gwec global wind report 2010 low res

8/6/2019 GWEC Global Wind Report 2010 Low Res

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Annual market update 2010

GlobalWind

RepoRt


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010 was a tough year or our industry, and althoughcumulative market growth was still a healthy .5 %, theannual market decreased or the rst time in a out twodecades. The medium term consequences o the nancialcrisis and the economic slowdown nally took their toll,and very low orders in OECD countries at the end o 008and the eginning o 009 made themselves elt in the

010 installation totals, particularly in the United States.

Having said that, nearly 36 GW o new wind powercapacity was added around the world last year, and or the

rst time the majority o that new capacity was indeveloping countries and emerging economies; drivenmainly y the ooming wind sectors in China and India, utalso with strong growth in Latin America, where we elievewe are on the cusp o the wind energy oom in that windresource-rich region which we have een waiting or andexpecting or so many years.

We look orward to a re ound in the glo al market and orthe period out to 015. There has een a massive intake oorders y major manu acturers in 010 which will mani estitsel in the 011 and 01 installation gures, driven ycontinued strong growth in Asia, a recovery in NorthAmerica, and steady growth in Europe. Also, new markets inLatin America and A rica will egin to seriously fex theirmuscles or the rst time.

Pu lic nance continues to play a stronger role in thenancing o wind projects, and we see that as a permanent

shi t in the nancing pattern or our industry. While we arehoping or a strong return o the commercial anks to thesector, that will no dou t take a lot longer than wasthought last year. Fortunately, pu lic nance institutionsseem to have taken up the slack with some gusto, well

eyond the stimulus unds put orward during the worst othe recession in 009.

We are still waiting or a resolution to the glo al de ate onclimate change and we are still waiting or any signs o aclear pathway towards a glo al price on car on. I the paceo the international climate negotiations during 010 is anyindication, we are going to have to continue to wait orsome time. Hopes are higher or COP17 in Dur an this yearthan they were or Cancun, ut ew o servers expect nalresolutions to the undamental unresolved issues.

We expect that y the time this report is printed glo alinstalled capacity will have reached 00 GW. We estimatethat this will dou le again within three to our years,keeping open the option to reach GWECs aspirational goalo 1,000 GW o installed capacity y 0 0.

This is the sixth annual report on the status o the glo alwind industry y the Glo al Wind Energy Council. Itprovides a comprehensive snapshot o this glo al industry,now present in a out 80 countries. The data and countrypro les or this report have een collected through GWECsmem er associations and companies around the world, aswell as rom other analysts and government contacts. Wethank our contri utors and look orward to continued closecooperation or uture editions. March 2011

S v S wy rSecretary GeneralGlo al Wind Energy Council

K us R vChairmanGlo al Wind Energy Council

F r w r


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GWeC GLObAL WIND2010 REPORT4

Wind power in emerging economies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

The glo al status o wind power in 010 . . . . . . . . . . 10

Market orecast or 011- 015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

C u ry r r s

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

PR China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

European Union. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

EU o shore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Morocco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Romania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

A out GWEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

table o ContentS


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GWeC GLObAL WIND2010 REPORT 5

W p w r m rm

In 010, or the rst time ever, more new wind powercapacity was installed in developing countries and emergingeconomies than in the traditional wind markets o the OECD.This puts an end to the assertion that wind power is apremium technology only or rich countries which cannot edeployed at scale in other markets. It is also testament to theinherent attractiveness o wind power or countries strivingto diversi y their energy mix, improve their security o supplyin the ace o rapidly growing demand, and relieve national

udgets o the urden o expensive ossil uel imports atvolatile prices. Environmental actors such as improving air

quality and pu lic health, and car on reductions to ghtagainst climate change also play an important role in manyo these new markets.

There is also a noticea le shi t in attitudes towards windpower in many countries. While the technology would have

een dismissed as too expensive y many developing countryenergy planners just a ew years ago, the continuing successo the technology in an ever widening group o countries haschanged that attitude to one o dramatically increasedknowledge a out wind generation and the role that it can

play in a countrys power mix.

The growth o wind power outside o the OECD has eenprimarily driven y the continuing oom inCh ,which isnow the country with the largest installed wind powercapacity in the world. The Chinese government has a clearcommitment to developing the countrys massive windresource, partly driven y the need or increasing its powergeneration capacity to uel a growing economy and to spurrural economic development. Furthermore, the Chinesegovernment is committed to slowing down the countrys

increasing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing airpollution. This political commitment was underpinned yavoura le policies to oost wind power development, and

this has led to exceptional growth in this sector. A ter our years o dou ling its installed wind capacity rom 006-

009, a record capacity o 16.5 GW was added to the Chinesewind feet in 010, taking the total up to 4 .3 GW. Windpower now represents nearly a th o all yearly net powergeneration capacity additions in China, nearly on par withhydro.

beyond wind powers environmental and energy securityene ts, the Chinese government also recognises the

economic opportunity o uilding a strong domesticmanu acturing ase. In 009, out o the worlds top ten windtur ine manu acturers, three were Chinese, and annualdomestic production capacity is now at least 30 GW. Chinesemanu acturers are increasingly looking at internationalmarkets, and it is expected that Chinese wind tur ines willsoon e ully competing in the glo al market place. (For morein ormation on China, see p. 30)

A similar picture is emerging ini , al eit on a smallerscale. A rapidly growing economy and expanding population

create a growing demand or power, and supply struggles tokeep up with demand. Electricity shortages are common, anda signi cant part o the population has no access toelectricity at all. In order to address this pro lem, the Indiangovernment created a target o an additional 78.7 GW ogeneration capacity rom 007- 01 , 10.5 GW o which will

e new wind generation capacity. The Indian Ministry o Newand Renewa le Energy (MNRE) estimates that there is apotential o 48.5 GW o wind power development, utindustry experts estimate that a minimum o 100 GW could

e realised in India. At the end o 010, India had 13.1 GW o

installed wind capacity, with 40% operating in the southernstate o Tamil Nadu.

Like in China, Indias wind power development has spurreddomestic manu acturing, and the Indian company Suzlon isnow a glo al leader. 17 companies now manu acture windpower equipment in India, with a production capacity o7.5 GW per year. Thanks to new market entrants, it isexpected that this will rise to 17 GW or more y 013,according to the World Institute or Sustaina le Energy(WISE). Wind tur ines and tur ine lades made in India have

een exported to the USA, Europe, Australia, China and brazil.(See p. 44 or more in ormation on India)

While wind markets in the rest o as are only at the earlystages o development, there is considera le potential andsome promising signs. Across the region there are at least adozen vi rant and rapidly growing economies in which windenergy could play a signi cant role, and there is increasinginterest in the technology rom policymakers and utilityexecutives.

While wind energy inS u h K r is still in its in ancy, theKorean government recently introduced a Renewa le


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Port olio Standard (RPS) scheme and set an am itious targeto developing .5 GW o o shore wind power y 0 0.Several Korean heavy manu acturers such as Samsung,Hyundai and Daewoo have started to include wind tur inesin their port olio in order to compete oth domestically andin the international marketplace. In 010, installed windcapacity increased y 30 MW to reach 379 MW.

In the ph s, 33 MW o wind power are currentlyoperating, ut the technical potential is estimated at around55 GW, over three times the countrys current total installed

generation capacity, according to UNEPs Solar and WindResource Assessment (SWERA). The government has set atarget or 40% o its electricity to e generated y renewa lesources y 0 0, up rom the current 33%. both thePhilippines government and the Asian Development bank(ADb) have set up unds to help with this process.

V mhas 18 MW o operating wind power capacity, utstrong winds could support 64 GW o wind energydevelopment, according to SWERA. In addition, Vietnam hasa ast-growing economy and a growing demand or electric

power. The Vietnamese government is aiming or renewa lepower to provide a out 5% o the nations electricity y0 0. Investor interest in the Vietnamese wind market is

considera le, and various wind power projects are reportedto e in the pipeline.

th sgrowing a fuence has led to a startling rise in percapita electricity consumption, which has grown y almost

5% in the past ve years. An estimated 30. GW o newgeneration capacity will e needed y 0 1. The governmenthas announced a target o increasing the share o renewa le

energy rom 6.4% in 008 to 0% in 0 , with an 800 MWtarget or wind capacity. According to SWERA, Thailandstechnical wind resource could support the development o190 GW o wind power.

Prosperoust w imports 98% o its uel needs, and hasset a target or renewa les to meet 10% o its electricity y

010, up rom 5.8% currently. Wind power is expected tomeet 80% o that, and a eed-in tari was introduced in

009. During 010, Taiwan installed 83 MW o new windpower, ringing its total to 519 MW.

In p k s , the ar-reaching implications o the fooddisaster o 010 on in rastructure in general, and the powerin rastructure speci cally, have worsened the supply situationand led to acute power shortage. Most o the countryspower needs to date are met y ossil uels. To support theaddition o renewa le capacity, the Asian Development bankset up a 510 million USD nancing acility in 006, and a

eed-in tari was introduced. In addition, USAID is co- undinga pu lic-private partnership to develop a 150 MW windproject in the Gharo Corridor. The potential or wind power is

estimated to e around 350 GW, according to oth thePakistani government and SWERA.

