INDIAN STATES

States

Capital

Languages

Andra Pradesh

Hyderabad

Telugu and Urdu

Arunachal Pradesh

Itanager

Miji, Apotanji, Merdukpen, Tagin,Adi, Honpa, Bangini-Nishi.

Assam

Dispur

Assamese

Bihar

Patna

Hindi

Chhattisgarh

Raipur

Hindi

Goa

Panaji

Marathi and Konkani

Gujarat

Gandhinagar

Gujarati

Haryana

Chandigarh

Hindi

Himachal Pradesh

Shimla

Hindi and Pahari

Mizoram

Aizawl

Mizo and English

Jammu & Kashmir

Srinagar (Summer)Jammu (Winter)

Kashmiri,Dogri, Urdu, Ladakhi,Pahari,Punjabi and Dadri

Jharkhand

Ranchi

Hindi

Karnataka

Bangalore

Kannda

Kerala

Trivandrum

Malayalam

Madhya Pradesh

Bhopal

Hindi

Maharashtra

Bombay

Marathi

Manipur

Imphal

Manipuri

Meghalaya

Shillong

Khasi, Jaintia and Garo

Nagaland

Kohima

Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema and Lotha

Orissa

Bhubaneswar

Oriya

Punjab

Chandigarh

Punjabi

Rajasthan

Jaipur

Rajasthani and Hindi

Sikkim

Gangtok

Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu

Tamil Nadu

Chennai

Tamil

Tripura

Agartala

Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kakborak

Uttar Pradesh

Lucknow

Hindi

Uttaranchal

Dehra Dun

Hindi

West Bengal

Calcutta

Bengali

Place

Location

Ajanta

Aurangabad (Maharashtra)

Amarnath Cave

Kashmir

Akbar's Tomb

Sikanara, Agra

Amber Palace

Jaipur (Rajasthan)

Anand Bhawan

Allahabad

Bhakra Dam

Punjab

Bibi Da Maqbra

Aurangabad

Birla Planetorium

Calcutta

Black Pagoda

Konark (Orissa)

Bodhisatva

Ajanta Caves

Brihadeeswara Temple

Tanjavur, Tanjor

Brindaban Gardens

Mysore

Buland Darwaza

Fatehpur Sikri

Charminar

Hyderabad

Cheena Kesava Temple

Belur

Chilka Lake

East Coast of India near Bhubaneshwar

Dal Lake

Srinagar

Dilwara Temple

Mt.Abu

Elephanta Caves

Bombay

Ellora Caves

Aurangabad

Gateway of India

Bombay

Golden Temple

Amritsar

Gol Gumbaz

Bijapur

Hanging Gardens

Bombay

Hawa Mahal (Place of winds)

Jaipur

Howrah Gridge

Calcutta

Island Palace

Udaipur

Itmaad-ud-Daulah's Tomb

Agra

Jagannath Temple

Puri

Jahaz Mahal

Mandu, M.P.(City of Joy)

Jai Stambha (Tower of Victory)

Chittorgarh

Jama Masjid

Delhi

Jantar Mantar

New Delhi

Jog (Gersoppa) Falls

Karnataka

Kailasa Temple

Ellora

Kanyakumari Temple

Kanyakumari

Khajuraho

M.P.

Kirti Stambha (Tower of victory)

Chittorgarh

Kornark

Orissa

Lakshmi Vilas Palace

Baroda

Lal Bagh Garden

Bangalore

Lalgarh Palace

Bikaner

Mahabaleshwar Temple

Ujjain (M.P.)

Maheshmuri (Trimurty)

Elephanta Caves

Malabar Hill

Bombay

Man Mandir Palace

Gwalior Fort

Marble Rocks

Jabalpur

Marina Beach

Madras

Minakshi Temple

Madurai

Mt. Girnar(Jain Temple)

Junagadh

Nagin Lake

Srinagar

Nishat Bagh

Srinagar

Padmanabha Temple

Trivandrum

Palitana

Junagadh

Panch Mahal

Fatehpur Sikri

Pichola Lake

Udaipur

Prince of Wales Muserm

Bombay

Qutab Minar

Delhi

Raj Ghat

New Delhi

Rashtrapati Bhawan

New Delhi

Red Fort

Delhi

Sanchi Stupa

Sanchi(Bhopal)

Sahar

Bombay

Sarnath Temple

Varanasi

Sidi Sayyid Mosque

Ahmedabad

Shalimar Bagh

Srinagar

Shahi Chashma

Srinagar

Shanti Vana

New Delhi

Shore Temple

Mahabalipuram

Somnath Temple

Gujarat

Statue of Gomateswars

Karnataka

Statue of Ugra Narasimha

Hampi

Sunderbans

West Bengal

Sun Temple

Konark

Taj Mahal

Agra

Tripati Temple

Andhra Pradesh

Tower of Silence

Bombay

Victoria Memorial

Calcutta

Victoria Garden

Bombay

Vijay Ghat

New Delhi

National Parks in India

Name

Place

State

Bandhavagarh National Park

Shahdol

Madhya Pradesh

Bandipur National Park

Mysore

Karnataka

Bannarghata National Park

Bangalore

Karnataka

Borivili National Park

Mumbai

Maharashtra

Corbett National Park

Garhwal

Uttar Pradesh

Dudhewa National Park

Lakhimpur

Uttar Pradesh

Eravikulan Rajmallay National Park

Idduki

Kerala

Gir National Park

Junagarh

Gujarat

Guindy National Park

Madras

Tamil Nadu

Hazaribagh National Park

Hazaribagh

Bihar

Kanha National Park

Mzandla & Balaghat

Madhya Pradesh

Kaziranga National Park

Jorhat

Assam

Kangchandsenda National Park

Gangtok

Sikkim

Nagerhole

Coorg

Karnataka

Nawegaon National Park

Bhandara

Maharashtra

Pench Nationa Park

Nagpur

Maharastra

Rohia Naional Park

Kullu

Himchal Pradesh

Shivpur Naional Park

Shivpuri

Madhyaradesh

Tadoba Naional Park

Chandrapur

Maharashtra

Valavadar Naional Park

Bhavnagar

Gujarat

Wildlife Sanctuaries

Name

Place

State

Chandraprabha Sanctuary

Varanasi

Uttar Pradesh

Dachigam Sanctuary

Srinagar

Jammu & Kashmir

Ghana Bird Sanctuary

Bharatpur

Rajasthan

Ghatprabha Bird Sanctuary

Belgaum

Karnataka

Jaldapara Sanctuary

Jalpaiguri

West Bengal

Kutree Game Sanctuary

Bestar

Madhya Pradesh

Manas Tigar Sanctuary

Barpeta

Assam

Melapattu Bird Sanctuary

Nellor

Andra Pradesh

Mudumalai Sanctuary

Nilgiris

Tamil Nadu

Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctury

Ahmedabad

Gujarat

Palamau Tiger Sanctuary

Daltonganj

Bihar

Periyar Sanctuary

Idduki

Kerala

Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary

Sawai Madhopur

Rajasthan

Ranthambhor Tiger Sanctuary

Sawai Madhopur

Rajasthan

Similipal Tiger Sanctuary

Mayurbhanj

Orissa

Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary

Gurgaon

Haryana

Sunderbans Tiger Sanctuary

24-Parganas

West Bengal

Chief Industries of the Countries

Country

Industries

Afghanistan

Dry and fresh fruits, wool carpets

Australia

Wool, dairy products, meat

Austria

Textile, leather goods, electro-technical machines

Brazil

Foot wear, coffee, iron ore

Belgium

Glass, textiles, transport equipment

Canada

Newsprint, machinery

Chile

Copper, iron ore

Congo

Oil, tobacco, plywood

Cuba

Sugar, tobacco, textiles, chemicals

Denmark

Fur,farm products

France

Textile, wine, silk, iron and steel products

Germany

Machinery, chemicals, iron and steel products

Ghana

Cocoa, gold, coffee

India

Jute, textile, sugar, hides and skins, tobacco, tea, cement, mica

Indonesia

Sugar, spices, rubber, rice, petroleum, carpets, leather

Iran

Petroleum, carpets, dry fruits

Iraq

Dates, Petroleum

Italy

Mercury, textiles, foodstuffs, footwear

Japan

Machinery, textiles, toys, silk, automobiles, electronic goods

Kenya

Coffee, tea, meat, sisal, hides, skins, cement, soda ash

Kuwait

Petroleum, Shrimp

Malaysia

Rubber, tin, timber, petroleum

Netherlands

Machinery, natural gas, chemicals

Saudi Arabia

Oil, dates, petroleum and its products

Spain

Lead, fresh fruits, textiles

Sweden

Matches, timber, iron ore

Switzerland

Watches, chemicals, electrical

Taiwan

Camphor, rice

UK

Textiles, medicines, machinery cars

USA

Petroleum, wheat, machinery, coal, automobiles, iron, grains

Russia

Petroleum, wheat, chemicals, heavy machinery, iron, gold

Vietnam

Tin, rice, rubber, teak, mineral ores

FAMOUS TOWNS in WORLD

Name

Famous For

No 10, Downing Street

Official residence of the British Prime Minister.

Abadan(Iran)

Famous for oil refinery

Alaska (U.S.A.)

In 1958 it was declared as 49th State of U.S.A. It is near Canada

Alexandria

City and sea-port of Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great. Handles about 80% of the country's exports.

Angkor Wat

Ruined temple in Cambodia. Signposts of ancient oriental civilisation.

Aswam Dam

A dam in Egypt across the River Nile.

Baku

Oilfields of Azerbaijan.

Bastille

It was a Jail in Paris. Destroyed during the French Revolution.

Beding (Australia)

Famous for gold mines.

Bethlehem

A town Palestine, the birth place of Christ.

Bikini Atoll

In Pacific Ocean, where first hydrogen bomb was tested by U.S.A.

Bikini

An atoll of the Marshall Islands. Atomb Bomb was dropped here experimentally in 1948.

Bratislava

A town in Czechoslovakia on Czech-Russian border.

Buckingham Palace

London residence of the British monarch.

Chushul

In Ladakh, highest airfield in the world. Chinese troops attacked it in 1962.

Corsica

An island where Napoleon was born.

Detroit (U.S.A)

The biggest car manufacturing town in the world.

