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nv`x‡Qi cÖ vgvwYKZv gy nv¤§v` Avmv`y j- vn Avj-Mvwje nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k

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nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv

gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje

nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k

2 2 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv

cÖKvkK nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k KvRjv, ivRkvnx-6204 nv.dv.ev. cÖKvkbv-20

†dvb I d¨v· : 0721-861365

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1g cÖKvk

1425 wnt/1410 evs/2004 Bs

2q ms¯‹iY 1433 wnt/1418 evs/2012 Bs

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gy ªY D`qb Ad‡mU wcÖw›Us †cÖm, ivRkvnx

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nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb Kw¤úDUvm©

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HADEESER PRAMANIKATA by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib, Professor, Department of Arabic, University of Rajshahi. Published by : HADEETH FOUNDATION BANGLADESH, Kajla, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Ph & Fax : 88-0721-861365.

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 3 3

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welq c„ôv bs 1. nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 4 2. nv`xQ-Gi ¸i“Z¡ 6 3. AatcZ‡bi KviY 13 4. QvnvexM‡Yi f~wgKv 15 5. cÖvPxb hy‡Mi nv`xQ A¯xKviKvixMY 17 6. AvaywbK hy‡M nv`xQ A¯xKviKvixMY 18 7. wgmixq ¯‹zj 20 8. fviZxq ¯‹zj 27 9. nv`xQ we‡ivax‡`i Awf‡hvMmg~n 32 10. nv`xQ we‡ivax‡`i hyw³mg~n 33 11. Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xQ we‡ivax msMVb mg~n 37 12. Avn‡jnv`xQ msMVbmg~‡ni cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb 38 13. nv`x‡Q m‡›`nev`x‡`i K‡qKRb 39 14. Ônv`xQÕ m¤ú‡K© gIjvbv gI ~ xi AvK¡x`v 43 15. ÔhvbœxÕ-Gi e¨vL¨v 50 16. hy‡M hy‡M nv`xQ A¯xKviKvixMY 55 17. gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` hvKvwiqv 47 18. ZvejxMx‡`i AjxK Kvwnbxmg~‡ni wKQz bgybv 62 19. wPj−v cÖ_v 67 20. nv`xQ cwieZ©‡b gvhnvex Av‡jgMY 69 21. Ki‡Rv‡o wb‡e`b 77

Avmyb! cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K Rxeb Mwo

4 4 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv ������ ���� � ���

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv

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Abyev` : Avey iv‡dÔ (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn Qvj−vj−vû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvj−vg Gikv` K‡ib, ÔAvwg †hb †Zvgv‡`i KvD‡K Giƒc bv †`wL †h, †m Zvi M`x‡Z †Vm w`‡q e‡m _vK‡e, Avi Zvi Kv‡Q Avgvi †Kvb Av‡`k ev wb‡lavÁv †cuŠQ‡j †m ej‡e †h, Avwg Gme wKQz Rvwbbv| hv Avj−vn&i wKZv‡e cve, ZviB Avgiv AbymiY KieÕ|1

nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨v :

Dc‡iv³ nv`x‡Q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi GKwU fwel¨ØvYx wea„Z n‡q‡Q †h, gymjgvb‡`i ga¨Kvi GK`j †jvK nv`xQ‡K AMÖvn¨ Ki‡e Ges wb‡R‡`i‡K ïay KziAv‡bi Abymvix e‡j `vex Ki‡e| Gi Aš—wb©wnZ KviYI D³ nv`x‡Q Bw½‡Z e‡j †`Iqv n‡q‡Q †h, Hme †jv‡Kiv n‡e wejvmx I ywbqv`vi| Giv nv`x‡Q ewY©Z Bmjv‡gi we —vwiZ Av‡`k I wb‡lavejxi cve›`x nÕ‡Z wb‡R‡`i‡K gy³ K‡i wbR wbR †¯”QvPvwiZv envj ivLvi Rb¨ KziAv‡bi Abymvix nIqvi `vex Ki‡e| KviY KziAv‡b g~j welq¸wjB gvÎ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, e¨vL¨v Av‡mwb| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ¯xq K_v, Kg© I m¤§wZg~jK AvPi‡Yi gva¨‡g KziAv‡bi we —vwiZ e¨vL¨v I ev —e bgybv †ck K‡i †M‡Qb| GgbwK KziAv‡b ewY©Z nqwb, Ggb A‡bK welq ivm~j (Qv&t) KZ©„K wb‡ ©wkZ n‡q‡Q, hv D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ Aek¨ cvjbxq| †Kbbv KziAv‡b Avj−vn wb‡RB e‡j‡Qb, 1. Avngv`, Avey vE`, wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn, evqnvK¡x; mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ, Avjevbx nv/162; H, e½vbyev` nv/154 ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq, ÔwKZve I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 5 5

��/�$ ���)��1I �����&��� �@$�E�J�� ��/�$ ��)��9�: �# ;�� ���9�. :��� D) �LM�N(H ÔAvgvi ivm~j †Zvgv‡`i wbK‡U hv wb‡q Av‡mb, Zv MÖnY Ki Ges hv wb‡la K‡ib, Zv †_‡K weiZ _vKÕ (nvki 59/7)|

A_P D³ †jvK¸wj gy‡L I Kj‡g ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi cÖksmvMxwZ MvB‡jI Zuvi Av‡`k-wb‡la †_‡K wb‡R‡`i‡K gy³ ivLvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †Pvivc_ Zvjvk K‡i| Avi †mKvi‡Y Zviv nv`xQ‡K cÖKv‡k¨ A_ev c‡iv‡¶ AMÖvn¨ Kivi †Póv K‡i|

wØZxqZt KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v hw` nv`x‡Q bv AvmZ, ZvnÕ‡j GB me cwÊZ †jvK¸wj KziAv‡bi B”QvgZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cviZ, †hfv‡e Bû`x-bvQviv cwʇZiv ZvIivZ-BÄx‡ji K‡i‡Q| Zviv †Kej Ace¨vL¨vB K‡iwb eis g~j ZvIivZ-BÄx‡ji g‡a¨ kã I evK¨ ms‡hvRb I we‡qvRb K‡i D³ Gjvnx MÖš’Øq‡K ywbqv †_‡K we`vq K‡i w`‡q‡Q| d‡j Bû`x-bvQvivMY g~j ZvIivZ-BÄxj †_‡K ewÂZ n‡q Zv‡`i ag©hvRK‡`i cvqiex Ki‡Q| Bmjvg‡KI hv‡Z Abyiƒc Ae ’vq wb‡q hvIqv hvq, †mRb¨ ÔAv‡jgÕ bvgavix ¯v_© yó wKQz ywbqv`vi †jvK nv`xQ‡K Zv‡`i †¯”QvPvwiZvi c‡_ cÖavb Aš—ivq we‡ePbv K‡i nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× loh‡š¿ †g‡Z D‡V| Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g hyM †_‡KB G lohš¿ P‡j Avm‡Q, hv AvRI Ae¨vnZ Av‡Q| GB loh‡š¿i aiY I c×wZ wewfbœ hy‡M wewfbœ iƒc n‡q‡Q| Gi wei“‡× cªwZ‡ivag~jK I cªPvig~jK Av‡›`vjb QvnvevhyM †_‡K GhveZ Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q, hv BwZnv‡m ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjbÕ bv‡g cwiwPwZ|

ywbqvq †cÖwiZ 1 j¶ 24 nvhvi cqMv¤i I Zb¥a¨Kvi 315 Rb ivm~‡ji Kvi“iB c~Y©v½ Rxebx I Zuv‡`i K_v, Kg© I m¤§wZg~jK AvPiYmg~n myiw¶Z †bB GKgvÎ gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi e¨ZxZ| KviY wZwb nÕ‡jb †klbex, wek¦bex I c~Y©v½ Øx‡bi ev —e iƒcKvi| g~jZt Bmjv‡gi c~Y©v½Zv I KziAv‡bi me©hyMxq mgvavb nIqv wbf©i Ki‡Q nv`x‡Qi we`¨gvbZv I weï×Zvi Dc‡i | Avi †mKviY Avj−vn Zuvi †cÖwiZ Awn-i †ndvh‡Zi `vwqZ¡ wbR nv‡Z wb‡q‡Qb (wnR&i 15/9)| hv wZwb Ab¨vb¨ Gjvnx wKZv‡ei Rb¨ †bbwb| KziAvb I nv`xQ yÕwUB

6 6 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Avj−vn&i ÔAwnÕ Ges yÕwUB Avgiv GKB bexi gyL w`‡q ï‡bwQ| AZGe

yÕwUB Aåvš— Ges yÕwUiB †ndvh‡Zi `vwqZ¡ †Lv` Avj−vn MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K Zuvi wKQz evQvBK…Z ev›`v wK¡qvgZ ch©š— hy‡M hy‡M Gi †ndvhZ, †L`gZ, AbymiY I ev —evq‡b RxebcvZ K‡i hv‡eb, GUvB Zuvi cÖKvk¨ Iqv`v (evK¡vivn 2/105)| Avj−vn Avgv‡`i‡K D³ `‡ji Aš—fy©³ Ki“b-Avgxb|

nv`xQ-Gi ¸i“Z¡ )����� ��8�(

1. Ônv`xQÕ mivmwi Avj−vn&i ÔAwnÕ| KyiAvb ÔAwn‡q gvZ&jyÕ hv †ZjvIqvZ Kiv nq| wKš‘ nv`xQ ÔAwn‡q Mv‡qi gvZ&jyÕ hv †ZjvIqvZ Kiv nq bv| †hgb-

(K) Avj−vn e‡jb, ��/�$ �P�Q ;�0 ���� 5���9(��D (R�S ���T %�S UV ��$ �����0 Ôivm~j Zuvi B”QvgZ wKQz e‡jb bv| †KejgvÎ AZUzKz e‡jb, hZUzKz Zuvi wbK‡U ÔAwnÕ Kiv nqÕ (bvRg 53/3-4)|

(L) wZwb Ab¨Î e‡jb,

���W :���$ "� �X ��!�� �?��.�-(�� �Y�6(-�Z(���$ �X�6 !���$ ��/ ��� ��-�1 ���! A�1 �R��)�$ �[ \�� �� �X ��!�� �]6�� ��H ÔAvj−vn Avcbvi Dc‡i bvwhj K‡i‡Qb wKZve I wnKgZ

(mybœvn) Ges Avcbv‡K wkwL‡q‡Qb, hv Avcwb Rvb‡Zb bv| Avcbvi Dc‡i Avj−vn&i AbyMÖn AcwimxgÕ (wbmv 4/113)|

(M) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb,

�%�� �F:�S �8��1$�� (���RI ��< �#�!(_�/�$ �#�A�/ D�%�� �X� ��0 a[�>�� �R��A B� ��!�� �#�.�-0���� ����<�0 ��- ��!�� ��E�9�� �RI ��<(�� ��6�� ��1 *�>�$ ���#� ��/ ���b�� �@�c!���2�� ��/�$ ��1 *�>�$ �#��� ��/ �d����� �@��/F��Z�� �$�S R �/� ���d&� ���� ��� �� �)�6� �d&��� "� ...�=C�= ��� @�$�

GfE/�.��$H

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 7 7

Ô†R‡b iv‡Lv! Avwg KziAvb cÖvß n‡qwQ I Zvi b¨vq Av‡iKwU e ‘| mveavb! Ggb GKwU mgq Avm‡Q hLb wejvmx gvbyl Zvi Mw`‡Z e‡m ej‡e, †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ G KziAvbB h‡_ó| †mLv‡b hv nvjvj cv‡e, Zv‡KB nvjvj Rvb‡e Ges †mLv‡b hv nvivg cv‡e, Zv‡KB nvivg Rvb‡e| A_P Avj−vn&i ivm~j hv nvivg K‡i‡Qb Zv Avj−vn KZ…©K nvivg Kivi AbyiƒcÕ|2 GLv‡b ÔKziAvbÕ nÕj ÔcÖKvk¨ AwnÕ Ges Zvi b¨vq Av‡iKwU e ‘ nÕj Ônv`xQÕ hv ÔAcÖKvk¨ AwnÕ|3 (N) wReªxj (Avt) mivmwi †b‡g G†m gvby‡li †e‡k ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi gRwj‡m e‡m ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mv‡_ cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Bmjvg, Cgvb, Bnmvb cÖf„wZ welq wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb|4 2. nv`xQ nÕj KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v ¯iƒc| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

��;(��W :���$ �X ����S ��()gE�� ��F��B�.�� �h�&;!�� ��/ ��FW�: ��9 ����S ��9 !�A���$ $�� -�'�.�0�R H ÔAvgiv Avcbvi wbK‡U ÔwhK&iÕ bvwhj K‡iwQ, hv‡Z Avcwb †jvK‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ bvwhjK…Z welq¸wj Zv‡`i wbK‡U e vL v K‡i †`b Ges hv‡Z Zviv wPš—v-M‡elYv K‡iÕ (bvn&j 16/44)|

3. nv`x‡Qi AbymiY e¨ZxZ †KD gywgb nÕ‡Z cv‡i bv| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

�b�� �XF����$ �% �R��;�/ i�0 �&.�� �j��6g-�Z�0 ��6��� ���k� ��9�; ��� &��l �% �$�*�k�0 V�� ��9���' :�� �]>���� �&6�/ �8 ��\�� ���6g!���0�$ �! ��1�]6�H) m��;��no(H

ÔAvcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki kc_! Zviv KL‡bvB gywgb nÕ‡Z cvi‡e bv, hZ¶Y bv Zviv Zv‡`i weev`xq welqmg~‡n Avcbv‡KB GKgvÎ mgvavbKvix wnmv‡e MÖnY Ki‡e| AZtci Avcbvi †`Iqv dvqQvjv m¤ú‡K© Zviv Zv‡`i g‡b †Kvbiƒc wØav-ms‡KvP †cvlY bv Ki‡e Ges AebZwP‡Ë Zv MÖnY bv Ki‡eÕ (wbmv 4/65)|

2. Avey vE`, wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/163| 3. W. gynv¤§v` Avey kvnevn, w`dvÔ ÔAvwbm mybœvn (Kvq‡iv : gvKZvevZzm mybœvn 1409/1989) c„: 15| 4. nv`x‡Q wReªxj, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/2|

8 8 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 4. nv`x‡Qi we‡ivwaZv Kivi †Kvb GLwZqvi gywg‡bi †bB| †hgb

Avj−vn e‡jb,

��/�$ �R��) ���/ i�6�� �%�$ �Y�;�/ i�/ ��p�S ��\�� "� �#��������$ �]� /�� (R�� �R��-�0 ���9�� �q�����J(�� ��/ ��T�� /�� ��/�$ �r A�0 3� �#��������$ *�<�� [�s +%�b�s �];��B�/ H) ?�W�4�tn(H

Ô‡Kvb gywgb cyi“l I bvixi c‡¶ Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji †`Iqv dvqQvjvi e¨vcv‡i (wfbœgZ †cvl‡Yi) †Kvbiƒc GLwZqvi †bB| †h e¨w³ Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji bvdigvbx Kij, †m ¯úó åvwš—i g‡a¨ wbcwZZ nÕjÕ (Avnhve 33/36)| 5. nv`xQ †g‡b †bIqv D¤§‡Zi Dc‡i Acwinvh©| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

��/�$ ���)��1I �����&��� �@$�E�J�� ��/�$ ��)��9�: �# ;�� ���9�. :���D ÔAvgvi ivm~j †Zvgv‡`i‡K hv cÖ vb K‡ib, Zv MÖnY Ki Ges hv wb‡la K‡ib, Zv †_‡K weiZ _vKÕ (nvki 59/7)| 6. nv`xQ Abymi‡Yi g‡a¨B Avj−vn&i mš‘wó wbwnZ| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

([�� (R�S ��. ;�) �R�GB�Z�1 3� V�:��A�B&1��� ���- B�B Z�0 "� ��' u�0�$ ��-�� ��-����:�p "��$ U���'�v U������H) R��6� �Itw(H

ÔAvcwb e‡j w`b, hw` †Zvgiv Avj−vn‡K fvj‡e‡m _vK, Z‡e Avgvi AbymiY Ki| ZvnÕ‡j wZwb †Zvgv‡`i‡K fvjevm‡eb Ges †Zvgv‡`i †Mvbvn mg~n ¶gv Ki‡eb| Avj−vn eoB ¶gvkxj I `qvgqÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/31)| AÎ Avqv‡Z GK_v ¯úó †h, Avj−vni fv‡jvevmvi mv‡_ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi AvbyMZ¨ I AbymiY kZ©hy³| AZGe nv`x‡Qi AbymiY e¨ZxZ Avj−vn&i mš‘wó jvf m¤¢e bq| 7. nv`x‡Qi we‡ivwaZv Kiv Kzdix| †hw`‡K Cw½Z K‡i Avj−vn e‡jb,

([�� ���A��x�� 3� �����&����$ (R�y�� � � ����1 R�y�� 3� �% Gz�Z�0 ��0������-(��H ÔAvcwb e‡j w`b †h, †Zvgiv AvbyMZ¨ Ki Avj−vn I ivm~‡ji| hw` Zviv G †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †bq, ZvnÕ‡j (Zviv †R‡b ivLyK †h,) Avj−vn KL‡bvB Kv‡di‡`i fvjev‡mb bvÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/32)|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 9 9

8. weev`xq wel‡q wKZve I mybœvn&i w`‡KB wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e, Ab¨w`‡K

bq| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, (R�y�� ��. ��{��;�1 V�� �m V� �@$G=���� ����S �� �����&����$ (R�S ��. ;�) �R��;�/ i�1 ���� �d ���(���$ ���|}(�� �X���p U� ��| ���� ����$ +b0�$(2�1H) m��;��

o~(H Ôhw` †Zvgiv †Kvb wel‡q SMov Ki, ZvnÕ‡j †Zvgiv welqwU‡K Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji w`‡K wdwi‡q `vI| †mUvB n‡e DËg I cwiYv‡gi w`K w`‡q my›`iZgÕ (wbmv 4/59)|

9. nv`x‡Qi AbymiY A_© Avj−vn&i AbymiY| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

��/ G0���Q ���&����� *�<�� ����x�� 3� ��/�$ � ����1 ��6�� �j��;(!�� ��� ��9 ��!�� ��'���+ H Ô†h e¨w³ ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Kij, †m Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Kij, Avi †h e¨w³ gyL wdwi‡q wbj, Avgiv Zv‡`i Dc‡i Avcbv‡K cvnviv`vi wnmv‡e †cÖiY KwiwbÕ (wbmv 4/80)|

10. nv`x‡Qi we‡ivwaZvq Rvnvbœvg AeavwiZ| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

��/�$ �0�r A 3� �#��������$ R�y�� �#�� ����: ��&;�9�> ��0�*����| ��9��� �]*����) ����t( H ÔAvi †h e¨w³ Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji bvdigvbx Kij, Zvi Rb¨ Rvnvbœvg wba©vwiZ nÕj| †mLv‡b †m ’vqxfv‡e Ae ’vb Ki‡eÕ (wRbœ 72/23)| 11. nv`x‡Qi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡j ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Z wdrbvq cov

Aek¨¤¢vex| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, ���E Z��(!�� ��0�E �� �R��'����J�0 ��� �@�� /�� (R�� ��9�B����1 aY�; .�� $�� ��9�B����0 U?��E�� U������ H Ôhviv ivm~‡ji Av‡`k-wb‡l‡ai we‡ivwaZv

K‡i, Zviv †hb G wel‡q fq K‡i †h, Zv‡`i‡K ( ywbqvex Rxe‡b) †MÖdZvi Ki‡e bvbvwea wdrbv Ges (ciKvjxb Rxe‡b) †MÖdZvi Ki‡e gg©vwš—K AvhveÕ (b~i 24/63)|

12. nv`x‡Qi wm×vš— †g‡b bv †bIqv gybvwd‡Ki j¶Y| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

10 10 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv �R�����<�0�$ �&;�/I ���� �����&������$ ��; A�x���$ &��l � ����.�0 ��UP0�� ��9 ;�/ ��/ �* A�� �X���p ��/�$

�X�,��$�� ���;�/ i�6(����H��p�S�$ �����= ����S �� �#��������$ ���- Z���� ��9�; ��� ��p�S 0����UP ��9 ;�/ ��s�� A�/�R H) ��;���NH��(H

ÔZviv e‡j Avgiv Avj−vn I ivm~‡ji Dc‡i Cgvb G‡bwQ I Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ Kwi| AZtci Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi GK`j †jvK c„ô cÖ k©b K‡i| e ‘Zt Zviv gywgb bq|Õ ÔAbyiƒcfv‡e hLb Zv‡`i‡K Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji dvqQvjvi w`‡K AvnŸvb Kiv nq, ZLb Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi GK`j †jvK gyL wdwi‡q †bq (b~i 24/47-48)| ÔA_P gyywgb‡`i K_v Giƒc nIqv DwPZ †h, hLb Zv‡`i‡K dvqQvjvi Rb¨ Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji w`‡K AvnŸvb Kiv n‡e ZLb Zviv ej‡e, Avgiv ïbjvg I AvbyMZ¨ Kijvg| e ‘Zt ZvivB nÕj mdjKvgÕ (b~i 24/51)|

(L) Ab¨Î Avj−vn e‡jb, ��p�S�$ ����[ ��9�� � �����A�1 ����S ��/ ���W :�� "� ����S�$ ���&����� �8 0���� ��<����;�6(���� $G*���0�R �X ;�� $�*���]=H) m��;��nw(H ÔhLb

Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq †h, †Zvgiv Gm H m‡Z¨i w`‡K, hv Avj−vn bvwhj K‡i‡Qb Ges Gm ivm~‡ji w`‡K, ZLb Avcwb gybvwdK‡`i †`L‡eb †h, Zviv Avcbvi †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †b‡e (ev Avcbvi wbK‡U Avmv †_‡K †jvK‡`i c_ i“× K‡i †`‡e)Õ (wbmv 4/61)|

13. ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mybœvZ Z_v nv`x‡Qi AbymiY‡K IqvwRe K‡i Avj−vn cweÎ KziAv‡bi Ab~ b 40 RvqMvq eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|

14. Qvnvev‡q †Kivg nv`xQ‡K Avj−vn †cÖwiZ ÔAwnÕ wnmv‡eB wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| †hgb Avey mvC` Ly ix (ivt) e‡jb †h, GK`v R‰bKv gwnjv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U G‡m ej‡jb, Ô†n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! cyi“‡liv Avcbvi me nv`xQ wb‡q †Mj| G¶‡Y Avgv‡`i‡K Avcwb wb‡Ri †_‡K GKUv w`b wbw ©ó K‡i w`b, †hw`b Avgiv Avcbvi wbK‡U Avme Ges Avcwb Avgv‡`i‡K wkLv‡eb, hv Avj−vn Avcbv‡K wk¶v w`‡q‡QbÕ| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zv‡`i Rb¨ GKUv w`b I ’vb wbw ©ó K‡i †`b I

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 11 11

†mLv‡b AvMgb K‡ib| AZtci Zv‡`i‡K wk¶v †`b hv Avj−vn Zuv‡K wk¶v w`‡q‡QbÕ|5

GLv‡b wZbwU welq mve¨ — nq (1) ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq cyi“l I bvix mK‡j nv`xQ wk¶v‡K cÖavb KZ©e¨ e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb (2) cyi“‡li b¨vq gwnjvMYI ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U nv`xQ wkL‡Z Avm‡Zb (3) nv`xQ‡K Zuviv mevB Avj−vn&i mivmwi ÔAwnÕ wnmv‡e wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| 15. nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i wek¦vm ivLv ev bv ivLvB nÕj gywgb I Kvwd‡ii ga¨Kvi †gŠwjK cv_©K¨| †hgb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb,

��6�� ����x�� �]*&6�Z�/ *�<�� ����x�� 3� ��/�$ ����� �]*&6�Z�/ *�<�� ����� 3� D U*&6�Z�/�$ ����U� �� ��� �h�&;��G5��JB�� @�$� D H Ô†h e¨w³ gynv¤§v‡`i AvbyMZ¨

Kij, †m Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Kij| †h e¨w³ gynv¤§v‡`i Aeva¨Zv Kij, †m Avj−vn&i Aeva¨Zv Kij| gynv¤§v` nÕ‡jb †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ nK I evwZ‡ji cv_©K¨Kvix gvb`ÊÕ|6 16. nv`xQ Agvb¨ Ki‡j Rvnvbœvgx nÕ‡Z n‡e| †hgb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb,

c[�) ��.&/�� �R��!�| *�0 �Y&;�k(�� %�S ��/ ����� ���[ � �/�$ � ������ ����� : ��/ ��;����x�� �[�|�= �Y&;�k(�� ��/�$ ��:����� *�<�� �����G5��JB�� @�$� D H