Other countries in the region have also set am itious targetsor wind power development, ut this has not always eenollowed up y the introduction o e ective policyrameworks.b g sh, or example, has set a target o

reaching 5% o its electricity to come rom renewa les y015;M g plans to increase its share o renewa le

electricity rom the current 3% to 0 5% y 0 0;Sr l k wants to go rom the current 5% to reach 10% y

017 and 14.1% y 0 , andi s is planning to uild55 MW o wind capacity y 0 5.1

L M t L V t w f rm, M x AMDEE


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l am r c

Latin America, a region o great cultural and economicdiversity, has some o the worlds est wind resources. Hometo many growing economies with increasing electricitydemand, this part o the world is considered prime territory

or the deployment o wind power.

While eginnings have een modest, there are now concretesigns that the region is on the verge o developing a

su stantial wind power industry to complement its richhydro and iomass (and potential solar) resources, mostnota ly in brazil and Mexico. The total installed capacity inthe region grew y 50% during 010, and more than

,000 MW o wind power are now operating across theregion.

Wind power is making the most progress inbr z , theregions largest economy. This country has many areas withtremendous potential or wind energy, com ined with a

growing electricity demand and solid industrial and gridin rastructure. As a country with a large share o hydropower, this com ination orms an ideal asis or large-scalewind power development. At the end o 010, 930 MW owind capacity were operating in brazil, with a project pipelineo more than 4,000 MW up to 013, most o which werecontracted in the 009 and 010 auctions. Two new auctionshave already een announced or June 011. Since theDecem er 009 auction, seven major internationalmanu acturers have committed to uilding production

acilities in brazil, most o which are already under

construction. brazil is set to not only e the largest windpower market in the region, ut will also e a majormanu acturing hu or the region. (See p. 4 or morein ormation on brazil)

M x c, too, has an outstanding wind resource, especially inthe Oaxaca region, ut also in baja Cali ornia as well as inother regions. Mexicos installed wind capacity has increasedmore than 6- old since the end o 008, and 316 MW o newcapacity were added in 010 to reach a total o 519 MW.(See p. 48 or more in ormation on Mexico)

arg swind resources are unrivalled in the region, andare estimated to e su cient to supply Latin Americas entireelectrical demand several times over. However, to date, onlya tiny amount o the potential has een developed with just60 MW o wind power operating, up rom 33.5 MW at theend o 009.

Another promising market isCh , which had nearly 17 MWo wind power in operation at the end o 010. A num er olarge wind power projects are under development, and they

are desperately needed to help alleviate chronic gasshortages.

Urugu y is also starting to develop its wind resource andadded 3 MW o new capacity or a total o 43 MW at theend o 010. The country has a target o reaching 500 MW y

015.

Other wind power markets in the region includeC s R c,which had a out 1 3 MW o wind power at the end o 010,and a new 50 MW project in the pipeline;p ru, which had

nearly 150 MW under construction at the end o 010;V zu with 100 MW currently under construction,1 REN 1 Glo al Status Report 010


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scheduled to come on line in 011; J m c, with 4 MWinstalled capacity;n c r gu , which installed 40 MW owind power in 009; andH ur s, with 10 MW underdevelopment, due to come online in 01 .

Un ortunately, however, most o these early markets su errom the lack o a clear, long-term policy ramework or wind

power development which continues to hamper marketdevelopment.

a r c

Wind energy could ring many ene ts to A rica due to itsscala ility, which means that it can play a key role in othdecentralized and centralized systems. Also, the act thatwind power uses no water to generate electricity is goodnews or this water-stressed continent.

A out a quarter o the worlds population has no access toelectricity, and the pro lem is especially acute in peri-ur anand rural areas in Su -Saharan A rica. In many A ricancountries, the electricity that is availa le is likely to e

generated rom diesel generators or other small-scale plant.These very o ten use expensive imported uel and manycountries spend a considera le share o their scarce oreignexchange reserves on energy imports.

Large-scale power production in A rica, where it exists, ismostly y large hydro (as ound in Egypt) or coal- asedgeneration (as in South A rica).

A ricas wind resource is est around the coasts and in theeastern highlands, ut it is only in Mediterranean North

A rica that wind power has een developed at scale. 97% othe continents total wind installations are located in Egypt(550 MW), Morocco ( 86 MW) and Tunisia (114 MW).

egy has a target o producing 0% o its electric powerrom renewa le sources y 0 0, and this includes a 1 %

contri ution rom wind energy, which translates into morethan 7, 00 MW o grid-connected wind power. Most oEgypts wind development to date is in the Za arana districton the Red Sea coast, ut there are also plans to construct a

50 MW plant at Ga al el-Zeit, and a recent tender has

called or proposals to uild a urther 500 MW in the Gul o

Suez. A second tender or the same amount is expected or July 011. (For more in ormation on Egypt see p. 34)

M r cc has excellent wind resources along the coastline, aswell as inland near the Atlas Mountains. The Moroccangovernment has set a target o raising the contri ution orenewa le energy to 0% o national electricity consumption(up rom 7.9%) y 0 0. Wind power is poised to play a keyrole with a targeted ,000 MW o capacity, up rom theexisting 86 MW at the end o 010. Hal o this will einstalled y the government owned utility ONE, with the

other hal coming rom industrial players producing their ownwind power. (See p. 50 or more in ormation on Morocco)

S u h a r c selectricity system, which is primarily ased oncoal, su ers rom low reserve margins, and is arely adequateto meet demand. The state utility Eskom estimates that thecountry needs to construct 40 GW o new generatingcapacity y 0 5. South A rica is ideally suited or windpower development, given its a undant wind resources.

While currently only one commercial-scale wind arm is in

operation, the 8 MW Darling wind arm, the South A ricanWind Energy Association (SAWEA) estimates that with theright policy ramework, wind power could provide as much as

0% o the countrys energy demand y 0 5, translatinginto 30,000 MW o installed wind capacity. According toSAWEA, 7,000 MW o this wind capacity is already at variousstages o development, waiting or con rmation o gridconnection and a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA).

Interestingly there have recently een developments inEast A rica, with a 300 MW project under construction in

K y and other wind projects well advanced ine h and t z . These early projects will make a su stantialcontri ution to the total generating capacity in each o thesecountries and may spur similar large scale developments inother A rican countries.

M e s

The Middle East is rich in oil and gas, yet these reserves areunevenly distri uted, with some countries major oil exportersand others importers. With increasing prosperity in much o

the region, power demand has een growing rapidly.


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A num er o governments in the Middle East have developednational plans or renewa le energy, ut current uptake owind power is in its in ancy, with only 9 MW installed in

Iran, 8 MW in Israel and MW in Jordan. While less evenlydistri uted than solar, the regions wind resource is excellentin some countries such as Iran, Oman, Syria, Saudi Ara ia and Jordan.

ir is the only country in the region with any large scalewind power installations. The country currently has two wind

arms, with a com ined capacity o 9 MW. There are plansor expanding wind capacity to reach 400 MW in the coming

years. Preliminary studies conducted y SUNA have shownthat Iran has at least 6.5 GW o practical wind power

potential. (For more in ormation on Iran see p. 46)

J r has a target o achieving 7% o its primary energydemand rom renewa les y 015, and 10% y 0 0. In 010 Jordan introduced a Renewa le Energy Law which requiresthe National Electric Power Company to purchase allelectricity produced y independent and small-scalerenewa le plants at ull retail price (net metering).Syr s target is or renewa le energy to make up 4.3% o primaryenergy demand y 011, and it has two wind arms (100 MWand 30 MW) in planning.om also has considera le wind

power potential, mainly in the South and in the mountainsnorth o Salalah.

W w r u k m rg g c m s a r r h u ur ?

Given the vast potential or wind power development in Asia,Latin America, A rica and the Middle East, GWECs Glo alWind Energy Outlook advanced scenario orecasts that y

0 0, more than 40% o the total glo al wind powercapacity could e installed in these regions, up rom 31% atthe end o 010.1 Given the swing in the 010 market, thisshi t could e even more pronounced. China will continue todrive this development, hosting more than hal o the windpower operating outside o the OECD y 0 0, ut othermarkets in the rest o Asia, Latin America and A rica are alsoexpected to contri ute su stantially to the glo al total.

While there are strong economic, supply security andenvironmental drivers or wind power in developing countriesand emerging economies, a key determining actor orrealising the vast potential will e the political will ogovernments to make this happen. Favoura le supportschemes, nancial incentives, adequate grid in rastructureand access to nancing are some key conditions required orallowing wind power to thrive in these countries.

1 Glo al Wind Energy Council: Glo al Wind Energy Outlook 010. www.gwec.net/index.php?id=168

0

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2010

2009

[GW] oeCdeur

oeCdn rth

am r c

Ch i oeCdp c fc

n -oeCd

as

e st reur /eur s

l tam r c

a r c Me st

2009 76 39 26 11 5 0.5 0.5 1 0.8 0.12010 87 50 41 13 6 0.7 0.9 2 1 0.12020 279 279 250 65 48 55 16 37 19 112030 515 622 513 161 109 140 87 93 67 34

RegionaL BReakdoWn: adVanced scenaRio (gWeo 2010)


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The expectations or wind power market growth in 010were mixed, as the low level o orders seen during thenancial crisis worked their way through the system. The

results o this were elt much more strongly in 010 than inthe previous year, and the overall annual market shrunk y7% to 35.8 GW, down rom 38.6 GW in 009. The newcapacity added in 010 represents investments worthEUR 47.3 illion (USD 65 illion).

