iona

l W

orki

ng G

roup

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

Indu

stria

l act

ors

and

Nat

iona

l W

orki

ng G

roup

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

Prov

inci

al le

vel

indu

stria

l act

ors

Indu

stria

l act

ors

Indu

stria

l act

or

and

prov

inci

al

wor

king

gro

ups

Prov

inci

al

indu

stria

l act

ors

and

prov

inci

al

wor

king

gro

up

Dis

trict

/city

leve

l in

dust

rial a

ctor

s

Indu

stria

l act

ors

Indu

stria

l act

ors

and

dist

rict/c

ity

wor

king

gro

up

Dis

trict

/City

in

dust

rial a

ctor

s an

d di

stric

t/city

w

orki

ng g

roup

s


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

6. V

erifi

catio

n 6.

1. C

ondu

cted

ver

ifica

tion

of e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n b

ased

on

crite

ria/in

dica

tors

set

for

indu

stry

sec

tor

Dat

a on

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n re

ports

Nat

iona

l in

depe

nden

t ve

rifica

tion

agen

cy


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

Sect

ors:

Was

teSu

b-Se

ctor

s: D

omes

tic S

olid

Was

te

Sum

mar

y of

Tas

ks:

1. T

he N

atio

nal G

over

nmen

t (M

inis

tries

of E

nviro

nmen

t and

Pub

lic W

orks

) dev

elop

s/ in

itiat

es n

atio

nal p

olic

ies,

pro

gram

s an

d ac

tiviti

es re

late

d to

dom

estic

so

lid w

aste

(gar

bage

) man

agem

ent

2.Pr

ovin

cial

Gov

ernm

ents

(PU

Din

as) c

oord

inat

e lo

cal p

rogr

ams

and

activ

ities

for s

ecto

rs re

late

d to

dom

estic

sol

id w

aste

man

agem

ent.

3. D

istri

ct/C

ity G

over

nmen

ts (S

anita

tion

Din

as/P

ublic

Wor

ks) a

re in

volv

ed in

pla

nnin

g, im

plem

enta

tion

and

mai

nten

ance

act

iviti

es fo

r sol

id w

aste

m

anag

emen

t sec

tor

1. B

AU B

asel

ine

deve

lopm

ent

1.1.

Col

lect

ion

of d

ata

rela

ted

to

dom

estic

sol

id w

aste

a. C

urre

nt a

nd fu

ture

tota

l gar

bage

pr

oduc

ed a

nd it

s co

mpo

sitio

n as

w

ell a

s po

pula

tion

data

and

gar

bage

pi

le ra

teb.

Cur

rent

con

ditio

n an

d fu

ture

ga

rbag

e m

anag

emen

t pla

nnin

g

incl

ude:

(i) g

arba

ge tr

ansp

orta

tion;

(ii

) fina

l gar

bage

man

agem

ent;

(iii)

garb

age

man

agem

ent p

ract

ices

su

ch a

s ga

rbag

e bu

rnin

g or

bi

olog

ical

was

te m

anag

emen

t,c.

Per

cent

age

of g

arba

ge tr

ansp

orte

d to

TPA

(lan

dfill)

d. C

olle

ctiv

ely-

colle

cted

gar

bage

m

anag

emen

t e.

Sep

arat

ely/

indi

vidu

ally

gar

bage

m

anag

emen

t

Min

istry

of P

ublic

W

orks

Publ

ic W

orks

di

nas

Sani

tatio

n di

nas/

Pu

blic

Wor

ks


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

1.2.

Dev

elop

ing

and

agre

eing

to

ass

umpt

ion

requ

ired

for

deve

lopi

ng B

AU b

asel

ine

and

agre

eing

to ti

er (l

evel

of

det

ails

) des

ired

for a

ll go

vern

men

tal l

evel

s

1.3.

Dev

elop

ing

BAU

Bas

elin

e ba

sed

on th

e nu

mbe

r of G

HG

em

issi

ons

prod

uced

from

do

mes

tic s

olid

was

te s

tarti

ng

from

now

on

(201

0) u

ntil

the

futu

re (2

020)

by

usin

g fo

rmul

a fro

m 2

006

IPC

C G

uide

line

a. A

ssum

ptio

n on

gar

bage

com

posi

tion

b. A

ssum

ptio

n on

gar

bage

pile

per

ca

pita

c. E

tc

Sim

ilar t

o da

ta a

bove

(act

iviti

es 1

.1

and

1.2)

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup,

dom

estic

so

lid w

aste

sub

-se

ctor

coo

rdin

ated

by

Min

istry

of P

ublic

W

orks

a. N

atio

nal

wor

king

gro

up

coor

dina

ted

by

Min

istry

of P

ublic

W

orks

dev

elop

s an

d co

mbi

nes

prov

inci

al B

AU

Base

line

into

na

tiona

l BAU

Ba

selin

e b.

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

prov

ides

ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

prog

ram

to

prov

inci

al a

nd

dist

rict/c

ity

wor

king

gro

ups

to

use

2006

IPC

C

form

ula

Prov

inci

al w

orki

ng

grou

p co

ordi

nate

d by

Pub

lic W

orks

di

nase

s to

de

velo

p an

d co

mbi

ne D

istri

ct/

City

BAU

Ba

selin

e in

to

prov

inci

al B

AU

Base

line

Dis

trict

/city

w

orki

ng g

roup

s co

ordi

nate

d by

Sa

nita

tion

dina

s,

Publ

ic W

orks

to

deve

lop

Dis

trict

/C

ity B

AU B

asel

ine


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

2. M

itiga

tion

Scen

ario

D

evel

opm

ent

3. M

itiga

tion

Actio

n Pr

opos

als

4. M

onito

ring

and

Eval

uatio

n

2.1.