Elephanta Caves (India)

Situated in an island 15 miles from Bombay. Famous for the statues of Siva and Parvati.

Fleet Street

Press Center in London.

Gaza Strip

In Egypt near Israeli border, was seat of United nations Emergency Force till 1957. Now under Israeli occupation.

Gibraltar

Key to Mediterranean, fortress and novel base situated on rock in the extreme South of Spain.

Golden Temple (India)

Famous temple of the Sikhs at Amritsar, constructed by Guru Ram Dass.

Hiroshima

An industrial center of Japan which was destroyed by atom bomb in 1945.

Hollywood (California. U.S.A.)

Famous for film industry

Hyde Park

A huge park in London.

Jerusalem

City in Israel. Jesus Christ was crucified here (now capital of Israel)

Khajuraho

It is the State of chattarpur, Bundelkhand in Madhya Pradesh. It is famous for Mahadev Temple.

Khorkov

Important town of Ukraine, manufactures motor cars, tractors and agricultural machinery.

Lop Nor

Palace in Sinkiang (Red China), site for atomic tests.

Los Angeles A part of California (U.S.A.)

The famous film industry of Hollywood is established here. It is famous as Cinima City of the world.

Lusaka

Venue of non-aligned nations summit in September 1970. Capital of Zambia.

Manchester (U.K.)

Cotton manufacturing city. It is one of the world's biggest cloth manufacturing center.

Marseilles

City and Seaport of Southern France. Famous for silk, wine, olive soap, margarine and candles.

Mecca (Saudi Arabia)

Sacred place of the Muslims because Prophet Mohammed was born here.

Montreal

Longest city of Canada. Famous for iron and steel works and motor car factories.

Nagasaki (Japan)

It is noted for its iron and steel industries. Atom was dropped here during World War II.

New Castle

An important port on the Tyne in England, famous for coal industry.

New Orleans (U.S.A.)

It is the greatest cotton and wheat exporting center in the world.

Osaka (Japan)

Known as the Manchester of Japan. It is sometimes called the Venice of Japan.

Pisa

In Italy, famous for Leaning Tower, one of the seven wonders of the world.

Pentagon

Headquarters of American Defence Forces.

Phnom-Penh

Capital of Cambodia.

Plais Des Nations

Venue in Geneva for holding international conferences.

Potala

Dalai Lama's palace at Lhasa (Tibet).

Sinai

Peninsula of Egypt between the Gulfs of Suez and Aquba, at the head of Red Sea.

Seychelles

Island in Indian Ocean, got freedom on June 28, 1976.

Sodom

In Israel, the lowest point on earth.

Vatican

Official residence of the Pope of Rome.

Versaillers (France)

Famous for the treaty of Versailles which ended World War I in 1918.

Vienna

Capital of Austria. The venue of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) between Russia and U.S.A.

Walling Wall

Part of the Western Wall of the Temple Court in Jerusalem. Part of the wall, probably dates from the time of Solomon, is regarded by both Jews and Moslems as one of special sanctity.

Wall Street

In Manhattan, New York, famous for American's stock exchange market.

White House

The official residence of the President of U.S.A. in Washington D.C.

Zurich (Switzerland)

Famous for the manufacture of cotton and silk and for its lenses.

FAMOUS PLACES IN WORLD

Place

Famous For

AUROVILLE

UNESCO sponsored world's first international town near Pondichery in Tamil Nadu named after Aurobindo Ghose. The town with an area of 15sq. miles and a population of 50,000 will be a self-supporting township having gour zones, viz., cultural, industrial, residential and international. It was inaugurated on February 28,1963.

ABU SIMBAL (U.S.A.)

A monument executed by UNSCO in Egypt, the famous temple at Nybia (Egypt) was facing submergence as result of the construction of Aswan Dam. UNSCO has reconstructed it at a cost of 36 million dollars and was inaugurated on 12th Sept. 1968.

ADAM'S BRIDGE

Sand and rock bridge between Sri Lanka and India. Legent has is that was constructed by Lord Rama when he was in invade Lanka of Ravana.

ALICE SPRINGS (Australia)

Spring with medicinal properties.

BIG BEN

Name given to the big clock of the British Parliament building.

BILLING'S GATE

London fish market. As a term, it means foul language.

DODOMA

This is going to be the new capital of Tanzania in place of Dar-es-Salam.

EIFFEL TOWER

985 feet high tower in Paris build by Gustav Effel in 1887-89 at a cost of 2,00,000

ELBA

An isolated island in the Meduterranean Sea, where Napoleon was exiled in 1841.

ELLORA

Famous for rock-pruned Kailash Temple (Aurangabad) in Maharashtra. An exquisite piece of Dravidian art. Ellora cave temples, 34 in number, present a blend of caves representing Buddhism and Jainism constructed in 8th century A.D.

ELYSEE PALACE

Official residence of the President of France. It was the venue of Paris Peace parleys on Vietnam.

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING (U.S.A)

World's one of the loftiest structures. It has 103 storeys and a height of 1200 feet.

ESCURIAL

One of the longest palaces in Spain.

TOWNS ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIES

TOWN

STATE

INDUSTRY

Aliabet

Gujarat

Oil Well

Alwaye

Kerala

Aluminium, Monazite; Rare Earth's Factory

Ambarnath

Maharashtra

Machine Tools Prototype Factory

Anand

Gujarat

Amul Butter, Cheese and Baby Food

Arvi (near Pune)

Maharashtra

TV Reception Station; Satellite Communication

Avadi, Chennai

Tamil Nadu

Heavy Vehicles; 'Vijayanta'Tank

Bailadila

Madhya Pradesh

Iron ore; Machanised mine

Barauni

Bihar

Oil Refinery

Baroda

Gujarat

Heavy Water Plant

Basti

Uttar Pradesh

Fruit Research

Bhadravati

Karnataka

Alloy Steel

Bhandara

Maharashtra

Explosives

Bhatinda

Punjab

Thermal Plant

Bhestan

Gujarat

Nylon

Bhilai

Madhya Pradesh

Steel Plant

Bhopal

Madhya Pradesh

Heavy Electricals

Bodra

West Bengal

Oil

Bokajan

Assam

Cement Plant

Bokaro

Bihar

Steel Plant

Burnpur and Kulti

West Bengal

Iron and Steel

Cambay

Gujarat

Petroleum

Chandiharh

The Capital of Punjab and Haryana

The beautiful City designed bylate Mons. Corbusier

Chandrapura

Bihar

Thermal Power

Chittaranjan

West Bengal

Locomotive

Cochain

Kerala

Shipbuilding

Debari (near Udaipur)

Rajasthan

Zinc

Dhuvaran

Gujarat

Thermal Power

Doiwala (near Dehra Dun)

U.P

Satellite Earth Station

Durgapur

West Bengal

Steel Plant; Dry Ice

Ennore

Tamil Nadu

Thermal POwer

Ernakulam

Kerala

Cables

Gomia

Bihar

Explosives

Gopalpur-on-Sea

Orrisa

Guided Missiles Centre

Haldia

West Bengal

Oil Refinery

Harduaganj

Uttar Pradesh

Thermal Power

Hissar

Haryana

Indo-Australian Shep-Farm

Hoshangabad

Madhya Pradesh

Security Paper Mill

Hyderabad

Andhra Pradesh

HTM Hydraulic Press

Jabalpur

Madhya Pradesh

Vehicles-"Shakti-man" and "Nissan"

Jaduguda

Bihar

Uranium ore Mill

Jalsindhi

Maharashtra

Hydroelectric

Jawalamukhi

Himachal Pradesh

Petroleum

Jetsar

Rajasthan

Mrchanized Farm

Changed Names of Important Countries, States & Places

OLD NAME

CHANGED NAME

Abyssinia

Ethiopia

Angora

Ankara

Basutoland

Lesotho

Batavia

Djakarta

Burma

Mayanmar

Bechuanaland

Botswana

British Guiana

Guyana

Combodia

Kampuchea

Cape Canaveral

Cape Kennedy

Ceylon

Sri Lanka

Christina

Oslo

Congo

Zaire

Constantinople

Istanbul

Dacca

Dhaka

Dutch East Indies

Indonesia

Dutch Guiana

Surinam

Formosa

Taiwan

Gold Coast

Ghana

Hollad

The Netherlands

Japan

Nippon

Malaya

Malaysia

Manchukuo

Manchuri

Mesopotamia

Iraq

Northern Rhodesia

Zambia

Nyasaland

Malawi

Peking (China)

Beijing

Persia

Iran

Rangoon

Yongon

Rhodesia

Zimbabwe

Salisbury

Harare

Sam

Thailand

South-West Africa

Namibia

Thanganyika Zanzibar

Tanzania

SOBRIQUESTS

PRIMARY NAMES

SOBRIQUETS

Aberdeen, Scotland

The Granite City

Africa

The Dark Continent

Amristsar, India

The City of the Golden Temple

Atlantic Ocean

The Herring Pond

Australia

The Land of the Golden Fleece,The Land of the Kangaroo

Bab-el-mandab

The Gate of Tears

Banrain

Island of Pearls

Bangalore, India

The Garden City of India

Belgium

The Cockpit of Europe

Belgtade, Yugoslavia

White City

Bombay, India

The Gateway of India

Broadway, New York

The Great White Way

Burma (Mayanmar)

The Land of the Golden Pagoda

Calcutta, India

The City of Palaces

Canada

The Land of Lilies, The Land of Maple

Chicago, USA

Windy City

Cochin, India

The Venice of the East, The Queen of the Arabian Sea

Cuba

The Pearl of the Antilles

Egypt

The Gift of the Nile

Finland

The Land of Thousand Lakes

Gibraltar

The key of the Mediterranean

Guinea Coast

White Man's Grave

River Hwang Ho, china

The Sorrow of China

Ireland

The Emerald Island

Jaipur

The Rose Pink City

MOUNTAINS,PEAKS OF THE WORLD

MOUNTAIN

HEIGHT IN METERS

RANGE

CONQUERED ON

Mount Everest

8,848

Himalayas

May 29, 1953

K-2 (Godwin Austin)