The US market installed almost 50% less than in 009. In theEuropean market, new installed capacity in 010 was 7.5%

down on 009, despite a 50% growth o the o shore marketin countries like the UK, Denmark and belgium, and rapidgrowth in Eastern Europe, led y Romania, bulgaria andPoland.

Despite the decrease in annual installations, glo al installedwind power capacity increased y .5% during the year, andnow stands at 194.4 GW. For most other sectors that havenot ecome accustomed to growth rates o 30% or more,this would represent a major achievement.

The main markets driving growth continue to e Asia andEurope, which installed 19 GW and 9.9 GW respectively in010. However, emerging markets in Latin America areeginning to take o , led y brazil and Mexico. In cumulative

terms, the Latin America and Cari ean market grew y morethan 53% during 010.

For the rst time in 010, more than hal o all new windpower was added outside o the traditional markets o Europeand North America. This was mainly driven y the continuing

oom in China, which accounted or nearly hal the new

glo al wind installations, with 16.5 GW. China now has4 .3 GW o wind power, and has surpassed the US to claimthe num er one spot in terms o total installed capacity.

The outlook or 011 is more optimistic, with overallinvestment in wind power in 010 up y 31% to reachUSD 96 illion (EUR 70.4 illion), according to bloom ergNew Energy Finance (bNEF). This investment gives rise tosome optimism going orward, as it is likely to translate intoactual projects in 011 and 01 . It is nota le that 38% othis total investment was accounted or y China and y

large European o shore wind arms.

Ch s m g m rk s asFor the third year in a row, Asia was the worlds largestregional market or wind energy, with capacity additionsamounting to more than 19 GW.

Ch was the worlds largest market in 010, adding astaggering 16.5 GW o new capacity, and slipping past theUSA to ecome the worlds leading wind power country. TheChinese market more than dou led its capacity rom 1 GWin 008 to 5.8 GW in 009 and added 16.5 MW in 010 to

reach 4 . GW at the end o 010.

The growing wind power market in China has encourageddomestic production o wind tur ines and components, andthe Chinese manu acturing industry is ecoming increasinglymature, stretching over the whole supply chain. China hasnow ecome the worlds largest producer o wind energyequipment, and components made in China are now startingto not only satis y domestic demand, ut also meetinternational needs. Two Chinese companies, Sinovel andGoldwind, were already among the worlds top ve tur ine

manu acturers in 009, and there are rst moves y Chinesemanu acturers to enter international markets.

The planning, development and construction or the Windbase programme, which aims to uild 138 GW o windcapacity in eight Chinese provinces, is well underway. It isexpected that in its twel th Five-Year Plan, which is expectedto e adopted in March 011, the Chinese government willincrease its o cial target or wind power development to

00 GW y 0 0.

A ter a ew years o slow growth, thei wind powermarket is now ack on track and witnessed signi cant growthin 010. It comes in third ehind China and the USA in termso new installed capacity during 010 at ,139 MW, takingtotal capacity up to 13.1 GW. The states with highest windpower concentration are Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat,Rajasthan, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.

The countrys energy mix now oasts a share o 10.9% orenewa le energy in terms o installed capacity, contri utinga out 4.13% to the electricity generation mix. Wind power

accounts or 70% o this renewa le installed capacity. In010 the o cial wind power potential estimates or India

T l b l t t f w p w r 2010


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1 South A rica, Cape Verde, Israel,Le anon, Nigeria, Jordan, Kenya

Thailand, bangladesh, Indonesia, SriLanka, Philippines, Vietnam

3 bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, CzechRepu lic, Estonia, Faroe Islands,Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania,Luxem ourg, Malta, Norway,Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,Switzerland, Ukraine

4 Austria, belgium, bulgaria, Cyprus,Czech Repu lic, Denmark, Estonia,Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,Lithuania, Luxem ourg, Malta,Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,Sweden, UK

5 Colom ia, Chile, Cu a

* Provisional gures

Please note:Project decommissioning o 151 MW

and rounding a ect the fnal sums

gLoBaL insTaLLed Wind PoWeR caPaciTY (MW ) RegionaL disTRiBuTione 2009 n w 2010 e 2010

aFRica Egypt 430 1 0 550& MiddLe easT Morocco 53 33 86

Tunisia 54 60 114Iran 9 0 9Other 1) 37 0 37t 866 213 1,079

asia China* 5,805 16,500 4 , 87India 10,9 6 ,139 13,065 Japan ,085 1 ,304Taiwan 436 83 519South Korea 348 31 379Philippines 33 0 33Other ) 6 48 54t 39,639 19,022 58,641

euRoPe Germany 5,777 1,493 7, 14Spain 19,160 1,516 0,676Italy 4,849 948 5,797France 4,574 1,086 5,660UK 4, 45 96 5, 04Denmark* 3,465 3 7 3,75Portugal* 3,357 345 3,70Netherlands* , 3 15 , 37Sweden 1,560 603 ,163Ireland 1,310 118 1,4 8Turkey 801 5 8 1,3 9Greece 1,086 1 3 1, 08Poland 7 5 38 1,107Austria 995 16 1,011belgium 563 350 911Rest o Europe3) 1,611 1,071 ,677t 76,300 9,883 86,075

o which EU-27 4) 74,919 9,259 84,074

LaTin aMeRica brazil 606 3 6 931& caRiBBean Mexico 0 316 519

Chile 168 4 17Costa Rica 1 3 0 1 3Cari ean 91 8 99Argentina 34 7 60Others 5) 83 3 106t 1,306 703 2,008

noRTh aMeRica USA 35,086 5,115 40,180Canada 3,319 690 4,009t 38,405 5,805 44,189

PaciFic Region Australia 1,71 167 1,880New Zealand 497 9 506Paci c Islands 1 0 1t 2,221 176 2,397

W r 158,738 35,802 194,390

Source: GWEC


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The American manu acturing sector, meanwhile, appears toview 010s slowdown as short-term. New componentsuppliers continued to enter the wind energy industry last year, and over 400 US manu acturing plants now serve the

industry. Around hal o the wind generation equipmentdeployed in the USA is now manu actured domestically. Inaddition, the construction pipeline or wind power is healthy,with 5,600 MW currently under construction. Given suchindicators, the industry could nish 011 well ahead o 010num ers.

C swind power market was also down in 010compared to the previous year, ut it was still the second

est year ever. 690 MW o new wind capacity came online,compared to 950 MW in 009, taking the total capacity up

to more than 4,000 MW.

Ontario leads Canadas wind energy development with1.5 GW o installed wind capacity. The province adopted itsGreen Energy Act in 009, which introduced a eed-in tari

or wind power, and this is set to su stantially oost wind

power development in the province. Other leading windenergy provinces include Que ec (806 MW) and Al erta(663 MW).

eur gr w h r v y e s r eur sh r w

During 010, 9,883 MW o wind power was installed acrossEurope, with European Union countries accounting or9, 59 MW o the total. This represents a decrease in the EUsannual wind power installations o 10% compared to 009.

O the 9, 59 MW installed in the EU, 8,377 MW wereinstalled onshore and 883 o shore. This means that in 010,

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the annual onshore market decreased y over 13% comparedto last year, while the annual o shore market grew y 51%,and accounted or 9.5% o all capacity additions.

In terms o annual installations, Spain was the largest marketin 010, installing 1,516 MW, ollowed y Germany with1,493 MW. France was the only other country to install over1 GW (1,086 MW), ollowed y the UK (96 MW), Italy(948 MW), Sweden (603 MW), Romania (448 MW), Poland

(38 MW), Portugal (345 MW) and belgium (350 MW). Forthe rst time, two new EU Mem er States were among thetop ten largest annual markets.

The total wind power capacity installed y the end o 010will, in a normal wind year, produce 181 TWh o electricity(up rom 163 TWh), meeting 5.3% o overall EU electricityconsumption (up rom 4.8% in 009).

G rm ycontinues to lead Europe in terms o total installedcapacity, adding 1.5 GW in 009 or a total o 7. GW. As in

other developed markets, growth was hampered y therami cations o the nancial crisis.

The leading ederal state in Germany in terms o installedcapacity is Lower Saxony with 6.7 GW. A num er o statesnow receive 40% or more o their electricity rom windenergy, including Saxony-Anhalt (5 %), Mecklen urg-Vorpommern (45%) and Schleswig-Holstein (44%).

The contri ution o wind energy to total German powerconsumption is around 6. %.

S led the European league ta les or new installedcapacity just ahead o Germany, with additions o 1.5 GW owind power, ringing its total up to 0.7 GW. Thisrepresented the smallest annual wind power since 003.

010 was a good year or wind resources, and the countryswind arms generated 4 .7 TWh o electricity, accounting or16.6% o total Spanish power consumption.

