gut function - restorative medicine · (igg) testing and explain how this may affect systems beyond...
TRANSCRIPT
Gut FunctionA Silent Player in Inflammation and
Hormone Balance
Dr Joe Klassen, ND
Source:
• Owner/Medical Director – Fish Creek Naturopathic Medicine,
Calgary, AB
• Clinician Support Specialist – Rocky Mountain Analytical
• Educator – Canadian School of Natural Nutrition
Disclosure
Dr Joe Klassen, B.Comm, ND
Source:
1. Examine literature supporting clinical value of Food sensitivity
(IgG) testing and explain how this may affect systems beyond
the digestive tract.
2. Demonstrate a relationship between gut inflammation and
hormone metabolism. In particular to demonstrate the
importance of the microbiome and to introduce the
sterolbiome in relation to the metabolism of hormones and
xenobiotics.
3. To illustrate the role of enterophepatic circulation and discuss
the biliary tree as an often forgotten part of the digestive
system.
4. Offer treatment strategies that incorporate this holistic view of
gut/microbiome/hormone trilogy.
Learning Objectives
To suggest digestive health as a consideration for concerns in other body systems. To explain where digestion-related tests can be an important tool when working with complex cases relating to any body system.
Source:
• An established and well-used test with clinical
benefits
• Distinction between allergy, sensitivity and
intolerance needs to be communicated to patients
and community
• Food sensitivities in adults and children are occurring
at an increasing rate
Food Sensitivity (IgG) Testing
Source:
• 5286 participants
• Questionnaire 3 months after IgG food test
• 76% reported a significant improvement in their condition
• 92% reported a return of symptoms on reintroduction of offending foods
Benefits to diet based on IgG results
Source:
• Obese children have significantly higher IgG antibody values directed against food antigens than normal weight children.
• Anti-food IgG antibodies are tightly associated with low grade systemic inflammation
Obesity and Inflammation
Source:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Source:
Migraine
Migraines
Source:
Asthma
Respiratory disease
Respiratory Conditions
Source:
IBD
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Source:
Behaviour problems
Schizophrenia
Depression
Autism
Mental Health
Source:
Major Depressive
Disorder
Irritable Bowel
Syndrome
Depression and IBS
Source:
• 4 year old male with significant eczema
• Extreme excoriation, infection
• Much family tragedy and limited resources
• In care of grandmother after passing of mother, father is
absent
• Diet consists of cookies, processed foods, nuts, dates,
meats
• Bowels are slow, require strain, likely fissures
• Tx
• Probiotic, multi, fish oil, dietary recommendations to
increase fibre and water
• Food sensitivity test
Case Study: Eczema
Source:
Graphic slide warning
Case Study: Eczema
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Case Study: Eczema
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Case Study: Eczema
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Case Study: Eczema
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• Visit 2 (2weeks)
• Review food sensitivity results
• Many elevated foods & positive candida
• Treatment plan includes dietary advice to increase
variety of vegetables/fibre, probiotic, fish oil,
multivitamin, anti-candida.
Case Study: Eczema
Source:
• Visit 3 (7 weeks after initial)
• Improvements in eczema are definitive
• Excoriation is much improved.
• Bowels are more regular and comfortable
• Requisition stool analysis
• Results indicate poor SCFA Distribution, low fecal fat,
very low putrefactive SCFA, no parasites
• Recommend increased protein, fibre, silver
Case Study: Eczema
Source:
Case Study: Eczema
Source:
• Visit (16 weeks after initial)
• Improvements in eczema are definitive
• Excoriation remains improved.
• Bowels remain comfortable, no strain, no hesitation
• Exposure to wheat shows papular rash consistent
with dermatitis herpetiformis
• Grandma is thrilled
Case Study: Eczema
Source:
Case Study: Eczema
Source:
Case Study: Eczema
• Microbiome
“The second genome”
“the gut sterolbiome represents an important class of
enzyme encoding genes that give gut microbiome the
ability to act as an endocrine organ with far-reaching
effects in the host. Perturbing effects of the
sterolbiome, such as diet, antibiotics, probiotics, and so
forth, have the potential to affect many physiological
effects.”
Ridlon JM, Bajaj JS. The human gut sterolbiome: bile acid-microbiome endocrine
aspects and therapeutics. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2015;5(2):99-105.
doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.006.
Sterolbiome
Source:
• Primary and secondary bile acids related to reabsorption or clearance of steroids and xenosteroids
• Produce metabolites distinct from the liver’s metabolism
Sterolbiome
Source:
Sales
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
Metabolome
Source:
• Diet affects microbiome
• Microbiome in turn affects enterohepatic recirculation
Diet Changes Are Reflected in Microbiome
Source:
• Affected microbiome leads to changes in clearance of hormones and other molecules
Pregnane X-receptor
Source:
• Healthy gut bile enables healthy microbiome to flourish while dysbiotic organisms flounder
Microbiome and Bile
Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids
Phillip B. Hylemon et al. J. Lipid Res. 2009;50:1509-1520
Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Figure 1. Bile acid synthesis, signaling, and regulation in human liver.
Chiang JY. Recent advances in understanding bile acid homeostasis [version 1]. F1000Research
2017, 6:2029 (doi: 10.12688/f1000research.12449.1)
Source:
• Intestinal metabolism of bile-excreted hormones
• Intestinal conversion of exogenous molecules to
endocrine active metabolites
• Pregnane X receptor
• Sensor for steroid and xenotoxic substances
upregulates detoxification, especially in situation of
supraphysiological levels
• “Innocent bystander” effect Ie: supplemental
estrogen leads to increased clearing of testosterone.