8,611

Karakoram

July 31, 1954

Kanchenjunga

8,597

Himalayas

May 25, 1955

Lhotse

8,511

Himalayas

May 18, 1956

Makalu I

8,481

Himalayas

May 15, 1955

Dhaulagiri I

8,167

Himalayas

May 13, 1960

Manaslu

8,156

Himalayas

May 9, 1956

Cho Uyo

8,153

Himalayas

Oct 19, 1954

Nanga Parbat

8,124

Himalayas

July 3, 1953

Annapurna I

8,078

Himalayas

June 3, 1950

Gasherbrum I

8,068

Karakoram

July 5, 1958

Broad Peak I

8,047

Karakoram

June 9, 1957

Gasherbrum II

8,034

Karakoram

July 7, 1956

Shisha Pangma (Gasainthan)

8,013

Himalayas

May 2, 1964

Gasherbrum III

7,952

Karakoram

Aug 11, 1975

Annapurna II

7,937

Himalayas

May 17, 1960

Gasherbrum IV

7,923

Karakoram

Aug 6, 1958

Cyachug Kang

7,921

Himalayas

Apr 10, 1964

Kangbachen

7,902

Himalayas

May 26, 1974

Disteghil Sar I

7,884

Karakoram

June 9, 1960

Himal Chuli

7,864

Himalayas

May 24, 1960

Khinyang Chchish

7,852

Karakoram

Aug 26, 1971

Nuptse

7,841

Himalayas

Oct 1970

Gasherbrum East

7,821

Karakoram

July 5, 1960

Nanda Devi

7,816

Himalayas

Aug 29, 1936

Chomo Lonzo

7,815

Himalayas

Oct 30, 1954

Ngojumba Ri I

7,805

Himalayas

May 5, 1965

Rakaposhi

7,788

Karakoram

June 25, 1988

Batura Muztagh I

7,785

Karakoram

July 30, 1976

Zemu Gap Peak

7,780

Himalayas

Unclimbed

Kanjut Sar

7,760

Karakoram

July 19, 1939

Kamet

7,756

Himalayas

June 21, 1931

VOLCANOES

Name

Country

Date of Last NotifiedEruption

Ojos dei Saldo

Argentina-Chile

1981- Steams

Guallatiri

Chile

1960

Cotopaxi

Ecuador

1975

Lascar

Chile

1968

Tupungatito

Chile

1964

Popocatepetl

Mexico

1920- Steams

Nevado del Ruiz

Colombia

1985

Sangay

Ecuador

1976

Klyuchevskaya Sopka

Russia

1974

Purace

Colombia

1977

Mauna Loa

USA

1978

Tacana

Guatemala

Rumbles

Cameroon Mt.

Cameroon

1959

Erebus

Antarctica

1975

Rindjiani

Indonesia (Lombok)

1966

Pico de Teide

Spain

1909

Semeru

Indonesia (Java)

1976

Nyirangongo

Zaire

1977

Mt. Etna

Italy

Active

Mt. Unzen

Japan

1991 (after 200 yrs)

mt.Pinatubo

Philippines

1991 (after 600 yrs)

Barren Island (andaman)

India

Active

Tajumulco

Guatemala

Rumbles

SOME HIGHEST WATERFALLS

Name

Location

Height in Metres

Angel

Venezuela

807

Tugela

Natal, South Africa

410

Kukenaam

Venezuela

610

Sutnerland

South Island, N.Z

589

Takkakaw

British Columbia

503

Ribbon (Yoesmite)

California

491

Upper Yosemite

California

436

Gavarnie

South-West France

421

Vettifoss

Norway

366

Widows' Tears (Yosemite)

California

357

Stubbach

Switzerland

300

Middle Cascade (Yosemite)

California

227

King Edward VIII

Guyana

259

Gersoppa

India

253

Kaieteur

Guyana

251

Skykje

Norway

250

Kalambo

Trnzania-Zambia

426

Fairy (Mt.Rainier Park)

Washington

213

Trummelbach

Switzerland

213

Aniene (Teverpne)

Italy

207

Cascata delle Marmore

Italy

198

Maradalsfos

Norway

196

Feather

California

195

Maletsunyane

Lesotho

192

Bridalveli (Yosemite)

California

189

Multnomah

Oregon

189

Voringsfos

Norway

182

Nevada (Yosemite)

California

181

Skjeggedal

Norway

160

Marina

Guyana

152

LARGEST LAKES OF THE WORLD

Name and Location

Area in Sq.Km.

Caspian Sea, Russia

393,898

Superior, U.S.A. Canada

82,814

Nyanza, Tansania-Uganda, Kenya

69,485

Aral Russia

66,457

Huron, U.S.A. Canada

59,596

Michigan, U.S.A.

58,016

Tanzania-Zaire, Zambia 4

38,893

Baikal, Russia

31,500

Great Bear, Canada

31,080

Nyasa, Malawi-Mozambique-Tanzania

30,044

Great Salve, Canada

28,930

Chad, Chad-Niger-Nigeria, Cameroon

25,760

Erie, U.S.A.-Canada

25,719

Winnipeg, Canada

23,533

Ontario, U.S.A.-Canada

19,477

Balkash, Russia

18,428

Ladoga, Russia

18,130

Onega

9,891

Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru

8,135

Nicaragua, Nicaragua

8,001

Athabaska, Canada

7,920

Rudolf, Kenya, Ethiopia

6,405

Reindeer, Canada

6,330

Eyre, SouthAustralia

6,216

Issyk-Kul, Russia

6,200

Urmia, Iran

6,001

Torrens, South Australia

5,698

Vanern, Sweden

5,545

Winnipegosis, Canada

5,403

Mobutu Sese Seko, Uganda

5,299

Nettilling, Baffin Island, Canada

5,051

Nipigon, Canada

4,843

Manitoba, Canada

4,706

Great Salt, U.S.A.

4,662

Kiogo, Uganda

4,403

Koko-Nor, China

4,222

CONTINENTS

Name

Area in Square Kilometers

% of Earth's Area

Highest Point in meters[sea-level]

Lowest Point in meters[sea-level]

Asia

43 998 000

29.5

Everest [8848]

Dead Sea [-396.8]

Africa

29 800 000

20.0

Kilimanjaro [5894]

Dead Sea [-156.1]

North America

21 510 000

16.3

McKinely [6194]

Death Valley [-85.9]

South America

17 598 000

11.8

Aconcagua [6960]

Valdes Penin [-39.9]

Europe

9 699 550

6.5

Elbrus [5663]

Caspian Sea [-28.0]

Australia

7 699 000

5.2

Kosciusko [2228]

Lake Eyre [-15.8]

Antarctica

13 600 000

9.6

Vinson Massif [5140]

World's Deserts

Name

Area in Sq. Km

Territories

The Sahara

84,00,000

Algeria Chad, Libya, Mauritania, Sudan,Tunisia, Egypt, Motocca, etc.

Australian Desert

15,50,000

Australia, Great Victoria, Simpson, etc.

Arabian Desert

13,00,000

Southern Arabia, Iraq, Yamen etc.

The Gobi

10,40,000

Mongolia and China

Kalahari Desert

5,20,000

Botswana

Takla Makan

3,20,000

Sinkiang, China

Sonoran Desert

3,10,000

Arizona and California, U.S.A., and Mexico

Namib Desert

3,10,000

Namibia

Kara Kum

2,70,000

Turkmanistan

Thar Desert

2,60,000

Northwestern India and Pakistan

Somall Desert

2,60,000

Somalia

Atacama Desert

1,80,000

Northern Chile

Kizil Kum

1,80,000

Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan

Dasht-e-Lut

52,000

Eastern Iran

Mojave Desert

35,000

Southern Californis

Desierto De Sechura

26,000

North-West 'Peru'

Islands of the World

Island

Area in Sq.Km

Location

Greenland

North Atlalntic

2,175,600

New Guinea

South-West Pacific

777,000

Borneo

West mid-Pacific

725,545

Madagascar

Indian Ocean

587,042

Baffin

North Atlantic

476,065

Sumatra

Northeast Indian Ocean

473,600

Honshu

Sea of Jappan-Pacific

228,000

Great Britain

Off Coast North-West Europe

218,041

Ellesmere

Artic Ocean

196,236

Victoria I

Artic Ocean

212,197

Celebes

West Mid-Pacific

189,035

South Islands

South Pacific

150,460

Java

Indiand Ocean

126,295

North Island

South Pacific

114,687

Cuba

Carribbean Sea

114,522

Newfoundland

North Atlantic

112,300

Luzon

West mid-Pacific

104,688

Iceland

North Atlantic

102,999

Mindanao

West mid-Pacific

94,226

Ireland

West of Great Britain

82,460

Hokkaido

Sea of Japan-Pacific

77,900

Hispaniola

Caribbean Sea

76,192

Tasmania

South of Australia

67,900

Sri Lanka (Ceylon)

Indian Ocean

65,600

Sakhalin (Karafuto)

North of Japan

63,610

Banks

Artic Ocean

60,166

Devon

Artic Ocean

54,030

Kyushu

Sea of Japan-Pacific

42,018

Melville

Artic Ocean

41,805

Axel Heriberg

Artic Ocean

40,868

Southampton

Hudson bay

40,663

Cities Situated on River Sides

CITY

RIVER

COUNTRY

Alexandria

Nile

Egypt

Amsterdam

Amsel

Netherlands

Antwerp

Scheidt

Belgium

Baghded

Tigris

Iraq

Bangkok

Menam

Thailand

Belgrade

Danube

Yugoslavia

Berlin

Spree

Germany

Bonn

Rhine

Germany

Budapest

Danube

Hungary

Cairo

Nile

Egypt

Canton

Canton

China

Glasgow

Clyde

Scotland

Hamburg

Elbe

Germany

Karachi

Indus

Pakistan

Lahore

Ravi

Pakistan

London

Thames

England

Montreal

Ottawa

Canada

Moscow

Moskow

Russia

New York

Hudson

U.S.A.