Castile and Leon was again the region that installed the mostwind power in 010 (917 MW, or 60.4% o the new installed

capacity), ollowed y Catalonia with 3 7 MW and Andalusiawith 139- MW. As a result, Castile and Leon continues to lead

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the country in terms o total wind installations with 4.8 GW,ollowed y Castile-La Mancha with 3.7 GW and Galicia with

3.3 GW. Five out o Spains 17 regions now host 1,000 MW ormore o wind power.

i ynow has a total installed capacity o 5.8 GW. Theregions which added the most new capacity were Sicily(334 MW or a total o 1,449 MW), Cala ria (189 MW or589 MW) and Molise (130 MW totalling 37 MW). The otherregions which added new wind power capacity in 010 were:Apulia, Sardinia, basilicata and A ruzzo. In the North and theCenter o Italy, only Liguria installed .4 MW in 010. TheItalian wind power sector now employs more than 8,000people, o which some 10,000 directly.

r c swind capacity is also growing steadily and has now

reached 5.7 GW, up rom only 30 MW in 000. Overall, windpower now covers 1.8% o the countrys electricity demand.The French wind energy sector now employs around 11,000people, spread over more than 180 companies. The Frenchgovernment set a target to achieve 5 GW o installed windenergy capacity y 0 0, including 6 GW o o shore wind.

In the U K g m, around 40 new wind arms wereopened in 010, totalling 96 MW o additional capacity andtaking the countrys total installed wind power capacity to5, 04 MW. With 1,341 MW o installed capacity, the UK

continues to e the worlds leading o shore wind market.

The majority o wind arms in the UK are located in Scotland( ,374 MW), in the North West (1,009 MW) and in Wales(530 MW). Scotland alone installed a third o all new windpower capacity in 010 (376 MW).

l am r c : w w c c y fvc u r s

The Latin American market seems to e waking up to theopportunity o its enormous wind power potential. Whilegrowth in 010 was still small in a solute terms, with703 MW installed across the continent, this represented a50% increase in total installed capacity. In addition, thepipeline or new developments is su stantial.

br z added 3 6 MW o new capacity, slightly more than in

009, and is now host to 931 MW o wind power.

brazils PROINFA program was initially passed y the brazilianCongress in 00 in order to stimulate the addition o over1,100 MW o wind energy capacity, which was later expandedto 1,400 MW. It looks increasingly likely that the ull1,400 MW target will e met. Overall, 40 PROINFA wind

arms are now in operation, totalling 900 MW, while a urther13 projects (394.1 MW) are still under construction, and themajority o these are scheduled to e connected to the gridin 011.

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Traditionally dominated y just one tur ine manu acturer,Wo en Enercon, several other international players havenow entered the brazilian market, including Vestas, Suzlon,Impsa, GE, Alstom, Gamesa, and Siemens.

Two renewa le energy auctions took place in brazil in 010,contracting more than ,000 MW worth o new wind powercapacity. Together with the 1,800 MW o the 009 auctionand new auctions announced or June 011, this makes or avery healthy pipeline or the coming years.

In 010,M x c sinstalled wind capacity more than dou ledor the second year in a row, with 316 MW o new capacityadded to the existing 0 MW operating at the end o 009.The total installed wind power capacity now amounts to519 MW.

Nearly all the wind projects operating in Mexico are locatedin Oaxaca (six projects with a capacity o 508 MW), and a

urther 19 projects are in the pipeline in this region. Otherpromising regions with good wind potential include bajaCali ornia and the bay o Campeche in the Gul o Mexico.

p c fc r g s 176 MW

At the end o 010, 1,880 MW o wind capacity wereinstalled inaus r , an increase o 167 MW rom 009.There are now 5 operating wind arms in the country,mostly located in South Australia (907 MW) and Victoria(4 8 MW).

Australias expanded Renewa le Energy Target (RET) Scheme,which entered into orce in January 010, mandates that

45 TWh or 0% o Australias electricity supply will esourced rom renewa le energy in 0 0. The initial target is1 .5 TWh, and this will e gradually increased until 0 0.

Following a good year in 009, the speed o development inn w Z dropped with just 8.8 MW o new windcapacity added in 010, taking the total up to close to506 MW. Wind energy currently supplies just over 3% oNew Zealands annual electricity demand.

213 MW s a r c h M eIn North A rica, the expansion o wind power continues inMorocco, Egypt and Tunisia.egy not only saw the largestaddition o new capacity in 010 (1 0 MW), ringing thetotal up to 550 MW ut also continues to lead the region.M r cc comes in a distant second with a cumulativecapacity o 86 MW, 30 MW o which were added in 010.tu s added 60 MW o new capacity in 010, taking thetotal up to 114 MW. Other promising countries in the regionincludee h , K y , t z and S u h a r c, where

wind project development is slowly yet rmly underway.

n c s c u r v w wv m

010 was a tough year or most industries, and the windsector was no exception, with annual capacity additionsdecreasing or the rst time in 0 years. This was primarily aresult o low levels o orders during the nancial crisisresulting in ewer projects eing uilt in 010.

The outlook or 011 is positive, as the glo al economy isrecovering and order ooks are ull again. Glo al investmentin wind power was up y 38% in 010, and projects will startto materialise rom these investments in 011 and 01 .

Emerging markets such as China, India and Latin America aregathering strength and will continue to drive growth. NorthA rica is already rmly on the wind energy map, and there aresigns that su -Saharan A rica will also soon complete its rstwind projects.

The signs are also positive in the esta lished markets. In theUSA, AWEA is reporting a very healthy project pipeline, whilein Europe, the o shore oom has only just egun and EasternEuropean countries are starting to realise their potential.

While the climate negotiations have ailed to deliver a newclimate deal which would put a price on car on emissionsand provide a power ul driver or wind power development,the wind industry will continue to draw its strength romnational policies and measures. These continue to ear ruit,providing oth environmental and economic ene ts to

those countries enacting them.


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Every year in the spring, GWEC undertakes the di cult tasko orecasting glo al wind market developments or thecoming ve years, and this exercise has ecome a xture in

our annual report. There is, o course, always a level ouncertainty in prognostication, and never more so than intimes o economic upheaval. While the nancial andeconomic crises seem to have een overcome in mostmarkets, the ull consequences o the credit crisis in

008/ 009 are only now ecoming ully apparent in thewind industry, as the low levels o orders or wind tur ines atthe end o 008 and the eginning o 009 have workedtheir way through the project development cycle.

For the past ve years, GWECs orecast, which has always

erred on the conservative side, was exceeded y actualmarket developments. Not so or 010, where we had

anticipated a glo al market o 40 GW, while only 35.8 GWwere in act installed. This was mainly due to a depressedUS market with new wind power installations reaching a

mere 50% o those in 009.

However, there is reason or cautious optimism or 011 andthe ollowing years. Overall investment in wind power was up

y 31% in 010, reaching a record level o USD 96 illion(EUR 70.4 illion), according to bloom erg New EnergyFinance. This investment will translate into actual projects inthe coming years.

The growth in the Chinese wind sector has continuouslyoutper ormed the most optimistic expectations, and 010

was no exception, with 16.5 GW o new wind power added,accounting or nearly hal o the total annual market.

M r t f r t f r 2011 2015

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Am itious government plans, supportive policies andstaggering investment in the wind sector in 010 all lead tothe conclusion that growth is set to continue or the years tocome, and China will remain one o the main engines drivingthe glo al wind sector.

As or the USA, the other major market driving glo al growthin the past, the uture is less certain. The US manu acturingindustry is reporting a healthy 5,600 MW under constructionat the eginning o 011, which is considera ly more than atthe same time in 010. Given such indicators, we willpro a ly see an upturn or wind in the USA, and the marketmight recover to its record 009 level y 015, or even

e ore.

Overall, GWEC predicts that at the end o 015, ve years

rom now, glo al wind capacity will stand at 449 GW, uprom 194 GW at the end o 010. During 015, 60.5 GW onew capacity will e added to the glo al total, compared to35.8 GW in 010.

The annual growth rates during this period will average18. % in terms o total installed capacity, and 11.1% orannual market growth. These rates are considera ly lowerthan in GWECs last orecast pu lished in 010, and they arevery modest compared to the past developments. This ismainly due to the continuing uncertainty a out the North

American market.

R g s r u

Three regions will continue to drive the expansion o windenergy capacity: Asia, North America and Europe.

as will remain the astest growing market in the world,driven primarily y China, which is set to continue the rapidupscaling o its wind capacity and hold its position as theworlds largest annual and cumulative market. Annualadditions are expected to e well over 0 GW in China y

015. This development is underpinned y very aggressivegovernment policies supporting the diversi cation oelectricity supply, supporting the growth o the domesticindustry, and making signi cant investments in thetransmission needed to get the electricity to market.

Sustained growth is also expected in India, which willincrease its capacity steadily y GW every year, and ecomplemented y growth in other Asian markets, including Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and the Philippines, amongothers.

