gusset plate research update
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
1/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Gusset Plate Research UpdateGusset Plate Research Update
Joey Hartmann
FHWA Turner-Fairbank
Highway Research Center
Research that is Essential, Indispensable,
and Connected to our Customers
Research that is Essential, Indispensable,
and Connected to our Customers
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
2/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Incompletedesign of U10
gusset plate
prompted NTSB
to issue interim
Recommendation
H-08-1 on 1.15.08
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
3/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
NTSB Interim Recommendation H-08-1NTSB Interim Recommendation H-08-1
For all non-load-path-redundant steel truss bridges within the
National Bridge Inventory, require that bridge owners conduct
load capacity calculations to verify that the stress levels in allstructural elements, including gusset plates, remain within
applicable requirements whenever planned modifications or
operational changes may significantly increase stresses.
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
4/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Technical Advisory 5140.29
January 15, 2008U.S. Departmentof TransportationFederal Highway
Administration
Load ratings required according to the AASHTO Manual for
Condition Evaluation of Bridges. The following supplemental
actions are recommended:
New or replaced truss bridges check gusset plate capacity as part
of the initial load rating.
Existing truss bridges check gusset plate capacity when load rating
after condition or load changes of the structure.
Review previous load rating calculations for truss bridges that have
undergone significant changes is stress levels previously in theirservice life.
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
5/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Nashville MeetingNashville Meeting
Ed Wasserman, TN DOT
Rick Crawford, TN DOT
Firas Ibrahim, FHWA Bill Wright, FHWA
Joey Hartmann, FHWA
John Kulicki, M&M
John Fisher, Lehigh
Ted Galambos, U. of MN Joe Yura, UT
Rob Connor, Purdue
Outcomes
Insufficient research to support further refinement of the FHWA Guide.No clear consensus on what might typically govern gusset plate design.
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
6/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Gusset Plate RatingGusset Plate Rating
The best available knowledge
FHWA compiles Load Rating Guidanceand Examples For Bolted and Riveted
Gusset Plates in Truss Bridges
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
7/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
FHWA NCHRP Joint Study (Project 12-84)FHWA NCHRP Joint Study (Project 12-84)
Underway in late 2008
Expected completion in late
2010 Objective is to verify or create
better knowledge...that can be
used to revise (if necessary) or
extend the FHWA Guide and
result in AASHTO specifications
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
8/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
NCHRP PanelNCHRP Panel
Ed Wasserman, TN DOT
Chair
Wahid Albert, NYS DOT Ralph Anderson, IL DOT
Matt Farrar, ITD
Paul Liles, GA DOT
Anne Rearick, IN DOT
Kevin Western, MN DOT
John Kulicki, Modjeski and
Masters
Dennis Mertz, University ofDelaware
Tom Everett, FHWA Liaison
Stephen Maher, TRB
Liaison
Waseem Dekelbab, NCHRPStaff
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
9/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Research TeamResearch Team
Bill Wright, VaTech
Don White, GaTech
Roberto Leon, GaTech
Justin Ocel, Turner-Fairbank
Several GaTech and VaTech Grad Students
Joey Hartmann, Turner-Fairbank
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
10/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Gusset Plate Research NCHRP 12-84Gusset Plate Research NCHRP 12-84 Task 1 Literature Review
Task 2 Evaluation of Gusset Plate Configurations
Task 3 Finite Element Methodology Task 4 Finite Element Results
Task 5 Experimental Design
Task 6 LRFD Calibration for Truss Bridges
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
11/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and RatingTask 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and Rating
Reviewed 20 truss plans from eight different states
Spans ranged from 114 to 825 feet
Designed between 1929 and 1990
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
12/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and RatingTask 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and Rating
Rt 23 Bridge, St Cloud
SR 54-13Over Cattaraugus Creek I-80 Over Clarion River
I-40 Over French Broad River
SR 56 Over Caney Fork River
SR 67 OverWa tauga River Station 0+09 Over Cumberland River
SR 100 Over Harpeth River
SR 24 Over Round Lick Creek SR 375 OverH arrell Bridge
I-35W Over Mississippi
SR 14 Over I.C.R.R. & Nonconnah Creek
Kootenai Highway, Moyie River Bridge I-94 Over Little Calumet River
I-474 Over Illinois River SR 56-TOver Salt Fork Creek
I-64 Over Ohio River
Bridge Over Ohio R iver, Mauckport
Bridge Over Ohio River, Cannelton
I-275 Over Ohio River