Paris

Seine

France

Quebec

St.Lawrence

Canada

Rangoon

Irrawadi

Mayanmar

Rome

Tiber

Italy

Tokyo

Sumida

Japan

Vienna

Danube

Austria

Warswa

Vistula

Poland

Delhi

Yamuna

India

RIVERS

RIVER

OUTFLOW

LENGTH

Nile

Mediterranean Sea

6,690

Amazon

Atlantic Ocean

6,296

Mississippi Missouri-Red Rock

Gulf of Mexico

6,020

Yangtze-Kiang

China Sea

5,797

Ob

Gulf of Ob

5,567

Yellow (Hwang Ho)

Gulf of Chihli

4,667

Yenisey

Arctic Ocean

4,506

Parana

Rio de la plata

4,498

Irtish

Ob River

4,438

Congo

Atlantic Ocean

4,371

Amur

Tatar Strait

4,352

Lena

Artic Ocean

4,268

Mackenzie

Beaufort Sea (Artic Ocean)

4,241

Niger

Gulf of Guinea

4,184

Mekong

South China Sea

4,023

Mississippi

Gulf of Mexico

3,779

Missouri

Mississippi River

3,726

Volga

Caspian Sea

3,687

Maderia

Amazon River

3,238

Purus

Amazon River

3,207

Sao Francisco

Atlantic Ocean

3,198

St. Lawrence

Gulf of St. Lawrence

3,058

Yukon

Bering Sea

3,058

Rio Grande

Gulf of Mexico

3,034

Brahmaputra

Ganges River

2,897

Indus

Arabian Sea

2,897

Danube

Black Sea

2,842

Euphrates

Shatt-al-Arab

2,799

Darling

Murray River

2,739

Zambezi

Mozambique Channel

2,736

Tocantins

Para River

2,699

Murrary

Indian Ocean

2,589

Nelson

Hudson Bay

2,574

Paraguay

Parana River

2,549

Ural

Caspian Sea

2,533

Ganges

Bay of Bengal

2,506

Amu Darya (Oxus)

Aral Sea

2,414

Japura

Amazon River

2,414

Salween

Gulf of Martaban

2,414

Arkansas

Mississippi River

2,333

Colorado

Gulf of California

2,333

Dnieper

Black Sea

2,284

Ohio Alledheny

Mississippi River

2,102

Irrawaddy

Bay of Bengal

2,092

Orange

Atlantic Ocean

2,092

Orinoco

Atlantic Ocean

2,062

Pilcomayo

Paraguay River

1,999

Xi Jiang (Si Kiang)

China Sea

1,989

Columbia

Pacific Ocean

1,983

Don

Sea of Azov

1,968

Sungari

Amur River

1,955

Saskatchewan

Lake Winnipeg

1,939

Peace

Great Slave River

1,923

Tigris

Shatt-al-Arb

1,899

SEAS

SEAS

Area In Sq. Km

Average Depth in Meters

South China Sea

2,974,600

1,200

Caribbean Sea

2,753,000

2,400

Mediterranean Sea

2,503,000

1,485

Bering Sea

2,268,180

1,400

Gulf of Mexico

1,542,985

1,500

Sea of Okhotsk

1,527,570

840

East China Sea

1,249,150

180

Hudson Bay

1,232,300

120

East Sea

1,007,500

1,370

Andaman Sea

797,700

865

North Sea

575,300

90

Black Sea

461,980

1,100

Red Sea

437,700

490

Baltic Sea

422,160

55

Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf)

238,790

24

Gulf of St. Lawrence

237,760

120

Gulf of California

162,000

810

English Cannel

89,900

54

Irish Sea

88,550

60

Bass Strait

75,000

70

Geographical Terms

ANTIPODES

A region or place on the opposite side of a point on the earth.

ANTICYCLONES

Winds which blow outward from the center.

APHELION

Position of the earth in its orbit when is at the maximum distance from the sun.

ARCHIPELAGO

A cluster of islands, e.g., Pearl Islands in the Gulf of Panama.

ATOLL

Coral reef resembling a horse shoe, enclosing a lagoon.

AXIS

An imaginary line joining north and south poles.

AVALANCHE

A vast mass of snow mixed with earth or stones.

BIOSPHERE

Animate or inanimate organic kingdom on earth.

CANYON

A deep valley cut by a river through a mountain region, e,g., the Grand Canyon of the Colarado river in the USA.

CONTINENTAL SHELF

Land adjoining a continent submerged in the sea.

CYCLONES

A low pressure system area in which the wind blows spirally inward.

CROP ROTATION

Growing different crops needing different minerals for their growth in the same piece of land in order to get more yield.

DATE LINE

An imaginary line pointing north-south approximating to the Meridian 180 (east or west) where the date changes by one day the moment it is crossed.

DELTA

Alluvial deposit shaped like Greek letter, formed at the mouth of the river, where it falls into the sea, e.g., the Sunderban delta.

DEW

Condensed atmospheric water vapours due to the cooling of the air.

DRY FARMING

Growing of crops in low rainfall areas by moisture conservation, crop rotation but without irrigation.

EQUATOR

An imaginary line dividing the earth into two equal parts.

EQUINOXES

The day on which nights and days are of equal duration, e.g., March 22 and September 23.

EROSION

Wearing away of the earth's land surface by rain, wind, water, etc. rendering the land infertile.

ECLIPSE

When one earthly body obscures another one partially or completely.

FOG

When the atmospheric moisture touches cold earth and condenses on dust particles.

FROST

When the atmospheric moisture deposits in the shape of icy flakes on the exposed objects or near the ground due to below freezing point temperature.

HIGH SEAS

The parts of the sea which do not come under the territorial jurisdiction of the nations.

ICEBERG

Huge mass of ice separated from glacier in the polar regions. These masses of ice float in the oceans with 9 parts submerged in the ocean and one part visible.

ISOBARS

Lines on the map connecting the places of the same pressure.

ISOTHERMS

Lines on the map joining the places of the same temperature.

ISTHMUS

Narrow neck of land joining two land areas.

KUNDAN

Anew variety of wheat which gives high yields in both rained and irrigated tracts and responds well to low dose of water and fertiliser.

LAGOON

A shallow stream of water at the mouth of a river enclosed bu dunes of river silt.

LIGHT YEAR

The distance traveled by light in one year. It is equal to 9.4*10612 km.

LOCAL TIME

Time calculated from the sun at noon at any place of earth.

MERIDIAN

Imaginary line joining north and south poles and cutting the equator at right angles.

MIST

It is just like fog but contain more moisture.

OASIS

A part of the desert where water and vegetation are found.

ORBIT

The path of the heavenly bodies.

PYGMALLION POINT

The southernmost point of India, 700 km away from mainland India.

PRAIRIES

Smooth, treeless, green plain of Central and North America.

REEF

Jutting of rock or shingle or sand at just above or below sea level.

SAVANNA

Land covered with natural grass.

SIDEREAL DAY

Time taken by the earth to rotate once round its axis.

SNOW LINE

Altitudinal line along which the area remains snow clad.

SPRING TIDES

Higher tides in the ocean caused by the sun and the moon together. When the sun, the earth and the moon are positioned in a straight line.

NEAP TIDES

Tides caused by the differences of the forces exerted by the moon and the sun when both are at right angles to each other.

TORNADO

A brisk and violent storm generally having rotator motion.

TUNDRAS

Peripheral area of Arctic ocean.

TYCOON

Violent hurricane in China Sea.

WEATHER SATELLITE

Artificial satellite designed to forecast weather.

WESTERLIES

Constant winds blowing from south-west in the northern hemisphere and north-west in south hemisphere.

CONTINENTS (by size)

#1 Asia

44,579,000 sq km

#2 Africa

30,065,000 sq km

#3 North America

24,256,000 sq km

#4 South America

17,819,000 sq km

#5 Antarctica

13,209,000 sq km

#6 Europe

9,938,000 sq km

#7 Australia/Oceania

7,687,000 sq km

CONTINENTS (by population)

#1 Asia

3,674,000,000

#2 Africa

778,000,000

#3 Europe

732,000,000

#4 North America

483,000,000

#5 South America

342,000,000

#6 Australia/Oceania

31,000,000

#7 Antarctica

0

CONTINENTS (by the number of countries)

#1 Africa

53

#2 Asia

44

#3 Europe

46

#4 North America

23

#5 Australia/Oceania

14

#6 South America

12

LARGEST COUNTRIES (by land mass)

Russia 17,075,400 sq km, (6,592,846 sq miles)

Canada 9,330,970 sq km, (3,602,707 sq miles)

China 9,326,410 sq km, (3,600,947 sq miles)

United States 9.166,600 sq km, (3,539,242 sq miles)

Brazil 8,456,510 sq km, (3,265,075 sq miles)

Australia 7,617,930 sq km, (2,941,283 sq miles)

India 2,973,190 sq km, (1,147,949 sq miles)

Argentina 2,736,690 sq km, (1,056,636 sq miles)

Kazakhstan 2,717,300 sq km, (1,049,150 sq miles)

Sudan 2,376,000 sq km, (917,374 sq miles)

SMALLEST COUNTRIES (by land mass)

Vatican City 0.44 sq km, (0.17 sq miles)

Monaco 1.95 sq km, (0.75 sq miles)

Nauru 21.2 sq km, (8.2 sq miles)

Tuvalu 26 sq km, (10 sq miles)

San Marino 61 sq km, (24 sq miles)

Liechtenstein 160 sq km, (62 sq miles)

Marshall Islands 181 sq km, (70 sq miles)

Seychelles 270 sq km, (104 sq miles)

Maldives 300 sq km, (116 sq miles)

St. Kitts and Nevis 360 sq km, (139 sq miles)

OLDEST COUNTRIES

San Marino (301 AD)

France (486 AD)

Denmark (950 AD)

Portugal (1143 AD)

Andorra (1278 AD)

Switzerland (1291 AD)

YOUNGEST COUNTRIES

East Timor (2002)

Palau (1994)

Czech Republic (1993)

Eritrea (1993)

Slovakia (1993)

Bosnia/Hertzegovina (1992)

RICHEST COUNTRIES (GNP in USA Dollars)

Luxembourg ($45,360)

Switzerland ($44,355)

Japan ($41,010)

Liechtenstein ($40,000)

Norway ($34,515)

POOREST COUNTRIES (GNP in USA Dollars)

Mozambique ($80)

Somalia ($100)

Eritrea ($100)

Ethiopia ($100)

Congo, DNC ($100)

COUNTRIES WITH MOST LAND BORDERS (The Most Neighboring Countries)

China (14)

Russian Federation (14)

Brazil (10)

Congo, Germany and Sudan (9)

Austria, France, Tanzania, Turkey and Zambia (8)