For Asia as a whole, the annual market is expected to increaserom 19 GW in 010 to 6 GW in 015, which would

translate into a total o 116 GW o new capacity to e addedover this period ar more than in any other region. In 013,Asia is expected to overtake Europe as the region with the

largest total installed capacity, and it will reach a cumulativewind power generation capacity o 174.6 GW y 015.

MaRkeT FoRecasT 2011-2015

0

50

100

150

200250

300

350

400

450

500 GW

35.8

194.4-7.0

22.5

2011

41.5

235.915.9

21.4

2013

50.7

332.710.0

18.0

2014

55.6

388.39.7

16.7

2015

60.5

448.88.8

15.6

Annual capacity [GW]

Cumulative capacity [GW]

Cumulative capacity growth rate [%]

Annual capacity growth rate [%]

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

2012

46.1

282.011.1

19.5

%

-7.0%

15.9%

11.1% 10.0% 9.7%8.8%

22.5%21.4%

19.5%

18.0%16.7%

15.6%

2010


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We expect the n r h am r c market to remain su dued

or the next two years, as legislative uncertainty at theederal level in oth the US and Canada continues to e aconcern, although the outlook is righter in several US statesand Canadian provinces. We expect the 011 market torecover to 8 GW o new wind capacity (up rom 5.8 GW in

010), and y 014, the annual North American wind marketwill have recovered to its 009 size o 11 GW, growing to1 GW in 015. This would translate into an addition o50 GW in the US and Canada over the next ve years, andtake cumulative capacity up to 94. GW.

eur will continue to host the largest wind capacityglo ally until 013, when it will e overtaken y Asia. GWECexpects that y the end o 015, Europes installed capacitywill stand at 146.1 GW, compared to Asias 174.6 GW. by

015, the annual market will reach 14.0 GW, and a total o60 GW will e installed in Europe over this ve year period.

Large scale o shore wind developments in the coming yearswill account or an increasing share o the new wind capacityadded in Europe, and y 015, 3.1 GW (a out 1%) o theannual market is expected to come rom o shore

installations. This share is orecast to grow rapidly and willlend new momentum to developments in the ollowing years.

While Germany and Spain are expected to remain the leadingEuropean markets, a larger num er o strong markets willecome the trend as Italy, France, the UK and Portugal

continue expanding their wind capacity. There are alsoencouraging signs rom growing markets in the new EUmem er states, especially in Romania and Poland, and somenon-EU markets, such as Turkey. All o these countries areexpected to contri ute a larger share to the European total inthe uture.

Wind energy installations inl am r cwill start to

contri ute a growing share to the glo al market. Encouragingdevelopments in markets such as brazil, Mexico and Chilelead GWEC to expect that at the end o 015, a total o19 GW will e installed in the region, an increase o 17 GW

rom 010. However, this is still ar rom where many LatinAmerican countries could e, given the regions excellentwind resource. In many cases, the lack o avoura le policy

rameworks or wind power development and a lack opolitical commitment continue to hamper marketdevelopment. Developments in the past year have shownthat the region could still hold some surprises, and there are

chances that the expansion o the wind markets could emuch larger than what we can see rom where we are today.

In the p c fc r g , oth Australia and New Zealand areexpected to start growing at a stronger pace in the coming years to reach annual additions o 1.5 GW y 015, up rom just 176 MW in 010. This would ring the regions totalinstalled capacity up to 7.4 GW y the end o 015. bothcountries have spectacular wind resources and a greatuntapped potential, which is only slowly eing developed.However, especially in Australia, the political signals are

encouraging, and the healthy wind development pipelinesacross the region suggest that even more than this could eachieved.

GWECs outlook ora r c and the M e sis leastcertain. In the medium-term, the regions could develop intosmall ut not insigni cant players in the worlds wind marketwith annual installations reaching GW y 015, taking thetotal capacity up to 7.5 GW. However, su stantial windresources in some areas, developments in Kenya, Tanzaniaand Ethiopia, and a very large potential market in South

A rica on the verge o taking o suggest that we could seemuch stronger growth rates in A rica in the long term.

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annuaL MaRkeT FoRecasT BY Region 2010-2015

cuMuLaTiVe MaRkeT FoRecasT BY Region 2010-2015

0

5

10

15

20

25

30 GW

2015

14.0

12.0

26.0

5.0

1.5

2.0

2014

13.0

11.0

24.5

4.5

1.0

1.6

2013

12.0

10.0

23.0

3.5

1.0

1.2

2012

11.0

9.0

22.0

2.5

0.8

0.8

2011

10.0

8.0

20.5

1.5

0.7

0.8

2010

9.9

5.8

19.0

0.7

0.2

0.2

Europe

North America

Asia

Latin America

Pacic

Middle East and Africa

140

160

180

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

GW

2012 2013 2014 2015

107.1 119.1 132.1 146.1

61.2 71.2 82.2 94.2

101.1 124.1 148.6 174.6

6.0 9.5 14.0 19.0

3.9 4.9 5.9 7.4

2.7 3.9 5.5 7.5

2010

86.1

44.2

58.6

2.0

2.4

1.1

2011

96.1

52.2

79.1

3.5

3.1

1.9

Europe

North America

Asia

Latin America

Pacic

Middle East and Africa


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GWeC GLObAL WIND2010 REPORT

Wind power is expected to play a major role in helpingAustralias transition to a low car on economy. The countryoasts some o the est wind resources in the world, the

so-called roaring orties which sweep the south coast. TheAustralian government has set a 0% Renewa le EnergyTarget y 0 0, and today, wind power is supplying over5,100 GWh annually, which represents around % o nationalelectricity consumption.

At the end o 010, 1,880 MW o wind capacity was installedin Australia, consisting o 1,05 operating wind tur ines

spread over 5 wind arms. The amount o wind generationcapacity has increased y an average o 30% per year overthe past decade. While policy uncertainty, the low price orenewa le energy certi cates and the nancial crisis made itdi cult or developers to secure nancing in 010, recentchanges to the implementation o the Renewa le EnergyTarget should go a long way toward returning sta ility to theindustry.

th aus r w m rk 2010 y

Three new projects, which are all located in South Australia,ecame ully operational in 010, adding 167 MW o capacity

to the Australian electricity grid: Hallett (71.4 MW),Clements Gap (56.7 MW) and Lake bonney Stage 3 (39 MW).A urther eight projects totalling 1,047 MW are currentlyunder construction and expected to e completed within thenext three years.

An additional 8.8 GW o projects are proposed ordevelopment in Australia, and have either received planning

and environmental approvals or are currently applying orthem, and another 5 GW o projects are undergoing

easi ility studies. There is no shortage o availa le primeonshore wind sites in Australia, and as a result, there arecurrently no plans to develop o shore wind arms.

The size o Australian wind arms is increasing, and Accionas19 MW Wau ra wind arm in Victoria is currently thelargest with 1 8 tur ines spread over 173 square kilometres.However, signi cantly larger wind arms are under

a tr l

W rms u r c s rucow r n m S ex c c mm ss C c y [MW]

AGL / Meridian Energy Macarthur Victoria 013 4 0

Roaring 40s Musselroe Tasmania 013 168

AGL Hallett Stage 4 (Nth brown Hill) South Australia 011 13

Roaring 40s Waterloo South Australia 011 111

Union Fenosa Crookwell New South Wales 011 9

AGL Oaklands Hill Victoria 011 67

AGL Hallett Stage 5 (blu wind arm) South Australia 01 53

Hep urn Community wind arm Leonards Hill Victoria 011 4

Suzlon


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development, including the 4 0 MW AGL/Meridian EnergyMacarthur wind arm in Victoria. The iggest project currentlyproposed is a 1,000 MW wind arm in New South Wales(Silverton wind arm) y Epuron, which, in its current orm,will have 598 tur ines and meet 4.5% o the states totalpower consumption.

While wind arms are present throughout Australia, SouthAustralia accounts or nearly hal o the total national windcapacity.

i s w c c y aus r y sS i s C c y (MW)

South Australia 907

Western Australia 4 8

Victoria 0

Tasmania 187

New South Wales 143

Queensland 1

Australian Antarctic Territory 1

t : 1,880

Vestas dominates the Australian market with a market shareo 38%, ollowed y Suzlon with 5%. Other internationaltur ine manu acturers are also present with smaller marketshares, including NEG Micon (11%), Acciona (10%), Repower(8%) and Enercon (6%).

th R w e rgy t rg Sch m

The Australian governments Renewa le Energy Target (RET)

Scheme1

started on 1 January 010, mandating that 0% oAustralias electricity supply e sourced rom renewa leenergy y 0 0. The RET expands on the previous MandatoryRenewa le Energy Target (MRET), which egan in 001.

The RET is crucial in supporting investment in the renewa leenergy industry and it provides the main incentive or windpower development in Australia, unlocking an expectedinvestment o more than AUD 0 illion (EUR 15 illion /USD 0 illion) over the next decade. As it is the leastexpensive large scale renewa le energy, much o this target is

expected to e met with investment in wind energy.

However, during the last two years, di culties with theimplementation o the RET coupled with the glo al nancialcrisis and policy uncertainty surrounding a price on car ona ected the lending practices and risk appetite o anks. Thismade it di cult or wind arm developers to secure nancingin 010.

