gujarat technological university- ahmedabad · 2021. 6. 11. · nptel video lecture by prof. rajat...

Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT- Tutorial-RBT-2160603-A.Y.-2020

Department of Civil Engineering- Tutorial for Railway, Bridge and Tunnel Engg, Sem-VI-Civil Engg

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY-

AHMEDABAD DARSHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

RAJKOT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING B.E. CIVIL -SEM-VI –

SUBJECT: RAILWAY BRIDGE AND TUNNEL ENGINEERING (2160603)

ASSIGNMENT –YEAR 2020

Instructions:

1) Every student has to complete and check it to respective teacher before Date of

completion.

2) During each lecture, student should write important points of the lecture (such as

brief notes, equations, sketches, etc). Many lectures have numerical which may be

partially solved in the class. These problems should be completed before the next

class. Sometimes, additional problems will be given during the class and those also

should be completed before the next lecture.

3) If you miss the lectures for medical reason, submit the doctor certificate to Head of

department and keep the zerox with you till the end of the semester.

4) The lecture notes will be randomly evaluated by myself without any prior notice.

5) Student should start writing tutorial with keeping first page question set zerox

sheet.

Evaluation –

Mid Sem. Exam-Module-1 30

MARKS DISTRIBUTION

Presence in lecture. + Lecture Notes preparation 25

Timely Tutorial preparation, Campus discipline 25

Total 80

This year syllabus is changed and as per given syllabus the marks distribution as

follows

Chapter Number

Subject Tentative Marks

Chapter wise

marks

Total Marks out of 70

% Share Chapter

wise

% Share Total

1

RAILWAY ENGINEERING

8 TO 10 35 12 50

2 10 TO 12 15

3 10 TO 12 15

4 7 TO 10 8

5 BRIDGE ENGINEERING

20 TO 25 20 30 30

6 TUNNEL ENGINEERING

15 TO 20 15 20 20

In light of GTU paper style and for better understanding it is required to understand

the component parts by drawing sketch so the arrangement may be visualize in

correct manner. In the same line of action our tutorial is divided in two parts

(A) question answer and

(B) drawing parts.



Note:

Each tutorial is divides in two parts

PART A- QUESTION ANSWER

PART-B- DRAWING A SKETCH OF GIVEN PARTS –

USE SKETCH BOOK OR BLANK PAGE ( as use in zerox) Reference Material:

Sr.No Author of Book Division Short name of Author

01 S.C. Saxena- Railway Railway SAXENA

02 Satish Chandra Railway SATISH

03 S.P. Bindra Bridge SPB

04 S.C. Saxena Tunnel SCS

05 R Srinivasa kumar Railway RSK

06 B L Gupta, Amit Gupta Railway, Bridge and Tunnel BLG

07 R Agor Railway and Highway RAGOR

NPTEL Video lecture by Prof. Rajat Rastogi…..collect from library/ Concern subject teacher



GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY-AHMEDABAD Darshan Institute Of Engineering And Technology Rajkot

B.E. CIVIL -SEM-VI – A.Y.-2020 SUBJECT: RAILWAY BRIDGE AND TUNNEL ENGINEERING (2160603)

TUTORIAL-1 Date of completion: 25/01/2020

PART-A

CHAPTER-1 RAILWAY TRACK COMPONENT 1.1 INTRODUCTION Year Mark

1 Enlist social advantages of railways. MAY-18 03

2 Write development of Indian Railways. MAY-17 03

3 Compare rail transport and Road transport

1.2 RAILWAY TRACK GAUGE 4 Write functions of construction gauge and loading gauge 07

5 Define gauge. Enlist types of gauges used in India. MAY-17 01

6 Explain the factors affecting selection of railway gauge. MAY-18 04

1.3 TRACK AND TRACK STRESSES 7 Enlist the component parts of permanent way. MAY-18 03

8 Explain how conning of wheels helps in train maneuverability NOV-17 04

9 What is creep? Discuss the theories propounded to explain probable causes of creep.

OCT-16 07

1.4 RAILS

10 What are the functions of rails? Explain the various types of rails in use

NOV-18 07

11 Suggest length of one BG rail and its weight per meter. NOV-17 03

1.5 SLEEPER

12 Compare steel sleeper and prestressed concrete sleeper suggest which is best.

NOV-17 07

13 Find out expression for sleeper density for a B.G track if 18 sleepers are used under a rail length.

MAY-18 03

1.6 BALLAST

14 What is Ballast? Write Function and requirement of good ballast.

MAY-16 07

15 Define ballast. Give the requirements of a good ballast. MAY-18 07

16 Enlist the function of ballast, What is boxing? NOV-17 03

17 Discuss specification of Track ballast. MAY-17 04

1.7 TRACK FITTINGS

18 Explain the importance of different fittings and fixtures used like

1. Pandrol clip 2. Rubber liner 3. Fish plate 4. Spike MAY-18 04



PART-B Draw the below listed sketch showing all component parts, dimension with suitable scale (

some sketch no need of scale) sketch should be proportionate.

01 RAILWAY TRACK GAUGE

02 INDIAN RAILWAY DIFFERENT GAUGE DIMENSION

Standard gauge – 1.435 m 4’ 9”

03 LOADING GAUGE

04 RAILWAY ALIGNMENT

I



II

III

05 DIMENSIONAL CROSS SECTION OF SINGLE LINE TRACK - BG



06 TYPICAL DOUBLE LINE CROSS SECTION ON BANK ( FILLING/EMBANKMENT)

07 TYPICAL DOUBLE LINE CROSS SECTION IN CUTTING

08 CONNING OF WHEEL



08 Different types of Rail

09 DIMENSIONAL SKETCH OF FLAT FOOTED RAIL – 52 KG/M AND 60 KG/M RAIL



11 COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SLeeper

Characteristics Wooden Steel C.I. PS Concrete

Track circuiting Best Difficult Difficult Easy

Damage by white ant and corrosion

Can be damaged Corrosion possible Corrosion possible Not possible Strength M52.5 Wt-270 Kg

Suitability for fastenings Suitable for CF* and EF** Suitable for CF* and EF** Suitable for CF * only Suitable for EF** only

Track Elasticity Good Good Good Best

Creep Excessive Less Less Minimum

Scrap value Low Higher Higher None



12 Steel trough sleeper

13 Mono block prestressed concrete sleeper



14 STANDARD BALLAST PROFILE FOR BG TRACK

15 BALLAST SPECIFICATION AS PER INDIAN RAILWAY –PHYSICAL AND GRADATION



16 LAYING OF GEOTEXTILE IN TRACK

17 FISH PLATE

Cross section

18 FITTINGS FOR WOODEN SLEEPER- DOG SPIKE, ROUND SPIKE AND FANG BOLT

Dog spike ROUND SPIKE FANG BOLT Screw spike



Track fittings

RUBBER LINER





TUTORIAL-2 : GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF RAILWAY TRACK Date of completion: 31/01/2020

PART-A

Q-1 If a 70 curve track diverges from a main curve of 40 in an opposite direction

in the layout of a broad gauge yard, Calculate the super-elevation and the

speed on the branch line, if the maximum speed permitted on the main line

is 50 kmph. (Oct-2018)

Q-2 Compute an equilibrium cant on a B.G. track of 30 horizontal curve for a

speed of 60 kmph, and also determine the maximum permissible speed

after allowing the maximum cant deficiency. (May-2014)

Q-3 Define the following ( All the Exam of GTU)

(i) Ruling Gradient (ii) Pusher Gradient

(iii) Momentum Gradient (iv) Equilibrium Cant

(vi) Cant deficiency (vii) Compensated gradients for curvature

Q-4 From a layout of B.G. yard, 60 curve branches off from a 20 main

curve in an opposite direction. If speed is restricted to 28 kmph on branch

line and permissible cant deficiency is 7.61cm. Determine the speed

restriction on main line.

(May-2014)

Q-5 Discuss the necessity of Geometric design of a railway track. ( SAXENA-

Page 14.8)

Q-6 If the ruling gradient is 1 in 150 on a particular section of BG track and at the

same time a curve of 5° (degree) is situated on this ruling gradient, what

should be the allowable gradient?

Q-7 Find the speed for which superelevation is to be maintained if the speed of

several train running on a main curved track are as follows:

(i) 15 trains at a speed of 50 kmph (ii) 25 trains at a speed of 60 kmph

(iii) 5 trains at a speed of 70 kmph (ii) 8 trains at a speed of 70 kmph

Q-8 Find out the steepest gradient on a straight track using the following data:

(1) No. of wagons = 20 (2) Weight of each wagon = 18 t (3) Rolling

resistance of wagon = 2.5 kg/t (4) Speed of train = 50 kmph (5) Weight of

locomotive = 120 t (6) Tractive effort of locomotive = 12 t (7) Rolling

resistance of locomotive = 3.5 kg/t

Part B- No sketch in Tutorial -2





TUTORIAL-3 : RAILWAY TRACTION AND TRACK RESISTANCE

Date of completion:10/02/2020

NOTE : 1) Do not draw where asked to draw, as it is included in sketch( Part-B) , but it is keep as it is to

make your attention for GTU exam point of view 2) Do not write repeated questions ( look carefull first then start to write as there are no of

questions are repeated in same chapter

CHAPTER-3 RAILWAY TRACTION AND TRACK RESISTANCE

3.1 Stresses on railway track Year Mark

1 What are the various types of stresses induced in railway track? Explain each of them.

OCT-16 07

2 Explain resistance due to friction that locomotive in motion has to overcome.

NOV-18 03

3 Explain train resistance due to friction. DEC-19 03

4

Find out the steepest gradient on a straight track using the following data:

(1) No. of wagons = 20

(2) Weight of each wagon = 18 t

(3) Rolling resistance of wagon = 2.5 kg/t

(4) Speed of train = 50 kmph

(5) Weight of locomotive = 120 t

(6) Tractive effort of locomotive = 12 t

(7) Rolling resistance of locomotive = 3.5 kg/t

DEC-19 07

3.2 POINTS AND CROSSING

5 Enumerate various types of track junctions in use. Explain scissor cross-over with a neat sketch.

OCT-16 07

6 Draw a sketch of turnout and explain its components. MAY-17 03

7 Draw the sketch of turnout, show all the component parts- points, crossing, stock rail, check rail, wing rail, ANC,TNC, lead rail.

NOV-17 07

8 Draw the neat sketch of simple left hand turnout and show its various component parts. Explain the working principle of the turnout.

NOV-18 07

9 Draw a sketch of turnout and explain its components. MAY-19 03

10 Write a short note on ‘Diamond Interchange’ with the sketch. MAY-19 04 3.3 RAILWAY STATION AND YARDS

11 Give the purpose of railway station. NOV-18 03

12 What are the facility requirements of railway station? NOV-18 07

13 Explain the factors that influence the selection of site for a Railway Station. OCT-16 07

14 Explain different types of station yards. MAY-17 07

15 List the purposes of railway station. MAY-18 07

16 Which facilities are required at railway station? MAY-17 03

17 Differentiate between junction, terminal and yard. NOV-17 03

18 What is the difference between block station and non block station. NOV-17 03

19 Classify railway station. MAY-17 01

3.4 SIGNALLING AND INTERLOCKING ( Any 5)

20 Explain objectives of signaling. MAY-18 07

21 Explain methods of interlocking. MAY-16 07

22 Explain semaphore signals and Coloured light signals. MAY-16 07

23 Define Signaling and Interlocking. MAY-17 01

24 Classify Railway signals in detail. MAY-17 07

25 Suggest the function and location of warner, home and starter signal. NOV-17 04

26 Enlist essential principles of interlocking. MAY-18 03

27 What are the objectives of signaling and interlocking in railway? Discuss with sketches of different types of signals used in railway.

MAY-19 07

Sketch is as per Part B



PART-B -Tutorial 3 Draw the below listed sketch showing all component parts, dimension with suitable scale ( some

sketch no need of scale) sketch should be proportionate.

01 Points and crossing

02 Left hand turnout

03 Details of switch



04 Sleeprs for points and crossing 05 Diamond crossing

06 Single slip

07 Double slip

08 Scissor crossover



09 Gauntletted trck

10 Gauntletted trck for mixed gauge

11 Gathering line

12 Classification of railway line



13 Class A Double –line railway station

14 Class B Single –line railway station

15 Class C Double –line railway station

16 Layout of Halt station



17 Layout of Flag ststion

18 Juncton station with single main line and single branch line

19 Terminal station

20 Marshelling Yard



21 Clsiification of signal

23 Signal requirements as per class of station

24 Semaphore signal



25 Position of semaphore signal

26 Warner and semaphore arm position and its intention

27 Meanings of colour of signal




B.E. CIVIL -SEM-VI – A.Y.-2020 SUBJECT: RAILWAY BRIDGE AND TUNNEL ENGINEERING (2160603) TUTORIAL-4 : RAILWAY TRACK CONSTRUCTION –MONO RAIL- SAFETY

Date of completion:28/02/2020


make your attention for GTU exam point of view 2) Do not write repeated questions ( look carefully first then start to write as there are no of


CHAPTER-4 RAILWAY TRACKS ( ATTEMPT ANY 8)

1 Write short note: (I) Metro rails (II) Mono rails

MAY-16 07

2 Explain causes of rail accidents and their remedial measures. MAY-16 07

3 Explain the various steps needed for modernizing the railway track for running high speed trains.

OCT-16 07

4 Which are the stages involved in construction of new railway line? MAY-17 01

5 Write objectives of maintenance of railway track. MAY-17 01

6 Explain Track Drainage. MAY-17 04

7 Explain stepwise procedure for construction of new railway line. NOV-17 04

8 Why maintenance is necessary in railway line? Enlist the essentials of track maintenance.

NOV-17 07

9 Enlist the salient features of metro rail. NOV-17 03

10 Explain Track Drainage. NOV-18 04

11 Explain causes of rail accidents and their remedial measures in brief. NOV-18 04

12 Explain Mono rails and Metro rails. MAY-17 04

13 Write short note on Mono rails. NOV-18 04

11 Explain Track Drainage. NOV-18 04

12 Explain causes of rail accidents and their remedial measures in brief. NOV-18 04

13 Write short note on Mono rails. NOV-18 04

14 Describe the various measures to be taken for preventing railway accidents. MAY-19 04

15 Discuss metro rail in brief. DEC-19 03

16 Explain causes of rail accidents and their remedial measures. DEC-19 04

Part-B Sketch

01 Drainage of platform



02 Limits of Track tolerances on Indian railway

03 Accident Classification





TUTORIAL-5 : BRIDGE

Date of completion: 10/03/2020 NOTE :

1) Do not draw where asked to draw, as it is included in sketch( Part-B) , but it is keep as it is to make your attention for GTU exam point of view

2) Do not write repeated questions ( look carefully first then start to write as there are no of questions are repeated in same chapter

Chapter-5 Bridge Engineering – DO NOT WRITE REPEATED QUESTIONS

5.1 GENERAL (ANY EIGHT)

1 Explain the factors affecting selection of an ideal bridge site. MAY-16 07

2 What is „economic span‟ of a bridge? Derive the expression for economic span of bridge.

OCT-16 07

3 What are the causes of scouring? MAY-17 01

4 Define : Afflux and Economic span. MAY-17 01

5 Discuss factors affecting site selection of bridge. MAY-17 03

6 As an Executive engineer of R and B you have to select the site for bridge, enlist the factors which you keep in mind.

NOV-17 04

7 Discuss factors affecting site selection of bridge. NOV-18 04

8 What is „economic span‟ of a bridge? Derive the expression for economic span of bridge.

NOV-18 07

9 Write a short note on Scour depth. NOV-18 03

10 Write short note on bridge alignment. MAY-18 04

11 Enlist the factors which you keep in mind during the selection of an appropriate site for the bridge as an engineer.

MAY-19 03

12 Discuss components of bridges with neat sketch. MAY-19 04

13 Explain cut water & ease water. MAY-19 04

14 Write a short note on Economic Span of the bridge. MAY-19 03

15 Explain ideal bridge site characteristics. DEC-19 03

16 With the help of neat sketch explain components of a bridge. DEC-19 07

17 Write short note on hydraulic design of bridge. DEC-19 07 5.2 CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGE ( ANY NINE)

1 Write types and function of bearing. Explain rocker and roller bearing. MAY-16 07

2 Explain classification of wings walls with neat sketches. OCT-16 07

3 Explain rocker bearing with sketch. MAY-17 01

4 Define the terms: i) Water way ii) Afflux iii) Free board NOV-18 03

5 Discuss components of bridges with neat sketch. MAY-17 04

6

Draw sketch of bridge- elevation and side view, show all the component parts like sub structure, super structure, pier, abutment, bearings, wing wall, weep holes, expansion joint, girder, parapet.

NOV-17 07

7 Explain the function of bearing in bridge, draw sketch of any one type of bearing and clearly show the place where it is provided in bridge.

NOV-17 04

8 Define Bridge. Enlist components parts of a bridge. MAY-18 03

9 Give classification of bridge, Draw detail chart with sketch. MAY-18 07

10 Write short note on rocker bearing with sketch. MAY-18 03

11 Write types and function of bearing. NOV-18 03

12 Give classification of bridge based on super structure. NOV-18 03

13 What do you understand by temporary and movable bridges? MAY-17 03

14 Give classification of bridge based on super structure. MAY-17 04

15 Explain cut water & ease water with sketch. MAY-18 04

16 Write brief note on bridge alignment. DEC-19 03 17 Describe history of bridge developments. DEC-19 04

18 Write types and function of bearing. Explain rocker and roller bearing. MAY-19 07



5.3 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION METHODS ( Any 4)

1 List out stresses acting on bridge. MAY-17 01

2 Discuss with sketch erection of steel arch bridge. MAY-16 07

3 Describe the method of erection of a steel bridge truss with neat sketches. OCT-16 07

4 Write method of erection of steel girder bridges. MAY-17 07

5 Enlist the various methods of erection of steel girder bridge and explain stepwise procedure of any one by drawing sketch.

NOV-17 07

6 Write short note on suspension bridge. MAY-18 07

7 Write a short note on Suspension bridge. MAY-19 04

8 Discuss erection of steel girders. DEC-19 04

5.4 MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGE ( Any 5)

1 Explain strengthening of bridges. MAY-17 04

2 Explain various defects in bridge. MAY-17 04

3 Enlist each defects in bridge and its corresponding remedial measure to be required by bridge engineer

NOV-17 07

4 Discuss stages involved in bridge investigation. NOV-18 04

5 Explain various defects in bridge. NOV-18 04

6 Write Short note on “maintenance of bridges”. – same question NOV-18 07

7 Write Short note on “maintenance of bridges”.- same question MAY-16 07

8 Write short note on “ Bridge architecture”. MAY-16 07

9 Discuss stages involved in bridge investigation. MAY-17 07

10 Enumerate the general maintenance works for the steel and concrete bridges.

DEC-19 07

Part –B- Skectch-Tutoroal-5-Bridge Engineering

01 History of Development of Bridge



02 Component parts of Bridge

03 Cut water and Ease water in Bridge Pier

04 Classification of Bearing



05 Components Parts of Bridge

Elevation

Plan

06 Shapes of Bridge Piers

07 Afflux phenomena



Wing wall, Weep hole location

Submersible bridge

Bascule bridge Traverse Bridge

Pipe culvert

Cable suspension bridge



Rocker bearing Rocker bearng( Optional)

Roller bearing

Rubber bearing ( Neoprene Rubber bearing)

Expansion joint in Bridge-Type 1



Expansion joint in Bridge Type 2

Erection of steel truss bridge – Stage 1 to 4

Defects in bridge and remedial measure –GTU May-2011,2012,2016

Repair by underpinning Strengthening of pier by Pile foundation



Eroson of foundation

Strengthning by pile foundation

River training work-





TUTORIAL-6 : TUNNEL Date of completion: 20/03/2020


make your attention for GTU exam point of view 2) Do not write repeated questions ( look carefully first then start to write as there are no of


Chapter-6 Tunnel Engineering 6.1 GENERAL ASPECTS - Any 7

1 Give tunnel classification briefly. MAY-17 01

2 Define Portal and Shaft. MAY-17 01

3 Draw sketch of different shapes of tunnel. MAY-17 03

4 Explain the need of tunnel and its disadvantage. NOV-17 04

5 Write advantages of tunneling. MAY-18 03

6 Give advantages of shaft. MAY-18 04

7 Describe how you will transfer the centre line from ground to inside of tunnel with sketch.

MAY-18 07

8 Classify the tunnel based on purposes. MAY-18 03

9 Explain the significance of shaft and portals in tunnel. NOV-17 04

10 Give advantages of the shaft. MAY-19 03

11

Under which circumstances do you prefer Tunneling? Classify the tunnels according to their shape and size. Explain with sketch any two of them.

MAY-19 07

12 Draw sketch of different shapes of the tunnel. MAY-19 03

13 Why tunnels are constructed? Describe its advantages. DEC-19 03

14 Give classification of tunnels. DEC-19 03

6.2 TUNNELING IN HARD ROACK ( Any 2)

1 What is drift? Explain various types of drifts used for tunneling in rock with neat sketches.

OCT-16 07

2 Discuss any one method of tunneling in hard rock. MAY-17 07

3 Enlist the various methods of tunneling in hard rock, explain step wise procedure of any one by drawing sketch.

NOV-17 07

4 Discuss any one method of tunneling in hard rock. NOV-18 07

6.2 TUNNELING IN SOFT GROUND ( Both compulsory(2))

1 Explain methods of tunneling in soft ground. MAY-16 07

2 Explain Needle beam method. MAY-18 07

3 Explain methods of tunneling in soft ground. DEC-19 07

6.3 LIGHTING VENTILATION AND DUST CONTROL ( Any 3)

1 Explain various methods for “Tunnel ventilation” MAY-16 07

2 Write a short note on: (i) Portals (ii) Problems in tunneling. OCT-16 07

3 Write a short note on Mechanical Ventilation in Tunneling OCT-16 07

4 Explain various methods of tunnel ventilation. MAY-17 07

5 Explain various methods of tunnel ventilation. MAY-19 07



6 What is the necessity of ventilation and dust control in tunneling? Explain with

sketches their methods. DEC-19 07

6.4 DRAINAGE AND SAFETY ( Any 6 )

1 Write short note on “ Safety Precautions in tunneling” MAY-16 07

2 Why drainage is necessary in tunnel? Discuss various drainage systems for tunnel.

MAY-16 07

3 Which are the unfavorable conditions observed during tunnel construction?

4 Write safety precautions in tunnel construction. MAY-17 03

5 As a safety engineer suggest the safety measures is necessary while tunnel construction is going on.

NOV-17 07

6 What are the causes of accidents in tunnel? MAY-18 04

7 Discuss the drainage system in tunnel construction. NOV-18 04

8 Write safety precautions in tunnel construction. NOV-18 04

9 Explain various methods of tunnel ventilation. NOV-18 07

10 Write safety precautions in tunnel construction. MAY-19 04

11 Write short note on safety in tunnel construction. DEC-19 04

12 What is the necessity of drainage in tunnel? Discuss various drainage systems

for tunnel. DEC-19 04

PART – B SKETCH

01 Shape of Tunnel ( Optional)



02 Tunnel shaft

03 Portals for Tunnel

04 Method of Tunneling in hard Rock

05 Tunneling in hard Rock- Heading and Bench method



06 Tunneling in Hard Rock – Drift Method

07 Methods of Tunneling in soft ground

08 Tunneling in soft ground – Needle beam method

09 Tunneling in soft ground – Linear plate Method

Stage 1 Stage 2



10 Tunnel ventilation by Exhausting and by Blowing

11 Central drain system in Tunnel

12 Sectional View of tunnel Boring machine

gujarat technological university- ahmedabad · 2021. 6. 11. · nptel video lecture by prof. rajat...

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