LARGEST METRO AREAS IN THE WORLD

Toyko, Japan 31.4 million

New York City - Philadelphia area, USA 30.05 million

Mexico City, Mexico 20.98 million

Seoul, South Korea 19.85 million

Sao Paulo, Brazil 18.5 million

Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto, Japan 17.6 million

Jakarta, Indonesia 17.58 million

New Delhi, India 16.7 million

Mumbai, India (Bombay) 16.69 million

Los Angeles, USA 16.62 million

al-Qahira, Egypt 15.5 million

Calcutta, India 13.8 million

Manila, Philippines 13.5 million

Buenos Aires, Argentina 12.91 million

Moscow, Russian Fed. 12.1 million

MAJOR RIVERS (By Length)

Nile, Africa (6,825 km)

Amazon, South America (6,437 km)

Chang Jiang (Yangtze), Asia (6,380 km)

Mississippi, North America (5,971 km)

Yenisey-Angara, Asia (5,536 km)

Huang (Yellow), Asia (5,464 km)

Ob-Irtysh, Asia (5,410 km)

Amur, Asia (4,416 km)

Lena, Asia (4,400 km)

Congo, Africa (4,370 km)

Mackenzie-Peace, North America (4,241 km)

Mekong, Asia (4,184 km)

Niger, Africa (4,171 km)

MAJOR LAKES (By Size)

Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (371,000 sq km)

Superior, North America (82,100 sq km)

Victoria, Africa (69,500 sq km)

Huron, North America (59,600 sq km)

Michigan, North America (57,800 sq km)

Tanganyika, Africa (32,900 sq km)

Baikal, Asia (31,500 sq km)

Great Bear, North America (31,300 sq km)

Aral Sea, Asia (30,700 sq km)

Malawi, Africa (28,900 sq km)

Great Slave, Canada (28,568 sq km)

Erie, North America (25,667 sq km)

Winnipeg, Canada (24,387 sq km)

Ontario, North America (19,529 sq km)

Balkhash, Kazakhstan (18,300 sq km)

DEEPEST LAKES (By Greatest Depth)

Baikal, Russian Fed. (5,315 ft)

Tanganyika, Africa (4,800 ft)

Caspian Sea, Asia-Europe (3,363 ft)

Malawi or Nyasa, Africa (2,317 ft)

Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan (2,303 ft)

TOP 10 TALLEST MOUNTAINS (By Size)

Mount Everest 8850m (29035 ft) Nepal

Qogir (K2) 8611m (28250 ft) Pakistan

Kangchenjunga 8586m (28169 ft) Nepal

Lhotse 8501m (27920 ft) Nepal

Makalu I 8462m (27765 ft) Nepal

Cho Oyu 8201m (26906 ft) Nepal

Dhaulagiri 8167m (26794 ft) Nepal

Manaslu I 8156m (26758 ft) Nepal

Nanga Parbat 8125m (26658 ft) Pakistan

Annapurna I 8091m (26545 ft) Nepal

TALLEST MOUNTAINS (On Each Continent)

Mount Everest 8850m (29035ft) Asia

Aconcagua 6959m (22831ft) S. America

Mount McKinley 6194m (20320ft) N. America

Mount Kilimanjaro 5963m (19563ft) Africa

Mount Elbrus 5633m (18481ft) Europe

Puncak Jaya 4884m (16023ft) Oceania

Vinson Massif 4897m (16066ft) Antarctica

HIGHEST/LOWEST SURFACE POINTS (Below Sea Level, On Each Continent)

Dead Sea, Asia -409 meters

Lake Assal, Africa -156 meters

Death Valley, North America -86 meters

Valds Peninsula, South America -40 meters

Caspian Sea, Europe -28 meters

Lake Eyre, Australia -16 meters

Antarctica (ice covered) -2,538 meters

Cities Situated on River Sides

CITY

RIVER

COUNTRY

Alexandria

Nile

Egypt

Amsterdam

Amsel

Netherlands

Antwerp

Scheidt

Belgium

Baghded

Tigris

Iraq

Bangkok

Menam

Thailand

Belgrade

Danube

Yugoslavia

Berlin

Spree

Germany

Bonn

Rhine

Germany

Budapest

Danube

Hungary

Cairo

Nile

Egypt

Canton

Canton

China

Glasgow

Clyde

Scotland

Hamburg

Elbe

Germany

Karachi

Indus

Pakistan

Lahore

Ravi

Pakistan

London

Thames

England

Montreal

Ottawa

Canada

Moscow

Moskow

Russia

New York

Hudson

U.S.A.

Paris

Seine

France

Quebec

St.Lawrence

Canada

Rangoon

Irrawadi

Mayanmar

Rome

Tiber

Italy

Tokyo

Sumida

Japan

Vienna

Danube

Austria

Warswa

Vistula

Poland

Delhi

Yamuna

India

DRIEST INHABITED PLACES (Rain fall in inches per year)

Aswan, Egypt 0.02"

Luxor, Egypt 0.03"

Arica Desert, Chile 0.04"

Ica, Peru 0.1"

Antofagasta, Chile 0.2"

El Minya, Egypt 0.2"

Asyut, Egypt 0.2"

WETTEST INHABITED PLACES (Rain fall in inches per year)

Buenaventira, Colombia 267"

Monrovia, Liberia 202"

Pagp Pago, American Samoa 198"

Moulein, Burma (Myanmar 192" )

Lae, Papua New Guinea 183"

Sylhet, Bangladesht 178"

Indian States International Boundaries

1

Bordering Pakistan

Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat.

2

Bordering China

Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh.

3

Bordering Nepal

Bihar, Uttaranchal, UP, Sikkim, West Bengal

4

Bordering Bangladesh

West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura, Assam

5

Bordering Bhutan

West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam

6

Bordering Myanmar

Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram

7

Bordering Afghanistan

Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan - occupied area

Heights of Some Important Indian Peaks

SNo

Peak

Height in metres above mean Sea Level

1

K2

8,611

2

Kanchen Junga

8,598

3

Nanga Parvat

8,126

4

Gasher Brum

8,068

5

Broad Peak

8,047

6

Disteghil Sar

7,885

7

Masher Brum E

7,821

8

Nanda Devi

7,817

9

Masher Brum W

7,806

10

Rakaposhi

7,788

11

Kamet

7,756

12

Saser Kangri

7,672

13

Skyang Kangri

7,544

14

Sia Kangri

7,422

15

Chaukhamba (Badrinath Peak)

7,138

16

Trisul West

7,138

17

Nunkun

7,135

18

Pauhunri

7,128

19

Kangto

7,090

20

Dunagiri

7,066

Hill Stations India

Hill Stations

State Name

Almora (Kumaon hills)

Uttar Pradesh

Cherrapunji (Shillong)

Meghalaya

Coonoor (Nilgiri hills)

Tamil Nadu

Dalhousie

Himachal Pradesh

Darjeeling

West Bengal

Gulmarg

Kashmir (Highest)

Kasauli (Shimla)

Himachal Pradesh

Kodaikanal

Tamil Nadu

Mahabaleshwar

Maharashtra

Mt. Abu

Rajasthan

Mussoorie

Uttaranchal

Nainital

Uttaranchal

Ootacamund

Tamil Nadu

Pachmarhi

Madhya Pradesh

Ranchi

Jharkhand

Shillong (Khasi hills)

Meghalaya

Shimla

Himachal Pradesh

Srinagar

Jammu & Kashmir

Important Crops India

1

Rice

West Bengal, Punjab, UP

2

Wheat

UP, Punjab, Haryana

3

Maize

Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka

4

Bajra

Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP

5

Jowar

Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, AP

6

TOTAL COARSE CEREALS

Maharashtra, Karnataka, UP

7

TOTAL PULSES

MP, UP, Maharashtra

8

TOTAL FOOD GRAINS

UP, Punjab, West Bengal

9

Groundnut

Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh

10

Rapeseed And Mustard

Rajasthan, UP, Haryana

11

Soyabean

Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan

12

Sunflower

Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra

13

TOTAL OIL SEEDS

MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan

14

Sugarcane

UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka

15

Cotton

Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh

16

Jute and Mesta

WB, Bihar, Assam

17

Tea

Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh

18

Coffee

Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu

19

Rubber

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

20

Silk

Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh. In India all 4 varieties of silk are available; Mulberry, tussar, eri and muga. Mulberry is the main variety, while tussar is mainly found in Bihar.

21

Tobacco

Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka

Important Indian Town Rivers

SNo

Town

River

1

Allahabad

At the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna

2

Patna

Ganga

3

Varanasi

Ganga

4

Kanpur

Ganga

5

Hardwar

Ganga

6

Badrinath

Alaknanda

7

Agra

Yamuna

8

Delhi

Yamuna

9

Mathura

Yamuna

10

Ferozpur

Satluj

11

Ludhiana

Satluj

12

Srinagar

Jhelum

13

Lucknow

Gomti

14

Jaunpur

Gomti

15

Ayodhya

Saryu

16

Bareilly

Ram Ganga

17

Ahmedabad

Sabarmati

18

Kota

Chambal

19

Jabalpur

Narmada

20

Panji

Mandavi

21

Ujjain

Kshipra

22

Surat

Tapti

23

Jamshedpur

Swarnarekha

24

Dibrugarh

Brahmaputra

25

Guwahati

Brahmaputra

26

Kolkata

Hooghly

27

Sambalpur

Mahanadi

28

Cuttack

Mahanadi

29

Serirangapatnam

Cauvery

30

Hyderabad

Musi

31

Nasik

Godavari

32

Vijayvada

Krishna

33

Curnool

Tungabhadra

34

Tiruchirapalli

Cauvery

Important National Highways

SNo

National Highways

Connects

1

NH 1

New Delhi - Ambala - Jalandhar - Amritsar.

2

NH 2

Delhi - Mathura - Agra - Kanpur - Allahabad - Varanasi - Kolkata

3

NH 3

Agra - Gwalior - Nasik - Mumbai

4

NH 4

Thane and Chennai via Pune and Belgaun.

5

NH 5

Kolkata - Chennai

6

NH 6

Kolkata - Dhule

7

NH 7

Varanasi - Kanyakumari

8

NH 8

Delhi - Mumbai (Via Jaipur, Baroda and Ahmedabad)

9

NH 9

Mumbai - Vijaywada

10

NH 10

Delhi - Fazilka

Important Rivers India

SNo

Name

Origin From

Falls into

Length (km)

23

Tungabhadra

Western Ghats

Krishna river

640

1

Ganges

Combined Sources

Bay of Bengal

2525

2

Satluj

Mansarovar Rakas Lakes

Chenab

1050

3

Indus

Near Mansarovar Lake

Arabian Sea

2880

4

Ravi

Kullu Hills near Rohtang Pass

Chenab

720

5

Beas

Near Rohtang Pass

Satluj

470

6

Jhelum

Verinag in Kashmir

Chenab

725

7

Yamuna

Yamunotri

Ganga

1375

8

Chambal

M.P.