In June 010, the Australian Parliament passed legislation toseparate the RET into two parts the Large-scale Renewa leEnergy Target (LRET) and the Small-scale Renewa le EnergyScheme (SRES) and this legislation entered into orce on

1 January 011. Separating the two parts is intended toprovide greater certainty or large-scale renewa le energyprojects and small-scale renewa le energy systems yaddressing the oversupply o certi cates.

o h r cy m sur s

Other policy measures or renewa le energy developmentinclude the GreenPower schemes, which allow consumers topurchase renewa le energy rom their electric utility, as wellas state- ased eed-in tari or uy ack schemes or domestic

scale wind technology that provide some level o payment orcredit towards electricity ills.

In July 010, the Environment Protection and HeritageCouncil released its dra t National wind arm DevelopmentGuidelines or a period o 1 months to provide jurisdictionswith the opportunity to assess how these guidelines would eincorporated within their existing planning and developmentprocesses. The guidelines aim to outline est practice orindustry and planning authorities in areas including heritage,threatened species and tur ine noise.

The Australian Wind Energy Forecasting System3 waslaunched in 008. This is a centralised system that providespredictions o wind energy generation using weather

orecasts rom meteorological ureaus and operational datarom wind energy generators to orecast expected wind

energy generation.

With input rom the Clean Energy Council, Australia.

1 http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/renewa le-target.aspx http://www.ephc.gov.au/taxonomy/term/ 53 http://www.aemo.com.au/electricityops/awe s.html

ToTaL insTaLLed caPaciTY

y r 000 001 00 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010

MW 3 73 105 198 380 708 817 8 4 1,306 1,71 1,880


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Br z la r m us w r s urcIn 001, the rst brazilian wind atlas was pu lished,estimating brazils wind power potential at around 143 GWat 50m. In 008 and 009, new measurements carried out inseveral states at 80-100 meters indicate that the realpotential is considera ly higher, at more than 350 GW. Thiscompares to the countrys total power generation capacity o113.4 GW at the end o 010.

Large unpopulated land areas, a coastline o 9,650 km and

excellent resources help secure brazils prime position as apotential wind energy giant. The est proven wind resourcesare in the North/Northeast region o brazil, and in particularin the states o Rio Grande do Norte, Cear, Pernam uco andbahia. The South/Southeast also has good wind resources,especially in the states o Rio Grande do Sul and SantaCatarina.

W rgy hy r w r r c r rs

brazils windiest areas are located conveniently close to theelectricity grid and to demand centers. In addition, in acountry mainly powered y hydro energy and increasinglysu ering rom water shortages, wind power can, helpalleviate some serious energy security concerns, especiallyduring the dry winters. In addition to seasonal fuctuations,the new hydro power plants that are currently underconstruction will have very little, i any, water storage due toenvironmental concerns. This will leave the brazilianelectricity system more vulnera le to climatic varia ility andclimate change. Since 001, electricity shortages have

plagued the brazilian economy.

To mitigate this risk, over the past decade brazil has eeninvesting in ossil uel ased power plants, there y exposingthe economy to high and volatile uel prices.

th br z w m rk 2010

The brazilian wind market grew y 3 6 MW in 010, ringingthe total installed capacity up to 931 MW, a growth o 54. %in terms o total installed capacity, and a 3.8% increase in

terms annual capacity additions.

These num ers show that the brazilian wind market has nowreached a sta le pace o growth, and total installed capacityis expected to reach 1,000 MW during the rst ew months o

011.

pRoin a r gr mm x 2011

brazils PROINFA scheme was rst esta lished in 00 y thegovernment to spur renewa le energy development and toincrease the share o renewa le energy to 10% o brazilselectricity supply y 0 0, y stimulating the addition oover 1,100 MW o wind power, which was later expanded to1,400 MW.

A ter a slow start, the programme was extended severaltimes, now running until the end o 011, and it looksincreasingly likely that most o the 1,400 MW target will emet. Wind projects awarded through the PROINFA

programme account or over 95% o all wind powerinstallations in brazil.

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All 14 wind power projects installed and connected in 010were PROINFA projects, representing 6% o the total1,4 9 MW capacity contracted under the scheme. Overall,40 PROINFA wind arms are now in operation, totalling900 MW, while a urther 13 projects (394.1 MW) are stillunder construction, and the majority o these are scheduledto e connected to the grid y mid- 011. Only one remaining135 MW PROINFA project has not yet started construction.

W w r uc s br z

ReseRVe eneRgY aucTion LeR-2009In Decem er 009, the brazilian energy regulator ANEELhosted the countrys rst wind-only auction, contracting71 wind energy projects or a total capacity o 1,800 MW.Six major wind tur ine manu acturers success ully receivedorders ollowing the auction: GE, IMPSA Wind, Siemens,Suzlon, Vestas and Wo en/Enercon.

At the time, ANEEL esta lished a price ceiling o R$189(EUR 83.4/USD 113.1) per MWh. Although this was alreadylower than expected, the average price achieved in the

auction dropped to R$148 per MWh (EUR 88.6 / USD 65.3)on the day o the auction), as the result o the competitionamong developers o the more than 13 GW o wind projectsthat had already een licensed y ANEEL or this purpose.

aLTeRnaTiVe eneRgY aucTion LFa-2010 andReseRVe eneRgY aucTion LeR-2010In August 010, ANEEL hosted another auction or smallhydro, iomas and wind (Alternative Energy Auction LFA-

010), and the average price realised was elow that o the009 auction (R$134 per MWh). 1,519 MW o wind power

were contracted at this auction with 0 year PPAs, spreadover 50 peojects. The developers with the most contractedcapacity were Impsa-Energimp ( 70 MW) and I erdrola( 58 MW), ollowed y CHESF, Contour Glo al and Energisa.The contracted projects will have to deliver electricity to thegrid y 1 January 013.

On the same day, a second auction or the same renewa leenergy sources took place (Reserve Energy Auction LER-

010), awarding contracts to 0 wind power projectstotalling 5 8 MW. The main winning developers here were

Renova Energia, I erdrola and Enel. These projects need to e

online y 1 Septem er 013. The average price stayed elowthe previous auctions at R$ 1 3/MWh (EUR 54.3 /USD 73.6).

K y y rs h br z m rk

Historically, only one wind tur ine manu acturer, Wo enWindpower, a su sidiary o German company Enercon, waspresent in the brazilian market, with two manu acturingplants. More recently other suppliers egan to enter themarket included the Argentinean company Impsa, as well asSuzlon and Vestas, which have oth sold tur ines to

PROINFA projects.

More new market entrants that sold tur ines in the 009 and010 auctions include Alstom, Gamesa, GE Wind and

Siemens. These oreign suppliers have now ecome eligi leor bNDES nancing, ased on their commitment to

manu acture wind tur ine generators in brazil within a shorttime rame. The initial goal is to reach a local content shareo 60%. In order to achieve this, oth GE and Alstom Windare currently uilding actories in brazil, while Gamesa andSuzlon have announced local manu acturing plants. Siemens

already has a large manu acturing ase in brazil which willallow the company to produce and assem le wind tur ines.

brazil is well positioned to supply the wider Latin Americanmarket as well as the market in the United States, either withcompleted wind tur ines or with partly assem led parts.

ou k r 2011 y

Assuming that the projects contracted in the auction are uiltaccording to schedule, the outlook or wind energy in brazil is

very positive.

Together with the remaining 530 MW o PROINFA projects,which are scheduled to ecome operational in 011 or 01 ,470 MW o the rst projects rom the auctions should e

uilt in 011 and another 1,800 MW y 01 . A urther1,500 MW could e coming online in 013, according to theschedule o the 010 auctions. A urther two auctions have

een announced or June 011.

With input rom the

Brazilian Wind Energy Association (ABEEolica)


y r 005 006 007 008 009 010

MW 9 37 47 341 606 931


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W e rgy C010 represented another signi cant step orward or the

wind energy industry in Canada with the addition o 690 MWo wind energy capacity representing CAD 1.7 illion(EUR 1.3 n / USD 1.7 n) in new investment. These newprojects, operating in british Colum ia, Al erta, Ontario, Newbrunswick and Nova Scotia, rought Canadas total installedwind energy capacity to 4,009 MW at the end o 010.

Ontario is the current provincial leader in installed wind

energy capacity accounting or 1,457 MW roughly one-third- o national wind energy development. Al erta andQue ec ollow at 806 MW and 663 MW respectively, andCanadas other seven provinces together account or theremainder. Wind energy has increased almost ten- old in thelast six years in Canada as governments seek ways to meetrising energy demand, reduce environmental impacts oelectricity generation, and stimulate rural and industrialeconomic development. It is expected that wind energysrapid growth in Canada will continue with production triplingin the next ve years.

th cy r m w rk r w rgy

At the ederal level, the current governments ailure toextend or replace its very success ul ecoENERGY orRenewa le Power (ERP) incentive program in its 010 udgetwas a signi cant set ack. Among countries actively pursuingwind energy, it would e hard to nd another where the

ederal government is playing such a limited role, and theimplications or Canadian competitiveness are serious. That isparticularly true when it comes to competing or investment

with the United States, where the ederal government plays amore important role in acilitating the development o windenergy. While the ederal government has indicated that it

elieves it can est support wind energy deployment throughthe introduction o a regulatory ramework and price orgreenhouse gas emissions, the details and timing o such a

ramework remain unclear. Until then, the ederalgovernment remains on the sidelines and responsi ility orcompeting or wind energy investment rests with theprovinces.