ÔAvgvi cª‡Z¨K D¤§Z Rvbœv‡Z hv‡e| †Kej Zviv e¨ZxZ, hviv Am¤§Z n‡e| wR‡Ám Kiv nÕj ÔAm¤§ZÕ Kviv? wZwb ej‡jb, hviv Avgvi AvbyMZ¨ Kij, Zviv Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e Ges hviv Avgvi Aeva¨Zv Ki‡e, ZvivB nÕj Am¤§ZÕ|7 17. nvivg I nvjv‡ji weavb cÖ v‡b nv`x‡Qi ’vb KziAv‡bi b¨vq| eis Zvi †P‡q †ekx| †hgb M„ncvwjZ Mvav, `š—-bLiIqvjv wnsmª cï I c¶x KziAv‡b nvivg Kiv nqwb, A_P nv`x‡Q nvivg Kiv n‡q‡Q|8

5. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/1753; H, e½vbyev` nv/1661 ÔRvbvhvÕ Aa¨vq Ôg„‡Zi Rb¨ µ›`bÕ Aby‡”Q`| 6. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/144 ÔKziAvb I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`| 7. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/143| 8. Avey vE`, wgkKvZ nv/163; gymwjg, gyËvdvK¡ ÔAvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/4105, 4106|

12 12 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv KziAv‡b mKj g„Z Ges i³‡K nvivg Kiv n‡q‡QÕ (evK¡vivn 2/173)|

A_P nv`x‡Q yÕcÖKvi g„Z A_v©r gvQ I wUwÇ cvwL9 Ges yÕcÖKvi i³ A_v©r KwjRv I c−xnv‡K nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q|10

18. nv`xQ †Kej KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨vKvix bq, eis A‡bK mgq KziAvbB nv`x‡Qi cÖZ¨qbKvix|

†hgb (K) wnRi‡Zi c~‡e© g°vq 12 beex e‡l© msNwVZ wgÔiv‡Ri iv‡Z cvuP Iqv³ QvjvZ dih nq Ges wReªxj (Avt) G‡m ivm~j (Qvt)-†K Ih~ I Qvjv‡Zi wbqg-Kvb~b wk¶v †`b Ges ZLb †_‡KB Qvnvev‡q †Kivg wbqwgZ Ih~mn QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| A_P Ih~i dih c×wZ m¤ú©‡K m~iv gv‡q`vn&i 6 bs AvqvZ bvwhj nq wgÔiv‡Ri NUbvi 8 eQi c‡i 6ô wnRix‡Z g`xbvq| (L) gynv¤§v` Beby mxixb (int) e‡jb, Bû`x‡`i kwbevi I bvQviv‡`i iweevi mvßvwnK Dcvmbvi w`‡bi wecix‡Z AvbQvi QvnvexMY g`xbvq AvmÔAv` web hyivivn (ivt)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ ïµevi RygÔAvi QvjvZ Av`vq ïi“ K‡ib Ges ZuvivB me©cÖ_g ÔRygÔAvnÕ bvgKiY K‡ib| †Kbbv Gw`‡bi c~e©bvg wQj

ÔAviƒevnÕ )Y�$�A��( | c‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wnRiZ K‡i G‡j RygÔAv

dih nIqvi AvqvZ m¤wjZ m~iv RygÔAv bvwhj nq|11

Z‡e †h‡nZy nv`x‡Qi wekvj fvÊv‡ii msMÖn, msKjb I msi¶Y KziAv‡bi b¨vq ÔgyZvIqvwZiÕ ev AweiZ avivq ewY©Z I mK‡ji wbK‡U mgfv‡e I e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPvwiZ nqwb, †mKviY weØvbMY nv`xQ‡K KziAv‡bi c‡i wØZxq —‡i †i‡L‡Qb| Z‡e KziAv‡bi msw¶ß, A¯úó I †gŠwjK weavb mg~‡ni wecix‡Z we —vwiZ, my úó Ges †gŠwjK I we —…Z weavbvejx m¤wjZ nv`xQ kv‡ ¿i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv gywgb Rxe‡b me©vwaK| hv e¨ZxZ c~Y©v½fv‡e Bmjvgx Rxeb hvcb Kiv gywg‡bi Rb¨ Av‡`Š m¤¢eci bq|

9. GK cÖKvi †QvU gi“c¶x; hv mPivPi Avieiv wkKvi K‡i †LZ| 10. Avngv`, Beby gvRvn cÖf„wZ, wgkKvZ nv/4132 ÔwkKvi I henÕ Aa¨vq, Ô‡h me e ‘ LvIqv nvjvj I nvivgÕ|

11. Zvdmxi KziZzex 18/98 m~iv RygÔAv 9 Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 13 13

19. nv`x‡Qi AbymiY e¨ZxZ gyywg‡bi mKj †bK Avgj wed‡j hv‡e| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, ��0 ��9G0�� ��0�E �� ���;�/I ���A��x�� 3� ���A��x���$ �����&��� �%�$

���!�Q B�1 ��-����6 ��� H) *6�tt(H Ô†n Cgvb`viMY! †Zvgiv Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ Ki I ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki Ges †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i Avgjmg~n‡K webó K‡iv bvÕ (gynv¤§v` 47/33)|

20. AvK¡x`v I AvnKvg mKj wel‡q nv`xQ nÕj P~ovš— wm×vš—Kvix|

†hgb (1) Kei Avhve, Cmv (Avt)-Gi EaŸ©v‡ivnY I wK¡qvg‡Zi cÖv°v‡j AeZiY, gvn`xi AvMgb, `v¾v‡ji Avwef©ve cÖf„wZ AvK¡x`vMZ welq (2) QvjvZ, wQqvg, hvKvZ I n‡¾i wbqg-Kvb~b BZ¨vw` Bev`ZMZ welq (3) e¨emv-evwYR¨mn nvjvj-nviv‡gi A_©‰bwZK weavbmg~n, ¿xi mv‡_ Zvi †evb I Lvjv-dzdz‡K weevn bv Kiv, i³ m¤úK©xq‡`i b¨vq y» m¤úK©xq‡`i mv‡_ weev‡ni wbwl×Zvmn weevn I Zvjv‡Ki we —vwiZ wbqg I weavbmg~n, †cŠ‡Îi m¤úwˇZ `v`xi DËivwaKvi, mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Avgx‡ii AvbyMZ¨, weevwnZ I AweevwnZ †hbvKv‡ii kvw —i cv_©K¨, g`¨cvb, A½‡”Q`b I ¶wZKiY BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Aciv‡ai kvw —weavbmn ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK welqvejxi we —vwiZ wewa-weavb †KejgvÎ nv`x‡Qi gva¨‡gB Avgiv cªvß n‡qwQ| †mKviY nv`x‡Qi AbymiY e¨ZxZ Bmjv‡gi AbymiY Kíbv Kiv Am¤¢e|

AatcZ‡bi KviY )9�.:;� �-�(

gymwjg D¤§vn&i AatcZ‡bi eûwea Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ mePvB‡Z eo KviY nÕj KyiAvb I mybœvn †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †bIqv| KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi wbi‡c¶ AbymiY I GZ yf‡qi cÖKvk¨ I mijv‡_©i Dc‡i Avgj I M‡elYvagx© we‡k−lY ev` w`‡q †jv‡Kiv µ‡g `jc~Rv I e¨w³ c~Rvq wjß nq| Avi G¸wj ïi“ nq g~jZt ivR‰bwZK I ywbqvex ¯v_©‡K †K› ª K‡i| AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi AvovB eQ‡ii †LjvdZKvj e¨wqZ nq g~jZt Bmjv‡gi cÖwZi¶vi Kv‡R Z_v ÔgyiZv`Õ ev ag©Z¨vMx‡`i Xj

14 14 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv †VKv‡bv, hvKvZ A¯xKviKvix‡`i I fÊbex‡`i †drbv, we‡`kx ˆeix

kw³i nvgjv gyKvwejv Kiv BZ¨vw` Kv‡R| Igi (ivt)-Gi 10 eQ‡ii †LjvdZKv‡j ivR‰bwZK cwiw ’wZ wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K Ges gymwjg kw³i weRqvwfhvb GwM‡q P‡j evavnxb MwZ‡Z| gymjgvb‡`i RxebhvÎvq m”QjZv wd‡i Av‡m| IQgvb MYx (ivt)-Gi 12 eQ‡ii †LjvdZKv‡ji cÖ_gvaŸ© e¨vcx GB Awfhvb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K I gymwjg kw³ ZrKvjxb c„w_ex‡Z GKK e„nËg ivR‰bwZK kw³‡Z cwiYZ nq| wKš‘ Gwi g‡a¨ wKQz wejvmx †jvK Øxb‡K ywbqv nvwQ‡ji gva¨g wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i| Bû`x mš—vb Ave yj−vn web mvev cÖKv‡k¨ Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i Hme ywbqv`vi †jvK‡`i‡K †Ljvd‡Zi wei“‡× cÖ‡ivwPZ Ki‡Z _v‡K| d‡j ivR‰bwZK wek„sLjv †`Lv †`q| hvi cwiYwZ‡Z Z…Zxq Ljxdv IQgvb (ivt) I c‡i PZz_© Ljxdv Avjx (ivt) wbnZ nb| Pigcš’x Lv‡iRxiv Avjx I gyÔAvweqv (ivt) Dfq‡K Ges wgK¡ v`, mvjgvb dv‡imx I Avey hvi †Mdvixmn nv‡Z MYv K‡qKRb e¨ZxZ mKj Qvnvex‡K ÔKv‡diÕ ej‡Z _v‡K| GBfv‡e †bZ… ’vbxq QvnvexMY‡K ÔKv‡diÕ ejvi Kvi‡Y D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ Zuv‡`i wekvj fveg~wZ© I gh©v`v ¶zbœ nq| †h †KD Zuv‡`i mgv‡jvPbvq mvnmx n‡q I‡V| d‡j gymwjg HK¨ ûgwKi gy‡L c‡o hvq| g`xbv I `v‡g®‹ Ges c‡i K~dv I `v‡g®‹ ivR‰bwZK wefw³i yB †K‡› ª cwiYZ nq| AZtci AveŸvmxq Avg‡j evM`v‡` GKK ivRavbx ’vwcZ nq|

Dc‡iv³ ivR‰bwZK wefw³i Kvi‡Y gmwR`, gv`ivmv me©Î AvK¡x`vMZ weZ©K ïi“ n‡q hvq| eQivi gvÔev` Rynvbx (g„t 80wnt) ZvK¡ xi‡K A¯xKvi K‡i| Rvng web QvdIqvb mgiK›`x (wbnZ 128 wnt) Avj−vn&i ¸Yvejx‡K A¯xKvi K‡i| IqvwQj web ÔAvZ¡v (80-131 wnt) eQivq gyÔZvwhjv gZev‡`i Rb¥ †`q| Zviv hyw³i Av‡jv‡K Qnxn nv`xQmg~‡ni hvPvB ïi“ K‡i Ges Zv‡`i gb gZ bv nÕ‡j Zv‡K A¯xKvi Kivi ytmvnm †`Lv‡Z _v‡K A_ev wb‡R‡`i gb gZ K‡i †bIqvi Rb¨ Ace¨vL¨v I ~iZg e¨vL¨v ïi“ K‡i †`q|

†gvUK_v KziAvb I mybœvn&i g~j evnK I cÖPviK gnvgvb¨ QvnvexM‡Yi wei“‡× KzPµxiv †g‡Z I‡V| Bû`x-L„óvb †_‡K ag©vš—wiZ bI-gymwjg †jv‡KivB g~jZt GB Pµv‡š— †bZ„Z¡ †`q| hv‡Z Bmjv‡gi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© —¤¢

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 15 15

nv`xQ kv ¿‡K evwZj cÖgvY Kiv hvq| Avi nv`xQ‡K evwZj ev AMÖnY‡hvM¨ wKsev m‡›`nhy³ cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡jB KzPµx‡`i D‡Ïk¨ mdj n‡e| †Kbbv nv`x‡Qi —‡¤¢i Dc‡iB Bmjv‡gi myD”P cÖvmv` gv_v DuPz K‡i uvwo‡q Av‡Q|

QvnvexM‡Yi f~wgKv (���� ) �(�<=�� �>52

Qvnvev‡q †Kivg I Zuv‡`i wkl¨ Zv‡eC‡b Ghvg me© v nv`x‡Qi cvnviv`vi wnmv‡e „p wngvw ªi b¨vq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i †M‡Qb| nv`x‡Qi bv‡g wg_¨v eY©bv, nv`x‡Qi Ace¨vL¨v, ~iZg e¨vL¨v BZ¨vw` †_‡K Zvuiv wQ‡jb eû †hvRb ~‡i| Gme welq wQj Zuv‡`i ¯‡cœiI evB‡i| G Kvi‡Y Zuviv RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ ÔAvnjyj nv`xQÕ ÔAvnjym mybœvnÕ BZ¨vw` bv‡g cwiwPZ n‡q I‡Vb| Zuv‡`i we‡ivaxiv ÔAvnjyj we`ÔAvÕ Z_v we`ÔAvZx bv‡g AwfwnZ n‡Z _v‡K (gyK¡vÏvgv gymwjg c„. 15)|

D‡j−L¨ †h, ivR‰bwZK †Mvj‡hv‡Mi d‡j QvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ wefw³ m„wó nÕ‡jI Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ AvK¡x`vMZ †Kvb wefw³ †`Lv †`qwb| Zuviv ci¯úi‡K ÔKvwdiÕ e‡jbwb ev Kvi“i i³ nvjvj e‡jbwb| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ hv wKQz we‡iva wQj, Zv wQj †mªd BRwZnv`x gZwe‡iva| huvi BRwZnv` mwVK wQj, wZwb wظY QIqve cv‡eb Ges huvi BRwZnv` †ewVK wQj, wZwb GK¸Y QIqve cv‡eb|

eQivq _vKvKvjxb mg‡q GK`v Qvnvex Bgivb web ûQvBb (ivt) R‰bK e¨w³‡K nv`xQ ïbvw”Q‡jb| ZLb GKRb †jvK G‡m ejj, †n Avey bvRx`! Avcwb Avgv‡`i‡K KziAvb ïbvb| Bgivb web ûQvBb (ivt) ZLb †jvKwU‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ej‡jb, †Zvgiv wK QvjvZ Av`vq Ki bv? †Zvgiv wK hvKvZ Av`vq Ki bv? ZvnÕ‡j Zv Kvi †`Iqv c×wZ‡Z Av`vq Ki? †jvKwU ejj, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Avgv‡`i‡K Gme wel‡q wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb| AZtci †jvKwU wb‡Ri fyj eyS‡Z †c‡i ejj : V�;�. ��� ���

�j��� ��� "� ÔAvcwb Avgv‡K euvwP‡q‡Qb| Avj−vn Avcbv‡K `xN©Rxwe Ki“b!Õ12 12. gy —v`iv‡K nv‡Kg 1/109-10 c„t|

16 16 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv DgvBqv web Lvwj` GKevi mKj gvmAvjv KziAvb †_‡K †ei Kivi

†Póv K‡ib| wZwb nhiZ Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi (ivt)-‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Avgiv gyK¡xg Ae ’vq I fxwZi Ae ’vq QvjvZ Av`v‡qi welq KziAv‡b cvB| wKš‘ md‡i QvjvZ Av`v‡qi welq †Zv KziAv‡b cvB bv|

ZLb Beby Igi (ivt) Zv‡K ej‡jb, ��0 �� �� DV�|�� R�S 3� ���A�� ��; ����S �]*&6�Z�/ � !�� "� �# ��!�� �� !���$ �%�$ ���! A�: D�+, �� ��6&:�y�� �[�A('�: ��6�) ��; 0���� �/�]*&6�Z

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cvwV‡qwQ‡jb, hLb Avgiv wKQzB RvbZvg bv| wbðqB Avgiv K‡i _vwK, †hgbfv‡e Avgiv gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-‡K Ki‡Z †`‡LwQÕ|13

Z‡e GB ai‡bi cÖkœ ZrKvjxb gymwjg mgv‡R e¨vcKZv jvf K‡iwb| eis e¨w³ ch©v‡qB mxgve× wQj| Avi g~jZt Biv‡Ki eQiv‡ZB GwU mxgve× wQj| †mKviY eQivi Ab¨Zg †kªô Zv‡eC weØvb AvBq~e mvLwZqvbx (68-131 wnt) wbR kn‡ii †jvK‡`i P~ovš—fv‡e e‡j †`b

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e‡j †h, Qvo Gme, Avgv‡`i‡K KziAvb ïbvI, ZLb Zzwg †R‡bv †h, H †jvKwU wb‡R c_åó Ges Ab¨‡K c_åóKvixÕ|14 e¨w³ ch©v‡q nv`xQ we‡ivax D³ g‡bvfve mxgve× _vK‡jI wØZxq kZvãxi †kl w`‡K G‡m †ek wKQz †jvK‡K cvIqv hvq, hviv cyiv nv`xQ kv ¿‡KB A¯xKvi K‡i A_ev ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ ch©v‡qi nv`xQmg~n‡K A¯xKvi K‡i| hw`I gymwjg D¤§vn&i mvwe©K mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Gi e¨vcK cÖfve ZLbI c‡owb, AvRI c‡owb| dvwjj−v-wnj nvg&`| Z‡e nv`xQ we‡ivax lohš¿ cÖKv‡k¨ I c‡iv‡¶ me© v Ae¨vnZ wQj, AvRI Av‡Q| yf©vM¨µ‡g GB †jv‡Kiv GLb Avi evB‡ii †KD bq, eis N‡ii| Bmjv‡gi eo eo weØvb wnmv‡e hviv RvZxq I Avš—Rv©wZKfv‡e

13. gy —v`iv‡K nv‡Kg 1/258 c„t| 14. QvjvûÏxb gKe~j Avngv , hvIqv‡eÔ dx IqvRwnm mybœvn (wiqv : vi Avjwgj KzZze) Zvwe, c„t 46|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 17 17

mycwiwPZ| G¶‡Y weMZ I eZ©gvb hy‡Mi cÖKvk¨ I c‡iv¶ nv`xQ we‡ivax‡`i msw¶ß cwiPq Avgiv Zz‡j aivi cÖqvm cve| hv‡Z mvaviY gymjgvbMY G‡`i †auvKvq bv c‡ob|

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3. gyÔZvwhjv )��D6C2( : eyw×ev`x GB `jwUi AwZ hyw³ev`x ZrciZvq cÖgvwYZ nq †h, cÖKv‡k¨ ev AcÖKv‡k¨ GB g‡Zi Abymvix †jv‡Kiv cyiv nv`xQ kv ¿‡KB A¯xKvi K‡i‡Q| GgbwK hyw³i evB‡i nIqvq Zviv KziAv‡bi A‡eva¨ welq¸wj )R��<�� {�k�S( Ges ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi

gyÔwRhvmg~n‡K )qWkA/( A¯xKvi K‡i‡Q| Avey ûivqiv (ivt)-‡K Zviv

Ô†miv wg_y KÕ )�E)��?�h�;�� ( ej‡ZI wØav †eva K‡iwb| Qvnvex I Zv‡eCM‡Yi drIqvmg~n‡K Zviv Zvw”Qj¨ K‡i Ges Zuv‡`i‡K g~L© I gybvwdK e‡j| GgbwK Zuv‡`i‡K ’vqxfv‡e Rvnvbœvgx e‡j (bvEhywej−vn) (hvIqv‡eÔ c„t 59)|

18 18 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Z‡e mwVK K_v GB †h, Dc‡iv³ åvš— `j¸wj cyiv nv`xQ kv ¿‡K

A¯xKvi K‡iwb| eis Zv‡`i ¯v‡_©i we‡ivax nv`xQmg~n‡KB g~jZt Zviv A¯xKvi ev cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| †hgb Lv‡iRxiv Avn‡j evq‡Zi gh©v`vq ewY©Z nv`xQmg~n‡K A¯xKvi K‡i| gyÔZvwhjviv Avj−vn&i ¸Yvejx msµvš— nv`xQmg~n‡K A¯xKvi K‡i| hw`I Hme `j¸wj Ab¨vb¨ cÖkvLvMZ wel‡q ewY©Z wKQz wKQz nv`xQ gvb¨ K‡i _v‡K|

Beby nvhg Av›`vjymx (384-456 wnt) e‡jb, gymwjg D¤§vn&i mKj `j-Dc`j wek¦ — GKK eY©bvKvixi weï×fv‡e ewY©Z ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ ch©vqfy³ nv`xQ webv evK¨ e¨‡q †g‡b wb‡Zb| G e¨vcv‡i D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ HK¨gZ wQj| wKš‘ 1g kZvãx wnRixi †k‡li w`‡K wKQz gyÔZvwhjv `vk©wbK GB bxwZi e¨Z¨q NUvb Ges ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ ch©v‡qi nv`xQmg~‡n m‡›`n cÖKvk Ki‡Z _v‡KbÕ|15 GB gyÔZvwhjx hyw³ev`x †XD wewfbœ wdK¡nx gvhnv‡ei weØvbM‡Yi g‡a¨I jv‡M †KejgvÎ Avn‡jnv`xQ weØvbMY e¨ZxZ| dvwjj−v-wnj nvg&`|

AvaywbK hy‡M nv`xQ A¯xKviKvixMY )?E�� ��0�� +�A�2�(

Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z gv_v Pvov †`Iqv nv`xQ we‡ivax `j¸wji AcZrciZv cieZ©x‡Z ’vb we‡k‡l wawK wawK fv‡e wU‡K _vK‡jI gynvwÏQ weØvbM‡Yi Ae¨vnZ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L Zv e¨vcKZv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| GgbwK AveŸvmxq Ljxdv gvg~b, gyÔZvwQg I IqvwQK¡ wej−vn&i (198-232 wnt/813-47 L„t) mvwe©K c„ô‡cvlKZv m‡Ë¡I hyyw³ev‡`i bv‡g åvš— gyÔZvwhjv gZev` e„nËi gymwjg Rbmvavi‡Yi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv jv‡f †kvPbxqfv‡e e¨_© nq| hw`I Hmgq Avn‡jnv`xQ weØvbM‡Yi Dc‡i †b‡g Av‡m f~wgK¤úm „k wec`-gyQxeZ I hyjyg-AZ¨vPvimg~n| Gfv‡e kZ ivR‰bwZK wbh©vZb I †Rj-hyjyg mn¨ K‡iI Zuv‡`i „p cÖwZ‡iva mvaviY RbM‡Yi ü`q Rq K‡i| hv nv`xQ kv‡ ¿i cweÎZv I D”P gh©v`v‡K A¶zYœ ivL‡Z mnvqK nq|

15. Avj-BnKvg dx DQ~wjj AvnKvg (Kvq‡iv : `vi“j nv`xQ, 1426/2005) c„t 126|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 19 19

wKš‘ cÂg kZvãx wnRix †_‡K mßg kZvãx wnRix ch©š— (480-691wnt/1095-1291L„t=202/196 eQi) wdwj —xb D×v‡ii bv‡g wLªóvb BD‡iv‡ci †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ cÖvq yÕ‡kv eQi e¨vcx msNwUZ Ôµz‡mWÕ hy‡× civwRZ I e¨_© wLªóvb †bZviv gymwjg wek¦‡K KivqË Kivi Rb¨ wfbœ c_ Aej¤b K‡i| Zviv mvs¯‹„wZK mvgªvR¨ev‡`i bxjbKkv AsKb K‡i Ges GRb¨ we‡kl wKQz wkw¶Z †jvK wb‡qvM K‡i| hviv Aviex I Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ wel‡q M‡elYv I Abyev‡` AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e ye©j gymwjg †`k¸wj‡Z mgvR Kj¨v‡Yi bv‡g mvnv‡h¨i nvZ cÖmvwiZ K‡i gvbe‡cÖwgK †m‡R Zviv mvg‡b Av‡m| me©vaywbK cÖhyw³ wb‡q Bmjvgx M‡elYv I cÖKvkbvi †¶‡Î Zviv wecyj As‡Ki A_© e¨q Ki‡Z _v‡K| hv gymjgv‡biv wewfbœ mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| g~j¨evb ¯‹jviwkc w`‡q gymwjg †`kmg~‡ni †kªô cÖwZfv¸wj‡K Zviv M‡elYvi bv‡g wb‡R‡`i †`‡k wb‡q hvq Ges D”PZi wWMÖx I †jvfbxq my‡hvM-myweavi duv‡` †d‡j Zv‡`i‡K gvbwmK †Mvjv‡g cwiYZ K‡i| Zviv Bmjvg‡K cÖvPxb †f‡e Zv‡K AvaywbK Kivi mvabvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| †KD †KD Zv‡`i åvš— AvK¡x`v-wek¦vm‡K Bmjvgx †jevm cwiavb Kiv‡Z m‡Pó nb| Gfv‡e Zv‡`i bvbvgyLx loh‡š¿i Ab¨Zg cÖavb w`K wQj GB †h, ÔAvgv‡`i Rb¨ KziAvbB h‡_ó nv`x‡Qi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bBÕ| †Kbbv nv`xQ nÕj ÔhvbœxÕ ev aviYv wbf©i| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡R G¸wj wjwce× AvKv‡i †i‡L hvbwb| †mKviY G‡Z A‡bK ye©jZv i‡q †M‡Q| we‡kl K‡i GKK ivexi ewY©Z nv`xQmg~n‡K, hv‡K ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ ejv nq|

