gvcs and international technology transfer (itt) [email protected] geneva, 28 june 2012
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GVCs and International Technology Transfer (ITT)
Geneva, 28 June 2012Geneva, 28 June 2012
Transfer Channels
• Trade in products (goods and services)
• Foreign Direct Investment (MNEs)
• Trade in knowledge (technology licensing)
• Intra-national and international movement of people
World exports of goods and commercial services, 1980-2011
Sources: UNSD and WTO2009 value
Billi
ons
of U
S$Global supply chains and world trade
Intermediate goods dominate world non-fuelmerchandise exports
Value ($bn)
1990 2010 1990 2010 1990 2010World 572 2242 631 2273 285 1293
Developed economies 517 1532 465 1129 247 689
Developing economies1) 55 710 166 1144 38 603
Share (%)
1990 2010 1990 2010 1990 2010World 100 100 100 100 100 100
Developed economies 90 68 74 50 87 53
Developing economies1) 10 32 26 50 13 47
Capital-intensive goods1) Labour-intensive goods1) High-tech goods1)
Capital-intensive goods2) Labour-intensive goods2) High-tech goods2)
1) For 2010: includes available data for CIS economies.
Source: UN Comtrade and WTO estimates.
Exports of capital-intensive, labour-Intensive and high-tech goods, 1990 and 2010
Share of high complexity
intermediate goods in total
exports/imports of intermediate goods
Source: Trade patterns and global value chains in East Asia, WTO/IDE/Jetro 2011
COSTA RICA: PARTICIPATION IN GVC
Source: Monge-Ariño (2011), ERSD-2011-9
• Attracting FDI • 5 sectors (electronics, medical
devices, automotive, aeronautic/aerospace, film/broadcasting devices
• Some 60 firms accounting for around 40 per cent of CR’s total exports
Marketing
BrandInnovation
Design
R&D
Standardization
InnovationR&D
Design
Added Value
Manufacture
Logistics
Marketing
Brand
Standardization
Production process
LogisticsAssemblyManufacture
Assembly
Customer
services
Customer services
Services Goods Services and services
SmileyFace (Source: Business Week International online extra, May 16, 2005,
Stan Shih on Taiwan and China)Value Added
Exports of R&D services
2010
Extra EU (27): Imports of R&D services from selected partners
Source: Eurostat.
Source: WTO, 2012, 15 Years of the ITA
Receipts of royalties and licence fees
Exports of C&IS and OBS, 2000-2010
• Trade pattern: – Shift to trade in high-tech goods – Complexity of intermediate goods trade up– Import content of exports up
• Innovation– R&D and R&LF
• Movement of people (technical and managerial staff)
…these are all signs for an increase of ITT
RECAP