haddad on the 2008 us elections: what do they mean for development?
TRANSCRIPT
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The US Elections: Impacts on
International Development
Lawrence Haddad
Institute of Development Studies
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Outline
Why does America matter for development?
The current US commitment to development
Candidates foreign policy framings What the candidates say
What others say
Will the election make a difference?
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Why does America matter for
Development? American sneezes and global contagion
The war on terror $, &
Multilaterialism and absent Gorillas
Control of World Bank still strong
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US: commitment to developmentaid, trade, investment, migration, environment, security, technology
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UK/US comparison
US
Strengths
Trade
Investment in poorer
countries
Weaknesses Aid
Environment
Arms exports
Improvement since2003 + 0.3 points
UK
Strengths
Investment in poorer
countries
Environment
Weaknesses Migration
Arms exports
Improvement since
2003 + 0.3 points
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McCain
Generations of service inArmed Forces
Hanoi Hilton Senate energy independence campaign finance reform reductions in pork-barrel
spending
Obama
Father, Kenyan (Luo) Lived in Indonesia as
young boy Mother worked in FordFoundation
Community organiser in
Chicago Senate
Not many clues
Backgrounds of the Candidates
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McCain: An Enduring Peace Built
on Freedom Winning the war on terror Defending the homeland Uniting the worlds
democracies Revitalising the transatlantic
partnership Shaping the Asia-Pacific
Century
Building a hemisphere ofpeace and prosperity
Aiding an AfricanRenaissance
Preventing Nuclear
Proliferation
Obama: Renewing American
Leadership Common Security for our
Common Humanity Moving Beyond Iraq Revitalising the Military Halting the Spread of Nuclear
Weapons Combating Global Terrorism Rebuilding our Partnerships
Building Just, Secure,Democratic Societies
Restoring Americas Trust
Foreign Policy Agendas: The Articles in Foreign Affairs
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What do the articles reveal?
McCain
More the Idealist school US security & prosperity
depends on outcome ofstruggles--internationalterrorism at heart--between
Future and Past, Progress andReaction, Liberty and Despotism
Exceptionalism & Leadership Next president has a mandate to
build an enduring global peaceon foundations of freedom,opportunity, prosperity and hope
Ready to show America andthe world that this countrysbest days are yet to come
Obama
More the Realist school Military strength plus
Four Freedoms & FDR
Marshall Plan & Truman
Peace Corps & JFK
Cooperation &Interconnectedness Neither retreat from nor bully the
world into submission
Security and well being ofAmericans depends on security
and well being of those who livebeyond our borders
We can be this America again To welcome American help
To want to come to America Pictures of JFK on living room
walls
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What do they say about development?McCain Obama
General I would enable entrepreneurs,exporters to increase access tointernational markets
I would press nations on the criticalimportance on good governance
I'll make the MillenniumDevelopment Goals American policy
I'll double annual foreign assistancefrom $25b to $50b by 2012
Educat-ion With a decent education, you canfree yourself from the threat ofpoverty
By 2010 I will invest at least $2billion in a Global Education Fund.
Water Recent U.S commitment to a public-private partnership to deliver cleanwater to 10 million Africans by 2010
-- example of how the U.S.can helpbring basic necessities to needypopulations
Through increased funding of up to$1.3b annually and innovativeprograms like 'play pumps,' I will
expand access to clean water andsanitation.
Health The key to eradicating manydiseases in poorer countries isthrough more accessible
preventative health care, particularlyrenatal and child care.
I will increase funding for child andmaternal health and ensure thatincreases in other important areas -
including HIV/AIDS is not at theex ense of those ro rams.
www.one.org
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VP Debate, October 2, 2008
IFILL: I want to get -- try to get you both to answer a questionthat neither of your principals quite answered when my
colleague, Jim Lehrer, asked it last week, starting with you,
Senator Biden. What promises -- given the events of the
week, the bailout plan, all of this, what promises have you
and your campaigns made to the American people that you're
not going to be able to keep?
BIDEN: Well, the one thing we might have to slow down is a
commitment we made to double foreign assistance. We'llprobably have to slow that down.
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Colin Powell endorses Obama, October 19, 2008
MR. BROKAW: What's not on the screen right now that
concerns you that should be more prominent in the minds ofthe American people and the people running for president?
GEN. POWELL: .also we have to do a lot more with respect
to poverty alleviation and helping the needy people of theworld. We need to increase the amount of resources we put
into our development programs to help the rest of the
world. Because when you help the poorest in the world, you
start to move them up an economic and social ladder, and
they're not going to be moving toward violence or terrorism
of the kind that we worry about.
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AfricaMcCain
AGOA
MCC/MCA
PEPFAR
Democracy
Reduce US Farm subsidies
AFRICOM
Obama Add Value to Agriculture
Initiative
Engage Chinese on rules ofthe road on investment in
Africa GEE, GEF
Stick with AGOA, PEPFAR,MCA
More on judiciary, parliament,enterprise
www.africa.com
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Climate change
McCain
as Senator
Vocal advocate of cap and
trade
as candidate
Dropped from speeches
Drill baby drill
Obamaas Senator
Support cap and trade, but
not outspoken
as candidate
Strong advocate, green
technologies, employment
Advocate of US cap and
trade
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TradeMcCain
A free trader to his
fingertips Irwin Stelzer,
Sunday Times
Obama
Statements on unilateral
renegotiation of NAFTA
Union support, Democratic
Congress I believe in free trade.but
not that any trade
agreement is a good
agreement (3rd debate)
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McCain will Expand AGOA
Not reform Bretton Woods
Not double aid
Not do much on climate change
Be more interventionist in
humanitarian disaster
Use MCA
Obama will Not be energetic on Doha Be energetic on Climate deal, but
then lose interest and focus ongreen jobs
Not double aid, although it willincrease
Improve Americas image
overseas Try to reform Bretton-Woods
Things they will do & more things they should
They should Reform USAID & double the Peace Corps
Lead on post-Kyoto & make trade agreements work politically
Double aid & make the MCA work better
Reduce US farm subsidies & focus on African agriculture
Improve accountability you are the change you have been waiting for
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Will the election make a difference to
development? Yes, because..
It mark the end of an extreme kind of
unipolar/unilateral conservatism
We are entering a phase where people in theUS are looking more to government good
and bad for development
It reinforces the power of democracy tocorrect mistakes