AZtci Hme †jvK¸wj Ôms¯‹viÕ-Gi bvg wb‡q gq`v‡b Suvwc‡q c‡ob Ges Zv‡`i ¸i“ ÔcÖvP¨we`Õ (Orientalist) bv‡g L¨vZ BD‡ivcxq wLªóvb cwÊZ‡`i AbyKi‡Y KvR Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| gy³eyw×i bv‡g Zviv Kw_Z ga¨hyMxq wPš—vavivi wei“‡× Zi“Y‡`i D‡ËwRZ I AvK…ó Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| GBfv‡e Bmjv‡gi cªK…Z BwZnvm Ges Qvnvex I Zv‡eCM‡Yi Cgvbx „pZv m¤ú‡K© AÁ †jv‡KivB Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© we‡klÁiƒ‡c gymwjg mgv‡R Avwef~©Z nb I Zv‡`i †`Iqv fyj I weK…Z e¨vL¨vq mgv‡R weåvwš— †`Lv †`q| gymjgvb bvgavix GBme Kjgx gybvwdKivB

20 20 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Bmjv‡gi ’vqx ¶wZ mva‡b m¶g nq, hv mk ¿ Ôµz‡mWÕ hy‡×i gva¨‡g

Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|

GBme gy³eyw× Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`MY K‡qKfv‡e wef³| †KD cy‡iv nv`xQ kv‡ ¿i wei“‡× Ôm‡›`nev`Õ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| †KD ïaygvÎ ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ RvZxq nv`xQ¸wj‡Z m‡›`n m„wó K‡i‡Qb| †KD nv`xQ ev` w`‡q †KejgvÎ KziAv‡bi Abymvix nIqvi `vex K‡i‡Qb| †KD wb‡Ri ¯v‡_©i wKQz nv`xQ‡K ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb, evKx¸wj‡K A¯xKvi ev Ace¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| A‡b‡K nv`xQ kv ¿‡K mivmwi A¯xKvi K‡ibwb, Z‡e hyw³i bv‡g Ggb me Achyw³i AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb, hv nv`xQ A¯xKviKvix‡`i †P‡qI AwaK ¶wZKi cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q Ges hv †jvK‡`i wbK‡U nv`x‡Qi D”P gh©v`v‡K f~jywÉZ K‡i‡Q|

cvðv‡Z¨ GB Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b †Mvìwh‡ni (1850-1921), †Rv‡md kvLZ, gv‡M©vwjq_, M¨vób IqvU, Ugvm AvY©ì, Kvj© †eªv‡Kjg¨vb, Avi.G. wbKjmb, G.†R. Avi‡eix, Avj‡d«W wnDg, n¨vwgëb G.Avi. Mxe, g›U‡Mvgvix IqvU, Gm.Gg. hyBgvi, G.†R. wfbwmK, †nbix j¨v‡gÝ (1868-1951) cÖgyL|

c¶vš—‡i cÖv‡P¨ GB Av‡›`vj‡bi Drm f~wg nÕj cÖavbZt yÕwU| 1. wgm‡i gydZx gynv¤§v` Ave& yû (1849-1905) I Zuvi Abymvixe„›` 2. fvi‡Z m¨vi ˆmq` Avngv` Lvb (1817-1898) I Zuvi Abymvixe„›`|

wgmixq ¯‹zj )�=F� ��$�2( 1. gydZx gynv¤§v` Ave yû (1849-1905 L„t)

GB weL¨vZ wgmixq cwÊZ AvaywbK wgm‡i Ôms¯‹viÕ Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv wnmv‡e cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib| hLb cvðvZ¨ mvgªvR¨ev`x kw³ Avie we‡k¦i Dc‡i Zv‡`i Kv‡jv _vev we —vi K‡i Ges Aviexq Bmjvgx ms¯‹…wZ‡K ga¨hyMxq Kzms¯‹vi wnmv‡e wPwÎZ Kivi Rb¨ D‡Vc‡o jv‡M I GiB Ab¨Zg w`K wnmv‡e Bmjv‡gi wfZ bvwo‡q †`evi Rb¨ nv`xQ kv‡ ¿i cÖvgvwYKZvi wei“‡× bvbvwea PΓvš— ïi“ K‡i, ZLb Zv‡`i GB

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 21 21

PΓvš— Rv‡j Ave× n‡q c‡ob eû Bmjvgx cwÊZ| gydZx gynv¤§v` Ave yû wQ‡jb Zv‡`i †bZ„ ’vbxq e¨w³Z¡| hw`I Bmjv‡gi c‡¶ Zuvi wQj †Rviv‡jv f~wgKv|

†hgb wZwb e‡jb,

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wgmixq ¯‹z‡ji wek¦weL¨vZ cwÊZ ‰mq` ikx` wihv (1865-1935 L„t) I Wt ZvIdxK¡ wQ`K¡x cÖ_g Rxe‡b gydZx gynv¤§v` Ave yû-i Abymvix wQ‡jb| ‰mq` ikx` wihv-i RMwØL¨vZ cwÎKv ÔAvj-gvbviÕ-†q GB mgq nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZvi wei“‡× A‡bK wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ nÕZ| †hgb Wt ZvIdxK¡ wQ`K¡x wjwLZ cÖeÜ @*�$ R��<�� �T db��� ÔBmjvg ej‡Z GKgvÎ KziAvb‡KB eySvqÕ|16 ejv evûj¨, ˆmq` ikx` wihv GBme †jLbxi m‡ev©”P c„ô‡cvlKZv w`‡Zb| wKš‘ Zuv‡`i D —v` gydZx 16. hvIqv‡eÔ c„t 74, M„nxZ : Avj-gvbvi 9g el© 7 I 12 msL¨v|

22 22 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv gynv¤§v` Ave yû-i g„Zz i c‡i hLb Avj-Avhnvi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi

cwÊZ‡`i nv`xQ kv‡ ¿i cÖwZ Ae‡njv Ges wewfbœ wdK¡nx gvhnve I `k©b kv‡ ¿i cÖwZ Zv‡`i AwZ Drmvn I Mfxi cvwÊZ¨ cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib, ZLb wZwb wgm‡i Ômybœv‡Zi SvÊv DÇxbKvixÕ wnmv‡e Avwef~©Z nb| wZwb nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× wewfbœ gn‡ji DÌvwcZ cÖkœmg~‡ni uvZfv½v Reve w`‡Z _v‡Kb Ges wewfbœ †dK¡nx gvhnv‡e nv`xQ we‡ivax †hme drIqv wjwce× i‡q‡Q, wZwb Zvi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| cieZ©xKv‡j wgm‡ii KzL¨vZ nv`xQ ykgb Avey ivBqvn&i Avwef©veKv‡j hw` wZwb RxweZ _vK‡Zb, Z‡e ˆmq` ikx` wihv †h Zvi cÖ_g cÖwZev`Kvix nÕ‡Zb, G‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bB (Avm-mybœvn c„t 30)| Wt ZvIdxK¡ wQ`K¡xI Avj−vn&i ing‡Z Zuvi c~‡e©i f~wgKv cwiZ¨vM K‡ib I ‰mq` ikx` wihv-i mv‡_ HK¨g‡Z ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`b|17 2. Wt Avngv` Avgxb (1886-1954 L„t)

GB wgmixq cwÊZ ÔdvRi“j BmjvgÕ Ôhynvj BmjvgÕ I Ôhyni“j BmjvgÕ bv‡g mvov RvMv‡bv wZbwU MÖ‡š’i weL¨vZ †jLK| GB MÖš’mg~‡n wZwb BD‡ivcxq cÖvP¨we`M‡Yi c`vsK AbymiY K‡ib Ges nv`xQ kv‡ ¿i wekvj fvÊv‡i m‡›`‡ni a~gªRvj m„wó K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb Rgn~i gymwjg weØvbM‡Yi M„nxZ ZixKvi evB‡i P‡j hvb| ÔdvRi“j BmjvgÕ MÖ‡š’ wZwb Ônv`xQÕ m¤‡Ü Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b wZwb Pwe©i g‡a¨ wel wgwk‡q‡Qb I nK¡-Gi mv‡_ evwZj wgwkªZ K‡i‡Qb| yt‡Li welq GB †h, D³ åvš— AvK¡x`vi Dc‡iB wZwb g„Zz eiY K‡ib| eis Zuvi åvš— AvK¡x`vi eB c‡o eû †jvK åvš— n‡q‡Q Ges GLbI n‡”Q| †hgb wZwb e‡jb,

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nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 23 23

ÔweØvbMY nv`xQ eY©bvKvix ivex‡`i mgv‡jvPbvq eû wbqg-weavb cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb| hvi mewKQz GLv‡b eY©bv Kiv m¤¢e bq| wKš‘ mZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK Zuviv nv`x‡Qi gZ‡bi (Text) PvB‡Z mb‡`i (Chain of narrators) mgv‡jvPbv‡K AwaK ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb|.....GgbwK hw` Avgiv †Lv` eyLvix‡K †`wL, Z‡e †`Le †h, m‡e©v”P gh©v`v I m~² we‡k−lY m‡Ë¡I mgKvjxb NUbvejx I ev —e AwfÁZv mg~n cÖgvY K‡i †h, Zuvi M„nxZ nv`xQ mg~n Qnxn bq, †Kej ivex‡`i mgv‡jvPbvq Zuvi „wó wbe× ivLvi Kvi‡YÕ|18 Avngv` Avgx‡bi GB gš—e¨ †h wbR©jv wg_¨v eis gynvwÏQ weØvbM‡Yi wei“‡× wbQK Acev`, GK_v DQ~‡j nv`x‡Qi mvaviY QvÎI Lei iv‡Lb| eis ejv P‡j †h, Dc‡iv³ gš—e¨ Zuvi wbR¯ M‡elYvcÖm~Z bq; eis Zuvi AbymiYxq wLªóvb cwÊZM‡Yi gš—‡e¨i AbyKiY gvÎ| †hgb cÖvP¨we` M¨vób IqvU e‡jb, nv`xQ kv ¿we`MY nv`xQ m¤ú©‡K Mfxi M‡elYv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ †m¸wj wQj me ivex I mb‡`i mgv‡jvPbvgyLx| .....Zuviv ÔgZ‡bÕi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ibwbÕ| D³ cÖvP¨we` wLªóvb cwʇZi e³e¨ Avi gymwjg cwÊZ Wt Avngv` Avgx‡bi e³‡e¨ I gš—‡e¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| Wt Avngv` Avgx‡bi †Q‡j Ôûmv‡qbÕ wcZvi †P‡q AviI GKavc

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�0�LA�� eB‡qi g‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi g~jbxwZmg~n I we‡kl K‡i mybœv‡Z beex m¤ú©‡K Zxeª wnsmvZ¥K e³e¨mg~n mwbœ‡ewkZ K‡i‡Qb| D³ eBwU 1984 mv‡j Kvq‡iv‡Z AbywôZ Avš—R©vwZK eB cÖ k©bx‡Z Ô†kªô eBÕ wnmv‡e cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i‡Q|

D³ eB‡q wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvngv` Avgxb Avgv‡`i Dc‡i ÔQvjvZÕ-‡K ÔdihÕ K‡i hvbwb| wZwb †Pv‡ii nvZ KvUv Hmgq wm× g‡b Ki‡Zb, hLb †Lvjv gq`v‡b †Kvb cw_‡Ki wbKU †_‡K Pzwi Kiv nq| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b GwU †Kvb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Aciva wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ n‡”Q bv| AZGe eZ©gvb Ae ’vq GB ûKzg Aek¨B cwieZ©b Kiv DwPZÕ|

18. W. Avngv` Avgxb, dvRi“j Bmjvg (wgmi : 1975) c„t 217-218|

24 24 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv gwnjv‡`i c ©v m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb, db���� Y�b� �f� ?�kZ!� ���

Ôc ©vi m‡½ Bmjv‡gi †Kvb m¤úK© †bBÕ.....| Giƒc eû A‡kvfb I Ab_©K K_vq f‡i Av‡Q c„w_exi Kw_Z H Ô†kªô MÖš’wUÕ! Wt Avngv` Avgx‡bi Av‡iK Abymvix cwÊZ BmgvCj Av`nvg 1353 wnRix‡Z cÖKvwkZ Y;���  0��1 �� bvgK wbe‡Ü e‡jb, Qnxn MÖš’mg~‡n †hme nv`xQ wjwce× Av‡Q, †mm‡ei wfwË gheyZ bq, eis m‡›`nc~Y© Ges †mm‡ei g‡a¨ Rvj nIqvi †`vlvejx AMÖMY¨Õ ) �9�� j�-L/ VT [��s��� Y'� �9�!� z!u0$( | 3. gvng~ Avey ivBqvn

GB cwÊZ e¨w³ mybœv‡Z beex †Zv e‡UB mivmwi QvnvexM‡Yi cÖwZ wnsmvcivqY| we‡kl K‡i gymwjg D¤§vn †h gnvb Qvnvexi wbKU †_‡K me‡P‡q †ekx nv`xQ jvf K‡i‡Q, nv`x‡Qi †kªô nv‡dh Qvnvex Avey ûivqiv (ivt)-Gi Dc‡iB Zvi †µva me‡P‡q †ekx| ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi LvQ †`vÔAvcÖvß I Avj−vn&i we‡kl ingZ cÖvß Abycg PwiÎ gvay‡h©i AwaKvix GB gvbylwU‡K Kvwjgvwjß Kivi Rb¨ wgmixq cwÊZ Zvi

GKwU eB‡qi bvg Zvw”Qj¨f‡i †i‡L‡Qb q�0�T ��� q�\��  �` ÔghxivnÕ Lv‡`¨i f¶K Avey ûivqivÕ| Avey ûivqiv (ivt) D³ Lv`¨wU cm›` Ki‡Zb e‡j QvÔAvjvex I e`xÔDh&hvgvb nvgvhvbx cÖgyL eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| hw`I GBme mvwnwZ¨K‡`i gva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ D³ eY©bvi †Kvb weï× wfwË †bBÕ|19

Abyiƒcfv‡e Zvi iwPZ ;��� �!� m��s�Y0*6¡� Y eB‡qi g‡a¨I nv`xQ I

Avey ûivqiv (ivt)-Gi wei“‡× Zxeª we‡lv˜Mvi K‡i‡Qb| mybœx bvgavix GB cwÊZ g~jZt kxÔAv wQ‡jb| hv Zvi †jLbx‡Z ¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq| 19. W. gyQZ¡dv Avm-mvevC, Avm-mybœvn (ˆei“Z : Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 4_© ms¯‹iY 1405/

1985) c„t 335|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 25 25

Dc‡iv³ gvng~ Avey ivBqvn&i †jLbxmg~n‡K cuywR K‡i Av‡iKRb

cwÊZ mvBwq` Qv‡jn AveyeKi GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib, hvi bvg m��s4��9;/ 5��JB�� �9Q1$ Y�!�¢����� �0=��4� ���.)� � Y�:I�<�� ÔBmªvCjx nv`xQmg~n‡K Svo– †`Iqvi Rb¨ Ges eyLvix‡K Hme †_‡K cweÎ Kivi Rb¨ KziAvbx †R¨vwZmg~nÕ| D³ eB‡q wZwb Qnxn eyLvixi 100 wU nv`xQ evQvB K‡i‡Qb, †h¸wj Zvi g‡Z Bû`x‡`i iwPZ Ges Bgvg eyLvix †m¸wj‡K Qnxn mve¨ — K‡i‡Qb (bvEhywej−vn) I ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi w`‡K m¤Ü K‡i‡Qb| Zvi GB evQvB‡qi Rb¨ wZwb cÖvgvY¨ `jxj wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb wbK…óZg nv`xQ ykgb gvng~ Avey ivBqvn&i eBmg~n‡K|

Abyiƒc Av‡iKRb cwÊZ Avngv` hvKx Avey kv`x, whwb ¯xq eB q��ldb��� (ÔBmjv‡gi wec−eÕ c„t 44)-†q e‡jb,

YZ��x Y;���$ �0*M� z.) ��£$ 5��JB��$ Y>�/ ��� �;� @ET �S �9.B�: Vs�: %$ [<A�� �9.Z� [B<0 R� �-� % ��B|�$ �0=��2� �^�4� ¤;��$ �6!���$ db���� Y0�J��� �S ��*0 �9B!v�$ ������

�� p��A��$H ÔGB †h mybvb Beby gvRvn I eyLvix ev nv`xQ I mybœvn&i wKZvemg~n, hv nv`xQ I Leimg~n Øviv cwic~Y©, Áv‡bi c‡¶ G¸wji weï×Zv †g‡b †bqv m¤¢e bq| G¸wj‡K ivm~‡ji w`‡K m¤Ü Ki‡Z Avgiv ivhx bB| eis G¸wji AwaKvskB Bmjvg, gymjgvb I gnvb bexi cÖwZ VvÆvi w`‡K Avnevb K‡i| ÔAvgiv Gme †_‡K Avj−vn&i Avkªq PvBÕ|

Dc‡iv³ cwÊZMY QvovI gy³eyw× Bmjvgx wPš—vwe` bv‡g L¨vZ AviI †ek K‡qKRb e¨w³ Av‡Qb, hviv †PZ‡b ev Ae‡PZ‡b ey‡S ev bv ey‡S cÖvPxb ev AvaywbK nv`xQ ykgb‡`i PUK`vi hyw³ev‡`i Là‡i c‡o Bmjv‡gi bv‡gB Bmjv‡gi g~j —¤¢ nv`xQ kv‡ ¿i cÖvgvwYKZvi wei“‡×

26 26 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Ae ’vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, hv Zv‡`i †jLbx mg~n Øviv ¯úófv‡e dz‡U I‡V|

HmKj e¨w³ I Zv‡`i eBmg~‡ni K‡qKwU wbgœiƒc :

1. Wt Avjx nvmvb Avãyj Kv‡`i V/b��� #<'��  0��1 ¥ Y/�� q�^: ÔBmjvgx wdK¡‡ni BwZnv‡mi Dc‡i mvaviY „wócvZÕ|

2. kvqL gynv¤§` ÔBgvivn q*����$ db��� ÔBmjvg I HK¨Õ| 3. gynv¤§v` Avj-Mvhvjx �0*M� [T�$ #<'�� [T� �� Y0�B;�� Y;��� Ômybœv‡Z beex : wdK¡nwe` I nv`xQwe`M‡Yi ga¨Lv‡bÕ|

4. gynv¤§` Avngv` Lvjvdzj−vn V/b��� �*A�� ÔBmjvgx b¨vqbxwZÕ| 5. Wt nvmvb †Zvivex V/b��� *0*k.��  0��1 ÔBmjvgx ms¯‹viev‡`i BwZnvmÕ| Abyiƒcfv‡e Wt Avãyj nvgx` gyZvIqvj−x gZ †cvlY K‡ib †h, ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ ch©vqfy³ nv`xQmg~n Øviv †Kvb weavbMZ ûKzg mve¨ — n‡e bvÕ| A‡b¨iv e‡jb, Gm‡ei Øviv †Kvb Ôû ~ Õ ev kvw — weavb mve¨ — Kiv hv‡e bv| Ab¨ GKRb cwÊZ kvqL kvjZ~Z ÔQnxnÕ I ÔgyZvIqvwZiÕ nv`xQ mg~‡ni wei“‡× wM‡q †kl hvgvbvq Cmv (Avt)-Gi AeZiY m¤úwK©Z AvK¡x`v‡K A¯xKvi K‡ib| Ab¨ GKRb cwÊZ nvgv` mvC`vb gZ †cvlY K‡ib †h, †kl w`‡Ki msKjb¸wj‡Z ykgbiv Qnxn eyyLvix‡Z eû gIh~ ev Rvj nv`xQ Ry‡o w`‡q‡QÕ| e ‘Zt GK_v e‡j wZwb wb‡R‡K AÁ I nv`xQ ykgb‡`i KvZv‡i kvwgj K‡i‡Qb| Ggwbfv‡e wZwb Zuvi †Kvb †Kvb eB‡q Kei Avhv‡ei me©m¤§Z AvK¡x`vi e¨vcv‡iI m‡›`n †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| †h welqwU gyÔZvwhjvMY e¨ZxZ †Kvb gymjgvb A¯xKvi K‡iwb|

Wt nvmvb †Zvivex e¨wfPvix‡K cv_i †g‡i nZ¨v Kivi `Ê, Cmv (Avt)-Gi AeZiY cÖf„wZ‡K A¯xKvi K‡ib| GZبZxZ Zuvi eBmg~‡n i‡q‡Q fqsKi åvwš—mg~n| A_P GB e¨w³ m~ v‡b kixÔAvZx AvBb Kv‡qg Kivi Rb¨ †mv”Pvi| Rvwbbv mybœv‡Z beex‡K ev` w`‡q Ges nv`xQ kv ¿‡K A¯xKvi K‡i wZwb Kvi kixÔAvZ †`‡k cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Pvb|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 27 27

Avie we‡k¦i bvgKiv mvwnwZ¨K‡`i g‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi I Bmjv‡gi bexi wei“‡× whwb mePvB‡Z bMœ nvgjv Pvwj‡q‡Qb, wZwb nÕ‡jb wgm‡ii AÜ mvwnwZ¨K I mgv‡jvPK Wt Z¡nv ûmvBb (1307-1393 wnt/1889-1973 L„t)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi D”P gh©v`vi Dc‡i AvNvZ †n‡b Zuvi

wjwLZ eB q���� ¦/�T �!� (ÔPwi‡Îi Av‡k cv‡kÕ)-Gi 50 c„ôvq z�BM� �S z�BM� ��` ÔwcÖqZ‡gi cÖwZ wcÖqZ‡gi AvK©lYÕ wk‡ivbv‡g D¤§yj gyÕ‡gbxb hvqbve web‡Z Rvn‡ki mv‡_ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi weev‡ni NUbv AZ¨š— bMœ fvlvq †ck K‡i‡Qb| yf©v‡M¨i welq †h, GB eBwU wgmixq wk¶v gš¿Yvjq †m †`‡ki D”P gva¨wgK †kªYx‡Z cvV¨cy —K wnmv‡e ZvwjKvfy³ K‡i‡Q|

Pvj©m WviDB‡bi (1809-1882) weeZ©bev‡`i AÜ mg_©K I bvw —K¨ev`x `k©‡bi Abymvix Ab¨Zg wgmixq mvwnwZ¨K bvRxe gvnd‚h (1911-2006) m¤¢eZt Bmjvg m¤ú©‡K Zuvi KcU †jLbxi cyi¯‹vi wnmv‡eB 1988 mv‡j Avš—R©vwZK Ô†bv‡ejÕ cÖvB‡R f~wlZ n‡qwQ‡jb| hvi wel yó eB mg~n GLb evRv‡i eûj cÖPwjZ| evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK e¨w³ Zvi cÖksmvq gy³K”Q|

fviZxq ¯‹zj )��G� ��$�2(

1. m¨vi ˆmq` Avngv` Lvb (1817-1898 L„t) Avie we‡k¦ wgmixq cwÊZ gydZx gynv¤§v` Ave yû (1849-1905 L„t) I Zuvi Abymvix‡`i wdrbvi mgmvgwqK Kv‡j fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k m¨vi ˆmq` Avngv` Lvb I Zuvi cÖwZwôZ ÔAvjxMo gymwjg wek¦we`¨vjqÕ GB wdrbvi m~wZKvMvi wnmv‡e MY¨ nq|

Wt Avngv` Avgx‡bi fvlvq ¥ @*B� *6�  �L��� §�` #B`� *;�� ¥ �T ��/ Ôwgm‡i gydZx gynv¤§v` Ave yû-i b¨vq wZwb wQ‡jb fvi‡ZÕ| wZwb e‡jb, Y�!<A�� �b�S �¨*;� �b���$ ÔZv‡`i yÕR‡bi ms¯‹vi Kvh© wQj hyw³ev` wfwËK ms¯‹viÕ|

28 28 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv ˆmq` Avngv` Lvb hw`I fvi‡Z Bs‡iR kvm‡bi mg_©K wQ‡jb|

Z_vwc wZwb Zv‡`i L„óvbxKi‡Yi Zxeª we‡ivax wQ‡jb| wZwb Zv‡`i wei“‡× I Bmjv‡gi c‡¶ †Rviv‡jv Kjgx hy× Pvwj‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ G‡¶‡Î wZwb KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi PvB‡Z gvbwZK¡ I hyw³ev‡`i Dc‡i AwaK wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi Ávb Zuvi Bj&‡gi PvB‡Z †ekx wQj| KziAv‡bi hyw³ wfwËK Zvdmxi Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb gš—e¨ K‡ib, ÔKziAvb hLb mwVKfv‡e eySv hv‡e, ZLb Zv Áv‡bi mv‡_ wg‡j hv‡e|..... AZGe Ávb I i“wPi Av‡jv‡K Zvdmxi Kiv IqvwReÕ| Gi d‡j wZwb Zuvi Ávb I i“wP we‡ivax eû AvqvZ I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi fyj A_© I ~iZg Zvexj K‡i‡Qb| Ávb †gvZv‡eK bv nIqvq wZwb bex‡`i gyÔ‡Rhv‡K A¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb Ges eû Qnxn nv`xQ‡K wZwb cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi AvK¡x`vmg~‡ni wQ‡U‡duvUv wbgœiƒc :

(1) ü`‡qi wek¦vm‡KB gvÎ Cgvb ejv nq| hw` †KD ü`‡q Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ †cvlY K‡i, †m e¨w³ gywgb| hw`I †m Ab¨ a‡g©i evwn¨K wb`k©bvw`i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ iv‡L| †hgb wn› y‡`i b¨vq Mjvq I eM‡ji bxP w`‡q ˆcZv Szjv‡bv, Bû`x-L„óvb I gR~mx‡`i b¨vq †Kvg‡i †eë ev wkKj cwiavb Kiv wKsev Mjvq µzk (ev Zvi m „k e ‘) Szjv‡bv, Zv‡`i c~Rv- cve©Y, eo w`b BZ¨vw` Drmevw`‡Z †hvM`vb Kiv (2) ÔbeyAZÕ DbœZ Pwi‡Îi GKwU „p ¯fveMZ ¶gZvi bvg (3) bex‡`i gyÔ‡Rhv Zuv‡`i beyA‡Zi cÖgv‡Yi Aš—fy©³ bq (4) KziAvb DbœZ fvlv I AjsKv‡ii Rb¨ WkA/ ev nZeyw×Kvix bq; eis †n`vqvZ I wk¶vmg~‡ni Kvi‡Y (5) KziAv‡bi †Kvb AvqvZ kãMZ, A_©MZ ev ûKygMZ †Kvb w`K w`‡qB Ôgvbm~LÕ ev ûKzg iwnZ bq (6) Avmgvbx †Kvb wKZv‡e KL‡bvB †Kvb ÔZvnixdÕ ev kvwãK cwieZ©b nqwb (7) ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi cieZx© LjxdvMY ÔbeyA‡Zi cÖwZwbwaÕ bb BZ¨vw`|

Zuvi GB Kíbvwbf©i AwZ hyw³ev`x a¨vb-aviYv eû wejvmx cwʇZi g‡bvRM‡Z bvov †`q Ges ZvivI GKB c_ a‡i nv`xQ A¯xKv‡ii †Pviv c_ †e‡Q †bb| †hgb †gŠjex †PivM Avjx, Avãyj−vn PKovjex, Avngv` Øxb Ag„Zmix cÖgyL cwÊZ cÖKv‡k¨ ej‡Z _v‡Kb †h, Øxbx welqmg~‡n KziAvbB h‡_ó, nv`x‡Qi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Z‡e †h¸wj Zv‡`i cÖe„wËi AbyK~‡j nÕZ, †m¸wj‡K Zviv MÖnY Ki‡Zb|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 29 29

2. †PivM Avjx ˆmq` Avngv` Lv‡bi wPš—vavivi Abymvix †gŠjex †PivM Avjx e‡jb, ÔmZ¨-wg_¨vi gvb`Ê wnmv‡e nv`x‡Qi weï×Zv hvPvB‡qi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †Kbbv P~ovš— wePv‡i nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i fimv Kiv m¤¢e bqÕ| 3. Avãyj−vn PKovjex ‰mq` Avngv` Lv‡bi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q Bwb 1902 wLªóv‡ã jv‡nv‡i nv`xQ A¯xKv‡ii Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡ib Ges †ek wKQz eB iPbv K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, Ô†jv‡Kiv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Dc‡i wg_¨v‡ivc K‡i‡Q Ges Zvi bv‡g nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡QÕ| wZwb Zuvi `jxq †jvK‡`i Rb¨ Qvjv‡Zi bZzb wbqg-wewa Rvwi K‡ib Ges e‡jb †h, Avhvb I GK¡vgZ †`Iqv we`ÔAvZ| G ai‡bi AviI wKQz we`ÔAvZx wbqg wZwb Pvjy K‡ib| 4. gywneŸyj nK Avhxgvev`x ‰mq` Avngv` Lv‡bi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q Bwb cvUbv‡Z BbKv‡i nv`x‡Qi Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡ib, †hgb Avãyj−vn PKovjex jv‡nv‡i Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡ib| 5. bvhxi Avngv` †`njfx Aviex fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi h‡_ó `Lj wQj| wZwb nv`x‡Qi ivex‡`i m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, ÔGiv g~L©| Giv nv`x‡Qi Zvrch© ey‡S bvÕ| wZwb e„× eq‡m KziAvb †ndh K‡ib Ges D ~© fvlvq KziAv‡bi ZiRgv I Zvdmxi K‡ib| D³ Zvdmx‡ii g‡a¨ wZwb AMÖvn¨ K_v mg~n f‡i w`‡q‡Qb| 6. Avngv` Øxb Ag„Zmix Avãyj−vn PKovjexi mn‡hvMx GB e¨w³ c~e© cvÄv‡ei Ag„Zm‡i BbKv‡i nv`x‡Qi Av‡›`vj‡b †Rviv‡jv f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| ÔAvj-D¤§vZzj BmjvwgqvnÕ (Bmjvgx `j) bvgK `‡ji wZwb cÖwZôvZv| 7. GbvqvZzj−vn gvk‡iK¡x

jʇbi †KgeªxR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wWMÖxavix GB cwÊZ DMÖ AvaywbKZvi SvÊv DÇxb K‡ib I mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi c_ †_‡K wePz Z nb| wZwb

30 30 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Av‡jg‡`i †_‡K I Zuv‡`i Abym„Z Bmjvg †_‡K wb‡R‡K wegy³ †NvlYv

K‡ib| wZwb nv`xQ †_‡K m¤úK© wQbœ K‡ib Ges Zvi eBmg~‡n Øx‡bi g~jbxwZmg~‡ni e¨vcv‡i we ª“c K‡ib| wZwb ïaygvÎ KziAv‡bi wfwˇZ Rxeb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ mg~n ˆZix K‡ib Ges GRb¨ 10 wU DQ~j ev g~jbxwZ wba©viY K‡ib I aviYv K‡ib †h, G¸wjB nÕj KziAv‡bi mvie ‘ I wimvjv‡Zi g~j K_v|

8. K¡vhx gynv¤§v` kdxÔ

nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© Zvi †jLbxmg~‡n eû wePy wZ i‡q‡Q| †hgb wZwb e‡jb, Ôeû nv`xQ Ggb i‡q‡Q, hv †hŠb mvwn‡Z¨i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ iv‡LÕ (bvEhywej−vn)|

9. Avmjvg RqivRcyix

nv`xQ A¯xKviKvix‡`i g‡a¨ Dcgnv‡`‡k kxl© ’vbxq‡`i Ab¨Zg| Bwb nv`xQ A¯xKviKvix‡`i †bZv †Mvjvg Avngv` cvi‡fh-Gi cÖavb mn‡hvMx, eis D —vh wQ‡jb| BwbB nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× Zvi bó wPš—vaviv mg~n ÔgvK¡v‡g nv`xQÕ (nv`x‡Qi ’vb) bv‡g D ~©‡Z yÕL‡Ê eB AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡ib|

10. †Mvjvg Avngv` cvi‡fh

ÔAvn‡j KziAvbÕ (KziAv‡bi Abymvix) bvgK nv`xQ we‡ivax msMV‡bi

cÖwZôvZv GB e¨w³ Zvi msMV‡bi gyLcÎ ÔZzj~ÔG BmjvgÕ ( ������ ev Bmjv‡gi D`q) bvgK cwÎKvi gva¨‡g Ges nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× eû eB I cyw —Kv cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g BbKv‡i nv`x‡Qi Av‡›`vj‡b AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi Bj&‡g AÁ KwZcq Bs‡iRx wkw¶Z cwÊZ weRvZxq fvev`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ n‡q Zvi mv‡_ HK¨e× n‡q nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× me©vZ¥K ykgbx ïi“ K‡ib| Zv‡`i cÖwZcv`¨ welq nÕj : AvaywbK hy‡M cÖvPxb hy‡Mi †d‡j Avmv nv`x‡Qi AbymiY evwZj|Õ

Wt gynv¤§v` gyQZ¡dv AvÔhgx e‡jb, cÖvPxb I AvaywbK hy‡Mi mKj gybwK‡i nv`xQ QvjvZ, hvKvZ, n¾ BZ¨vw` dihmg~n I Gm‡ei wΓqvbyôvbmg~n Keyj K‡i wb‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ÔAvn‡j KziAvbÕ MÖ“c Ggb

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 31 31

KÆi nv`xQ ykgb †h, Zviv Gme me©Rb M„nxZ Bev`Z mg~n‡KI A¯xKvi K‡i‡Q| Zviv e‡j †h, ÔKziAvb Avgv‡`i evievi Qvjv‡Zi I hvKv‡Zi ûKzg K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e cybi“w³ bv K‡i Avj−vn B”Qv Ki‡j Gm‡ei e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡Zb Ges ej‡Z cvi‡Zb Ô†Zvgiv †hvni, AvQi I Gkv Pvi ivKÔAvZ, gvMwie wZb ivKÔAvZ I dRi yÕivKÔAvZ co; wKš‘ wZwb Gme e‡jbwb| AZGe AvbyôvwbKfv‡e QvjvZ, hvKvZ, wQqvg, n¾ BZ¨vw` Bev`‡Zi †Kvb eva¨evaKZv †bBÕ|

G‡ZB eySv hvq, Zviv nv`x‡Qi we‡ivwaZvq KZ ~i †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q| Zviv ey‡S bv †h, KziAvb I nv`xQ Df‡qi eY©bvKvix nÕ‡jb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Ges Df‡qi evnK I cÖPviK nÕ‡jb Qvnvev‡q †Kivg| Zviv nv`xQ‡K A¯xKvi K‡i c‡iv¶fv‡e ivm~j‡KB A¯xKvi K‡i‡Q (bvEhywej−vn)|

nv`xQ ykgb‡`i D³ KvZv‡i AMÖYx‡`i g‡a¨ D ~© cwÎKv ÔbyKviÕ (���-�: Ôwb®‹„wZÕ)-Gi m¤úv`K wbqvh d‡Zncyix Ges BbKv‡i nv`xQ wel‡q wewfbœ cyw —Kvi †jLK †Mvjvg Rxjvbx evi&K¡ wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg| nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZvi wei“‡× Zv‡`i eû åvwš—Ki I AgvR©bxq †jLbxmg~n i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Zviv Df‡q g„Zz i c~‡e© ZIev K‡i †M‡Qb (Avj−vn Zv‡`i ZIev Keyj Ki“b!)| wKš‘ †h mKj †jLbx Zv‡`i †ewi‡q †M‡Q20, hv

20. wbqvh d‡Zncyix iwPZ D`©~ ÔQvnvweqvZÕ eBwU Ôgwnjv mvnvexÕ bv‡g evsjvq Abyev` K‡i‡Qb

Rbve †Mvjvg †mvenvb wmwÏKx| cÖKvkK : Avj-dvjvn cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv| †hLv‡b 14 Rb gwnjv Qvnvexi Rxebx Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvPbvq †jLK Zuvi D‡Ïk¨ wVK †i‡L‡Qb| †hgb gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi Rxebx Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ÔGKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g wZwb e‡jb, wZwb (A_©vr Av‡qkv (ivt) hv wKQz ej‡Zb, †h e¨vL¨v Ki‡Zb, Zv wQj m¤ú~Y© eyw×e„wËK Ges hyw³ wbf©i| Zuvi Ggb eY©bv Lye KgB cvIqv hv‡e, hv wek¦vm Kivi Rb¨ A‡nZzK e¨vL¨vi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o|.... wZwb wQ‡jb AÜ AbyKi‡Yi †Nvi we‡ivax| ivm~‡j †Lv`vi K_v I Kv‡Ri mwZ¨Kvi Zvrc‡h© DcbxZ nIqvi Rb¨ me© v †Póv Ki‡Zb wZwb| kixq‡Z me‡P‡q hyw³hy‡³i AbyeZ©‡bi †h cÖej aviv Zvi eY©bv †_‡K cÖwZfvZ nq, Zv mvaviYZt Ab¨ Kv‡iv eY©bvq cwijw¶Z nq bvÕ (gwnjv mvnvex c„t 65)|

cvVK! wbðqB eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb †h, †jLK GLv‡b gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi hyw³ev`x †gav‡KB AMÖMY¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi nv`xQ AbymiY‡K bq| A_P Avjx (ivt) e‡j‡Qb, hw` Øxb gvby‡li ÔivqÕ ev Ávb †gvZv‡eK nÕZ, ZvnÕ‡j †gvhvi bx‡P gvmvn Kiv DËg nÕZ †gvhvi Dc‡i gvmvn Kivi PvB‡ZÕ (Avey`vE` nv/162 ÔgvmvnÕ Aby‡”Q` bs 63)| wbtm‡›`‡n Bmjvg Ávb I hyw³ev`x a©g| wKš‘ ZvB e‡j Zvi mewKQzB me© v mK‡ji hyw³ I Ávb †gvZv‡eK n‡e, GgbwU KL‡bvB bq| †Kbbv gvby‡li Ávb mevi mgvb bq Ges Avj−vn&i Áv‡bi mv‡_ gvby‡li Ávb

32 32 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv †jvK‡`i Rb¨ ’vqx åvwš—i Drm n‡q Av‡Q, †m¸wj c‡o †hb †Kvb Aí

eyw× †jvK weåvš— bv nb, †mw`‡K myax cvVK gn‡ji „wó AvKl©Y KiwQ|

nv`xQ we‡ivax‡`i Awf‡hvMmg~n )����� H�A�2 I�,�J(

nv`xQ we‡ivax cwÊZM‡Yi Awf‡hvMmg~n cÖavbZt cuvPwU| hv g~jZt gyÔZvwhjv cwÊZ‡`i c¶ †_‡K DÌvwcZ n‡qwQj| †mLvb †_‡K AvaywbK cÖvP¨we`MY wb‡q‡Qb| AZtci †mLvb †_‡K AvaywbK Bmjvgx wPš—vwe` bv‡g L¨vZ wKQz gymwjg cwÊZ bKj K‡i‡Qb| wb‡gœ G¸wji mvi-ms‡¶c cÖ Ë nÕj :

(1) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Avg‡j nv`xQmg~n wjwce× nqwb|

(2) QvnvexMY nv`xQ †jLvi e¨vcv‡i ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wb‡lavÁvi Zvrch© mwVKfv‡e ey‡SwQ‡jb e‡jB Zuviv nv`xQ wjwce× K‡ibwb|

(3) ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi g„Zz i GKkZ ermi c‡i cÖ_g nv`xQ msKwjZ nq| c‡i Zv nvwi‡q hvq| AZtci Z…Zxq kZvãx wnRix‡Z G‡m †jvK‡`i gyL †_‡K ï‡b Zv cybivq wjwce× Kiv nq|

(4) Rvj nv`xQmg~n Qnxn nv`xQmg~‡ni mv‡_ wg‡k hvq| hv c‡i c„_K Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|

(5) gynvwÏQ weØvbMY nv`xQ evQvB‡qi †h me gvb`Ê wbav©iY K‡i‡Qb, Zvi mg —UvB mb` I ivex‡`i mgv‡jvPbvq †K› ªxf~Z| gZ‡bi (Text) Avmj-bKj hvPvB‡qi cÖwZ Zuviv h_vh_ bhi †`bwb|

A_P D³ Awf‡hvM¸wji meB wg_¨v| eis m~‡h©i gy‡L ayjv wQUv‡bvi kvwgj| nv`xQ kv‡ ¿i GKRb mvaviY cvVKI Gme K_vi Reve w`‡Z cv‡ib|

Zzjbxq bq| AZGe †PvL-Kvb †Lvjv †i‡L Gme †jLK‡`i eB co‡Z n‡e| bB‡j wb‡Ri ARv‡š—B G‡`i cvZv‡bv duv‡` AvU‡K covi mg~n m¤¢vebv †_‡K hv‡e| -†jLK|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 33 33

nv`xQ we‡ivax‡`i hyw³mg~n )������� H�A�2 ��( 1. KziAvb mKj wel‡q we —vwiZ e¨vL¨v †ck K‡i‡Q| †hgb Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb, ��/ ��;(x&��� V�� �?��.�-(�� ��/ �m V� ÔAvgiv wKZv‡e †Kvb wKQz

QvwowbÕ (AvbÔAvg 6/38)| Ab¨Î Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb, ��;(�&W�:�$ �X ��!�� �?��.�-(�� �]:��� B�1 g[�-�� �m V� ÔAvi Avgiv Avcbvi Dc‡i KziAvb bvwhj K‡iwQ

(gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRbxq) mKj wel‡qi c~Y©v½ e¨vL¨v wnmv‡eÕ (bvnj 16/89)| AZGe nv`x‡Qi cÖ‡qvRb †bB (hvIqv‡eÔ c„t 319)|

cÖ_g Avqv‡Zi ÔwKZveÕ A_© nÕj, ÔjI‡n gvnd‚hÕ| †hLv‡b Avj−vn gvby‡li Øxb- ywbqvi cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj welq wjwce× K‡i †i‡L‡Qb, wKQzB Qv‡obwb ev wjL‡Z fy‡jb wb|

wØZxq Avqv‡Zi c~Y©v½ e¨vL¨vB nÕj ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi 23 eQ‡ii `xN© beyAZx Rxeb| huvi K_v, Kg© I m¤§wZ mg~n Ônv`xQÕ wnmv‡e

D¤§‡Zi wbKU gIRy i‡q‡Q| Avj−vn e‡jb, ��/�$ ���)��1I ���&����� $�E�J���@ ��/�$ ��)��9�: �# ;�� ��9�. :���� ÔAvgvi ivm~j †Zvgv‡`i hv cÖ vb K‡ib, Zv MÖnY

Ki Ges hv wb‡la K‡ib, Zv †_‡K weiZ nIÕ (nvki 59/7)| GLv‡b ÔcÖ vb K‡ibÕ A_© ÔAv‡`k K‡ibÕ (Beby KvQxi)| †hgb ÔAvãyj K¡v‡qmÕ †Mv‡Îi cÖwZwbwa `j ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡Q G‡j wZwb Zv‡`i‡K PviwU wel‡q Av‡`k K‡ib I PviwU welq wbwl× K‡ib| AZtci wZwb D³

AvqvZwU cvV K‡ib|21 Ab¨ nv`x‡Q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, ��p�S�$ ��-�1 ��/�� �� /�2�� ���1(2�� �# ;�/ ��/ ��. A�Q�. �� ��/�$ ��-�. ��9�: ;���# �B�;�. >��� ��@ ÔhLb Avwg †Zvgv‡`i

†Kvb wel‡q Av‡`k †`B, ZLb †Zvgiv Zv mva¨gZ cvjb Ki| Avi hLb †Kvb wel‡q wb‡la Kwi, ZLb Zv †_‡K weiZ nIÕ|22 21. bvmvC nv/5643 ÔcvbxqÕ Aa¨vq 36 Aby‡”Q`; gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/17| 22. gyËvdvK¡ ÔAvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/2505, ÔgvbvwmKÕ Aa¨vq-10|

34 34 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv GK`v Avãyj−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt) nv`xQ ïbv‡jb, ���A�� "� �7��6� ���(��

�7��6�L�1��6(���$ �7���F6�;�.�6(���$ �kg!�'�.�6(���$�7� �� ��Z(!�� �7���F��u�6(�� �P(!�| ��

ÔAvj−vn jvÔbZ K‡i‡Qb H mg — bvixi cÖwZ hviv A‡b¨i kix‡i Dwé AsKb K‡i, wbR kix‡i Dwé AsKb Kivq, hviv †mŠ›`‡h©i Rb¨ å“i Pzj Dc‡o †d‡j I uv‡Zi gv‡S duvK m„wó K‡i| †h me bvix Avj−vn&i m„wó‡Z weK…wZ Avbqb K‡i|Õ GK_v eby Avmv‡`i R‰bKv gwnjv D‡¤§ BqvK‚‡ei wbKU †cuŠQ‡j wZwb Beby gvmE‡`i wbK‡U G‡m ej‡jb, Avcwb wK Giƒc K_v e‡j‡Qb? Beby gvmE` ej‡jb, Avwg †Kb Zv‡K jvÔbZ Kie bv, hv‡K Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) jvÔbZ K‡i‡Qb Ges hv Avj−vn&i wKZv‡e i‡q‡Q? ZLb gwnjvwU ejj, Avgvi Kv‡Q iw¶Z KziAv‡bi †Kv_vI GK_v cvBwb| Rev‡e Beby gvmE` ej‡jb, hw` Zzwg KziAvb fvjfv‡e co, ZvnÕ‡j cv‡e| Zzwg wK †`Lwb Avj−vn

e‡j‡Qb, ��/�$ ���)��1I ���&����� $�E�J���@... ÔAvgvi ivm~j †Zvgv‡`i hv

Av‡`k K‡ib, Zv MÖnY Ki ... (nvki 59/7)| ZLb gwnjvwU ejj, nuv| Beby gvmE` ej‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Avgv‡`i‡K D³ Kv‡R wb‡la K‡i‡QbÕ| ZLb gwnjvwU ejj, Avgvi aviYv Avcbvi cwiev‡i Giƒc Av‡Q| Beby gvmE` ej‡jb, hvI †`‡L Av‡mv| gwnjvwU wfZ‡i wM‡q †Zgb wKQz bv †c‡q wd‡i Gj| ZLb Beby gvmE` (ivt) ej‡jb, hw` Giƒc _vKZ, ZvnÕ‡j Zzwg Avgv‡`i yÕRb‡K (¯vgx- ¿x‡K) GK‡Î †c‡Z bv (A_©vr ZvjvK n‡q †hZ)Õ|23

†gvUK_v mybœvn&i gva¨‡gB KziAvb �§ �� g[�-�� �]:��� B�1 ÔmKj wel‡qi c~Y©v½ e¨vL¨vÕ n‡q‡Q| AZGe nv`xQ e¨ZxZ KziAvb AbymiY Kiv m¤¢e bq|

2. KziAvb Avj−vn mnR K‡i‡Qb| AZGe nv`x‡Qi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †hgb Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb, *�<���$ ��: �&��0 �RI ��<(�� ��()gE!�� ([�9�� ��/ ���)&*�/ ÔAvgiv

KziAvb‡K mnR K‡iwQ Dc‡`k jv‡fi Rb¨| AZGe Dc‡`k MÖnYKvix †KD Av‡Q wK? (K¡vgvi 54/17, 22, 32, 40)|

23. gyËvdvK¡ ÔAvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/4431, Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq-22, ÔPzj AuvPov‡bvÕ Aby‡”Q`-3|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 35 35

DËi : GLv‡b KziAvb mnR nIqvi A_© nÕj, Gi wk¶v-`x¶v mnR-mij I ev —evqb‡hvM¨| †hgb QvjvZ Kv‡qg Ki, hvKvZ `vI, wQqvg ivL, n¾ Ki| wcZvgvZvi mv‡_ mبenvi Ki| Ab¨vq I Ak−xjZv nÕ‡Z ~‡i _vK BZ¨vw`| G¸wj †h‡Kvb KziAvb cvVK mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ KziAvb Abyave‡bi A_© Zv bq| †hgb Avj−vn Ab¨Î

e‡j‡Qb, U?��.�) �@��;(��W :�� �X ����S Uj����B�/ �$��&�&*���� �#�1��0I �� )�E�.�����$ ���$�� �?��B(��2(�� H ÔGB wKZve hv Avgiv Avcbvi wbKU bvwhj K‡iwQ, Zv eiKZgwÊZ| Zv GRb¨ bvwhj K‡iwQ hv‡Z †jv‡Kiv Gi AvqvZmg~n M‡elYv K‡i Ges Ávbxiv G †_‡K Dc‡`k nvwQj K‡iÕ (†Qvqv` 38/29)| wZwb

Ávbx‡`i wZi®‹vi K‡i e‡jb, �b���� �R$��&��*�.�0 �RI ��<(�� d�� ��!�� ��!���? ��9����'(����

Ô†Kb Zviv KziAvb M‡elYv K‡ibv? bvwK Zv‡`i ü`q mg~n Zvjve×?Õ (gynv¤§v` 47/24)| KziAvb M‡elYv I Zvi gg© Abyaveb I †mLvb †_‡K wewa-weavb wba©viY I Dc‡`k Avni‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb KziAv‡bi fvlv I AjsKvi Áv‡b cwic°Zv AR©b Kiv I Ab¨vb¨ hiƒix welqvw`‡Z `¶Zv jvf Kiv| e ‘Zt KziAv‡bi cÖ_g e¨vL¨vZv nÕ‡jb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)| AZtci Qvnvev‡q †Kivg, hv‡`i Kv‡Q wZwb KziAvb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, Gi e¨vL¨v-we‡k−lY K‡i‡Qb, weavbmg~n ev —evqb K‡i‡Qb I Dc‡`k cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| hv wjwce× Av‡Q Ônv`xQÕ I ÔAvQv‡iÕ| AZGe nv`xQ e¨ZxZ KziAvb Abyaveb Kiv m¤¢e bq|

3. Avj−vn †Kej KziAvb †ndvh‡Zi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Qb, nv`x‡Qi bq|

DËi : Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb, �&:�S �� Z�: ��;(�&W�: ��()gE�� �&:�S�$ �#�� �R�� ����Z�� ÔAvgiv whKi bvwhj K‡iwQ Ges AvgivB Gi †ndvhZKvixÕ (wnRi 15/9)| GLv‡b ÔwhKiÕ A_© †hgb ÔKziAvbÕ †Zgwb Ônv`xQÕ| eis c~Y©v½ Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Zi †ndvhZKvix nÕ‡jb Avj−vn| †Kbbv Bmjvg nÕj c~Y©v½ Øxb Ges Zv gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i GKgvÎ g‡bvbxZ ag© (gv‡q`vn 5/3)| AZGe kΓiv hZB Pµvš— Ki“K, G†K aŸsm Kivi ¶gZv Kvi“ †bB| Avj−vn Gi †ndvhZKvix| AZGe ÔwhKiÕ †KejgvÎ KziAvb bq, eis

36 36 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv nv`xQ mn c~Y©v½ kixÔAvZ| Avj−vn e‡jb, �����2 ���� �[ T�� ��()gE�� (R�S ��. ;�) �%

�R��6�! A�1 ÔAZGe †Zvgiv wR‡Ám Ki Ávbx‡`i hw` †Zvgiv bv Rv‡bvÕ (bvnj 16/43)| GLv‡b ÔAvnjyh whKiÕ A_© Avj−vn&i Øx‡b AwfÁ e¨w³|

Ab¨Î Avj−vn e‡jb, �% jF��Z�1 �#�� �X�:����� �[�k A�.�� �#��) wn ( R�S ��; ��!�� �#�A 6�> �#�:I ����$) wN (��p�y�� �@��:(����� ��B&1��� �#�:I ���) w� (&��l R�S ��; ��!�� �#�:�����) w~( ÔAvcwb

ÔAwnÕ AvqZ¡ Kivi Rb¨ ª“Z wRnŸv mÂvjb Ki‡eb bvÕ| ÔwbðqB Zv msi¶Y I cvV Kiv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡`iÕ| ÔAZGe hLb Avgiv (wReªx‡ji gva¨‡g) Zv cvV Kwi, ZLb Avcwb †mB cv‡Vi AbymiY Ki“bÕ| ÔAZtci Gi wek` e¨vL¨vi `vwqZ¡ Avgv‡`iBÕ (wK¡qvgvn 75/16-19)| GLv‡b Ôwek` e¨vL¨vÕ A_© Ônv`xQÕ, hv Awn I Bjnv‡gi gva¨‡g Avj−vn Zuvi bex‡K cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| AZGe KziAvb I nv`xQ yÕwUiB †ndvh‡Zi `vwqZ¡ Avj−vn&i|

Beby nvhg (int) e‡jb, kixÔAvZ AwfÁ weØvbM‡Yi g‡a¨ G wel‡q †Kvb gZ‡f` †bB †h, Avj−vn †cÖwiZ mKj ÔAwnÕ whK‡ii Aš—fy©³ Ges mKj ÔAwnÕ msiw¶Z| wbwðZfv‡eB Avj−vn hv †ndvhZ K‡i _v‡Kb| Avi Avj−vn hvi †ndvh‡Zi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Qb, Zv mKj cÖKvi ¶wZ nÕ‡Z wbivc` Ges hv wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ mKj cÖKvi Zvnixd ev cwieZ©b I evwZjKiY nÕ‡Z gy³|Õ wZwb e‡jb, Ôhviv whKi A_© †mªd ÔKziAvbÕ e‡jb, Zv‡`i G `vex wg_¨v I cÖgvYnxb| eis KziAvb I mybœvn meUvB ÔAwnÕ Ges meUvB whK‡ii Aš—fy©³| †hgb Avj−vn ¯xq bex‡K e‡jb,

��;(��W :���$ �X ����S ��()gE�� ��F��B�.�� �h�&;!�� ��/ ��FW�: ��9 ����S ��9 !�A���$ �0�R$�� -�'�. ÔAvi Avgiv Avcbvi cÖwZ ÔwhKiÕ bvwhj K‡iwQ gvbyl‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i †`Iqvi Rb¨, hv Zv‡`i cÖwZ bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z Zviv wPš—v-M‡elYv K‡iÕ (bvnj 16/44)|

e ‘Zt ivm~j (Qvt) cÖ Ë e¨vL¨v I Zuvi cÖ wk©Z c_B nÕj ÔmybœvnÕ ev Ônv`xQÕ hv Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi ¯§„wZ I †jLbxi gva¨‡g wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ KziAv‡bi b¨vq msiw¶Z n‡q Av‡Q|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 37 37

Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xQ we‡ivax msMVb mg~n

)����G� K$�L�� M-� N ����� N )��A�F� O��(

Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xQ we‡ivax‡`i †K› ª ’j wQj fvi‡Zi AvjxMo, Ag„Zmi cÖf„wZ kni| wKš‘ 1947 mv‡j †`k wefv‡Mi c‡i GwU cvwK —v‡bi jv‡nv‡i ’vbvš—wiZ nq| †mLv‡b e‡m Zviv Bmjv‡gi bv‡g AwR©Z cvwK —v‡bi †bZ…e„›` I Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ weåvwš— m„wó‡Z wjß nq| fvi‡ZI Gi †ik Pj‡Z _v‡K| cvðvZ¨ we‡k¦ Gi AccÖPvi e¨vwß jvf K‡i| D ©~fvlx bv nIqvq evsjvfvlx gymjgvbM‡Yi AwaKvsk G‡`i Kivj _vev †_‡K †eu‡P †M‡Q| wKš‘ BwZg‡a¨ G‡`i Kvi“ Kvi“ eB evsjvfvlvq Abyw`Z n‡q e¨vcKnv‡i cÖPvwiZ nIqvq Zi“Y QvÎ I eyw×Rxex mgv‡Ri A‡b‡K cÖZvwiZ n‡”Qb Ges †`‡k nv`xQ we‡ivax g‡bvfve µ‡g gv_vPvov w`‡”Q|

eZ©gv‡b nv`xQ we‡ivax‡`i K‡qKwU †dK©v cvwK —v‡b msMwVZfv‡e KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| †hgb :

1. Avn‡j KziAvb ��

� ��� �� ��

Avãyj−vn PKovjex cÖwZwôZ GB `‡ji cy‡iv bvg ÔAvnjyh& whK‡i Iqvj KziAvbÕ hvi eZ©gvb †bZv gynv¤§v` Avjx ivm~j jvK&fx| cvwK —v‡bi wewfbœ kn‡i Gi Awdm i‡q‡Q| G `‡ji gyLcÎ Ôevjv¸j KziAvbÕ

� ���� ��� cwÎKvi gva¨‡g G‡`i åvš— AvK¡x`v cvwK —v‡b me©Î cÖPvwiZ n‡”Q| A_P KziAv‡biB wb‡ ©k Abyhvqx ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mybœvZ AbymiY Kiv dih| Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔAvcwb e‡j w`b, hw` †Zvgiv Avj−vn‡K fv‡jvevm, Z‡e Avgvi AbymiY Ki, ZvnÕ‡j wZwb †Zvgv‡`i‡K fvjevm‡eb I †Zvgv‡`i †Mvbvnmg~n gvd K‡i w`‡ebÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/31)|

38 38 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv

2. D¤§v‡Z gymwjgvn ��

� �� �� � �� �����

Avãyj−vn PKovjexi Abymvix LvRv Avng` Øxb cÖ_‡g fvi‡Zi c~e© cvÄv‡ei Ag„Zm‡i GB `‡ji †MvovcËb K‡ib| 1947-Gi c‡i GB `j jv‡nv‡i cÖwZwôZ nq| eZ©gv‡b GLv‡bB Zv‡`i cÖavb †K› ª Ges Ôdvq‡h BmjvgÕ ������

� � !� cwÎKv Zv‡`i cÖavb gyLcÎ|

3. Zvnix‡K ZvÔgx‡i BbmvwbqvZ ��

�"#$��%�� � � � ��

Avãyj Lv‡jK gvj~n KZ…©K jv‡nv‡i cÖwZwôZ GB `‡ji Zi“Y I Zy‡Lvo †bZv K¡vhx †KdvqvZzj−vn D ~©, Aviex I Bs‡iRx‡Z eû eB wj‡L Zvi `‡ji Av`k© cÖPvi K‡i P‡j‡Qb|

4. †dK©v Zzj~ÔG Bmjvg ��

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46 46 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv g‡a¨ KziAvb I ivm~j-PwiZ Mfxifv‡e Aa¨q‡bi d‡j GK we‡kl

i“wP‡eva �C8D� EF� m„wó nq| hvi cÖK…wZ wVK Hiƒc, †hiƒc GKRb cyiv‡bv ¯Y©Kv‡ii ~i „wó|... GB ’v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvevi ci gvbyl mb‡`i cÖwZ †ekx gyLv‡c¶x _v‡Kbv| †m mb` †_‡K Aek¨B mvnvh¨ †bq| wKš‘ wm×v‡š—i wfwË Zvi Dc‡i _v‡KbvÕ|30

PUK`vi hyw³i gva¨‡g gvIjvbv wb‡R‡`i ivq-†K nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i ’vb w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| hv åvš— †dK©v gyÔZvwhjv‡`i AbyKiY ˆe wKQzB bq|

wKš‘ cÖkœ nÕj, e¨w³MZ i“wPB hw` Qnxn-hCd evQvB‡qi I nv`xQ Keyj Kiv ev bv Kivi gvb`Ê nq, ZvnÕ‡j †Zv nv`x‡Qi †Kvb Aw —Z¡B _vK‡e bv| †Kbbv e¨w³MZ i“wP †Zv mevi GK bq| ZvQvov GK_vi A_© ZvnÕ‡j wK n‡e †h, Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int) hCd nv`xQ‡K ivq-Gi Dc‡i AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Zb? Qvnvev, Zv‡eCb I D¤§‡Zi †miv weØvbgÊjx Qnxn nv`xQ cvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ BwZc~‡e©Kvi Avgj †Q‡o w`‡q Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Abymvix n‡q‡Qb †Kb? Ges †KbB ev Zuv‡`i ÔivqÕ cwiZ¨vM K‡i Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Abymvix nIqvi Rb¨ ¯ ¯ Abyi³‡`i wb‡ ©k w`‡q †M‡jb?

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Ô†Zvgiv Øx‡bi e¨vcv‡i ÔivqÕ Abyhvqx †Kvb K_v ej bv | †Zvgv‡`i KZ©e¨ nÕj mybœvn&i AbymiY Kiv| †h e¨w³ mybœvn †_‡K †ewi‡q †Mj, †m c_åó nÕjÕ|31 Avi cÖ_g Qnxn nv`x‡Qi msKjb ÔgyIqvË¡vÕi ¯bvgab¨ e¨w³Ë¡ Bgvg gv‡jK (95-179 wnt)-Gi wei“‡× Giƒc K_v ejv ixwZgZ †ZvngZ ˆewK! GBme gnvgwZ BgvgMY KL‡bvB †R‡bï‡b nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× wb‡R‡`i ÔivqÕ-‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`bwb| eis G wel‡q 30. H, 1/361-62| 31. Avãyj Iqvnnve kvÔivbx (898-973wnt), gxhvbyj Kzeiv (w`j−x Qvcvt 1286 wnt) 1/63 c„t|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 47 47

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gvIjvbv Zuvi Av‡jvPbvq Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i gyRZvwn`M‡Yi ivq I Zuv‡`i e¨w³MZ i“wP‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q Zv‡KB mwVK c_ e‡j gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| A_P Avn‡jmybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi wPiš—b bxwZ nÕj, nv`xQ gIRy _vK‡Z wK¡qvm ˆea bqÕ (Avi-wimvjvn c„t 599) Ges �=���$ ��p�S��� &;�� �[�Q�� ���l�2(�� ÔhLbB nv`xQ cvIqv hv‡e, ZLbB hyw³ evwZj n‡eÕ|34 ZvQvov dK¡xnM‡Yi ci¯ú‡ii gZ‡f‡` wdK¡‡ni wKZvemg~n ficyi| GgbwK Bgvg Mvhhvjx (int)-Gi wnmve g‡Z †Lv` Avey nvbxdv (int)-Gi mg — drIqvi yB-Z…Zxqvs‡ki we‡ivwaZv K‡i‡Qb Zuvi yB cÖavb wkl¨ Bgvg Avey BDmyd I Bgvg gynv¤§v` (iv‡ngvûgvj−vn)Õ|35

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(w`j−x Qvcv 1327 wnt) c„t 28 †kl jvBb; H †`De›` Qvcv, Zvwe, c„t 8)|

48 48 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Ávbjv‡fi mwVK Dcvq| wZwb wK ZvnÕ‡j gymwjg D¤§vn‡K KziAvb I

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52 52 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Bmjvg D³ iƒc ÔwbwðZ I cÖgvYwm× aviYvÕ-†K ïay mg_©bB †`qwb,

eis ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Q| †hgb g„Zz Kvjxb AwQq‡Zi mgq yÕRb b¨vqcivqY mv¶x ivLvi wb‡ ©k `v‡bi ci KziAv‡b ejv n‡”Q, Ôhw` †Zvgv‡`i m‡›`n nq, Z‡e Dfq‡K Qvjv‡Zi c‡i _vK‡Z ej‡e| Zvici Df‡q Avj−vn&i bv‡g kc_ Ki‡e †h, Avgiv GB mv‡¶¨i gva¨‡g †Kvbiƒc ¯v_© nvwQj Kie bv, hw`I Zvi wbKUvZ¥xq nq Ges Zviv ej‡e †h, Avgiv †Mvbvn Kie bv, (hw` Kwi, ZvnÕ‡j) †m Ae ’vq Avgiv †MvbvnMvi‡`i Aš—fy©³ neÕ| ÔAZtci hw` Rvbv hvq †h, D³ yÕRb mv¶x †Kvb cv‡c wjß n‡q‡Q (A_v©r wg_¨v mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Q), ZvnÕ‡j Ab¨ yÕRb Zv‡`i ’‡j `vuwo‡q hv‡e Ges yÕR‡b Avj−vn&i bv‡g kc_ K‡i ej‡e †h, Avgv‡`i mv¶¨ Aek¨B H yÕR‡bi mv¶¨ A‡c¶v mZ¨ Ges Avgiv mxgvjsNbKvix bB| (hw` nB) ZvnÕ‡j †m‡¶‡Î Avgiv wbwðZfv‡e hv‡jg‡`i Aš—f©y³ nÕ‡q hveÕ (gv‡q`vn 5/106-107)| D³ Avqv‡Z mv¶¨ wg_¨v nIqvi m¤¢vebv e¨³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi gva¨‡g mv¶¨ ÔhvbœÕ ev aviYv wbf©i cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| Z_vwc cybivq mwVK mv‡¶¨i gva¨‡gB welqwU wbwðZ Kivi wb‡ ©k †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e weev‡ni mv¶x, Pzwii mv¶x, e¨wfPv‡ii mv¶x, nZ¨vKv‡Êi mv¶x cÖf„wZ mKj †¶‡Î b¨vqwbô mv¶x‡`i mv‡¶¨i Dc‡iB wbf©i Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| hw`I mv‡¶¨i gv‡a¨ mZ¨-wg_¨vi AvksKv we`¨gvb _v‡K| wePviK P~ovš— cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g wbwðZ mZ¨ D`NvU‡bi †Póv Ki‡eb, GUvB me© v Kvg¨ _v‡K Ges ev`x-weev`x mK‡jB D³ ÔivqÕ †g‡b †bb I †mg‡Z duvwmi `woi bx‡P Avmvgx wb‡Ri Mjv evwo‡q †`b| GKBfv‡e wPwKrmK Zuvi m‡e©v”P aviYvi wfwˇZB †ivM wbY©q K‡ib I Jla wbe©vPb K‡ib ev †ivMxi A‡ ¿vcPvi K‡ib| †ivMx wbwe©ev‡` Zv †g‡b †bb Ges g„Zz i m¤¢vebv †R‡bI eÊ wj‡L w`‡q Wv³v‡ii A‡ ¿vcPv‡ii †Uwe‡j wb‡R‡K mgc©Y K‡i †`b|

nv`x‡Qi weï×Zv cÖgv‡Yi †¶‡ÎI gynvwÏQ weØvbMY wPwKrmK I wePvi‡Ki b¨vq P~ovš— hvPvB-evQvB‡qi Avkªq wb‡q _v‡Kb| †Kej eY©bvKvix‡K bq eis mb`, gZb I Avbylw½K mKj welq hvPvB K‡iB Zvuiv nv`xQwU mZ¨ mZ¨B ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wK-bv †m wel‡q wbwðZ aviYv jv‡f m‡Pó nb| †hme nv`x‡Qi †¶‡Î Zuviv wbwðZ nb, †m¸wj

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 53 53

ÔQnxnÕ mve¨ — nq| Avi †h¸wj‡Z wbwðZ n‡Z cv‡ib bv, †m¸wj ÔhCdÕ mve¨ — nq| eY©bvKvixi msL¨v me© —‡i AMwYZ n‡j Ges Zv‡Z wg_¨vi †Kvb AeKvk bv _vK‡j Ges †m¸wj me©hy‡M AweiZ avivq ewY©Z I M„nxZ nÕ‡j †m¸wj‡K ÔgyZvIqvwZiÕ �2���� ejv nq| c¶vš—‡i eY©bvKvix GKRb ev GKvwaK nÕ‡j Zv‡K ÔAvnv`Õ �kr�� ejv nq| Beby nvhg Av›`vjymx (int) e‡jb,

��<�� ±�_�� �/ ��B|4� �/ #!<: *����� �� *����� �E9� �pS [�1� Y0�$�� �$*A�� �S ���� � �!� � #�!� �!�$ z>$ [6A�� #� z>$$ �!A�� #.Z�� ��\0H

Ôhw` GKRb mZ¨wbô ivex Av‡iKRb mZ¨wbô ivex †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib Ges Gfv‡e ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ch©š— Awew”Qbœ mb` ev eY©bvm~Î cvIqv hvq, Z‡e Zvi Dc‡i Avgj IqvwRe n‡e Ges Zv‡K weï× RvbvI IqvwRe n‡eÕ| wZwb e‡jb, G wel‡q D¤§‡Zi BRgv ev HK¨gZ i‡q‡Q Ges Bgvg Avey nvbxdv, gv‡jK, kv‡dC, Avngv`, `vE` cÖgyL weØvbMY †_‡KI GKB K_v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡QÕ| wZwb e‡jb, cieZx© hy‡Mi wKQz †jvK ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ �í�8��� m¤ú‡K© m‡›`nev` Av‡ivc Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| A_P Zviv e‡j _v‡Kb †h, Bmjvg c~Y©v½ Øxb, hv m~iv‡q gv‡q`vn 3 AvqvZ Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q Ges Avj−vn wb‡RB KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi †ndvh‡Zi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q‡Qb, hv m~iv wnR&i 9 I wK¡qvgvn 16-19 AvqvZm~gn Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| G¶‡Y AvaywbK wPš—vwe`M‡Yi aviYv g‡Z D³ c~Y©v½ Øx‡b hw` m‡›`n m„wó Kiv nq Ges Zv‡Z mZ¨-wg_¨v wgwkªZ n‡q hvq I Zv cv_©K¨ Kivi my‡hvM bv _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j Bmjvg c~Y©v½ I me©‡kl Øxb wKfv‡e n‡e? eis D³ m‡›`nev` Av‡iv‡ci gva¨‡g Øx‡bi my „p BgviZ‡K aŸsm Kiv n‡e| AZGe GUvB wbwðZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ mZ¨ K_v †h, b¨vqwbô ivex‡`i gva¨‡g ewY©Z nv`xQ AKvÆ I weï× Ges Zvi Dc‡i „p wek¦vm I Avgj yÕwUB IqvwReÕ|40 40. BmgvCj mvjvdx, ûw¾qv‡Z nv`xQ (jv‡nvi 1401 wnt/1981 L„t) c„t 116-117, M„nxZ : Avj-

BnKvg 1/108, 114, 123, 124|

54 54 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv

gvIjvbv gI ~ x ÔgyZvIqvwZiÕ nv`xQ¸wj‡K ÔBqvK¡xbxÕ ��� �� �� ev wbwðZ

wek¦vm‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ ÔAvnv`Õ nv`xQ¸wj‡K wek¦vm‡hvM¨ e‡jbwb| GLv‡b wM‡q wZwb gyRZvwn`M‡Yi ivq I Zv‡`i e¨w³MZ i“wP‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb| A_P Aí msL¨K ÔgyZvIqvwZiÕ nv`xQ e¨ZxZ Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Zi wekvj fvÊv‡ii cÖvq meUzKzB wbf©i K‡i ÔAvnv`Õ ch©v‡qi nv`xQmg~‡ni Dc‡i| d‡j ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ ch©v‡qi nv`xQmg~n‡K m‡›`n ev Awek¦vm Kivi A_© cy‡iv Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ‡K Awek¦vm Kiv| Rvwbbv mybœvn‡K ev` w`‡q Guiv Bmjv‡gi bv‡g †`‡k wK‡mi ûKzgZ cÖwZôv Ki‡eb!

g~jZt ÔAvnv`Õ ch©v‡qi nv`xQmg~‡n hw` mZ¨Zv I wbðqZvi cÖgvYvw` gIR~ _v‡K, weØvbMY Zv Keyj K‡i _v‡Kb Ges †Lv` msKjK hw` nv`x‡Qi weï×Zvi Acwinvh©Zv‡K wb‡Ri Rb¨ kZ© K‡i _v‡Kb, Z‡e H nv`xQ wbtm‡›`‡n Keyj‡hvM¨| PvB †mUv AvK¡x`v wel‡q †nŠK ev AvnKvg wel‡q †nŠK| †hgb eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ I nhiZ Igi

dviƒK (ivt) ewY©Z weL¨vZ nv`xQ ��6&:�S ����6 �34� �7�&�F;���� ÔwbðqB mKj

KvR wbq‡Zi Dc‡i wbf©ikxjÕ(gymwjg)| nv`xQwUi GKgvÎ ivex Igi (ivt) Ges GwU ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ ch©v‡qi nv`xQ| nv`xQwU D¤§‡Zi mKj weØvb Keyj K‡i wb‡q‡Qb Ges Gi weï×Zvi e¨vcv‡i msKjK gynvwÏQMY wbðqZv w`‡q‡Qb| Abyiƒcfv‡e Qv`vK¡vZzj wdri dih nIqvi nv`xQ, dih †Mvm‡ji nv`xQ cÖf„wZ Le‡i Iqv‡n‡`i Aš—fy©³|

Beby nvhg (int) e‡jb, g~jZt 1g kZvãx wnRix ch©š— Avnjym mybœvn, Lv‡iRx, kxÔAv,K¡v`vwiqv mK‡j ÔLe‡i Iqv‡n`Õ ch©v‡qi nv`xQ‡K webv evK¨ e¨‡q Keyj Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ wØZxq kZvãx‡Z G‡m gyÔZvwhjv `vk©wbKMY BRgv‡q D¤§‡Zi we‡ivwaZv K‡i G cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡ib I weZ‡K© wjß nbÕ|41

cieZ©xKv‡j G‡`i K~UZ‡K© weåvš— n‡q‡Qb eû weØvb Ges †mB my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i‡Qb cÖvP¨we` wLªóvb cwÊZMY| Avevi Zv‡`iB hyw³ev‡`i

41. ûw¾qv‡Z nv`xQ c„t 112, M„nxZ : Avj-BnKvg 1/114|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 55 55

a~gªRv‡j AvUKv c‡o‡Qb eû AvaywbK Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`| Avj−vn Avgv‡`i i¶v Ki“b -Avgxb!

hy‡M hy‡M nv`xQ A¯xKviKvixMY )$5=C�� N ����� +�A�2(

Avj−vgv BmgvCj ¸RivbIqvjv (1314-1378/1895-1968) cª Ë hy‡M hy‡M nv`xQ A¯xKviKvix‡`i ZvwjKvwU wb‡gœ cÖ Ë nÕj :

1. Lv‡iRx )HF�� :( : Giv cÖavbZt ivm~j cwiev‡ii gh©v`vq ewY©Z nv`xQmg~n‡K A¯xKvi K‡i| 200 wnRixi c‡i G‡`i Avwef©ve N‡U|

2. kxÔAv (@�� | )�) : Giv QvnvexM‡Yi gh©v`vq ewY©Z nv`xQmg~n‡K A¯xKvi K‡i| 200 wnRixi c‡i G‡`i Avwef©ve nq|

3. gyÔZvwhjv I Rvn&wgqv ( �8��U: W@� e ): Giv Avj−vn&i ¸Yvejx msµvš— nv`xQ mg~n‡K A¯xKvi K‡i| 221 wnRixi c‡i G‡`i Avwef©ve nq|

4. K¡vhx Cmv Be‡b Avevb I Zvi AbymvixMY Ges cieZ©x dK¡xn‡`i g‡a¨ K¡vhx Avey hv‡q` `ve~mx cÖgyL| Zv‡`i „wó‡Z Mv‡qi dK¡xn QvnvexM‡Yi ewY©Z nv`xQ‡K Zviv A¯xKvi K‡ib| 221 wnRixi c‡i G‡`i Avwef©ve N‡U|

5. gyÔZvwhjv I `vk©wbK‡`i mv‡_ dK¡xn‡`i GKwU †QvU `j| Giv DQ~j I dziƒÔ Z_v g~j I cÖkvLvMZ mKj wel‡q Le‡i Iqv‡n` ch©v‡qi nv`xQmg~‡ni e¨vcv‡i gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb| 400 wnRixi ci G‡`i Avwef©ve nq|

6. cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvq fxZ Bmjvgx cwÊZMY| †hgb †gŠjex †PivM Avjx, m¨vi ˆmq` Avngv` Lvb I Zv‡`i Abymvixe„›`| Giv nv`xQ kv‡ ¿ Avb‡Kviv| Zv‡`i aviYv g‡Z nv`xQ mg~n g~jZt BwZnv‡mi mgwó gvÎ| AZGe †mLvb †_‡K Pvwn`vgZ Zviv wKQz

56 56 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb I wKQz eR©b K‡i‡Qb| 1300 wnRixi KvQvKvwQ

mg‡q G‡`i Avwef©ve N‡U|

7. †gŠjex Avãyj−vn PKovjex, wg ¿x gynv¤§v` ivgvhvb ¸RivbIqvjv, †gŠjex nvkgZ Avjx jv‡nvix, †gŠjex idxDÏxb gyjZvbx| 1300 wnRixi cieZ©x GB mKj weØvb nv`xQ‡K cy‡ivcywi A¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb|

8. †gŠjex Avngv` Øxb Ag„Zmix, wgóvi †Mvjvg Avngv` cvi‡fh| Giv m¨vi ˆmq` Avngv‡`i Øviv cÖfvweZ| Z‡e Giv Rvwnj I jvMvgnxb| 14k kZvãxi GB e¨w³M‡Yi wbK‡U KziAvb, nv`xQ I cyiv ØxbUvB GKUv †Ljv gvÎ| Zv‡`i g‡Z †ekxi †ekx GUv‡K GKUv ivR‰bwZK `k©b g‡b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| hv‡K hLb-ZLb e`jv‡bvi AwaKvi Avgv‡`i Av‡Q| Z‡e †gŠjex Avngv` Øxb †Kvb †Kvb ÔgyZvIqvwZiÕ Avgj‡K G¸wj †_‡K c„_K g‡b Ki‡Zb|

9. gvIjvbv wkejx †bvÔgvbx (1857-1914), nvgx yÏxb dvivnx, Aveyj AvÔjv gI ~ x (1903-1979), Avgxb Avnmvb BQjvnx Ges bv`IqvZzj Ijvgv jv‡¶èŠ-Gi weØvbgÊjx| Z‡e mvBwq` myjvqgvb bv`fx (1884-1955) e¨ZxZ| 13k I 14k kZvãx wnRixi GB †k‡lv³ weØvbMY nv`x‡Qi A¯xKviKvix bb| Z‡e Gu‡`i wPš—vavivq nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡nxbZv I Zvw”Qj¨fve

�H��8� _��� cÖKvk cvq Ges Zuv‡`i Av‡jvPbvq nv`xQ A¯xKv‡ii †Pvivc_ mg~n Ly‡j hvq|42

2. gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` hvKvwiqv (1317-1402 wnt/1898-1982 L„t)

ZvejxM RvgvÔAv‡Zi cªwZôvZv gvIjvbv Bwjqvm (1303-1363/1885-1944 L„t)-Gi wb‡ ©kΓ‡g Ab¨Zg †bZv gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` hvKvwiqv KvÜjfx mvnvivbcyix ÔZvejxMx †bQveÕ cÖYqb K‡ib| hv‡Z †nKvqv‡Z Qvnvev Ges dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh, ZvejxM, whKi, 42. ûw¾qv‡Z nv`xQ c„t 113-114|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 57 57

KziAvb, ivgvhvb, `iƒ`, Qv`vK¡vZ I n¾mn †gvU 9wU wel‡q yÕL‡Ê mgvß we —vwiZ Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q|

D‡j−L¨ †h, 1921 mv‡j fvi‡Zi nwiqvbv iv‡R¨i Ô†gIqvZÕ �L�û �� GjvKvi Ôdx‡ivhcyi wbgKÕ ���H��8��

�� MÖv‡g cÖPwjZ ZvejxM

RvgvÔAvZ Aw —Z¡ jvf K‡i| †hLv‡b gvIjvbv Bwjqvm (1885-1944 L„t Rb¥ ’vb : †gIqvZ, nwiqvbv, fviZ) Zuvi wkl¨‡`i wbKU cÖvqB †h‡Zb| GK`v †mLv‡b _vKv Ae ’vq Zuvi wKQz wkl¨ G‡m ejj †h, Zviv Kv‡jgv wkLv‡bvi Rb¨ I gmwR‡` Qvjv‡Z Avmvi Rb¨ evox evox wM‡q †jvK‡`i `vIqvZ w`‡q _v‡K| Zv‡`i GKvRwU Zuvi Lye cm›` nq Ges Ab¨vb¨ MÖv‡gI `vIqvZ Qwo‡q †`Iqvi Rb¨ wZwb Zv‡`i Drmvn †`b| Gfv‡eB cÖPwjZ ZvejxM RvgvÔAv‡Zi m~Pbv nq|43

ZvejxMx †bQve )õ���� �� f: e��( :

Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi wbK‡U ÔQnxnv‡qbÕ-Gi †h gh©v`v, ZvejxMx fvB‡`i wbK‡U ÔZvejxMx †bQveÕ-Gi †mB gh©v`v ej‡jI AZz w³ n‡e bv| G wKZvewUB Zv‡`i wbK‡U me©vwaK gh©v`vgwÊZ Ges N‡i-evB‡i, md‡i- Aem‡i me© v AwZ h‡Zœi mv‡_ cwVZ| ZvejxMx †bQv‡ei †jLK ÔkvqLyj nv`xQÕ bv‡g L¨vZ| A_P nv`x‡Qi wc‡V wgwógy‡L †h QzwiKvNvZ wZwb K‡i‡Qb, Zv Ab¨ Kvi“ c‡¶ m¤¢e n‡q‡Q wK-bv m‡›`n| KziAv‡bi AvqvZ I nv`x‡Qi Ace¨vL¨vi mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb †hme D™¢U I KvíwbK gvÔ‡idZx Mímg~n Ry‡o w`‡q‡Qb, Zv GKRb my ’ gw —‡®‹i gvbyl‡K weåvš— Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó| yfv©M¨ †h, GB wKZvewU wewfbœ gmwR‡` RvgvÔAvZ †k‡l Bgvg A_ev Zvejx‡Mi †jv‡Kiv gyQj−x‡`i‡K AwZ webq I bgªZvi mv‡_ c‡o ïwb‡q _v‡Kb I †k‡l `je×fv‡e gybvRvZ (cÖv_©bv) K‡i _v‡Kb|

A_P G¸wj co‡j Avj−vnfw³i ’vb `Lj K‡i †bq Z_vKw_Z gyieŸx I eyhM© fw³| KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi ’vb `Lj K‡i †bq wewfbœ ZixKvi Q~dx I Zv‡`i Kvk&d I Kvivg‡Zi wg_¨v I AjxK Kvwnbxmg~n| gyQj−xi 43. w`j−x : cvw¶K gvRvj−v Avn‡jnv`xQ c„t 7. 21†k Ryb 1986 Bs/13B kvIqvj 1406 wnt

m¤úv`K I †jLK : nvKxg gynv¤§v` AvRgj Luv|

58 58 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv gv_vi g‡a¨ ZLb Hme wfwËnxb KíK_v NyicvK †L‡Z _v‡K| Avi

fv‡e †h, KLb wPj−vq wM‡q Hme Q~dx eyh‡M©i b¨vq D”P gh©v`v jv‡f ab¨ ne| Avð‡h©i welq, `vi“j Dj~g †`De‡›`i gmwR‡`I bvwK G wKZvewU c‡o gyQj−x‡`i ïbv‡bv nq Ges G hveZ Zvi GB eBwUi cÖwZev‡` †KD †Kvb eB cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb e‡j Rvbv hvqwb| Dcgnv‡`‡ki wekvj nvbvdx RvgvÔAv‡Zi nvhvi nvhvi nvbvdx Av‡jg G eBwU‡K wKfv‡e bxi‡e mg©_b w`‡q P‡j‡Qb|

†f‡e Avðh© nÕ‡Z nq †h, ÔBmivC‡jÕ Bmjvgx eBcÎ wbwl×, †mLv‡bI G wKZv‡ei i‡q‡Q Aeva cÖ‡ekvwaKvi Ges G wKZv‡ei cÖPviK ZvejxMx fvB‡`i i‡q‡Q †m‡`‡k wbwe©‡Nœ c`PviYvi XvjvI AbygwZ| GKBfv‡e AbygwZ i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b Kvw`qvbx‡`i e¨vcK cÖ‡ekvwaKv‡ii| Kvw`qvbx‡`i †nW Awdm jʇb I BmivC‡ji nvBdv bMix‡Z| yÕwU Av‡›`vj‡biB Drm ’j fviZ Dcgnv‡`k Ges yÕwUiB Rb¥ e„wUk Avg‡j| Kvw`qvbxiv ag©‡ ªvnx Kv‡di| wKš‘ Zviv Bmjv‡gi bv‡gB †`‡k I we‡`‡k weK…Z Bmjv‡gi cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K| c¶vš—‡i ZvejxMxiv Bmjv‡gi MÊxi g‡a¨ †_‡KB Bmjv‡gi weK…Z e¨vL¨v †`k-we‡`‡k cÖPvi K‡i| Av‡Liv‡Z gyw³i mÜvbx ûuwkqvi gywgbMY mveav‡b cv †dj‡eb, GUvB Kvg¨| ZvejxMx †bQv‡ei Ab¨ welq ev` w`‡q †Kej Zv‡`i nv`xQ cÖPv‡ii K‡qKwU bgybv D`vniY ¯iƒc Zz‡j aiv nÕj :

1. Igi (iv) †_‡K ewY©Z, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, Av`g (Avt) Aciva Kivi ci Avj−vn&i Avi‡ki w`‡K ZvwK‡q †`‡Lb †mLv‡b †jLv Av‡Q, Ôjv Bjvnv Bj−vj−vû gynv¤§v yi ivm~jyj−vnÕ| ZLb wZwb gynv¤§v‡`i Amxjvq Avj−vn&i wbK‡U ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡ib Ges Avj−vn Zv‡K ¶gv K‡ib| AZtci Avj−vn Av`g‡K e‡jb, hw` gynv¤§v` bv nÕ‡Zb, ZvnÕ‡j Avwg †Zvgv‡K m„wó KiZvg bvÕ| Ab¨ GKwU cÖwm× Rvj nv`xQ D³ g‡g© cÖPwjZ Av‡Q, ÔjvIjv-Kv jvgv LvjvK¡Zzj Avdjv-KvÕ (hw` Avcwb bv nÕ‡Zb, ZvnÕ‡j Avmgvb-hgxb wKQzB m„wó KiZvg bv)|44

44. wmjwmjv hCdvn Iqvj gIh~ÔAvn nv/25, 282; dvhv‡q‡j whKi (g~j D`~©, w`j−x : D`~© evhvi,

g`xbv eyK wW‡cv, 1395wnt/1975 L„t) c„t 95|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 59 59

Ab¨Î Ôdvhv‡q‡j `iƒ` kix‡dÕ (c„t 85, Mí bs 14) wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔkvqL Avãyj nK gynvwÏQ †`njfx ¯xq Ôgv`v‡iRyb beyAZÕ eB‡q wj‡L‡Qb †h, hLb nhiZ nvIqv-i Rb¥ nÕj, ZLb nhiZ Av`g (Avt) Zvi w`‡K nvZ evov‡Z PvB‡jb| †d‡ikZviv ej‡jb, Qei Ki, hZ¶Y bv we‡q n‡e Ges †gvni bv †`Iqv n‡e| Av`g (Avt) ej‡jb, †gvni wK? †d‡ikZviv ej‡jb, Ôgynv¤§v`-Gi Dci wZbevi `iƒ` kixd cvV Ki“bÕ| GK †iIqvqv‡Z wek ev‡ii K_v G‡m‡Q|Õ A_P cweÎ KziAv‡b Av`g m„wói I Zuvi ZIev Kivi †h eY©bv i‡q‡Q (evK¡vivn 30-39; AvÔivd 24), †mLv‡b Gm‡ei wKQzB †bB|

cxi-AvDwjqv‡`i ÔAmxjvÕ a‡i ciKv‡j gyw³ cvIqvi ˆeaZv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ Gme Rvj nv`xQ I wg_¨v eY©bv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| Giv cxi ai‡Z e‡jb bv, eis ÔgyieŸxÕ ai‡Z e‡jb| †hgb kvqLyj nv`xQ Ôdvhv‡q‡j Zvejx‡MÕ (c„t 3) e‡j‡Qb, hy‡Mi Ijvgv-gvkv‡qL nhiZM‡Yi †ihvgw›` I mš‘wó ciKvjxb bvRv‡Zi Amxjv I †Mvbv‡ni Kvddviv n‡q _v‡K...|Õ A_P KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi wb‡ ©kbv Abyhvqx ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi AbymiY e¨ZxZ ciKv‡j gyw³ cvevi †Kvb Dcvq †bB (eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/143)|

2. nhiZ Av`g (Avt) wn› y —vb †_‡K cv‡q †nu‡U GK nvhvi evi n¾ K‡i‡Qb| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, bex‡`i mvaviY ixwZ wQj cv‡q †nu‡U n¾ Kiv|45

ev —eZv GB †h, †klbex gynv¤§v` (Qvt) g`xbv †_‡K g°vq mIqvix‡Z G‡m we`vq n¾ K‡iwQ‡jb| A_P Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi b¨vq GKRb cÖL¨vZ Qvnvexi bv‡g Ggb wg_¨v eY©bv Pvwj‡q †`Iqv nÕj| GKBfv‡e Av`g (Avt) m¤úwK©Z eY©bvwU G‡Kev‡iB wfwËnxb| †Kbbv Zuvi †gvU eqm wQj 940 A_ev 960 eQi|46 ZvQvov wZwb wn› y —v‡b emevm K‡i‡Qb e‡j KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Q †Kvb cÖgvY †bB|

45. dvhv‡q‡j n¾ c„t 35| 46. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/4662, ÔwkóvPviÕ Aa¨vq, ÔmvjvgÕ Aby‡”Q`; H, nv/118, ÔCgvbÕ Aa¨vq,

ÔZvK¡ x‡i wek¦vmÕ Aby‡”Q`; ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx nv/5072, 8/459 c„t|

60 60 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 3. Beby Igi (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, †h e¨w³

Avgvi Kei whqviZ Ki‡e, Zvi Rb¨ Avgvi kvdvÔAvZ IqvwRe n‡eÕ| Ab¨ eY©bvq Ô†h e¨w³ Avgvi g„Zz i c‡i Avgv‡K whqviZ Ki‡e, †m e¨w³ †hb Avgvi RxeÏkvq Avgvi mv‡_ mv¶vZ KijÕ| Ab¨ eY©bvq Ô†h e¨w³ n¾ Kij, A_P Avgvi Kei whqviZ Kij bv, †m Avgvi Dci hyjyg KijÕ|47 nv`xQ¸wj gIh~ ev Rvj|48 Avi GUv ¯úó †h, ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kei †hqviZ n‡¾i †Kvb Ask bq|

4. ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, †h e¨w³ QvjvZ K¡vhv Ki‡e, hw`I †m Zv c‡i Av`vq K‡i, Z_vwc mgq gZ QvjvZ Av`vq bv Kivi Kvi‡Y H e¨w³ GK †nvK¡ev Rvnvbœv‡g _vK‡e| GK Ô†nvK¡evÕ nÕj 2 †KvwU 88 j¶ eQi|49 cvVK ¯§iY ivLyb, L›`‡Ki hy‡× ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi ci ci K‡qK Iqv³ QvjvZ Ges Lvqevi hy‡× dR‡ii QvjvZ K¡vhv n‡qwQj| GZبZxZ Qvnvev‡q †Kivg †_‡KI QvjvZ K¡vhv Kivi eû cÖgvY †`Lv hvq| ZvnÕ‡j Zuv‡`i Ae ’v Kx n‡e?

5. (K) gymjgvb‡`i wRnv`x Rvhev LZg Kivi Rb¨ wZwb webv mb‡` †j‡Lb, GK`v ivm~j (Qvt) bvR‡` ˆmb¨ cvVvb| Zviv ª“Z hy× Rq K‡i MYxg‡Zi gvjvgvj mn wd‡i Av‡mb| GZ ª“Z wd‡i Avmvq †jv‡Kiv we¯§q cÖKvk Ki‡j ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Avwg wK †Zvgv‡`i‡K Gi PvB‡ZI Kg mg‡q Gi PvB‡ZI †ekx MYxgZ jvfKvix `j m¤ú‡K© msev` w`e bv? Zviv nÕj Hme †jvK, hviv dR‡ii QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Av`vq K‡i| AZtci m~‡h©v`‡qi c‡i yÕivKÔAvZ Bkiv‡K¡i QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iÕ|50 wZwb Bkviv‡K¡i yÕivKÔAvZ QvjvZ‡K wRnv‡`i weR‡qi PvB‡ZI DËg e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|

(L) Avey ûivqiv (ivt) e‡jb, KzhvÔAvn ) Y��\²�( †Mv‡Îi yÕRb e¨w³ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡Q G‡m GK‡Î gymjgvb nÕ‡jb| c‡i Zv‡`i GKRb knx` n‡q †M‡jb| Av‡iKRb GKeQi c‡i ¯vfvweKfv‡e gviv

47. dvhv‡q‡j n¾ 96, 97, 98 c„t| 48. `vivKzrbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/1127-28| 49. dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh, c„t 39| 50. dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh, c„t 20|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 61 61

†M‡jb| Z¡vjnv web Ievq yj−vn (ivt) c‡i ¯‡cœ †`‡Lb †h, knx` e¨w³i Av‡MB Bwb Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb †h, G‡Z wew¯§Z n‡q Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K G wel‡q wR‡Ám Kijvg| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, H e¨w³ wK GK ivgvhv‡bi c~Y© wQqvg I GKeQ‡i Qq nvhv‡ii †ekx ivKÔAvZ mybœvZ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iwb?Õ51 A_©vr kvnv`vZ jv‡fi PvB‡Z mybœvZ-bd‡ji gh©v`v †ekx|

GBfv‡e mb` wenxb ¯‡cœi eY©bv Qvnvex I ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi bv‡g jvMvgnxb fv‡e wjL‡Z GBme kvqLyj nv`x‡Qi ü`q GKUzI †Ku‡c I‡Vwb| wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡aŸ© `Lj`vi Bs‡i‡Ri wei“‡× fviZe‡l©i gymjgv‡biv hLb wRnv` Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q, ZLbB †`De›`-mvnvivbcy‡ii GBme Q~dx-kvqLyj nv`xQMY gymjgvb‡`i wRnv` †_‡K wegyL K‡i e„wU‡ki †Mvjvgxi w`‡K wdwi‡q †bevi Ges Øx‡bi bv‡g gymjgvb‡`i Cgvbx †PZbv webvk K‡i Zvejx‡Mi †e‡k †`k-we‡`‡k Nyiv‡bvi wgkb wb‡q gv‡V †b‡g wQ‡jb| Avi Zvi cyi¯‹vi ¯iƒc ZLb †_‡K Ghver Zviv Bû`x-L„óvb cÖfvweZ mKj †`‡k webv evavq Zv‡`i Kw_Z ZvejxMx wgkb Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|

(M) Z¡vEm e‡jb, evqZzj−vn `k©b Kiv DËg nÕj H e¨w³i Bev`‡Zi PvB‡Z, whwb wQqvg cvjbKvix, ivwÎ RvMiYKvix Ges Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnv`KvixÕ|52

GLv‡b evqZzj−vn `k©b‡K wZwb wRnv‡`i PvB‡Z DËg ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|

GZبZxZ Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GB ÔgybKviÕ nv`xQwUi LyeB cÖwmw× i‡q‡Q †h, ���> A�;� �/�� (���k�9�=� (���2 ��u�� �S��� (���k�9�=� (���2()�B�� ÔAvgiv †QvU wRnv` †_‡K

eo wRnv‡`i w`‡K wd‡i GjvgÕ|53 Gi Øviv Zviv Zv‡`i nvjK¡v‡q whK&‡ii gRwjm¸wj‡K Ôeo wRnv`Õ Ges mk ¿ wRnv‡`i gq`vb‡K Ô†QvU wRnv`Õ wnmv‡e MY¨ Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|54

51. dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh c„t 15| 52. dvhv‡q‡j n¾, c„t 77| 53. wmjwmjv hCdvn Iqvj gIh~ÔAvn nv/2460, nv`xQ ÔgybKviÕ| 54. Avãyi ingvb Dgix, ZvejxMx RvgvÔAvZ AvIi DmKv wbQve (bqvw`j−x : `vi“j wKZve, 1988

L„t); c„t 84|

62 62 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 6. Avey ûivqiv (ivt)-nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, Avgvi Dci

cwVZ `iƒ` cyjwQivZ cvi nIqvi mgq Ôb~iÕ (†R¨vwZ) n‡e| †h e¨w³ RygÔAvi w`b Avgvi Dci 80 evi `iƒ` co‡e, Zvi Avwk eQ‡ii †Mvbvn gvd Kiv n‡eÕ|55

ZvejxMx‡`i AjxK Kvwnbx mg~‡ni wKQz bgybv

)U���/-6/� K�A�F� Y=L�� TC((

1. Q~dx mvBwq` Avngv` widvÔC n‡¾i c‡i g`xbvq wM‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kei whqviZ K‡ib 555 wnRix‡Z Ges †mLv‡b wM‡q ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi cÖksmvq yÕjvBb KweZv cvV K‡ib| ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) Lyykx n‡q Zuvi yÕnvZ †ei K‡i w`‡jb I widvÔC Zv‡Z Pzgy †L‡jbÕ| †jLK kvqLyj nv`xQ (?) gvIjvbv hvKvwiqv GK avc evwo‡q e‡jb †h, H mgq †mLv‡b cÖvq 90,000 †jvK Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb, hviv D³ „k¨ cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib| hv‡`i g‡a¨ (Ôeo cxiÕ) Avãyj Kv‡`i Rxjvbx ( 470-561 wnt) Dcw ’Z wQ‡jbÕ|56

2. gvIjvbv hvKvwiqv wb‡Ri Ô`vjv‡qjyj LvqivZÕ eBwU †jLvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb †h, wZwb GK`v mdi Ae ’vq Ih~i cvwbi msK‡U c‡ob| `wo-evjwZ bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y wZwb K~qv †_‡K cvwb DVv‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| GKwU †g‡q G „k¨ †`‡L K~qvi wbK‡U G‡m Zv‡Z _y_y wb‡¶c Kij| mv‡_ mv‡_ K~qvi cvwb wKbviv ch©š— D‡V G‡jv| †jLK wew¯§Z n‡q †g‡qwU‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡j †m ejj, GwU `iƒ` kix‡di eiKZ| G NUbvi ci Avwg D³ eBwU wjwLÕ|57

cvVKMY fvjfv‡eB Rv‡bb †h, wnRi‡Zi ci cvwbi K‡ó ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg g`xbvq wKfv‡e w`‡knviv n‡q c‡owQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l R‰bK Bû`xi wbKU †_‡K IQgvb (ivt) weÕ‡i iƒgvn )Y/$� �,�(

55. dvhv‡q‡j `iƒ` kixd 1/38, nv/4; wmjwmjv hCdvn nv/3804| 56. dvhv‡q‡j n¾, 2/130-131 c„t| 57. dvhv‡q‡j `iƒ` kixd 1/83 Mí bs 6|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 63 63

bvgK weL¨vZ K‚qvwU Lwi` K‡i †mwU gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ IqvKd K‡i †`b|58 A_P GKwU mvaviY evwjKvi _y_y wb‡¶‡c K~qv f‡i †Mj| Mí Avi Kv‡K e‡j!!

3. kvqL Aveyj Lv‡qi AvK¡Z¡vÔ e‡jb, Avwg cuvPw`b hveZ wKQz †L‡Z bv †c‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Dci `iƒ` cvV A‡š— Zuvi †gngvb wnmv‡e Zuvi Ke‡ii wbK‡U Nywg‡q †Mjvg| GgZve ’vq ¯‡cœ Avgvi wbK‡U ivm~j (Qvt) Zuvi wZb mv_x AveyeKi, Igi I Avjx (ivt)-‡K wb‡q G‡jb| Avwg D‡V uvwo‡q ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kcv‡j Pzgy †Ljvg| AZtci wZwb Avgv‡K GKwU i“wU `vb Ki‡jb| A‡a©K i“wU LvIqv †kl bv nÕ‡ZB Avgvi Nyg †f‡½ †Mj| ZLb †`wL †h, evKx A‡a©K i“wU Avgvi nv‡Z aiv Av‡QÕ|59

ZvejxMx †bQv‡ei cÖvq me©Î G ai‡bi D™¢U ¯cœ I wfwËnxb Mímg~n DׄZ n‡q‡Q| hv cvVK‡K c_åó K‡i gvÎ|

4. `iƒ‡`B RvbœvZ :

(K) R‰bK Q~dx e‡jb, wgmZ¡vn bv‡g Avgvi GK cÖwZ‡ekx wQj, †h me© v g‡` P~i n‡q _vKZ| Zvi w`b-iv‡Zi †Kvb Lei _vKZ bv| Avwg Zv‡K eû Dc‡`k w`‡qwQ| wKš‘ †Kvb KvR nqwb| Avwg Zv‡K ZIev Ki‡Z ejZvg| wKš‘ †m ZvI K‡iwb| Ae‡k‡l hLb †m gviv †Mj, ZLb Avwg ¯‡cœ †`Ljvg †h, †m Rvbœv‡Z D”P gh©v`vi mv‡_ Av‡Q| KviY wR‡Ám Ki‡j †m ejj, Avwg GK gynvwχQi gRwj‡m wQjvg| GK mgq wZwb ej‡jb, †h e¨w³ D‰”Pt¯‡i `iƒ` co‡e, Zvi Rb¨ RvbœvZ IqvwRe n‡e| GK_v ï‡b Avwg †Rvi‡m `iƒ` cwo Ges A‡b¨ivI c‡o| d‡j H gRwj‡m Dcw ’Z Avgv‡`i mK‡ji †Mvbvn gvd n‡q hvq| Avi †mKvi‡YB Avwg AvR Rvbœv‡Z G‡mwQ|60

ïay g`‡Lvi wgmZ¡vn bq, Bgvg kv‡dC (ivt)-Gi gZ D”P gh©v`vm¤úbœ gnvb e¨w³I bvwK †Kej `iƒ` cv‡Vi Kvi‡Y RvbœvZ jvf K‡i‡Qb|

58. wZiwghx, bvmvC, wgkKvZ nv/6066, mb` nvmvb; Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/1594| 59. dvhv‡q‡j `iƒ` c„t 105 Mí bs 48(2); dvhv‡q‡j n¾ c„t 128 Mí bs 8| 60. dvhv‡q‡j `iƒ` kixd c„t 86 Mí bs 17|

64 64 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Zuvi Ab¨ †bK Avg‡ji Kvi‡Y bq| †hgb (L) Zuvi GKRb kvM‡i‡`i

eiv‡Z †jLv n‡q‡Q, Avwg Avgvi D —v‡`i g„Zz i c‡i Zuv‡K ¯‡cœ †`Ljvg| wR‡Ám Kijvg, D —v`Rx †Kgb Av‡Qb? wZwb ej‡jb, Avgv‡K LyeB m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ Rvbœv‡Z †bIqv n‡q‡Q| Avi GmeB n‡q‡Q †KejgvÎ `iƒ‡`i eiK‡ZÕ|61

wbK…ó cvcx I †kªô cyY¨evb yÕR‡bi yÕwU ev‡bvqvU Mí w`‡q †jLK kvqLyj nv`xQ eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, Avg‡ji †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB; †Kej `iƒ` cvV Ki‡jB RvbœvZ AeavwiZ| RvbœvZ jvf hw` GZB m —v nÕZ, ZvnÕ‡j I†nv‡`i gq`v‡b ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi uvZ fvO‡Zv bv Ges Zuvi I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi Rxe‡b GZ Kó nÕZ bv| ïay N‡i e‡m `iƒ` co‡jB Bmjvg Kv‡qg nÕZ|

†Kej Q~dx I Bgv‡gi bv‡g bq Gevi mivmwi Qvnvex, Zv‡eC I ivm~‡ji bv‡g wg_¨vPvi| †hgb (M) nhiZ Avãyi ingvb web mvgyivn (ivt) e‡jb †h, GKw`b ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) evB‡i G‡jb Ges Avgv‡`i ej‡jb, Avwg ivw·Z ¯‡cœ GKwU Avðh© „k¨ †`Ljvg †h, GKRb e¨w³ cyj‡Qiv‡Zi Dci KL‡bv cv †Nu‡l Pj‡Q, KL‡bv nuvUz‡Z fi K‡i Pj‡Q, KL‡bv †hb †Kvb wKQz‡Z AvU‡K hv‡”Q| BwZg‡a¨ Avgvi Dci `iƒ` Zvi wbK‡U †cuŠ‡Q †Mj Ges †m Zv‡K uvo Kwi‡q cyj‡QivZ cvi K‡i w`j|Õ (N) ÔweL¨vZ Zv‡eC nhiZ mywdqvb web Iqvqbv (ivt) nhiZ Lvjvd †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib †h, Avgvi GK eÜz wQj †h Avgvi m‡½ nv`xQ coZ, Zvi g„Zz n‡q †Mj| Avwg Zv‡K ¯‡cœ †`Ljvg †h bZzb meyR Kvco c‡i †m †`Šo-Svc Ki‡Q| Avwg ejjvg, Zzwg †Zv Avgvi nv`x‡Qi mncvwV wQ‡j| †Zvgvi GZ D”P m¤§vb I gh©v`v wK Kvi‡Y nÕj? †m ejj, nv`xQ †Zv Avwg †Zvgvi mv‡_B wjLZvg| wKš‘ hLbB nv`x‡Qi bx‡P bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi bvg AvmZ, ZLbB Avwg Zvi bx‡P ÔQvj−vj−vû AvjvB‡n Iqv mvj−vgÕ wj‡L w`Zvg| Avj−vn Rvj−v kvbyû ZviB wewbg‡q Avgv‡K GB gnv m¤§vb `vb K‡i‡Qb, hv Zzwg †`LQÕ|62

61. dvhv‡q‡j `iƒ` kixd c„t 82, Mí bs 3| 62. dvhv‡q‡j `iƒ` kixd c„t 89 Mí bs 23 I 24|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 65 65

GBme wfwËnxb Mí w`‡q Giv gymjgvb‡K KziAvb-nv`xQ †_‡K y‡i mwi‡q wb‡q cxi-gvkv‡qL, Q~dx-eyhM© I we`ÔAvZx gyieŸx‡`i †Mvjv‡g cwiYZ K‡i‡Q Ges nv`xQ ev` w`‡q G‡`i AjxK †K”Qv-Kvwnbx I Kvkd-Kvivg‡Zi Dci wek¦vmx K‡i M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| A_P bex e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kvi“ Bjnvg I ¯cœ Bmjv‡g †Kvb `jxj wnmv‡e M„nxZ bq| m¤¢eZt G Kvi‡YB ZvejxMx fvB‡qiv Zv‡`i †Kvb ZvÔjx‡g KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi ev †Kvb Ab~w`Z nv`xQ MÖš’ cvV K‡ib bv| d‡j mviv Rxeb ZvejxM K‡iI Giv Qnxn ZixKvq QvjvZUzKz Av`vq Ki‡Z wk‡L bv| gmwR`¸wj‡Z GLb KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi ZvÔjx‡gi e`‡j G‡`i GBme wg_¨v M‡í fiv ZvejxMx †bQv‡ei ZvÔjxg n‡q _v‡K| †Kbbv Zv‡`i ïbv‡bv nq †h, GKevi Zvejx‡M †M‡j Zvi cÖwZwU †bK Avg‡ji wewbg‡q EbcÂvk †KvwU †bKx nq|63

GB †bKxi cvnvo Zv‡`i eZ©gvb gyieŸx‡`i Avwe®‹vi| †hgb Zviv GLb Avevi Pvjy K‡i‡Q †h, hviv Zv‡`i evwl©K BR‡Zgvq (U½x) hvq Ges Av‡Lix gybvRv‡Z Ask †bq, Zviv GKwU Keyj n‡¾i †bKx cvq| A_©vr †m Hw`‡bi gZ cvcgy³ nq, †hw`b Zvi gv Zv‡K wb®úvc Ae ’vq cÖme K‡iwQj| d‡j eû †jvK GLb g°vq n‡¾ hvIqvi PvB‡Z U½x hvIqv‡K AwaK ¸i“Z¡ w`‡”Q| †mLv‡b GLb cÖwZeQi jv‡Lv gvby‡li Xj bvg‡Q| A_P †evKviv Rv‡bbv †h, †KvwU gvby‡li Rgv‡qZ nÕ‡jI Zv KL‡bv n‡¾i †bKxi mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| Gic‡iI †mLv‡b wM‡q †kLvi wKQz †bB, †`kx-we‡`kx fvlvq Qq DQ~‡ji eY©bv Avi ZvejxMx †bQv‡ei Pwe©Z Pe©Y Qvov| gvbyl fv‡e GLv‡b Gjvg, n‡¾i QIqve †cjvg| eû c~‡e© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) G wel‡q D¤§Z‡K ûuwkqvi K‡i wM‡q‡Qb GB e‡j †h, �% �d��<�1 �Y���&��� &.��� �% &³�Z�0 �8 ��B(�� ÔwK¡qvgZ n‡ebv hZw`b bv evqZzj−vn&i n¾ eÜ nqÕ|64 nu v, †mUvB ïi“ K‡i‡Q ZvejxMx fvB‡qiv| Iw`‡K Av‡iK `j QzU‡Q ÔIi‡mÕ Mi“-Lvwm wb‡q g„Z cx‡ii Amxjvq I Zvi MÏxbkxb ûhy‡ii †`vÔAv I Zvevii“K wb‡q 63. GRb¨ `yÕwU hCd nv`xQ (Avey vE` nv/2498 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-14; Beby gvRvn

nv/2761 Aby‡”Q`-4, wgkKvZ nv/3857) mvZ‡kv × mvZ j¶ †bKx ¸Y K‡i GB EbcÂvk †KvwU evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

64 eyLvix nv/1593; Ôn¾Õ Aa¨vq-25, Aby‡”Q`-47|

66 66 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Afxó jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ wKsev RvbœvZ cvevi wg_¨v aviYvi ekeZ©x n‡q|

Avj−vn Avgv‡`i i¶v Ki“b!

Ôdvhv‡q‡j `iƒ` kix‡dÕ ewY©Z 50wU M‡íi †kl M‡í gvIjvbv hvKvwiqv e‡jb, dvhv‡q‡ji cyw —Kv mg~n wjLvi mgqKv‡j GB bvPxh I Zvi A‡bK eÜz ¯‡cœi g‡a¨ mymsev` cÖvß nb| †k‡l Ôdvhv‡q‡j `iƒ` kixdÕ †jLvi mgq yÕevi ¯cœ †`wL †h, GB cyw —Kv †k‡l K¡vQx`v (cÖksmvg~jK `xN© KweZv) Aek¨B wj‡Lv| ZLb Avwg †gvj−v Rvgxi weL¨vZ K¡vQx`v †jLvi wm×vš— wbB| †Kbbv D³ K¡vQx`v wj‡L n‡¾ †M‡j wZwb hLb g`xbvq wM‡q ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Ke‡ii cv‡k uvwo‡q Zv co‡Z Giv`v K‡ib, ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) g°vi Avgxi‡K cici yÕevi ¯‡cœ e‡j †`b †h, Rvgx †hb g`xbvq bv Av‡m| ZLb Zv‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i †RjLvbvq ivLv nq| c‡i Z…Zxqevi ¯‡cœ wZwb Avgxi‡K e‡jb †h, †jvKwU Acivax bq| Z‡e †m Avgvi cÖksmvq K¡vQx`v wj‡L‡Q, hv †m Avgvi Ke‡i G‡m co‡Z Pvq| Zv‡Z Zvi mv‡_ gyQvdvnvi Rb¨ Kei †_‡K Avgvi nvZ †ei n‡e| ZLb †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ wdrbvi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| †mRb¨ Avwg Zv‡K GLv‡b Avm‡Z wb‡la K‡iwQ|Õ Gici Zv‡K †Rj †_‡K †ei Kiv nq I D”P m¤§vb †`Iqv nq| †jLK gvIjvbv hvKvwiqv e‡jb, D³ Kvwnbx Rvbvi Kvi‡YB Zuvi wjwLZ K¡vQx`vi cÖwZ bvPx‡hi ü`q AvK…ó nq Ges GLbI ch©š— †mB aviYvq †Kvb e¨Z¨q N‡Uwb| AZtci wZwb 32 jvB‡bi dvm©x K¡vQx`v D ~© Abyev` mn †hvM K‡i‡Qb (c„t 112-113)|

Dc‡i ewY©Z Kvwnbxi gva¨‡g gvIjvbv hvKvwiqvi KziAvb-nv`xQ we‡ivax AvK¡x`v cwi®‹vi n‡q †M‡Q| †Kbbv KziAv‡b Avj−vn e‡j‡Qb, ÔZzwg †Kvb Keievmx‡K ïbv‡Z cv‡iv bvÕ (dvwZ¡i 35/22)| ÔZzwg †Kvb g„Ze¨w³‡K ïbv‡Z cv‡iv bvÕ (bvgj 27/80)| g„Ze¨w³ Kvi“ DcKvi ev ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †mUv m¤¢e n‡j Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Ke‡ii cv‡kB BgvgwZ Kiv Ae ’vq Ljxdv Igi (ivt)-Gi Dci AvZZvqxi nvgjv I c‡i kvnv`vZ jvf Ges gmwR‡`i cv‡kB Z…Zxq Lwjdv nhiZ IQgvb MYx (ivt)-Gi Dci we‡ ªvnx‡`i nvgjv I kvnv`vZ jvf ivm~j (Qvt) †VwK‡q w`‡Zb ev Ab¨‡`i ¯cœ †`wL‡q †VKv‡Z ej‡Zb| A_P Dc‡i ewY©Z GK D™¢U ¯cœ‡KB gvIjvbv hvKvwiqv Zuvi ZvejxMx

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 67 67

†bQve †jLvi D‡Ïk¨ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, hv G‡Kev‡iB Bmjvg we‡ivax|

`je× wPj−vi †cÖvMÖvg ev —evq‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡`i g~j D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K †`De›`x åvš— ZvÔjxg I Q~dx AvK¡x`v-wek¦vm †jvK‡`i ü`‡q †cÖvw_Z Kiv| gvIjvbv hvKvwiqvi ZvejxMx †bQv‡ei gva¨‡g †hUv me©Î cÖPvwiZ n‡”Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ GB RvgvÔAv‡Zi cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv Bwjqv‡mi åvš— AvK¡x`v Zvi wbR hevbx‡Z wbgœiƒc :

Ô¯‡cœi g‡a¨ weï× Ávb mg~n cÖw¶ß nq| hv beyA‡Zi Pwj−k fv‡Mi

GKfvM|Õ ÔAvRKvj ¯‡cœi gva¨‡g Avgvi g‡a¨ weï× Bjg mg~n ���û�f(@� ����� cÖw¶ß n‡”Q| GRb¨ †Póv Kie hv‡Z Avgvi Nyg †ekx nq| d‡j gv_vq †Zj gvwjk Kivq Zvi Nyg Lye †ekx nÕ‡Z jvMjÕ| AZtci wZwb

(gvIjvbv Bwjqvm) ej‡jb, A ©� �� � � Z�� ?� � f: e��@����: gY� õ���������

ÔZvejx‡Mi GB ZixKvI Avgvi Dci ¯‡cœi g‡a¨ weKwkZ n‡q‡QÕ|65

GBfv‡e cyiv ZvejxMx wbQve AjxK ¯‡cœ I wfwËnxb M‡í I Kvwnbx‡Z fic~i| hv co‡j I ïb‡j †h †KD me KvR I `vwqZ¡ †Q‡o †Kej ¯cœ I Kíbvi iv‡R¨ wePiY Ki‡e| d‡j gy‡L Ôivm~‡ji ZixKvq kvwš—Õ e‡j ni-nv‡gkv cÖPvi Pvjv‡jI GUv g~jZt Bwjqvmx ZixKvi cÖPvi, hv gvbyl‡K cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQgyLx bv K‡i Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Avwe®K…Z åvš— ZixKvgyLx K‡i|

wPj−v cÖ_v )�,�(C($Z� U( Pwj−k w`‡bi Rb¨ wbR¯ Li‡P Zvejx‡M †ei nIqv‡K ÔwPj−vÕ e‡j| wPj−v nÕj ZvejxMx‡`i wfwËg~jK i“Kb )����4� �)���( | †h e¨w³ wPj−vq †ei nq, Zv‡K Zviv gneŸZ K‡i, m¤§vb K‡i I Zvi Acivamg~n ¶gv K‡i| Avi hviv Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i, Zviv Zv‡K MÖnY K‡i bv, hw`I †m Bmjv‡gi dih-IqvwRemg~n cvjb K‡i| cÖPwjZ we`ÔAvZx ZvejxM‡K kixÔAvZ wm× cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ Zviv m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi 110 bs 65. Avãyi ingvb Dgix, ZvejxMx RvgvÔAvZ AvIi DmKv wbQve (bqvw`j−x : `vi“j wKZve, 1988

L„t), c„t 13; M„nxZ : gvjd‚hv‡Z gvIjvbv Bwjqvm c„t 51|

68 68 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv Avqv‡Z ewY©Z 8�>�� |�� �h�&;!�� HGi Ace¨vL¨v K‡i GUv‡KB ÔwPj−vi

c‡¶ KziAvbx wb‡ ©kÕ ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Ges GB g‡g© Zvejx‡Mi cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv Bwjqvm bvwK ¯‡cœ Avw`ó n‡q‡Qb GB g‡g© †h, �S&:�X

�� |�� >�8�� &;!�h��/ (_�[(�� �2 :�B���m� ÔwbðqB Zzwg gvby‡li Rb¨ Avwef~©Z n‡qQ bexM‡Yi b¨vq|Õ hw`I wZwb wb‡R wPj−vq †h‡Zb bv| eis AwaKvsk mgq Avãyj KzÏ~m Mv‡½vnxi Ke‡ii wcQ‡b e‡m _vK‡Zb Ges b~i mvC` ev`vq~bxi Ke‡ii wbK‡U wbivjvq RvgvÔAv‡Z QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb|66 A_P Ke‡i QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv kixÔAv‡Z K‡Vvifv‡e wbwl×| kvqL ZvwK¡DÏxb †njvjx e‡jb, ÔwPj−v Zv‡`i Øx‡bi mvigg©Õ

)�9;0= Y�b|( | Gi wfwˇZB Zviv ci¯ú‡i fvjev‡m A_ev kΓZv K‡i| A_P Gi gva¨‡g Zviv ag©xq I ˆelwqK Rxe‡b eo ai‡bi wech©q †W‡K Av‡b| †hgb, (1) Gi gva¨‡g Zviv Øx‡bi g‡a¨ we`ÔAvZ m„wó K‡i Ges mybœv‡Z ivm~‡ji we‡ivwaZv K‡i (2) Zviv ¿x-mš—vbvw` I wcZv-gvZvi nK bó K‡i (3) Qv·`i‡K Zv‡`i Øxbx Bj&g wk¶v Kiv †_‡K weiZ iv‡L (4) Zviv e¨emvqx‡`i e¨emv †_‡K ~‡i iv‡L Ges Zv‡`i gva¨‡g hviv hvKvZ I Qv`vK¡v jvf KiZ, Zv‡`i‡K ewÂZ K‡i| Gfv‡e eû ewÂZ gvby‡li Awf‡hvM Zv‡`i wei“‡× Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q I gvby‡li Kv‡Q Rgv nqÕ| wZwb e‡jb, ÔBmjvg Avmvi Av‡M eªvþY I †eŠ× wf¶ziv Nievwo †Q‡o cv‡q †n‡U eû ~‡i P‡j †hZ| eva¨ bv n‡j Zviv †Kvb wKQz‡Z mIqvi n‡Zv bv| AZtci R½‡j ev Ab¨ †Kv_vI wbivjvq e‡m ¶zr-wccvmvq KvZi n‡q Ck¦i e›`bvq wjß n‡Zv| Gfv‡e Zviv w`‡bi ci w`b KvwU‡q w`ZÕ| wZwb e‡jb, Ô†n ZvejxMxiv! †Zvgv‡`i GB Nievwo †Q‡o wPj−vq hvIqvi cÖ_v hw` eªvþY‡`i ag© †_‡K bv †bIqvI nq, Z_vwc GwU nÕj wbK…óZg we`ÔAvZ I wbK…óZg åóZv| hv fviZxq g~wZ©c~Rvix‡`i ûeû AbyKiY, hv †Zvgiv cy‡ivcywifv‡e Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kwi‡qQ| A_P †Zvgv‡`i GB †Rvk I cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv e¨q Kiv IqvwRe wQj ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mybœv‡Zi w`‡K gvbyl‡K AvnŸv‡bi Kv‡RÕ| wZwb e‡jb, ÔZvejxMx‡`i gv`ivmv¸wj gvby‡li ivq-wK¡qv‡mi wfwˇZ cwiPvwjZ nq I †mLv‡b

66. Avj-K¡vIjyj evjxM c„t 215, 16, 26|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 69 69

ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mybœvZ‡K msKzwPZ Kiv nqÕ| wZwb e‡jb, ÔZvejxMxiv e‡j, Zv‡`i wPj−vi gva¨‡g eû Agymwjg gymjgvb nqÕ| Dˇi GK_v ejv hvq †h, ÔG‡Z ïi“Uv fvj n‡jI cwiYv‡g g›` nq| †Kbbv †m Qvnvev, Zv‡eCb I mvjv‡d Qv‡jnx‡bi ZixKvq M‡o I‡V bv| eis ZvejxMx‡`i we`ÔAvZx I åvš— ixwZ‡Z M‡o I‡V| d‡j †h e¨w³ Gfv‡e ˆZix nq, †m e¨w³i Bmjvg Key‡j Lykx nevi wKQz †bB| †Kbbv †m 72 †dK©vi Aš—fy©³ nq, hv‡`i m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Rvnvbœv‡gi ytmsev` w`‡q‡QbÕ|67

wPj−vq wM‡q gvbyl‡K Qq DQ~j (Kv‡jgv, QvjvZ, Bjg I whKi, BKivgyj gymwjgxb, ZvQnx‡n wbqZ, ZvejxM) wkLv‡bv nq| d‡j Bmjv‡gi 5wU eywbqv` wk¶v (Cgvb, QvjvZ, hvKvZ, wQqvg, n¾) †MŠY n‡q hvq| Agwbfv‡e 4 gvhnve dih mn 130 dih gyL — Kiv‡bv nq| GQvov bvbv `v‡qgx dih, `v‡qgx mybœvZ, Lvbvwcbv-†ckve-cvqLvbv mn bvbvwea Av`e, dih-IqvwRe I mybœv‡Zi weivU ZvwjKv gyL — Kiv‡bv, MvkZ-ZvÔjxg, mdi-†gvkvIqviv, AZtci dvhv‡q‡ji evqvb BZ¨vw`i g‡a¨ GKRb gvbyl‡K me© v e¨ — ivLv nq|68 A_P Zv‡`i‡K KziAvb I nv`xQ wkLv‡bv nq bv| ZvInx` I wkiK, mybœvZ I we`ÔAvZ eySv‡bv nq bv| †h¸wj Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK welq|

nv`xQ cwieZ©‡b gvhnvex Av‡jgMY )����� ���[ N �!�\F� I��/,(

(1) kvdvÔAvZ : ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb ��.����'� �[ T34 ���¢��B�-(�� ��/ ��.&/�� ÔAvgvi kvdvÔAvZ n‡e Avgvi D¤§‡Zi Kvexiv †MvbvnMvi‡`i Rb¨Õ|69

gyÔZvwhjv weØvbM‡Yi g‡Z Kvexiv †MvbvnMviMY wPi ’vqx Rvnvbœvgx| Zviv kvdvÔAv‡Zi nK`vi bq| AZGe Zviv G nv`x‡Q ÔKvev‡qiÕ A_© K‡i‡Q ÔQvjvIqvZÕ A_©vr ÔQvjvZmg~‡ni AwaKvix gywgb‡`i Rb¨B Avgvi kvdvÔAvZ n‡eÕ| 67. Avj-K¡vIjyj evjxM c„t 222, 223| 68. GK †gvev‡j−‡Mi cqjv †bvU eB, BwÄwbqvi gynv¤§v` RyjwdKvi Avng` gRyg`vi (XvKv : 1978)| 69. Avey vE`, wZiwghx, cÖf„wZ, nv`xQ Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/5598|

70 70 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv †Kbbv ÔQvjvZÕ nÕj eo Bev`Z| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, �9&:�S�$� aq���B�-�� �S % ��!�� ���A� ��J(�� ÔQvjvZ wbðB eo welq, webZ ev›`vM‡Yi Dc‡i e¨ZxZÕ

(evK¡vivn 2/45)|70

(2) weZi : Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, �R��) ������� �� �� !� "� ���! ��# �$�� !�� ���1��0 ���b�_�� �% �*�A(<�0 %�S ��� &��T���|I. Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wZb ivKÔAvZ

weZi co‡Zb Ges †kl ivKÔAvZ e¨ZxZ em‡Zb bvÕ|71 wKš‘ R‰bK wn› y —vbx nvbvdx Av‡jg Zuv‡`i gyw ªZ Ôgy —v`iv‡K nv‡K‡gÕ wb‡R‡`i

gvhnv‡ei AbyK~‡j †mLv‡b �% �*�A(<�0 cvwë‡q �% �0��g!�� K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr wZwb †k‡li ivKÔAvZ e¨ZxZ Ômvjvg wdiv‡Zb bvÕ| †Kbbv nvbvdxMY wZb ivKÔAvZ weZ‡ii wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z ˆeVK K‡i _v‡Kb|

A_P gy —v`iv‡Ki D³ nv`x‡Qi bx‡P Bgvg hvnvexi ÔZvjLx‡QÕ wVKB �%�*�A(<�0 kã i‡q‡Q|72 evqnvK¡x‡ZI D³ nv`x‡Q �*�A(<�0 �% kã G‡m‡Q (3/28 c„t)| (3) Zvivexn : ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i †Kvb nv`xQ †bB| AZGe Igi dviƒK (ivt) †_‡K wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ Avey vE‡` ewY©Z ��0�� L�� +Y�! ��� -‡K ��0�� L�� +Y�A()�� Kiv n‡q‡Q wn› y —v‡b gyw ªZ Avey vE` MÖ‡š’|73 A_©vr Ôwek ivwÎÕ‡K Ôwek ivKÔAvZÕ evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| nv`xQwU nÕj : nvmvb e‡jb †h, Igi (ivt) DevB web KvÔ‡ei BgvgwZ‡Z Zvivexn&i Qvjv‡Z mevB‡K GKwÎZ K‡ib Ges wZwb Zv‡`i‡K 20 ivwÎ QvjvZ Av`vq KivbÕ...|74 D‡j−L¨ †h, Avie RM‡Zi cÖL¨vZ Av‡jg gynv¤§v` Avjx Qve~bx ¯xq ÔZvivexnÕ msµvš— eB‡qi 56 c„ôvq gyMbx Beby Kz vgvn&i eiv‡Z �� L�� 0�� ��()�A+Y

70. hvIqv‡eÔ c„t 319| 71. hvIqv‡eÔ c„t 325; gy —v`iv‡K nv‡Kg| 72. gy —v`iv‡K nv‡Kg (nvq`ivev` : 1335 wnt/1910L„t) c„t 1/304| 73. hvIqv‡eÔ c„t 328| 74. Avey vE` nv/1429; H, wgkKvZ nv/1293 ÔKzb~ZÕ Aby‡”Q`, nv`xQ hCd|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 71 71

wj‡L‡Qb| Gi Øviv wZwb DׄwZ‡Z ÔZvnixdÕ (cwieZ©b) K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv gyMbx‡Z �� L�� 0�� �� ��!+Y i‡q‡Q| Avn‡jnv`xQM‡Yi wei“‡× gynv¤§v` Avjx Qve~bxi we‡Øl weØvbM‡Yi wbK‡U eûj cwiwPZ| Avj−vn&i ¸Yvejx m¤úwK©Z Zuvi AvK¡x`v Avn‡j mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi we‡ivax|75 (4) evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ e½vbyev` Zvdmxi I nv`xQmg~‡ni wKZv‡e gvhnvex msKx©YZvi fywi fywi cÖgvY myax R‡bi wbK‡U ¯úófv‡e cÖgvwYZ| me©vwaK cÖwm× e½vbyev` Ô†gkKvZ kix‡dÕ gyÔZvwhjv I gywR©qv‡`i AbyK‚‡j Ges nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei c‡¶ nv`x‡Qi fyj Abyev` I e¨vL¨v †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K kvqLyj nv`xQ Avhxhyj nK-Gi e½vbyev` eyLvix‡K †Zv mivmwi ÔivÏyj eyLvixÕ ejvB DËg| bvbv UxKv-wUàbx w`‡q eyLvixi Qnxn nv`xQ¸wj i` KivB †hb Zuvi e½vbyev‡`i g~j D‡Ïk¨| †Kbbv Qnxn eyLvix‡Z nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei AbyK‚‡j Qvjv‡Z bvwfi bx‡P nvZ euvav, bxi‡e Avgxb ejv, ivdÔDj Bqv`v‡qb bv Kiv, Rvbvhvi Qvjv‡Z m~iv dvwZnv bv cov, wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivex cov BZ¨vw`i †Kvb nv`xQ bvB| eis Gm‡ei wec‡¶ nv`xQ i‡q‡Q| AZGe †h †Kvb g~‡j¨ †m¸wj‡K i` Kivi Rb¨ wUKv‡Z ixwZgZ gvhnvex KuvwP Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| (5) DQ~‡j wdK¡n ev ÔwdK¡‡ni g~jbxwZmg~nÕ bv‡g DQ~jyk kvkx, b~i“j AvbIqvi cÖf„wZ †hme eB cieZ©xKv‡j iwPZ n‡q‡Q Ges †h¸wj Dcgnv‡`‡ki gv`ivmv I wek¦we`¨vjqmg~‡n cvV¨eB wnmv‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q, †m¸wj‡Z wb‡R‡`i iwPZ g~jbxwZ we‡ivax Qnxn nv`xQmg~n‡K b¨v°viRbKfv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb Ôb~i“j AvbIqviÕ-Gi ÔLvQÕ Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z Qvjv‡Z ZvÔ`x‡j AviKvb dih nIqvi wel‡q eyLvix I gymwjg-Gi Qnxn nv`xQ‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kivmn Ab¨vb¨ D`vniY mg~n| G wel‡q we —vwiZ Av‡jvPbv †k‡l kvn& IqvwjDj−vn gynvwÏQ †`njfx (1114-1176/1703-1762) e‡jb,

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75. we —vwiZ Av‡jvPbv `ªóe¨ : hvIqv‡eÔ c„t 325-331|

72 72 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv ÔAbyiƒc welq¸wji meB Bgvg‡`i K_vi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i DQ~j †ei

Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_P G¸wji †Kvb GKwUiI eY©bv Avey nvbxdv I Zuvi yB wkl¨ †_‡K weï×fv‡e cÖgvwYZ bqÕ|76 G Kvi‡YB fy³‡fvMxMY DQ~‡j wdK¡n-‡K Ônv`xQ KvUv KuvwPÕ e‡j _v‡Kb| A_©vr wb‡R‡`i gvhnve we‡ivax Qnxn nv`xQ mg~n‡K KZ©b Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B ÔDQ~‡j wdK¡nÕ bv‡g c„_K kv ¿ ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q|

(4) Qvjv‡Z bvfxi bx‡P nvZ euvav : G wel‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K †Kvb Qnxn nv`xQ †bB| ZvB gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn‡Z ewY©Z nv`x‡Q (1/390) �1 Z�8G��� &��q (bvfxi bx‡P) K_vwU †hvM K‡i nv`xQ cwieZ©b (Zvnixd) Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi GKvRwU K‡i‡Q KivPxi ÔG`vivZzj KziAvb Iqvj Dj~wgj BmjvwgqvnÕ bvgK cÖKvkbv ms ’vÕ| fvi‡Zi Av‡bvqvi kvn Kv®§xixi b¨vq weL¨vZ nvbvdx Av‡jgMY hvi cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb|

(5) i“K‚i Av‡M I c‡i ivdÔDj Bqv`v‡qb Kiv : nvbvdx gvhnv‡e GUv bvRv‡qh| A_P Pvi Ljxdv I Avkviv‡q gyevkkivn mn Ab~ b 50 Rb Qvnvex †_‡K G wel‡q Ab~ b 400 Qnxn nv`xQ I AvQvi ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †mªd gvhnvex †Muvovgxi Kvi‡Y fvi‡Zi nvq`vivev` Qvcv gymbv‡` Avey ÔAvIqvbv‡Z ewY©Z ��9�A�� ��0 �%�$ †_‡K $�$ wejyß K‡i †m&ªd ��9�A�� ��0 �% Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z g~j A_© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c D‡ë wM‡q wb‡R‡`i gvhnv‡ei c‡¶ A_© Kiv hvq| A_©vr g~‡j wQj ���� �� �� ���6������� �8 0���� ������� ��

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Igi (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K †`‡LwQ hLb wZwb QvjvZ ïi“ K‡ib ZLb yB nvZ Kuva ch©š— DuPz K‡ib Ges hLb i“K‚‡Z hvIqvi Giv`v K‡ib I i“K‚ †_‡K gv_v DVvb| Avi wZwb yÕnvZ DuPz

76. n¾vZyj−vwnj ev‡jMvn 1/160 c„t|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 73 73

K‡ibwb, †KD e‡j‡Qb DuPz K‡ibwb yB wmR`vi gv‡S| Aek¨ A_© GKB|Õ AÎ ev‡K¨ �$�%�0 ����A�9�6� -Gi $�$ (Avi) kãwU wejyß Ki‡j A_© n‡e nvbvdx gvhnve g‡Z wZwb i“K‚‡Z hvIqv Ges IVvi mgq yÕnvZ DVvbwb| A_P g~j nv`xQ Zvi wecixZ|77

ïay ZvB bq †Lv` Bgvg eyLvixi D —v` ûgvq`xi (g„. 219wnt) weL¨vZ MÖš’ gymbv yj ûgvq`x‡ZI kvwãK cwieZ©b Avbv n‡q‡Q| †hgb nvexeyi ingvb AvÔhvgxi ZvnKxKK…Z fviZxq Qvcv (1387 wnt/1963 L„t) gymbv yj ûgvq`x nv/614-†Z Beby Igi (ivt) ewY©Z ivdÔDj

Bqv`v‡qb-Gi weL¨vZ nv`x‡Q �%�$ ��0���� �� ��� �� ��1�* k&��� -Gi Av‡M ���b�0 ����� �$�%�� ���&��� k�*�1 ��� Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr Ôi“K‚‡Z hvIqv I i“K‚ †_‡K

IVvi mgq ivdÔDj Bqv`v‡qb Ki‡Zb bv Ges yB wmR`v‡ZI Ki‡Zb bv|Õ78

(6) Bgv‡gi ZvK¡jx` Ges wb‡R‡`i gvhnve cÖgvY Ki‡Z wM‡q m~iv wbmv 59 Avqv‡Zi Zvdmx‡i kvqL gvng~ yj nvmvb †`De›`x (g„. 1339

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(7) KziAvb mn‡R gyL —‡hvM¨ nIqvi c‡¶ cÖgvY †ck Ki‡Z wM‡q

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Abyev` K‡i‡Qb, ���a� � � � �� � qa� #ôH�j�!�"�¡�§j�����##i��[�§�²Ã 77. hvIqv‡eÔ 337 c„t| 78. hvIqv‡eÔ 340 c„t| 79. hvIqv‡eÔ 321 c„t (UxKv-2)|

74 74 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv �ú�8� �§j ÔAvgiv KziAvb‡K wndh Kivi Rb¨ mnR K‡iwQ| Av‡Q wK

†KD †ndhKvix?80 A_P Ab¨vb¨ mKj weØvb D³ Avqv‡Zi Abyev` K‡i‡Qb, ÔAvgiv KziAvb‡K mnR K‡iwQ Dc‡`k jv‡fi Rb¨| AZGe Av‡Q wK †KD Dc‡`k cÖnYKvix?Õ

Ggwbfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ gvmAvjvi e¨vcv‡iI nv`x‡Qi gZb (Text) cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q †mªd gvhnvex †Muvovgxi ekeZ©x n‡q| GgbwK KziAv‡bi †Kvb †Kvb Avqv‡Zi cwieZ©b Avbv n‡q‡Q ytmvnwmKfv‡e| GQvovI i‡q‡Q nv`x‡Qi GKvsk, hv wbR gvhnv‡ei Ab~K~‡j, †mUzKz MÖnY Kiv I evKx Ask hv ¯xq gvhnv‡ei cÖwZK‚‡j Zv eR©b Kivi AmsL¨ cÖgvY| GgbwK Qnxn nv`x‡Qi A_© wbR gvhnv‡ei AbyK~‡j weK…Z Kivi bhx‡ii †Kvb Afve †bB| Abyiƒcfv‡e ¯xq Bgv‡gi c‡¶ I Ab¨ gvhnv‡ei Bgv‡gi wei“‡× †bvsiv gš—e¨ K‡i nv`xQ evbv‡bvi eû cÖgvY †ck Kiv hv‡e| ejv evûj¨, G¸wj nv`xQ A¯xKvi Kivi PvB‡Z †Kvb As‡k Kg bq| eis Zvi PvB‡Z gvivZ¥K| GQvovI i‡q‡Q hCd I gIh~ nv`x‡Q fiv, mv‡_ mv‡_ KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi Ace¨vL¨vq ficyi wKZvemg~n| A_P †m¸wji cÖPjb Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ LyeB †ekx|

Gw`‡K Bw½Z K‡iB L¨vZbvgv nvbvdx weØvb Avãyj nvB jv‡¶èŠex (1848-1886 L„t) nvbvdx I kv‡dC gvhnv‡ei Ô†n`vqvÕ I ÔAvj-IqvRxhÕ cÖf„wZ wek¦ — wdK¡n MÖš’¸wji AgvR©bxq nv`xQ we‡ivwaZv m¤ú‡K© e‡jb †h, G¸wj F��� �% D�Y�� ��s ��6(�� �� 0�=����2(�� ���/ m ��! 6�/ ��6f�$��.�'(�� ÔgIh~Õ hv Rvj nv`xQ Øviv cwic~Y©, we‡kl K‡i drIqvmg~‡ni †¶‡ÎÕ|81

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80. dvhv‡q‡j KziAvb gvRx` c„t 55| 81. gyK¡vÏvgv bv‡dÔ Kexi c„t 13|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 75 75

ΓwUc~Y© K‡i w`‡”Q| A‡bK †¶‡Î D³ †jLbxmg~n bvw —K¨ev`x I ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev`x †jLK‡`i mnvqK wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Q| AZGe Avgv‡`i †PvL-Kvb me© v †Lvjv ivL‡Z n‡e| m¤¢eZt GKvi‡YB L¨vZbvgv Zv‡eC weØvb gynv¤§v` Beby mxixb (33-110 wnt) e‡j‡Qb, ��-�; 0�= �R $�E�|(2�1 �&6�� � $��� :��� DU� 0�= ��(!�A(�� ��E�T R�S Ôwbðq KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi Bj&gUvB nÕj Øxb| AZGe †Zvgiv †`L, Kvi wbKU †_‡K Øxb MÖnY KiQÕ|82

Bgvg kv‡dC (int)-Gi D —v` Bgvg AKxÔ (int) e‡jb, z!x �/ �9� @��T f&�<.�� �0*M� z!x �/$ DY;� z��� �9� @m�> �6) �0*M�

Y�*� z���H Ô†h e¨w³ nv`xQ AbymÜvb K‡i †hfv‡e Zv G‡m‡Q †mfv‡e, H e¨w³ mybœv‡Zi Abymvix| Avi †h e¨w³ nv`xQ AbymÜvb K‡i Zvi wb‡Ri aviYv‡K kw³kvjx Kivi Rb¨, H e¨w³ we`ÔAvZx|Õ wZwb AviI e‡jb, %S R$�0 % Y�*B�� [T�$ �9�!� �/$ �� �/ R$�0 Y;��� [T�

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A‡b‡Ki aviYv, nv`x‡Qi †L`gZ Ki‡jB wZwb nv`xQcš’x n‡q _v‡Kb| wKš‘ Avm‡j Zv bq| gvhnvex †Muvovgx Ges we`ÔAvZx AvK¡x`vi Kvi‡Y nv`x‡Qi b~i Zvi Dci Kvh©Ki nq bv| Zvi Rv¾¡j¨gvb cÖgvY Dc‡ii kvqLyj nv`xQMY Ges †`De›`x I †eªjfx kxl© ’vbxq Av‡jg‡`i weK…Z AvK¡x`v I Avgjmg~‡ni Dc‡i wjwLZ eB-wKZve mg~n|

g~jZt Gme Kvi‡YB Dcgnv‡`‡k gymwjg mgv‡R AbycÖweó n‡q‡Q ÔIqvn`vZzj DR~ Õ I Ôûj~jÕ A_©vr A‰ØZev`x I m‡e©k¦iev`x Kzdix

82. gyK¡vÏvgv gymwjg; wgkKvZ nv/273 ÔBj&gÕ Aa¨vq| 83. hvIqv‡eÔ c„t 354|

76 76 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv `k©b| cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q evwZj AvK¡x`vmg~n| †hgb, Avj−vn wbivKvi|

wZwb me©Î weivRgvb| ÔAve& I gvÔe~‡` †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| hZ Kj−v ZZ Avj−vn| gynv¤§v` (Qvt) b~‡ii ˆZix| wZwb me©Î nvwhi-bvwhi| cxi-gvkv‡qLMY g‡i wM‡qI Ke‡i †eu‡P _v‡Kb I f³‡`i Av‡e`b ï‡bb I Zv c~iY K‡ibÕ BZ¨vw` wkiKx wek¦vm mg~n| †mR‡b¨B gvbyl QvjvZ-wQqv‡gi PvB‡Z Z_vKw_Z gvÔ‡idZ nvwQj, gxjv`-wK¡qvg I Keic~Rvi cÖwZ †ekx ¸i“Z¡ w`‡”Q| Gm‡ei wei“‡× ej‡j Zviv †Rv‡ii mv‡_ e‡jb, �FL�� ���T �= ��B A�6(���$ �* B�A(�� �� ��� �P 0��('&.����#�; ��A�� �jH Ôm„wó I m„wóKZ©vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ KivUvB nÕj cÖK…Z wkiK|Õ GRb¨ Zviv KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi weK…Z A_© Ki‡ZI wØav K‡ibwb| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, ([�� ��0 �f�=��B�� ��0�E �� ������ ��� ��!�� ��9���' :�� �% ���Q�;(<�1 ��/ �Y�6 ��� �� ÔAvcwb ejyb, †n Avgvi ev›`vMY! hviv wb‡R‡`i Dc‡i hyjyg K‡iQ, †Zvgiv Avj−vn&i ingZ †_‡K wbivk n‡qv bvÕ (hygvi 39/53)| GLv‡b f�=��B�� (Avgvi ev›`vMY) A_© Kiv n‡q‡Q ���B�=�&��� ����� Ôivm~‡ji ev›`vMYÕ (bvEhywej−vn)|84 GQvovI i‡q‡Qb AwZ mv¤cÖwZK fviZxq gynvwÏQ kvqL nvexeyi ingvb AvÔhgx nvbvdx (1319-1413wnt/1900-1992L„t), whwb nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i 40 L‡Êi wekvj MÖš’ivwR msKjb K‡i‡Qb Ges nv`x‡Qi †L`g‡Z Rxe‡bi 60 eQ‡ii AwaK mgq e¨q K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Zvi gvhnvex †Muvovgx‡Z †KvbB cwieZ©b Av‡mwb|85 d‡j Zvi GB weivU wL`gZ cÊkªg e¨ZxZ wKQzB nqwb| Avj−vn Avgv‡`i‡K i¶v Ki“b! cwi‡k‡l eje, nv`xQ nÕj Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Zi wØZxq g~j —¤¢| KziAvb I nv`xQ Df‡qiB †ndvh‡Zi `vwqZ¡ ¯qs Avj−vn MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| AZGe, nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZvq Awek¦vm ev m‡›`n †cvlY †Kvb Ae ’v‡ZB MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| Avj−vn Avgv‡`i Øxb I Cgvb‡K †ndvhZ Ki“b- Avgxb! 84. mvB‡q` Zv‡jeyi ingvb, Av`-‡`De›`xqvn (ivIqvjwcwÊ, Zvwe) c„t 18-19; M„nxZ : nvRx

Gg`v`yj−vn gynvwR‡i gv°x (g„t 1276 wnt), kvgv‡q‡g Gg`vw`qv (gv`vbx KzZzeLvbv, gyjZvb, cvwK —vb) c„t 37, 71, 81| †eªjfx‡`i AvK¡x`v I BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© `ªóe¨ : Bnmvb Bjvnx hnxi cÖYxZ ÔAvj-†eªjwfqvn : AvK¡v‡q` Iqv ZvixLÕ (wiqv` : 1404/1984)|

85. hvIqv‡eÔ c„t 314|

nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 77 77

Ki‡Rv‡o wb‡e`b

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nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv 79 79

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µgweKvk; `w¶Y Gwkqvi †cÖw¶Zmn (W±‡iU w_wmm)

gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 200/=

02 Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb wK I †Kb? gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 20/= 03 `vIqvZ I wRnv` gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 15/= 04 gvmv‡q‡j Kzievbx I AvK¡xK¡v (2q ms ‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 20/= 05 gxjv` cÖm½ gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 10/= 06 k‡eeivZ gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 10/= 07 Aviex K¡v‡q`v gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 15/= 08 QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) (4_© ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 100/= 09 ZvjvK I Zvnjxj gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 20/= 10 n¾ I Igivn (3q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 25/= 11 AvK¡x`v Bmjvwgqvn gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 10/= 12 D`vË AvnŸvb gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 10/= 13 Bmjvgx wLjvdZ I †bZ…Z¡ wbe©vPb gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 18/= 14 BK¡vg‡Z Øxb : c_ I c×wZ gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 12/= 15 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv (2q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 30/= 16 Avk~iv‡q gynviig I Avgv‡`i KiYxq gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 10/= 17 mgvR wec−‡ei aviv gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 12/= 18 wZbwU gZev` (2q ms¯‹iY) gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 25/= 19 ˆbwZK wfwË I cÖ —vebv gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 10/= 20 ag©wbi‡c¶Zvev` gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 21 Bbmv‡b Kv‡gj gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 15/= 22 Qwe I g~wZ© gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 15/= 23 bex‡`i Kvwnbx-1 gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 120/= 24 bex‡`i Kvwnbx-2 gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje 100/= 25 bqwU cÖ‡kœi DËi gynv¤§v` bv‡Qi“Ïxb Avjevbx (Aby:) 15/= 26 AvK¡x`v‡q gynv¤§v`x gvIjvbv Avngv` Avjx 10/= 27 wKZve I mybœv‡Zi w`‡K wd‡i Pj Avjx Lvkvb (Aby:) 15/= 28 Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡b weR‡qi ¯iƒc bv‡Qi web †mvjvqgvb Avj-Igi (Aby:) 30/= 29 m~ kvn gynv¤§v` nvexeyi ingvb 25/= 30 GKwU c‡Îi RIqve Avãyj−v‡nj Kvdx Avj-†Kvivqkx 12/= 31 RvMiYx Avj-†niv wkíx‡Mvôx 25/= 32 we`ÔAvZ nÕ‡Z mveavb Avãyj Avhxh web Avãyj−vn web evh (Aby:) 18/= 33 mvwnwZ¨K gvIjvbv Avngv` Avjx †kL AvLZvi †nv‡mb 18/= 34 Salatur Rasool (sm) Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib 200/= 35 Ahle hadeeth movement What

& Why? Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib 40/=

36 Interest Shah Muhammad Habibur Rahman 50/= 37 nv`x‡Qi Mí M‡elYv wefvM, nv.dv.ev. 25/= 38 ’vqx K¨v‡jÊvi (2q ms¯‹iY) M‡elYv wefvM, nv.dv.ev. 25/= 39 Rxe‡bi mdim~Px (cÖPvicÎ) 15/=

Ônv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`kÕ cÖKvwkZ eB mg~n

80 80 nv`x‡Qi cÖvgvwYKZv