In 009, the Ontario Government introduced Ontarios neweed-in tari (FiT) program under the Green Energy and

Economy Act, the rst o its kind in North America. 010 sawthe awarding o 1,5 9 MW o wind energy contracts underthe FiT.

Nova Scotias new energy policy, released in 010, hasesta lished a new comprehensive ramework or acilitatingwind energy development in the province. Among itsprovisions is the creation o a mandatory target or 5% othe provinces electricity needs to e supplied romrenewa le sources y 015 and a goal o oosting that to40% y 0 0.

In british Colum ia, the provincial government hasintroduced a Clean Energy Act outlining where it wants totake its electricity sector in the years to come. Wind proved

its via ility in the market in bC Hydros 010 call or cleanpower, with contracts awarded to six projects totaling534 MW o capacity, and the government has made it clear itsees the technology as an important player in its uture plans.

At the end o 010, Hydro-Que ec announced the results o aunique tendering process or 500 MW o wind energy romFirst Nations (indigenous peoples) and regional municipalities.With these new contracts, Que ec will have procured virtuallyall o the power required to meet its am itious o jective o4,000 MW o wind energy y 015. beyond 015, however,

the Que ec government has only indicated that it will procure100 MW o wind energy or every additional 1,000 MW o

c

W lf i l w f rm, k t , o t r Canadian Wind Energy Association


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hydroelectric development, which would leave thousands omegawatts o high quality wind energy resources undevelopedand pose a threat to the long-term via ility o the rapidlydeveloping wind energy supply and value chains in Que ec .The Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA) released aWindVision document or Que ec which proposes a via lepath orward or wind energy development in the province

rom 015- 0 5.1

insTaLLed caPaciTY BY PRoVince

Source: CanWEA

a r ss g s c cc c w w r

As wind energy grows across the country, more and moreCanadians are experiencing wind arms or the rst time.

While an Ipsos-Reid pollconducted y CanWEA in thesummer o 010 clearly indicated a majority o Ontarioresidents strongly support increased wind energydevelopment, the industry is acing a vocal minority oopposition at the local level, and does not take support orgranted.

In response, CanWEA has developed a comprehensive serieso best Practices in Community Engagement and Pu lic

Consultation3

to help guide the local activities o itsmem ers. The guidelines are designed to support wind energyproject developers in continuously improving their work withlocal communities while ensuring that they meet and striveto exceed provincial requirements or pu lic consultation.

ou k r 2011 y

Canada remains on track to have a minimum o 1 ,000 MWo wind energy in place y 015 keeping it on the pathrequired to meet CanWEAs goal to supply 0% o Canadas

electricity demand with wind energy in 0 5.

It is expected that 011 will see a record level o new winddevelopment with more than 1,000 MW likely to e installedin Canada. In addition, more than 6,000 MW have already

een contracted to e uilt over the next ve years. Thisgrowth will e augmented y recent requests or proposals

or more wind energy in Saskatchewan, New brunswick andPrince Edward Island as well as uture awards o eed-in taricontracts in Ontario.

Ch g s r h us ryWhile the prospects or Canadas wind energy industry overthe next ew years are very promising, and some positiveinitial steps have een taken to support the development o along-term market or wind energy, some o the challenges orthe industry include

Policy: Establishing long-term targets and stable andsustained policy supporting wind energy deployment iscritical to keeping investment in Canada;

Grid infrastructure: Facilitating the planning andconstruction o wind riendly transmission in jurisdictionsacross Canada as transmission constraints are alreadypreventing wind projects rom proceeding in some parts othe country;

Public acceptance: Engaging communities where windenergy development is proposed in a meaning ul ande ective manner is important ecause wind energyprojects cannot succeed without road communitysupport.

With input rom theCanadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA)

1 CanWEA: WindVision 0 5 A strategy or Que ec, 010. http://www.canwea.ca/pd /canwea-que ec-windvision-e-we - nal.pd

Ipsos Reid: Wind Energy in Ontario, July 010. http://www.canwea.ca/pd /ipsosreid_ontariosurvey.pd3 CanWEA: best Practices or Community Engagement and Pu lic Consultation, January 011. http://www.canwea.ca/pd /canwea-communityengagement-report-e- nal-we .pd


y r 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

MW 198 236 322 444 684 1,460 1,846 2,369 3,319 4,009


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A out 65% o Chiles electricity is currently generated insthermal plants urning imported ossil uels, mostly naturalgas and coal, while 34% is generated rom domestichydropower. It is expected that in the coming decade, thecountrys power consumption will increase y 6-8% per year.

Unlike many o its South American neigh ors, Chile haslimited indigenous ossil energy resources. This dependenceon imported ossil uels has created periods o electricityshortage over the past decade, or example when Argentinastarted reducing its natural gas supply to Chile in 004. Chile

is also vulnera le to long dry spells during the summer suchas the droughts in 007, 008 and 010. As a result, energyprices in Chile have nearly tripled in the last ve years.Fortunately, Chile is lessed with other renewa le energyresources, including wind, solar and geothermal, ut to datethey represent less than 1% o the energy mix.

Chile has good wind resources rom the northern deserts tothe extreme south, including the south-central zone which ishome to around 80% o the country's population and twothirds o its industry. Chiles wind energy potential is

estimated at around 40 GW. The areas o greatest potentialhave een identi ed y the Ministry o Energy and theDepartment o Geophysics at the University o Chile inSantiago1 and include the coastal zones o Atacama,Coquim o in north Chile, and Maule in the center; as well asCalama and the high plateau zones in the region oAnto agasta, and around the headlands along the entirecoast o the north and central zones

In 198 Chile pioneered the privatization o the electricitymarket. As a consequence, investment decisions are ased on

the marginal cost o electricity production o the availa letechnology port olio, with a reduced short term energy priceas the main o jective. Un ortunately, this policy has, againstexpectations, led to very high electricity prices and aninsecure power supply.

W rms Ch

Chile currently has 561 MW o non-hydro renewa le energycapacity, which is 3.7% o the countrys total installedcapacity, and o this, 171.6 MW is wind power.

The rst MW wind project (Alto baguales) was installed inChile in 001, in Aysn, in the ar south, and or a num er o years this was the only wind arm operating in the country.

In 007, the Canela 1 wind arm was constructed y EndesaEco (Endesa Chiles renewa le energy su sidiary) in thecoastal region near Coquim o, 300 km north o Santiago deChile, with 18. MW o capacity using Vestas 1.65 MWtur ines. This project was expanded in 009 y a urther60 MW (Canela II) with Acciona 1.5 MW tur ines.

Also in 009, a num er o other large scale wind arms wereinstalled in Chile, including Chiles largest wind arm to date,the 46 MW El Totoral project, which is operated y Norvind,a su sidiary o Norwegian power company SN Power. Thiswind arm is also located in Coquim o, and it uses MWVestas tur ines.

Another project which came online in 009 was the MonteRedondo 1 wind arm in the Ovalle municipality, 300 kmnorth o Santiago with a capacity o 38 MW, using MWVestas tur ines. This project is owned y a su sidiary o

French GDF Suez.

The 3.6 MW Le u wind arm in the Arauco province was alsoinstalled and grid connected in 009, y Chilean developerCristaleras Toro.

l rg w r c sum rs v s ww rms

In 010, two smaller projects came online, oth providingpower directly to industrial installations.

The rst was the .3 MW Ca o Negro wind arm, which wasinstalled in the region o Magallanes in Southern Chile y theCanadian methanol producer Methanex in order to oostpower production at its methanol plants, reducing itsexposure to increasing natural gas prices.

The second was the 1.5 MW wind arm or the Canadianmining company breakwater Resources to provide power orits El Toqui zinc mine. The El Toqui wind arm uses 75 kWVergnet tur ines and is operated y UK developer Seawind.

c l

1 Explorer Wind - Solar de Chile, see http://condor.dg .uchile.cl/EnergiaRenova le/Chile/


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Other examples o sel -supply wind arms include the goldmining company barrick, which is constructing a 36 MW wind

arm (Punta Colorada), and Australias Paci c Hydro, which isplanning to uild wind arms or the mining operations o bHP

billiton in northern Chile. Furthermore, Codelco (the mainstate-owned mining company and the world's largest copperproducer), has started the tendering process or theconstruction o its Calama wind power project.

th cy r m w rk r w rgy Ch

Chile does not have a speci c policy to encourage windpower development, and renewa le energy projects mustcompete in the market with conventional power generation.For the past 30 years, energy policy in Chile has een

ounded on the principles o ree market competitionetween private companies, regulation o natural monopoliesand a limited role o the state.

In 008, the Chilean government introduced a Renewa leEnergy Law (law 10. 57), which o liges power companieswho sell directly to nal customers to source 5% o theirpower rom renewa le energy sources or new contracts. Thispercentage will increase gradually to 0 4, and non-compliance will lead to penalties.