Iden

tifyi

ng m

itiga

tion

actio

n po

tent

ial f

or d

omes

tic s

olid

w

aste

sub

-sec

tor

2.2.

Dev

elop

ing

som

e m

itiga

tion

scen

ario

s co

nsis

ting

of s

ome

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

prop

osal

s

2.3.

Est

imat

ing

the

num

ber o

f GH

G

emis

sion

redu

ctio

n fro

m e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

by u

sing

200

6 IP

CC

form

ula

2.4.

Est

imat

ing

miti

gatio

n co

sts

from

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n

3.1.

Adj

ustin

g m

itiga

tion

actio

n pr

opos

als

to th

e lo

cal a

utho

rity,

capa

citie

s an

d ch

arac

teris

tics

3.2.

Adj

ustin

g m

itiga

tion

actio

n pr

opos

als

to n

atio

nal a

nd lo

cal

stra

tegi

c pl

anni

ng

3.3.

Sel

ectin

g m

itiga

tion

actio

n pr

opos

als

4.1.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng e

ach

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

done

Req

uire

d da

ta is

sim

ilar t

o da

ta fr

om

phas

e 1

a. S

ame

with

dat

a 1.

1b.

Dat

a on

TU

POKS

I (Ke

y Ta

sks

and

Func

tions

) of l

ocal

age

ncie

sc.

Dat

a fro

m R

PJPD

/RPJ

MD

do

cum

ents

, mas

ter p

lan

for l

ocal

ga

rbag

e m

anag

emen

t

Dat

a on

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n im

plem

enta

tion

a. N

atio

nal

wor

king

gro

up

coor

dina

ted

by

Min

istry

of P

ublic

W

orks

initi

ates

de

velo

pmen

t of

som

e m

itiga

tion

scen

ario

sb.

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

prov

ides

ca

paci

ty b

uild

ing

prog

ram

to lo

cal

gove

rnm

ent

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

unite

s an

d se

lect

s pr

ovin

cial

m

itiga

tion

actio

n pr

opos

als

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

com

bine

s no

tes

and

repo

rts

of e

ach

prov

ince

an

d co

ordi

nate

with

Ba

ppen

as

Prov

inci

al w

orki

ng

grou

ps s

uppo

rt an

d pr

ovid

e da

ta

for d

evel

opin

g sc

enar

ios

Prov

inci

al w

orki

ng

grou

ps c

oord

inat

e an

d co

mbi

ne d

istri

ct/

city

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

prop

osal

s

Prov

inci

al w

orki

ng

grou

ps c

oord

inat

e,

mon

itor a

nd re

port

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n

from

sev

eral

di

stric

ts/c

ities

to

Nat

iona

l wor

king

gr

oup

Dis

trict

/city

w

orki

ng g

roup

s su

ppor

t, pr

ovid

e da

ta fo

r pro

vinc

ial

wor

king

gro

ups

Dis

trict

/city

w

orki

ng g

roup

s pr

opos

e lo

cal

miti

gatio

n ac

tions

Sani

tatio

n di

nas,

an

d Pu

blic

Wor

k di

nas

carry

out

lo

cal m

itiga

tion

actio

ns a

nd

cond

uct a

ctiv

ities

4.

1-4.

5


Ph

ase

Act

ivity

/Met

hod

Req

uire

d da

ta a

nd

R

ole

in

form

atio

n N

atio

nal

Prov

inci

al

Dis

tric

t/City

5. V

erifi

catio

n

4.2.

Mea

surin

g an

d re

porti

ng G

HG

em

issi

on re

duct

ion

from

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n do

ne 4.

3. R

ecor

ding

and

repo

rting

flo

w a

nd v

alue

of f

unds

fo

r eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n im

plem

enta

tion

4.4.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

cobe

nefit

or n

egat

ive

impa

cts

from

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n do

ne

4.5.

Rec

ordi

ng a

nd re

porti

ng

capa

city

and

inst

itutio

nal

build

ing

prog

ram

s

5.1.

Con

duct

ing

verifi

catio

n of

eac

h m

itiga

tion

actio

n im

plem

enta

tion

base

d on

cr

iteria

/indi

cato

rs s

et fo

r do

mes

tic s

olid

was

te s

ub-

sect

or

Emis

sion

redu

ctio

n da

ta

Dat

a on

reci

pien

ts a

nd th

e am

ount

“Cob

enefi

ts” o

r neg

ativ

e im

pact

dat

a

Dat

a on

cap

acity

and

inst

itutio

nal

build

ing

prog

ram

(if

any)

Dat

a on

miti

gatio

n ac

tion

impl

emen

tatio

n re

port

Nat

iona

l in

depe

nden

t ve

rifica

tion

agen

cy


Input and suggestion may be forwarded to:

1. RAN/RAD-GRK Secretariate c/o Bappenas, Wisma Bakrie II Lantai 6 Jl. HR Rasuna Said Kav. B-2 Jakarta 12920 Tel.: (021) 57945670 Email: [email protected]

2. Directorate for Environment, Bappenas Gedung TS. 2A Lantai 4 Jl. Taman Suropati No. 2 Jakarta 10310 Tel./Fax.: (021) 3900412 Email: [email protected]

3. Deputy Office for Natural Resources and Environment, Bappenas Gedung TS. 2A Lantai 5 Jl. Taman Suropati No. 2 Jakarta 10310 Tel.: (021) 31934671 Fax:. (021) 3144131 Email: [email protected]

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