Enterohepatic Circulation
Or is it better called Recirculation?
Source:
• The nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is an important
component of the body's adaptive defense mechanism against
toxic substances including foreign chemicals (xenobiotics).
• PXR is activated by a large number of endogenous and
exogenous chemicals including steroids, antibiotics,
antimycotics, bile acids, and the herbal antidepressant St.
John's wort.
• The nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is an important
component of the body's adaptive defense mechanism against
toxic substances including foreign chemicals (xenobiotics).
Enterohepatic Circulation
Source:
• The host and microbiome appear to regulate bile acid pool size.
• The host produces a large, conjugated hydrophilic bile acid pool,
maintained through positive-feedback antagonism of Farnesoid
X Receptor in intestine and liver. Members of the microbiome
utilize bile acids and their conjugates resulting in agonism of FXR
in intestine and liver resulting in a smaller, unconjugated
hydrophobic bile acid pool.
• Hydrophilicity of the bile acid pool is associated with disease
states.
• Reduced bile acid levels in the gut are associated with bacterial
overgrowth and inflammation.
• Diet, antibiotic therapy, and disease states affect the balance of
the microbiome-bile acid pool.
Enterohepatic Circulation
Source:
• The results are
compatible with the
contention that
ursodeoxycholic acid
stimulates the biliary
excretion of sulphated
progesterone
metabolites
• The effects(s) appears
to be independent of
the stimulation of bile
acid secretion
UDCA and Steroid Excretion
Source:
• Fecal excretion of both
bile acids and total
steroids was significantly
higher by rats fed
psyllium
• Up-regulation of bile
acid excretion enzyme
pathway in liver
Psyllium and Bile Excretion
Source:
• bile acids act as potent non-competitive inhibitors of 5bR
• compensatory activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adrenal androgen excess
5beta-reductase and Bile Acids
The Microbiome as an Endocrine Organ
Mol Endocrinol. 2014. 28(8):1221-1238.
Source:
The Microbiome as an Endocrine Organ
Source:
• Clinical evaluation: RUQ ttp, radiating pains, distress with rich meal,
greasy stools, poor ADEK absorption, low fat diet, GI dysfunction
• Hx NAFLD, H Pylori, Cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, obesity, OCP,
estrogens, cholesterol medications, antibiotics
• Laboratory evaluation: GGT, AST, ALT, bilirubin,
• Food sensitivity; IgG
• Stool analysis
• Ultrasound, HIDA scan, ERCP, CT, MRI
Biliary Tree Evaluation
Biliary Dyskinesia, cholelithiasis
Source:
• IgG food sensitivity testing
• Reactive foods
• Patterns such as leaky gut
• Carbohydrate, fat, protein maldigestion
• Stool analysis
• Fecal fat
• Short-chain fatty acids, butyrate
• Inflammation: IgA, calprotectin
• Pathogens & parasites
Gut Function Evaluation
Source:
• Drink a glass of water with lemon upon awakening.
• Minimize sugars and processed foods.
• Consume bitter foods, or take bitters at start of meal.
• Engage the parasympathetic nervous system: “Meal
Hygiene”
• Eat garlic, onions, carrots, horseradish, spicy foods
• Drink tea made from dandelion, peppermint, green tea,
or ginger.
• Drink buttermilk and eat yogurt.
• Cholegogue/choleretic herbs: Fumaria officinalis,
Chelidoneum majus, Artemesia absinthum, Rheum
palmatum, berberus
• Bile salts
Biliary Tree Support
Source:
• Bile salts
• I provide bile salts for 4 weeks with oils such as hemp
or flax to increase and dilute the bile reservoir before
stimulating bile production
• Beet juice, taurine, vitamin C, pancreatic lipase
• Phosphatidyl choline, lecithin, inositol
• Pancreatic enzymes, digestive enzymes
• Probiotics
• Fermented foods
• Hydrotherapy, castor oil pack
• Fiber, resistant starches
Digestive Support
Source:
• Sporadic menses; 2-3 per year since discontinuing OCP
18 months prior
• Hot flashes, night sweats, low sex drive, low mood,
anxiety
• Vegetarian greater than 20 years (lacto-ovo)
• Mild digestive complaints of bloating, reflux
• Initial treatment plan
• Breathwork
• Saliva hormone panel
• Digestive enzyme, withania, vitamin D
Case: Perimenopause
Robust 51-year old female chiropractic assistant
Source:
• Saliva hormone panel finds low estradiol, suboptimal
progesterone
• Patient reports that relaxation breathwork is helping with
anxiety
• Enzymes minimize bloating/reflux, but patient is resistant
to do elimination diet or food sensitivity testing
• Treatment plan includes typical herbal regimens and we
cycle through several products and see little benefit to
any of the programs over approx 6 months
• Ultimately patient starts BHRT program with another
practitioner
Case: Perimenopause
51 year old female
Source:
• Patient returns after 12 months with little benefit to BHRT so she
has discontinued.
• No menses for past 6 months and hot flashes and night sweats are
increasing in frequency and intensity
• I again suggest to do elimination diet or food sensitivity testing,
and we settle with a commitment to avoid cheese and crackers at
daily “happy hour”, and patient is very reluctant to do this. In fact
we did agree to be grain-free for three weeks
• Eventually the patient does comply and sees a dramatic and quite
immediate change in hot flashes and night sweats. Ultimately food
elimination and challenge show the cheese and wine as tolerable
but gluten-containing grains as problematic.
Case: Perimenopause
51 year old female
Source:
It is my pleasure to have shared this time with you and I encourage you to contact me if you would like further discussion.
Dr. Joe Klassen, ND
403 241-4519
Thank You