Yamuna

1050

9

Ghagra

Matsatung Glacier

Ganga

1080

10

Kosi

Near Gosain Dham Peak

Ganga

730

11

Betwa

Vindhyanchal

Yamuna

480

12

Son

Amarkantak

Ganga

780

13

Brahmaputra

Near Mansarovar Lake

Bay of Bengal

2900

14

Narmada

Amarkantak

Gulf of Khambat

1057

15

Tapti

Betul Distt. In M.P.

Gulf of Khambat

724

16

Mahanadi

Raipur Distt. In Chhatisgarh

Bay of Bengal

858

17

Luni

Aravallis

Rann of Kuchchh

450

18

Ghaggar

Himalayas

Near Fatehabad

494

19

Sabarmati

Aravallis

Gulf of Khambat

416

20

Krishna

Western Ghats

Bay of Bengal

0

21

Godavari

Nasik Distt. In Maharashtra

Bay of Bengal

1465

22

Cauvery

Brahmagir Range of Western Ghats

Bay of Bengal

805

Important River Valley Projects

Sno

Project Name

River Name

1

Bhakra Nangal Project

On Sutlaj in Punjab. Highest in India. Ht 226 m. Reservoir is called Gobind Sagar Lake.

2

Mandi Project

On Beas in HP

3

Chambal Valley Project

On Chambal in MP & Rajasthan. 3 dams are there: Gandhi Sagar Dam, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam and Jawahar Sagar Dam.

4

Damodar Valley Project

On Damodar in Bihar. Based on Tennessee Valley Project, USA.

5

Hirakud Project

On Mahanadi in Orissa. World's longest dam: 4801m

6

Rihand Project

On Son in Mirzapur, Reservoir is called Govind Vallabh Pant reservoir.

7

Kosi Project

On Kosi in N.Bihar.

8

Mayurkashi Project

On Mayrukashi in WB.

9

Kakrapara Project

On Tapi in Gujarat.

10

Nizamsagar Project

On Manjra in AP.

11

Nagarjuna Sagar Project

On Krishna in AP

12

Tungabhadra Project

On Tungabhadra in AP & Karnataka

13

Shivasamudram Project

On Cauvery in Karnataka. It is the oldest river valley project of India.

14

Tata Hydel Scheme

On Bhima in Maharashtra

15

Sharavathi Hydel Project

On Jog Falls in Karnataka

16

Kundah & Periyar Project

In TN

17

Farakka Project

On Ganga in WB. Apart from power and irrigation it helps to remove silt for easy navigation.

18

Ukai Project

On Tapti in Gujarat

19

Mahi Project

On Mahi in Gujarat

20

Salal Project

On Chenab in J & K

21

Mata Tila Multipurpose Project

On Betwa in UP & MP

22

Thein Project

On Ravi, Punjab

23

Pong Dam

On Beas, Punjab

24

Tehri Project

On Bhgirathi, Uttaranchal

25

Sardar Sarovar Project

On Narmada, Gujarat/MP.

Lengths of Some Important Indian Rivers

SNo

River

Length (km)

1

Indus

3,000

2

Brahmaputra

2,900

3

Ganga

2,510

4

Godavari

1,450

5

Narmada

1,290

6

Krishna

1,290

7

Mahanadi

890

8

Cauvery

760

Major Ports in India

SNo

Western Coast

Eastern Coast

1

Kandla (Child of partition)

Kolkata - Haldia (riverine port)

2

Mumbai (busiest and biggest)

Paradip (exports raw iron into Japan)

3

Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing)

Vishakhapatnam (deepest port)

4

Marmugao (naval base also)

Chennai (oldest and artificial)

5

Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron-ore)

Ennore (most modern in private hands)

6

Cochin (natural Harbour)

Tuticorin (southernmost)

Mineral Resources of India

1

Coal

West Bengal (Raniganj, Burdwan, Bankura, Purulia, Birbhum, Jalpaigudi, Darjeeling) Jharkhand (Jharia, Giridih, Kharhawadi, Bokaro, Hazaribagh, Karnapura, Rampur, Palamau), Orissa (Rampur, Hindgir, Talcher, Sambhal), Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh (Rewa, Pench valley, Umaria, Korba, Sohagpur, Mand river area, Kanha valley, Betul), etc. Power sector is the largest consumer of coal in India followed by steel industry, cement industry, etc.

2

Manganese

Orissa, Maharashtra (Nagpur, Bhandara, Ratnagiri), Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat, Chhindawara), Karnataka (Keonjhar, Bonai, Kalahandi), Andhra Pradesh (Kadur, Garibadi).

3

Copper

Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat), Rajasthan (Khetri), Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Masobani, Surda), Karnataka (Chitradurg, Hussan)

4

Mica

Jharkhand (Hazaribagh, Giridih, Kodarma, Bihar (Gaya, Bhagalpur), Andhra Pradesh (Guntur, Vizag, Kurnool), Rajasthan (Bhilwara, Udaipur, Jaipur)

5

Petroleum

Assam (Digboi, Naharkatiya, Badarpur, Masinpur and Pallharia), Gujarat (Ankleshwar, Khambat, Kalol), Mumbai High, Bassein (south of Mumbai High), etc. Recently oil has been discovered in Cauvery basin, Krishna and Godawari basin, Kharmbat basin, etc.

6

Oil Refineries

There are 18 refineries in India, 16 in public sector, one in joint sector and one in private sector. Public sector refineries are located at Digboi, Guwahati, Bongaigaon, Barauni, Haldia, Koyali, Mathura, Kochi, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Mumbai (2), Panipat, Narimanam, Numanigarh and Tatipaka. Joint sector refinery is at Mangalore. The private sector refinery of Reliance Limited is at Jamnagar.

7

Iron

India possesses Haematite, a very high-grade iron ore. In Madhya Pradesh (Bailadila, Jabalpur), Goa (North Goa), Karnataka (Bababudan hills, Chikmagalur, Hospet), Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Naomundi), Andhra Pradesh, Orissa India is the fifth largest exporter of Iron ore in the world. Japan is the biggest buyer accounting for about 3/4th of India's total exports. Major ports handling iron ore export are Vishakhapatnam, Paradip, Marmagao and Mangalore.

8

Bauxite

Chief ore for producing aluminium. In Orissa (Kalahandi, Koraput, Sundargarh, Bolangir, Sambalpur), Jharkhand (Lohardaga, Gumla), Madhya Pradesh (Jabalpur, Mandla, Shahdol, Katni, Balaghat), Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu

9

Gold

Karnataka (Kolar, Hutti, Raichur), Andhra Pradesh (Ramgiri and Yeppamanna goldfields in Chittor and Anantapur districts

10

Silver, Zinc and Lead

Rajasthan (Zawar mines near Udaipur), Andhra Pradesh (Mysore, Chitradurg), Karnataka (Kolar mines)

11

Uranium

Jharkhand (Jaduguda), Rajasthan (Ajmer), Andhra Pradesh (Nellore, Nalgonda), Karnataka (Gulbarga)

12

Thorium

Kerala coast (From Monazite sand), rocks of Aravallis in Rajasthan

National Parks and Wild Life Sanctuaries

1

Gir Forests

Home of Asiatic lion. In Gujarat

2

Kaziranga Sanctuary

One horned rhino. In Assam

3

Manas Sanctuary

One horned rhino. In Assam

4

Chandraprabha Sanctuary

II home of Asiatic Lion. In UP

5

Ghana of Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary

In Bharatpur, Rajasthan

6

Dachigam Sanctuary

For Hangul. In Kashmir

7

Corbett National Park

In Uttaranchal. Home of tiger

8

Kanha National Park

In MP

9

Shiv Puri National Park

In MP

10

Hazaribagh National Park

in Jharkhand

11

Periyar Game Sanctuary

In Kerala

12

Dudhwa National Park

In UP

13

Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary

In TN

14

Nokrek National Park

In Meghalaya

15

Sariska Sanctuary

In Rajasthan

16

Ranthambhor National Park

In Rajasthan

17

Namdapha National Park

In Arunachal Pradesh

18

Keibul Lamjo Floating National Park

In Manipur

19

Palamau Tiger Project

In Bihar

20

Simlipal National Park

In Orissa

21

Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary

In Mysore, Karnataka

22

Nagarhole National Park

In Karnataka

23

Mudumalai Sanctuary

In TN

24

Balpakram Sanctuary

In Meghalaya

25

Bandipur Sanctuary

Along the Karnataka - Tamil Nadu border

26

Jaldapara Sanctuary

In West Bengal. For rhinos

27

Wild Ass Sanctuary

In Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. For wild ass.

