hadoop (bda) and oracle technologies on bi projects · pdf filet : +44 (0) 1273 911 268 (uk)...

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Hadoop (BDA) and Oracle Technologies

on BI Projects

Mark Rittman, CTO, Rittman Mead

Dutch Oracle Users Group, Jan 14th 2015

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About the Speaker

•Mark Rittman, Co-Founder of Rittman Mead

•Oracle ACE Director, specialising in Oracle BI&DW

•14 Years Experience with Oracle Technology

•Regular columnist for Oracle Magazine

•Author of two Oracle Press Oracle BI books

•Oracle Business Intelligence Developers Guide

•Oracle Exalytics Revealed

•Writer for Rittman Mead Blog :

http://www.rittmanmead.com/blog

•Email : [email protected]

•Twitter : @markrittman

http://www.rittmanmead.com/blog

mailto:[email protected]

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About Rittman Mead

•Oracle BI and DW Gold partner

•Winner of five UKOUG Partner of the Year awards in 2013 - including BI

•World leading specialist partner for technical excellence, solutions delivery and innovation in Oracle BI

•Approximately 80 consultants worldwide

•All expert in Oracle BI and DW

•Offices in US (Atlanta), Europe, Australia and India

•Skills in broad range of supporting Oracle tools:

‣OBIEE, OBIA

‣ODIEE

‣Essbase, Oracle OLAP

‣GoldenGate

‣Endeca

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Agenda

•Part 1 : The Hadoop (BDA) technical stack for Oracle BI/DW projects

‣Why are Oracle BI/DW customers adopting Hadoop (BDA) technologies?

‣What are the Oracle and Cloudera products being used?

‣New Oracle products on the roadmap - Big Data Discovery, Big Data SQL futures

‣Where does OBIEE, ODI etc fit in with these new products

‣Rittman Mead’s development platform

•Part 2 : Rittman Mead Hadoop (BDA) + Oracle BI Project Experiences

‣What is Cloudera CDH, and the BDA, like to work with?

‣How do we approach projects and PoCs?

‣What architecture and approach do we actually take, now?

‣How well do OBIEE and ODI work with Hadoop and BDA?

‣What are the emerging techs, products and architectures we see for 2015+?

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Part 1 :

The Hadoop (BDA) technical stack for Oracle BI/DW projects

or … How did we get here?

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15+ Years in Oracle BI and Data Warehousing

•Started back in 1997 on a bank Oracle DW project

•Our tools were Oracle 7.3.4, SQL*Plus, PL/SQL

and shell scripts

•Went on to use Oracle Developer/2000 and Designer/2000

•Our initial users queried the DW using SQL*Plus

•And later on, we rolled-out Discoverer/2000 to everyone else

•And life was fun…

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The Oracle-Centric DW Architecture

•Over time, this data warehouse architecture developed

•Added Oracle Warehouse Builder to

automate and model the DW build

•Oracle 9i Application Server (yay!)

to deliver reports and web portals

•Data Mining and OLAP in the database

•Oracle 9i for in-database ETL (and RAC)

•Data was typically loaded from

Oracle RBDMS and EBS

• It was turtles Oracle all the way down…

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The State of the Art for BI & DW Was This..

•Oracle Discoverer “Drake” - Combining Relational and OLAP Analysis for Oracle RDBMS

•Oracle Portal, part of Oracle 9iAS

•Oracle Warehouse Builder 9iAS / “Paris”

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Then Came Siebel Analytics … and OBIEE

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The Oracle BI & DW World Changed

•Siebel Analytics replaced Oracle DIscoverer

•Oracle Data Integrator replaced Oracle Warehouse Builder

•Hyperion Essbase Replaced Oracle OLAP

•You were as likely to be loading from SQL Server as from Oracle

•They made us do things we didn’t like to do …

‣Add a mid-tier virtual DW engine on

top of the database

‣Export data out of Oracle into an OLAP server

‣Improve query performance using tools

outside of the Oracle data warehouse

‣It was all a bit scary…

‣… Not to mention that WebLogic stuff

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Introducing - The Oracle Reference DW Architecture

•Recognizing the difference between long-term storage of DW data (the “foundation” layer)

•And organizing the data for queries and easy navigation (the “access + performance layer”)

•Also recognising where OBIEE had been game-changing - federated queries

•… Things are good again

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and now … this happened

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Today’s Oracle Information Management Architecture

Actionable

Events

Event Engine Data Reservoir

Data Factory Enterprise Information Store

Reporting

Discovery Lab

Actionable

Information

Actionable

Insights

Input Events

Execution

Innovation

Discovery Output

Events & Data

Structured

Enterprise

Data

Other

Data

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Today’s Layered Data Warehouse Architecture