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
13/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and RatingTask 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and Rating
Gusset plate thickness ranged from 3/8 to 2-1/16,~45% of these ranged from 1/2 1
Thick plates (>1-1/4) were shingled Plates used either grade ~30, 36, 50, or 100 material
All fasteners were either 7/8 or 1 diameter rivets orA325 bolts
Free edge slenderness under the compressiondiagonal ranged from 8.3 to 74.7
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
14/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and RatingTask 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and Rating
Selected four typical connections to be used for
detailed finite element study
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
15/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and RatingTask 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and Rating Bridge 40 selected for shingle plate detail
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
16/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and RatingTask 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and Rating Bridge 23 selected for shallow entry angle of diagonals
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
17/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and RatingTask 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and Rating Bridge 94 selected for steep entry angle and stand-offdistance of diagonals
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
18/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and RatingTask 2 Gusset Plate Configuration and Rating Bridge 80 this connection was modified for use asexample in FHWA Guide
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
19/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 3 Finite Element MethodologyTask 3 Finite Element Methodology
Analyze joints in a two panel truss configuration
Use shell elements represent the joint locally, beam
elements everywhere else
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
20/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 3 Finite Element MethodologyTask 3 Finite Element Methodology
2-Step Analysis
1) Apply 1.25(DL)
2) Apply 1.75(LL + IM)
and amplify untilfailure
** Applied loading caused axial forces
in compression diagonal and chord
nearest to it to match construction
plans, others were close. **
)(75.1)(25.1 IMLLAFDLPFEA
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
21/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 3 Finite Element MethodologyTask 3 Finite Element Methodology
Shell elements used nonlinear material properties
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
Stress(ksi)
Strain(in/in)
Truestress&strain(Fy=50ksi)
Truestress&strain(Fy=36ksi)
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
22/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 3 Finite Element MethodologyTask 3 Finite Element Methodology Fasteners modeled with Abaqus Connector elements to avoid modeling holes
Fasteners given nonlinear shear force/shear displacement relationship
Fasteners have a radius of influence to spread out load from connector (i.e. head and nut
diameter)
0.00
49.48
65.98
82.47
87.20
0.00
37.88
50.51
63.14
66.76
0.00
16.96
22.62
28.2729.89
0.00
12.99
17.32
21.65 22.89
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Shear Displacement (inch)
Fastener
Force
in
Single
Shear
(kips)
1" dia. bolts
7/8" dia. bolts
1" dia. Rivets
7/8" dia. Rivets
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
23/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 4 Finite Element ResultsTask 4 Finite Element Results In all four connections, the members failed (fully
plastified) prior to the gusset plate. Therefore
members were specified with elastic properties to
force failure in gusset plate. In a one cases, the fasteners had to be assigned
elastic properties to force gusset plate failure modes
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
24/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 4 Finite Element Results (Bridge 40, AF=2.98)Task 4 Finite Element Results (Bridge 40, AF=2.98)
- 0 ksi
- 16 ksi
- 72 ksi
- 8 ksi
- 64 ksi
- 24 ksi
- 56 ksi
- 32 ksi
- 48 ksi
- 80 ksi
- 40 ksi
< ---- yield
Von Mises Stress
- 0
Plastic Strain
- 10
- 10010 - 5009
- 15010 - 20000 - 25000 - 30000 - 35000 - 40000
Shingle Plate Hidden Shingle Plate Shown
Lesson
Shingle plate may not
attract as much load as
assumed in design
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
25/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 4 Finite Element ResultsTask 4 Finite Element Results Bridge 40
Vertical Deflection at L9 (in)
0 1 2 3 4
LiveLoadAmplificationFactor(AF)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
STRENGTH I(AF = 0.97)
Ultimate Capacity (AF = 2.98)
"Failure"(AF = 1.92)
U8
L7
Tension
Ten
sion
Compression
Compression
L9
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
26/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 4 Finite Element Results (Bridge 40, AF=2.98)Task 4 Finite Element Results (Bridge 40, AF=2.98)
Plastic Strain
- 10
- 10010 - 5009
- 15010 - 20000 - 25000 - 30000 - 35000 - 40000
- 0
Lesson(?)