Principal Rivers of the World

River

Source

Outflow

Length (km)

Nile

Tributaries of Lake Victoria, Africa

Mediterranean Sea

6,690

Amazon

Glacier-fed lakes, Peru

Atlantic Ocean

6,296

Mississippi

Source of Red Rock, Montana

Gulf of Mexico

6,240

Yangtze Kiang

Tibetan Plateau, China

China Sea

5,797

Amur-Argun

Khingan Mts., China

Tatar Strait

5,780

Ob

Altai Mts, CIS

Gulf of Ob

5,567

Yellow (Huang Ho) Mts, west China

Eastern part of Kunlan

Gulf of Chihli

4,667

Yenisei

Tannu-Ola Mts, western

Arctic Ocean

4,506

Parana

Confluence of Paranaiba and Grande rivers

Rio de la Plata

4,498

Irtish

Altai Mts., CIS

Ob River

4,438

Congo

Confluence of Lualaba and Luapula rivers, Zaire

Atlantic Ocean

4,371

Amur

Confluence of Shilka (CIS) Argan (Manchuria) rivers

Tatar Strait

4,352

Lena

Baikal Mts., CIS

Arctic Ocean

4,268

Mackenzie

Head of Finlay river, British Columbia, Canada

Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean)

4,241

Niger

Guinea

Gulf of Guinea

4,184

Mekong

Tibetan highlands

South China Sea

4,023

Mississippi

Lake Itasca, Minnesota

Gulf of Mexico

3,779

Missouri

Confluence of Jefferson, Gallatin and Madison rivers,Montana

Mississippi River

3,726

Volga

Valdai plateau, CIS

Caspian Sea

3,687

Madeira

Confluence of Beni and Maumore rivers, Bolivia-Brazil boundary

Amazon River

3,238

Purus

Peruvian Andes

Amazon River

3,207

San Francisco

Southwest Minas Gerais, Brazil

Atlantic Ocean

3,198

Yukon

Junction of Lewes and Pelly rivers, Yukon Territory, Canada

Bering Sea

3,185

St. Lawrence

Lake Ontario

Gulf of St. Lawrence

3,058

Rio Grande

San Juan Mts, Colorado

Gulf or Mexico

3,034

Tunguska (Lower)

North of Lake Baikal, Russia

Yenesei River

2,995

Brahmaputra

Himalayas

Ganges River

2,897

Indus

Himalayas

Arabian Sea

2,897

Danube

Black Forest, Germany

Black Sea

2,842

Euphrates

Confluence of Murat Nehri and Kara Sun rivers, Turkey

Shatt-al-Arab

2,799

Darling

Central part of Eastern Highlands, Australia

Murray River

2,739

Zambezi

ll021'S, 2422'E, Zambia

Mozambique Channel

2,736

Tocantins

Goias, Brazil

Para River

2,699

Murray

Australian Alps, New South Wales

Indian Ocean

2,589

Nelson

Head of Bow River, western Alberta, Canada

Hudson Bay

2,575

Paraguay

Mato Grosso Plateau, Brazil

Parana River

2,549

Ural

Southern Ural Mts., CIS

Caspian Sea

2,533

Ganges

Himalayas

Bay of Bengal

2,506

Amu Darya (Oxus)

Nicolas Range, Pamir Mts, CIS

Aral Sea

2,414

Japura

Andes, Colombia

Amazon River

2,414

Salween

Tibet, south of Kunlun Mts.

Gulf of Martaban

2,414

Arkansas

Central Colorado Gulf of California

Mississippi River

2,348

Colorado

Grand Country, Colorado

Gulf of California

2,333

Dnieper

Valdai Hills, CIS

Black Sea

2,284

Syr Darya

Tien Shan, China/Kyrgyzstan

Aral Sea

2,206

Ohio-Allegheny

Potter County, Pennsylvania

Mississippi River

2,102

Irrawaddy

Confluence of Nmai and Mali rivers, northeast Mvanmar

Bay of Bengal

2,092

Orange

Lesotho

Atlantic Ocean

2,092

Orinoco

Serra Parima Mts., Venezuela

Atlantic Ocean

2,062

Pilcomayo

Andes Mts., Bolivia

Paraguay River

1,999

Xi Jiang (Si Kiang)

Eastern Yunnan Province, China

China Sea

1,989

Columbia

Columbia Lake, British Columbia,Canada

Pacific Ocean

1,983

Don

Tula, RSFSR, CIS

Sea of Azov

1,968

Sungan

China-North Korea boundary

Amur River

1,955

Saskatchewan

Canadian Rockey Mts.

Lake Winnipeg

1,939

Peace

Stikine Mts., British Columbia, Canada

Great Slave River

1,923

Tigris

Taurus Mts., Turkey

Shatt-al-Arab

1,899

Rhine

Confluence of Hinterrhein and Vorderrhein rivers, Switzerland

North Sea

1,320

Rivers

A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier.

A river may have its source in a spring, lake, from damp, boggy landscapes where the soil is waterlogged, from glacial melt, or from surface runoff of precipitation. Almost all rivers are joined by other rivers and streams termed tributaries the highest of which are known as headwaters. Water may also originate from groundwater sources. Throughout the course of the river, the total volume transported downstream will often be a combination of the free water flow together with a substantial contribution flowing through sub-surface rocks and gravels that underlie the river and its floodplain.

For many rivers in large valleys, this unseen component of flow may greatly exceed the visible flow. From their source, all rivers flow downhill, typically terminating in a sea or in a lake, through a confluence. In arid areas rivers sometimes end by losing water to evaporation. River water may also infiltrate into the soil or pervious rock, where it becomes groundwater.

Excessive abstraction of water for use in industry, irrigation, etc., can also cause a river to dry before reaching its natural terminus.The mouth, or lower end, of a river is known by hydrologists as its base level. The area drained by a river and its canals is called catchment, catchment basin, drainage basin or watershed. The term "watershed" is also used to mean a boundary between catchments, which is also called a water divide, or in some cases, continental divide.

The water in a river is usually confined to a channel, made up of a stream bed between banks. In larger rivers there is also a wider flood-plain shaped by flood-waters over-topping the channel. Flood plains may be very wide in relation to the size of the river channel. This distinction between river channel and flood-plain can be blurred especially in urban areas where the flood-plain of a river channel can become greatly developed by housing and industry.

The river channel itself typically contains a single stream of water but some rivers flow as several interconnecting streams of water, producing a braided river. Extensive braided rivers are found in only a few regions worldwide, such as the South Island of New Zealand. They also occur on peneplains and some of the larger river deltas. Anastomosing rivers are similar to braided rivers. They have multiple sinuous channels carrying large volumes of sediment. Due to the dynamics of this type of system, they are also quite rare.

A river flowing in its channel is a source of considerable energy which acts on the river channel to change its shape and form. In mountainous torrential zones this can be seen as erosion channels through hard rocks and the creation of sands and gravels from the destruction of larger rocks. In U-shaped glaciated valleys, the subsequent river valley can often easily be identified by the V-shaped channel that it has carved.

In the middle reaches where the river may flow over flatter land, loops (meanders) may form through eroding of the river banks and deposition on the inside of bends. Sometimes the river will cut off a loop, shortening the channel and forming an oxbow lake or billabong. Rivers that carry large amounts of sediment may develop conspicuous deltas at their mouths, if conditions permit. Rivers, whose mouths are in saline tidal waters, may form estuaries. River mouths may also be fjords or rias.

Although the following classes are a useful simplified way to visualise rivers, it is important to recognise there are other factors at work here. Gradient is controlled largely by tectonics, but discharge is controlled largely by climate and sediment load is controlled by various factors including climate, geology in the headwaters, and the stream gradient. A river with a steep gradient that has very few tributaries and flows quickly is called a youthful river. Its channels erode deeper rather than wider. A river with a gradient that is less steep than those of youthful rivers and flows more slowly than youthful rivers is called a mature river.

A mature river is fed by many tributaries and has more discharge than a youthful river. Its channels erode wider rather than deeper. A river with a low gradient and low erosive energy is called an old river. Old rivers are characterised by flood plains. A river with a gradient that is raised by tectonic uplift is called a rejuvenated river. Most rivers flow on the surface. However, other rivers may flow underground in caves or caverns. Such rivers can be found in karst regions with limestone geologic formations. An intermittent river (or ephemeral river) only flows occasionally and can be dry for several years at a time. These rivers are found in regions with limited or highly variable rainfall, or can occur due to geologic conditions such as having a highly permeable riverbed.

Man has been using rivers for navigation since the dawn of civilisation. Rivers provide the cheapest means of transport. Rivers have been used by man since the dawn of civilisation as a source of water, for food, for transport, as a defensive barrier, as a source of power to drive machinery, and as a means of disposing of waste. For thousands of years rivers have been used for navigation. Riverine navigation provides the cheapest means of transport and is still used extensively on major rivers of the world .like the Ganges, the Nile, the Mississippi, and the Indus.

In some highly-forested regions like Scandinavia and Canada, lumberjacks use the river to float felled trees downstream to lumber camps for further processing, saving much effort and cost by transporting the huge heavy logs by natural means. Rivers have been a source of food since pre-history. Apart from being a rich source of fish, rivers indirectly aid cultivation by supplying water for the crops. Rivers sustain their own food chain. They are a major source of fresh water, hence, it is no surprise to find most of the major cities of the world situated on the banks of rivers. Rivers also provide an easy (if in sanitary) means of disposing of waste. The rocks and gravel generated and moved by rivers have i been greatly used in construction. In more recent generations, the beauty of rivers and their wider habitats has contributed greatly to tourist income from areas well endowed with attractive riverine scenery.

In upland rivers, rapids with Whitewater or even waterfalls occur. Rapids are often used for recreational purposes. Fast flowing rivers and waterfalls are harnessed as sources of energy, via watermills and hydroelectric plants.

Worlds Geographical Surnames

S.No

Surname

Name

1

Bengal's Sorrow

Damodar River

2

Blue Mountains

Nilgiri Hills

3

City of Sky-scrapers

New York

4

City of Seven Hills

Rome

5

City of Dreaming Spires

Oxford

6

City of Palaces

Kolkata

7

City of Golden Gate

San Francisco

8

City of Magnificent Buildings

Washington D.C.