In 009, the Chilean government created the Centre orRenewa le Energy (CER) to support the development o a

renewa le energy industry in the country. The CER isexpected to take a leading role in promoting renewa leenergy technologies and to serve as a ridge etweenresearch entities and private companies. Its activities ocus

on accelerating investment in non-hydro renewa le energyand ecoming a knowledge and technology trans er hu .

o s c s w rgy v m

Apart rom the lack o policy support, grid in rastructure isone o the main limiting actors or wind power developmentin Chile. In addition, electrical engineers and other renewa leenergy pro essionals are urgently required to evaluate anddevelop the countrys renewa le energy potential, and toprovide expertise on grid integration issues.

ou k r 2011 y

According to the Chilean Energy Ministry, around ,000 MWworth o wind power projects have een su mitted into theenvironmental impact assessment system, with most othem expected to start operations etween 01 and 014,assuming that the technical and nancial conditions are metto complete these projects as scheduled.

With input rom the Center or Renewable Energy (CER), Chile

c l w f rm Endesa


y r 006 007 008 009 010

MW 0 0 168 17


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th Ch s w w r s c r010 was also an important year or Chinese wind tur ine

manu acturers, as our companies, including Sinovel,Goldwind, UnitedPower and Dong ang Electric, are part othe world's top ten largest wind tur ine manu acturers, andare eginning to expand into overseas markets.

Driven y glo al development trends, Chinese rms,including Sinovel, Goldwind, XEMC, Shanghai Electric Groupand Mingyang, have entered the competition to manu acture

wind tur ines o 5 MW or more.

Chinas wind power generation market is mainly sharedamong the big Five power producers and several othermajor state-owned enterprises. These rms account or morethan 80% o the total wind power market. The largest windpower operators, Guodian (Longyuan Electric Group), Datangand Huaneng expanded their capacity y 1- GW each duringthe year, while Huadian, Guohua and China GuangdongNuclear Power are ollowing close ehind. Most o the localstate-owned non-energy enterprises, as well as oreign-

owned and private enterprises have retreated rom themarket. Access to nance is generally not a pro lem or windpower projects.

pr gr ss h W b s r gr mm

In order to drive wind power development, the ChineseNational Energy Administration selected locations rom theprovinces with the est wind resources and set targets oreach o them to e reached y 0 0.

According to the plan, wind power ases will add up to138 GW o wind power capacity y 0 0, on the assumptionthat a supporting grid network is esta lished. So ar theChinese government has con rmed seven GW-scale WindPower bases, which amount to 83 projects. In 010, the WindPower base in Gansu Jiuquan reported the astest growth -more than 5 GW- while others ollowed with growth o1.8 GW to 4. GW (see ta le elow).

a u s c c y r W p w r b s s (MW)

W p w r b s 2010( s )

2015( )

2020( )

Hei ei 4,160 8,980 14,130

Inner Mongolia East 4, 11 13, 11 30,811

Inner Mongolia West 3,460 17,970 38,3 0

Jilin 3,915 10,115 1,315

Jiangsu 1,800 5,800 10,000

Gansu Jiuquan 5,160 8,000 1 ,710

Xinjiang Hami 0 5,000 10,800Total ,706 69,076 138,086

o sh r v m s Ch

O shore wind powers attractiveness stems rom strongpolicy support and the desire to access large electricitymarkets along the eastern coast o China. The rst o shorewind power demonstration project, which is also the rsto shore wind project outside o Europe, the Shanghai

Donghai bridge O shore wind arm, egan generating powerin June 010.

At the same time, the government launched pu lic iddingor the rst round o o shore wind concession projects in

May 010, and this was completed in Novem er 010,adding 1 GW o planned capacity in our projects along thecoastline o Jiangsu Province. The winning prices or theseprojects ranged etween 0.6 and 0.74 RMb/kWh (USD 9.4-11. cents / EUR 6.9-8. cents). These projects have to e

nished within three years.

In 010, the National Energy Administration and the StateOceanic Administration jointly pu lished Interim Measures

or the Administration o Development and Construction oO shore Wind Power, which should give impetus to Chinaso shore wind power development. The Interim Measures setout provisions or project approval procedures, as well ascriteria or project development and construction. They alsostipulate that tender procedures will e the pre erred method

or selecting project developers or o shore projects, andthat oreign investors can only hold a minority stake in

o shore wind developments.


y r 001 00 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010

MW 404 470 568 765 1, 7 ,559 5,871 1 ,0 0 5,805 4 , 87


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th R w e rgy l w h Ch s- r

The reathtaking growth o the Chinese wind energy industryhas een driven primarily y national renewa le energypolicies. The rst Renewa le Energy Law entered into orce in

006, and gave huge momentum to the development orenewa le energy. In 007, the rst implementation rules orthe law emerged, giving urther impetus to wind energydevelopment. In addition, the Medium and Long-termDevelopment Plan or Renewa le Energy in China rom 007

set out the governments long term commitment and putorward national renewa le energy targets, policies andmeasures or implementation, including a mandatory marketshare o 1% o non-hydro renewa le energy in the totalelectricity mix y 010 and 3% y 0 0.

In 009, the Renewa le Energy Law was amended tointroduce a requirement or grid operators to purchase acertain xed amount o renewa le energy. The amendmentalso requires grid companies to a sor the ull amount orenewa le power produced, also giving them the option o

applying or su sidies rom a new Renewa le Energy Fundto cover the extra cost related to integrating renewa lepower i necessary.

Also in 009, China nally introduced a eed-in tari or windpower generation, which applies or 0 years o a wind armsoperation. There are our di erent categories or the tari ,depending on the regions wind resources, ranging rom0.51 RMb/kWh (EUR 5.7 cents) to 0.61 RMb/kWh(EUR 6.8 cents).

C d v m M ch smA total o 869 Chinese projects have een approved as CDMprojects y the United Nations, accounting or 39% o thetotal num er o CDM projects registered, and income romthe CDM has made an important contri ution to investorsreturn. This has now een threatened, however, y challengesto the way in which Chinese projects have interpreted therule that any CDM project must e additional to what wouldhave happened otherwise. This issue needs to e resolved tomaintain the growth o the Chinese wind industry. There is

also uncertainty a out whether the CDM will continue in the

same orm a ter the expiry o the current Kyoto Protocolemissions reduction period at the end o 01 .

Gr c c r ms

The rapid development o wind power in China has putunprecedented strain on the countrys electricity gridin rastructure. This has ecome the iggest pro lem or the

uture development o wind power in the country, as someprojects have to wait or several months e ore eingconnected to the national grid.

There are reports that a large share o Chinas wind powercapacity is not grid connected, ut this is ased on a

undamental misunderstanding, which has its source in themethodology used or calculating installed capacity. The

Chinese Federation o Power Generation, which providesChinas energy statistics, only counts wind arms as

X Y k w f rm, R Wind Power Works


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operational rom the moment that the last tur ine o aproject has ecome grid-connected. However, in reality, mosto the installed wind tur ines o a project are connected tothe grid and generating power much earlier. This explains themuch reported gap etween installation and grid

connection which is o ten reported rom China. In othermarkets, it is common practice to include all tur ines that aregrid connected, whether or not they constitute a completedwind arm.

Due to a lack o incentives, Chinese grid companies haveeen reluctant to accept large amounts o wind power into

their systems. However, they have recently reached anagreement to connect 80 GW o wind power y 015 and150 GW y 0 0. According to gures y the State Grid, atthe end o 010, 40 illion RMb (EUR 4.5 n / USD 6.1 n)

had een invested to acilitate wind power integration intothe national power grid.

ou k r 2011 y

Despite its rapid and seemingly unhampered expansion, theChinese wind power sector continues to ace signi cantchallenges, including issues surrounding grid access and

integration, relia ility o tur ines and a coherent strategy ordeveloping Chinas o shore wind resource. These issues wille prominent during discussions around the twel th Five-Year

Plan, which will e passed in March 011. According to thedra t plan, this is expected to refect the Chinesegovernments continuous and rein orced commitment towind power development, with national wind energy targetso 90 GW or 015 and 00 GW or 0 0.

With input rom theChinese Renewable Energy Industry Association (CREIA)


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Egypts renewa le energy sector has gained momentum overthe last two decades, thanks to government commitmentand success ul international cooperation. The New andRenewa le Energy Authority (NREA) was set up in 1986 toassess the countrys renewa le energy resource and toinvestigate technology options through studies anddemonstration projects. Another aim o NREA is to introducemature technologies into the Egyptian market and to supportthe activities o the domestic industry.

Since the 1980s, a series o large-scale grid connected windenergy projects were installed in Egypt, and 1 0 MW wereadded in 010, taking the total installed wind capacity to550 MW.

a xc w r s urc

In 003, a detailed wind atlas was pu lished or Egypts Gulo Suez coast, concluding that the region has an excellentwind regime with wind speeds o 10 m/s, and the potential tohost several large-scale wind arms. This atlas was expanded

in 005 to cover the entire country, indicating that largedesert regions oth to the east and the west o the Nile River,

as well as parts o Sinai, have average an

gwec global wind report 2010 low res

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