Internal splice plates
attract a lot of load
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
27/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Experimental DesignTask 5 Experimental Design
Anticipating 12 connections will be tested
Connections will have either 4 or 5 members framing into node
point
Only double gusset plate connections
Members will be reused for all tests
Vertical can be loaded in tension or compression
One chord member can be loaded in tension or compression
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
28/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Experimental Design Load FrameTask 5 Experimental Design Load Frame
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
29/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Experimental Design Load FrameTask 5 Experimental Design Load Frame
Alternate jack
positioning to load
chord in tension
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
30/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Experimental Design Load FrameTask 5 Experimental Design Load Frame
June 18, 2009
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
31/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Experimental Design Load FrameTask 5 Experimental Design Load Frame
July 1, 2009
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
32/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Experimental Design Test MatrixTask 5 Experimental Design Test Matrix
A490
A307
L = LongL = ShortL = LongL = ShortThickness
C = 4.5C = 1.0
14.5
~60
L
L
C
148
14
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
33/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Experimental Design Test MatrixTask 5 Experimental Design Test Matrix
Each specimen will be tested under a variety of
equilibrium load combinations, elastically, to
understand stress flow Elastic load combinations will be studied first
without internal splice plates. Then with the internal
splice plates. Specimen will be brought to failure
with the internal splice plates in place
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
34/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Experimental Design InstrumentationTask 5 Experimental Design InstrumentationPhotostress camera will be used to monitor one of the gussetplates. This system provides complete strain field unlike discrete
measurements typical with strain gauges
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
35/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Fastener CharacterizationTask 5 Fastener Characterization
Had a need to understand the single shear behaviorof various fasteners types. Data in literature wasprimarily in double shear.
The data would be used to calibrate non-linear
behavior of Abaqus connector elements. Testing focused on 3/8 and 1/2 thick plates with
either 1.5 or 3.0 edge distances.
Will be testing A307 and A490 bolts, in addition tomodern and in-situ rivets (if available).
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
36/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Fastener CharacterizationTask 5 Fastener Characterization
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
37/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Fastener CharacterizationTask 5 Fastener Characterization
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
38/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Task 5 Fastener CharacterizationTask 5 Fastener CharacterizationFasteners Initially in Bearing
Displacement (inch)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Load
(kips
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
B307_1.5_3_0H776
B307_1.3_3_50815
B307_1.5_4_0H776
B307_1.5_4_50815
B307_3.0_3_0H776
B307_3.0_3_50815
B307_3.0_4_0H776
B307_3.0_4_50815
B490_3.0_3_ND031
B307_1.5_3_200Qty
B307_1.5_4_200Qty
B307_1.5_3_300Qty
B307_1.5_4_300Qty
B307_1.5_3_0H776_3bolt
B307_1.5_4_0H776_3bolt
B307_3.0_3_0H776_3bolt
B307_3.0_4_0H776_3bolt
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
39/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
TimelineTimeline
Interim report went to panel in April 2009
Comments responded to June 2009
Truss members are fabricated (delivery soon) Panel has indicated that it is satisfied with
responsesspecimen fabrication to begin thismonth
Testing targeted to begin in September
Experimental results by AASHTO 2010
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
40/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERPROJECT SCHEDULE
2008 2009 2010TASK
J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A
1) Literature Review
2) Gusset Plate Configurations
3) Define FEA Methodologies
4) Preliminary Gusset Plate RatingProcedures
5) Expanded Work Plan & TestFixture Fabrication
6) Calibration of LRFD for Trusses
7) Interim Report
8) Execute Work Plan
9) Draft 1 Design & RatingRecommendations
10) Discussion of Retrofit Strategies
11) Draft 2 Design & RatingRecommendations
12) Recommendations for OptimalDesign Configurations
13) Final report
-
7/28/2019 Gusset Plate Research Update
41/41
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Thank you for the time and attention.Thank you for the time and attention.