9

City of Eternal Springs

Quito (S. America)

10

China's Sorrow

Hwang Ho

11

Cockpit of Europe

Belgium

12

Dark Continent

Africa

13

Emerald Isle

Ireland

14

Eternal City

Rome

15

Empire City

New York

16

Forbidden City

Lhasa(Tibet)

17

Garden City

Chicago

18

Gate of Tears

Strait of Bab-el_Mandeb

19

Gate of the Nile

Egypt

20

Granite City

Aberdeen (Scotland)

21

Hermit Kingdom

Korea

22

Key to the Mediterranean

Gibralter

23

Land of Cakes

Scotland

24

Land of Golden Fleece

Australia

25

Land of Maple Leaf

Canada

26

Land of Morning Calm

Korea

27

Land of Midnight Sun

Norway

28

Land of the Thousand Lakes

Finland

29

Land of the Thunderbolt

Bhutan

30

Land of White Elephant

Thailand

31

Land of Five Years

Punjab

32

Land of Thousand Elephants

Laos

33

Land of Rising Sun

Japan

34

Loneliest Island

Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic)

35

Manchester of Japan

Osaka

36

Pillars of Hercules

Strait of Gibraltar

37

Pearl of the Antilles

Cuba

38

Playground of Europe

Switzerland

39

Quaker City

Philadelphia

40

Queen of the Adriatic

Venice

41

Roof of the World

The Pamirs, Central Asia

42

Rose Pink City

Jaipur

43

Sugar bowl of the world

Cuba

44

Herring Pond

Atlantic Ocean

45

Holy Land

Jerusalem

46

Island Continent

Australia

47

Island of Cloves

Zanzibar

48

Isle of Pearls

Bahrein (Persian Gulf)

49

Venice of the North

Stockholm

50

Windy City

Chicago

51

Whiteman's grave

Guinea Coast of Africa

52

Yellow River

Huang Ho (China)

Big Oceans and Seas of the World (Seas)

Name

Area (Sq.km)

Average Depth

South China Sea

2,974,600

5,514

Malay

81,43,100

1,200

Caribbean

27,53,170

7,492

Mediterranean

25,03,900

4,846

Bering

22,68,200

5,121

Gulf of Mexico

15,43,000

4,377

Sea of Okhotsk

15,27,000

3,475

East China Sea

12,49,000

2,999

Hudson Bay

12,32,200

259

Sea of Japan

10,07,700

3,743

Andaman Sea

7,97,600

865

North Sea

5,75,300

661

Black Sea

4,62,000

2,243

Red Sea

4,37,000

2,246

Baltic

4,22,300

439

Gulf of St Lawrence

2,37,760

120

Gulf of California

1,62,000

810

Big Oceans and Seas of the World (Oceans)

Name

Area (Sq.Km)

Greatest known depth in feet

Place of greatest known depth

Pacific

16,52,40,000

35,410

Off Mindanao

Atlantic

8,23,60,000

30,143

Puerto Rico Trench

Indian

7,35,50,000

22,968

Off Sunda Trench

Arctic

1,39,80,000

17,850

Sumatra-Jawa

Mediterranean

1,142,000

14,435

Matapan

Biggest Highest Largest Longest in the World

Animal, Tallest

Giraffe

Archipelago Largest

Indonesia

Bird, Fastest

Swift

Bird, Largest

Ostrich

Bird, Smallest

Humming Bird

Bridge, Longest Railway

Huey P.Long Bridge, Louisiana (U.S.A.)

Building, Tallest in the world

Teipei 101, Taiwan

Canal, Longest Irrigational

The Kalakumsky canal

Canal, Longest

Suez canal

Capital, Highest

La Paz (Bolivia)

City, Biggest in area

Mount Isa (Australia)

City, Largest in population

Tokyo

City, Costliest

Tokyo

City, Highest

Van Chuan (China)

Continent, Largest

Asia

Continent, Smallest

Australia

Country, Biggest (Area)

Russia

Country, Largest (population)

China

Country, Largest (electorate)

India

Creature, Largest

Blue Whale

Delta, Largest

Sunderban (Bangladesh & India)

Desert, Largest (World)

Sahara (Africa)

Desert, Largest (Asia)

Gobi

Dam, Largest

Grand Coulee Dam (U.S.A.)

Dam, Highest

Hoover Dam (U.S.A.)

Diamond, Largest

The Cullinan

Dome, Largest

Astrodome, in Housten (U.S.A.)

Epic, Largest

Mahabharat

Irrigation Scheme, Largest

Lloyd Barrage, Sukkhur (Pakistan)

Island, Largest

Greenland

Sea, Largest

Mediterranean Sea

Lake, Deepest

Baikal (Siberia)

Lake, Largest (Artificial)

Lake Mead (Boulder Dam)

Lake, Highest

Titicaca (Bolivia)

Lake, Largest (Fresh Water)

Superior

Lake, Largest (Salt water)

Caspian

Library, Largest

United States Library of Congress, Washington D.C.

Mountain Peak, Highest

Everest (Nepal)

Mountain Range, Longest

Andes (S. America)

Museum, Largest

British Museum, London

Ocean, Largest

Pacific

Palace, Biggest

Vatican (Italy)

Park, Largest

Yellow Stone National Park (U.S.A.)

Peninsula, Largest

Arabia

Place, Coldest (Habitated)

Verkhoyansk (Siberia)

Place, Dryest

Iqique (in Atacama Desert, Chile)

Place, Hottest

Azizia (Libya, Africa)

Place, Rainiest

Mausinram (Meghalaya, India)

Planet, Biggest

Jupiter

Planet, Brightest

Venus

Planet, Smallest

Pluto

Plateau, Highest

Pamir (Tibet)

Platform, Longest

Kharagpur (India)

Railway, Longest

Trans-Siberian railway

Railway Station, Largest

Grand Central Terminal, Chicago (U.S.A.)

River, Longest

Nile (Africa)

River, Largest

Amazon (S. America)

Sea-bird, Largest

Albatross

Star, Brightest

Sirius

Statue, Tallest

Statue of Motherland, Volgagrad (Russia)

Telescope, Largest Radio

New Mexico (U.S.A.)

Tramway, World's first

New York

Tunnel, Longest (Railway)

Tanna (Japan)

Tunnel, Longest (road)

Mont Blanc Tunnel between France and Italy

Volcano, Highest

Ojos del Salado (Andes, Ecuador)

Volcano, Most Active

Maunaloa (Hawaii - U.S.A.)

Wall, Longest

Great Wall of China

Waterfall, Highest

Angel (Venezuela)

Water, Lowest Body

Dead Sea

Zoo, Largest

Kruger National Park, South Africa

Worlds Highest Mountain Peaks

Country

Peaks

Height in metre

Asia

Everest (Himalaya-Nepal/Tibet)

8,848

Asia

Godwin Austen (Karakoram-India)

8,611

Asia

Kanchenjunga (Himalaya India / Nepal)

8,598

Asia

Lhotse (Himalaya-Nepal-China)

8,501

Asia

Makalu (Himalaya-Nepal)

8,470

Asia

Dhaulagiri (Himalaya-Nepal)

8,172

Asia

Nanga Parvat (Himalaya-Nepal)

8,126

Asia

Gasherbrum (Karakoram-Tibet)

8,068

Asia

Gosainthan (Himalaya-Tibet)

8,013

Asia

Nanda Devi (Himalaya-India)

7,817

South America

Aconcagua (Andes-Argentina)

6,960

North America

McKinley (Alaska-USA)

6,194

Africa

Kilimanjaro (Solitary-Tanzania)

5,888

Europe

Elborus (Caucasus-CIS)

5,633

Europe

Mont Blanc (Alp-France)

4,810

Antartica

Vinson Massif

5,139

Oceania

Caestensz (Nassau Range-New Guinea)

5,000

World Physical Facts Important LocalWinds

1

Chinook

Hot, dry wind in Rockies, also called 'snow eater'.

2

Foehn

Hot, dry wind in the Alps

3

Khamsin

Hot, dry wind in Egypt.

4

Sirocco

Hot, moist wind from Sahara to Mediterranean Sea

5

Solano

Hot, moist wind from Sahara towards Iberian Peninsula

6

Harmattan

Hot, dry wind blowing outwards from the interior of W.Africa, also called Guinea Doctor.

7

Bora

Cold, dry wind blowing outwards from Hungary to the north of Italy (near Adriatic Sea).

8

Mistral

Very cold wind, which blows from the Alps over France

9

Punas

Cold, dry wind blowing down towards the western side of Andes.

10

Blizzard

Very cold winds in Tundra region

11

Purga

Cold wind in Russian tundra

12

Levanter

Cold wind in Spain

13

Norwester

Hot wind in New Zealand

14

Santa Ana

Hot wind in S. California in USA.

Towns on Rivers in Other Countries

Country

River

Akyab

Kaladan

Antwerp

Scheldt

Baghdad

Tigris

Bangkok

Chao Praya

Basra

Shatt-al-arab

Belgrade

Danube

Berlin

Spree

Bonn

Rhine

Bristol

Avon

Brussels

Seine

Budapest

Danube

Buenos Aires

La Plater

Cairo

Nile

Canton

Chu-Kiang

Chittagong

Karnafuli

Chungking

Yangtze-Kiang

Cologne

Rhine

Dublin

Liffey

Dresden

Elbe

Dundee

Tay

Gdansk

Vistula

Glasgow

Clyde

Hamburg

Elbe

Hankow

Yangtze

Hull

Humber

Kabul

Kabul

Karachi

Sindh

Khartoum

Nile

Lahore

Ravi

Leh

Indus

Lisbon

Tagus

Liverpool

Mersey

London

Thames

Madrid

Manzaneres

Montreal

St.Lawrence

Moscow

Moskva

Moulmein

Salween

Nanking

Yangtze-Kiang

New Castle

Tyne

New Orleans

Mmississippi

New York

Hudson

Ottawa

St.Lawrence

Philadelphia

Delaware

Prague

Vitava

Paris

Siene

Quebec

St.Lawrence

Rangoon

Irrawadi

Rome

Tiber

Rotterdam

New Maas

Shanghai

Yangtze

St.Louis

Mississippi

Sydney

Darling

Tokyo

Arakawa

Vienna

Danube

Warsaw

Vistuala

Washington

Polomec

Rivers, Lakes and Waterfalls

Rivers, Lakes and Waterfalls

River is a large stream of fresh water flowing downhill within a channel to enter another river, lake or sea.

Worlds Largest River is South Americas Amazon, which flows into the South Atlantic. It is so regarded in view of the size and the volume of water it discharges into the sea.

Worlds Longest River is Nile Egypt, which flows in to the Mediterranean Sea. It extends to 6,690 km.

Levee refers to the river bank formed by the accumulation of slit during flood or the embankment built by man.

Estuary is the tidal mouth of a river where the salt water of the tide meets the fresh water of the river current.

Delta is a triangular tract of land formed by the accumulation of silt at the rivers mouth near the sea. It is so called because of its resemblance to the better (delta0 of the Greek alphabet.

Worlds Largest Delta is the Sunderbans Delta which is created in Bay of Bengal by the Ganges and Brahmaputra in West Bengal in India and Bangladesh. It covers an area of 75,000 sq km.

Meander is a curve in the course of a river which continuously swings from side to side in wide loops, as it progresses across the flat country. The term meander is derived from the name of river Meander of Asia Minor.

George or Canyon is a rock-walled, steep-sided, deep narrow but of considerable size bounded by steep slopes is called canyon. The Grand Canyon of Colorado river in the USA, which has a depth of 1,615 metres, is the longest canyon in theworld.