guieu c 20150707_1700_upmc_jussieu_-_room_201
TRANSCRIPT
SOLAS, a decade of international research at the air-sea interface: main accomplishments and future goals
Cécile Guieu, Emilie Brévière and Véronique Garçon, on behalf of the international SOLAS Scientific Steering Committee
"to achieve quantitative understanding of the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere, and of how this
coupled system affects and is affected by climate and environmental change"
ANTHROPOGENIC and GLOBAL CHANGES,
CLIMATE
Processes taking place at the atmosphere-ocean interface are critical to the regulation of Earth climate, and for the delivery of key services provided by marine ecosystems
Focus 1: Biogeochemical interactions and feedbacks between ocean and
atmosphere
Focus 2: Exchange processes at the air-sea interface and the role of transport and transformation in the atmospheric
and oceanic boundary layers
Focus 3: Air-sea flux of CO2 and other long-lived radiatively-active gases
SOLAS Science Plan & Implementation Strategy, 2004:
White Papers on the Mid term strategy initiatives, 2009:
Evolving Research Directions in Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere (SOLAS) Science,
Law et al. 2013, Environmental Chemistry
SOLAS SCIENCE SINCE 2004
Joint SOLAS/IMBER Carbon WGs: WG1: Surface Ocean Systems WG2: Interior Ocean WG3: Ocean Acidification (OA-ICC)
2014 Synthesis
SOLAS SCIENCE SINCE 2004
Focus 1: Biogeochemical interactions and feedbacks between ocean and
atmosphere
Focus 2: Exchange processes at the air-sea interface and the role of transport and transformation in the atmospheric
and oceanic boundary layers
Focus 3: Air-sea flux of CO2 and other long-lived radiatively-active gases
SOLAS Science Plan & Implementation Strategy, 2004:
Joint SOLAS/IMBER Carbon WGs: WG1: Surface Ocean Systems WG2: Interior Ocean WG3: Ocean Acidification (OA-ICC)
White Papers on the Mid term strategy initiatives, 2009:
SOLAS SCIENCE SINCE 2004
2015, synthesis paper submitted to ANTHROPOCENE « Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study: scientific synthesis and contribution to Earth system science » Emilie H.G. Brévière et al.
Focus 1: Biogeochemical interactions and feedbacks between ocean and
atmosphere
Focus 2: Exchange processes at the air-sea interface and the role of transport and transformation in the atmospheric
and oceanic boundary layers
Focus 3: Air-sea flux of CO2 and other long-lived radiatively-active gases
SOLAS Science Plan & Implementation Strategy, 2004:
White Papers on the Mid term strategy initiatives, 2009:
Joint SOLAS/IMBER Carbon WGs: WG1: Surface Ocean Systems WG2: Interior Ocean WG3: Ocean Acidification (OA-ICC)
SOLAS FIRST DECADE: EX of SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS
Improved quantification of Air-Sea Gas Transfer: a comparison of different wind speed relationships of the water side transfer velocity, kw.
from Johnson, 2012
a step forward to developing physically-based models and bulk parameterizations that predict air-sea fluxes of energy and gases
SOLAS FIRST DECADE: EX of SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS
Quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its variation • The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) was
initiated in 2007. A huge international effort.
• Present Version 2 contains >10 million surface water fCO2 values
• SOCAT version 3 in September 2015 (OSC Kiel)
SOLAS FIRST DECADE: EX of SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS
A revision of the CLAW hypothesis Field and laboratory experiments combined with model calculations performed over the past decades have shown that sources of CCN to the marine boundary layer are more complex than was recognized by the CLAW hypothesis.
Quinn and Bates, 2011
SOLAS FIRST DECADE: EX of SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS
Quantification of the atmospheric source of nutrients to the ocean. Example: NITROGEN • reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition, mainly derived from
anthropogenic combustion or agricultural sources is the main external source of new nitrogen to the ocean.
• Deposition has dramatically increased since pre-industrial time
• According to models, atmospheric Nr contributions to marine primary production in 2030 could approach current estimates of global marine biological N2 fixation, another source of Nr to the ocean
Duce et al, 2008.
SOLAS FIRST DECADE: EX of SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS
Importance of iron biogeochemistry in the ocean, link with the atmospheric inputs and impact for global climate Thanks to • repeat transects the spatial gradients
and temporal trends in aerosol deposition and upper ocean iron cycling
• in situ manipulation experiments “ocean iron Addition Experiments”
Fe supply mechanisms from the atmosphere and ocean, and oceanic biological recycling
Implications of deliberate iron fertilisation for the natural Fe cycle
Potential implications of deliberate iron fertilisation for climate related processes.
Brévière et al., submitted
Some examples of SOLAS research with societal relevance
Megacities and the coastal zone: air-sea interactions (IGBP)
2013 Hutchinson Medal Institution of Chemical
Engineers (IChemE)
Published in 2010
Published in 2012
Ocean acidification
Crosscutting Themes:
– Integrated Topics – SOLAS and Geoengineering – SOLAS Science and Society
Greenhouse gases and the oceans
Air-sea interface and fluxes of mass and energy Atmospheric deposition and
ocean biogeochemistry
Aerosols, clouds, and ecosystems
Ocean biogeochemical controls on atmospheric
chemistry
SOLAS 2015-2025 core themes
NEW SCIENCE PLAN currently UNDER REVIEW
SOLAS Study Regions
Colored regions highlight areas of interest for research themes of SOLAS 2015-2025.
These five core themes will be investigated together in integrated, system-based projects across the entire ocean, as well as in focused laboratory studies.
14
•IGBP is winding down in 2015 and Future Earth research for Global sustainability started in 2013 •SOLAS decided that it will transition from IGBP to Future Earth in the first half of 2014. •In this new landscape, SOLAS 2015-2025 will have more emphasis on the human relevance of SOLAS science (e.g. geoengineering and ecosystem services)
SOLAS in the new landscape of Global Change science coordination
16
Strategic Research Agenda 2014
Dynamic Planet Global Sustainable
Development
Transformations towards
Sustainability
… for sustainable management of marine ecosystem services
Future Earth = three Research Themes
SOLAS fundamental research on air-sea interactions ….
… are required
8 key Global Challenges
2025 vision
5 Core Themes + Crosscutting Themes
SOLAS 2015-2025
Water energy
food
8 key Global Challenges
2025 vision
5 Core Themes + Crosscutting Themes
SOLAS 2015-2025
7
Water energy
food
Upcoming event
20
SOLAS International Project Office: GEOMAR- Helmholtz-Zentrum fuer Ozeanforschung Kiel 24105 Kiel, Germany www.solas-int.org [email protected] SOLAS Sponsors:
SOLAS Funders: