gulf stream: structure and strategyl •cold air outbreaks drive extremely active convection over...
TRANSCRIPT
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“Races are lost on the water”
Anon..
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Perpetual Ocean
https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3827
The nature of the problem ….
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North Atlantic Gyre
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A boundary between cold shelf water and warm Sargasso Sea water
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Water Temperatures … IMPORTANT !!
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and Salinity Gradients !
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Daily composite Satellite Image – Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Showing Gulf Stream and Associated Features
Source: http://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu/
Gulf Stream
Main Body
Meander
Warm Core Ring
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From: Stommel, , The Gulf Stream , 1965
Typical Main Body Structure
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Migrates 10-20nm/day 150-300km diameter
Drift 0.1kt
Warm Core
Cold Core
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Sources of Information
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So… What do we see today ?
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CLOUDS !!
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Lesson: START ANALYSIS EARLY !!
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Using a Variety of Resources
• Scales of Variability
• Needed/Desired Accuracy
• Reception Limitations
• Sensory Overload
Keeping in mind…….
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http://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
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http://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
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Source: http://ecowatch.ncddc.noaa.gov/JAG/Navy/
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http://fermi.jhuapl.edu/avhrr/gs/index.html
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Satellite Altimetry (Geodesy)
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http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dataphod/work/trinanes/INTERFACE/index.html
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http://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
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http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/global/
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http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/global/monitor/
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http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/global/monitor/
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Important !!!
THE GULF STREAM IS A WEATHER BREEDER
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L
• Cold air outbreaks drive extremely active convection over the region of the Gulf Stream. The same will be true anywhere we have similar conditions. IMPORTANT !!
22oC
14oC
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Source: van Dorn 1993 Oceanography and Seamanship 2nd ed.
Winds against
the current
Winds with the
current
Ocean Wave Periods
T typical = 10 sec
Vc = ~ 5kts
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https://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/ncep/NCEP
Preparation might include review of previous race conditions…
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Summary
• North Atlantic winds drive a clockwise circulation
in which the Gulf Stream forms the western boundary
• The Gulf Stream is a prominent thermal boundary,
narrow in width, variable in space and time
• The main body of the Stream in the vicinity of the
Newport-Bermuda Rhumb Line is often accompanied
by a number of rings shed north and south of it
• Warm air rising from the Stream and its rings can
significantly affect local weather
• The development of optimum strategies for crossing
the Gulf Stream requires study over several months
incorporating direct observations and models
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• For me the place to start would be Instantaneous satellite
images moving, if necessary, to composites (1-7 day)
• Determine the basic structure and location of the Gulf Stream
i.e. presence of meanders, rings, etc. and rates of evolution
• Compare satellite imagery to altimetry based model and, if
necessary RTOFS or other computer models.
• Evaluate probable sea state conditions existing and forecast
• Develop routing plan on the morning of the Race Start and
print out latest satellite and/or altimetry (remember delays)
along with key weather forecasts
ENJOY !!
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