Vir

tualiz

ation &

Query

Federa

tion

Enterprise Performance Management

Pre-built & Ad-hoc BI Assets

Information

Services

Data Ingestion

Information Interpretation

Access & Performance Layer

Foundation Data Layer

Raw Data Reservoir

Data Science

Data Engines & Poly-structured sources

Content

Docs Web & Social Media

SMS

Structured Data

Sources

• Operational Data

• COTS Data

• Master & Ref. Data

• Streaming & BAM

Immutable raw data reservoir

Raw data at rest is not interpreted

Immutable modelled data. Business

Process Neutral form. Abstracted from

business process changes

Past, current and future interpretation of

enterprise data. Structured to support agile

access & navigation

Discovery Lab Sandboxes Rapid Development Sandboxes

Project based data stores to

support specific discovery

objectives

Project based data stored to

facilitate rapid content /

presentation delivery

Data Sources

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The Oracle Data Warehousing Platform - 2014

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Introducing … The “Data Reservoir”?

•A reservoir is a lake than also can process and refine (your data)

•Wide-ranging source of low-density, lower-value data to complement the DW

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Oracle’s Big Data Products

•Oracle Big Data Appliance

‣Optimized hardware for Hadoop processing

‣Cloudera Distribution incl. Hadoop

‣Oracle Big Data Connectors, ODI etc

•Oracle Big Data Connectors

•Oracle Big Data SQL

•Oracle NoSQL Database

•Oracle Data Integrator

•Oracle R Distribution

•OBIEE, BI Publisher and

Endeca Info Discovery

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Just Released - Oracle Big Data SQL

•Part of Oracle Big Data 4.0 (BDA-only)

‣Also requires Oracle Database 12c, Oracle Exadata Database Machine

•… More on this later

Exadata

Storage Servers

Hadoop

Cluster

Exadata Database

Server

Oracle Big

Data SQL

SQL Queries

SmartScan SmartScan

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Coming Soon : Oracle Big Data Discovery

•Combining of Endeca Server search, analysis and visualisation capabilities

with Apache Spark data munging and transformation

‣Analyse, parse, explore and “wrangle” data using graphical tools and a Spark-based

transformation engine

‣Create a catalog of the data on

your Hadoop cluster, then search

that catalog using Endeca Server

‣Create recommendations of other

datasets, based on what

you’re looking at now

‣Visualize your datasets,

discover new insights

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Coming Soon : Oracle Data Enrichment Cloud Service

•Cloud-based service for loading, enriching, cleansing and supplementing Hadoop data

•Part of the Oracle Data Integration product family

•Used up-stream from Big Data Discovery

•Aims to solve the “data quality problem” for Hadoop

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Combining Oracle RDBMS with Hadoop + NoSQL

•High-value, high-density data goes into Oracle RDBMS

•Better support for fast queries, summaries, referential integrity etc

•Lower-value, lower-density data goes into Hadoop + NoSQL

‣Also provides flexible schema, more agile development

•Successful next-generation BI+DW projects combine both - neither on their own is sufficient

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Productising the Next-Generation IM Architecture

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Still a Key Role for Data Integration, and BI Tools

•Fast, scaleable low-cost / flexible-schema data capture using Hadoop + NoSQL (BDA)

•Long-term storage of the most important downstream data - Oracle RBDMS (Exadata)

•Fast analysis + business-friendly interface : OBIEE, Endeca (Exalytics), RTD etc

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OBIEE for Enterprise Analysis Across all Data Sources

•Dashboards, analyses, OLAP analytics, scorecards,

published reporting, mobile

•Presented as an integrated business semantic model

•Optional mid-tier query acceleration using

Oracle Exalytics In-Memory Machine

•Access data from RBDMS, applications,

Hadoop, OLAP, ADF BCs etc

Enterprise Semantic

Business Model

Business Presentation

Layer (Reports, Dashboards)

In-Memory Caching Layer

Application

Sources

Hadoop /

NoSQL

Sources

DW / OLAP Sources

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Bringing it All Together : Oracle Data Integrator 12c

•ODI provides an excellent framework for running Hadoop ETL jobs

‣ELT approach pushes transformations down to Hadoop - leveraging power of cluster

•Hive, HBase, Sqoop and OLH/ODCH KMs provide native Hadoop loading / transformation

‣Whilst still preserving RDBMS push-down

‣Extensible to cover Pig, Spark etc

•Process orchestration

•Data quality / error handling

•Metadata and model-driven

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Oracle’s Product Strategy

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Rittman Mead Hadoop (BDA) + Oracle BI Project Experiences

•Working with (Cloudera) Hadoop, + Hive, NoSQL, etc

•Working with the Oracle Big Data Appliance

•Typical Hadoop + BI Use-Cases

•How Rittman Mead approaches Hadoop + Oracle BI projects

•Hadoop things that keep the CIO awake at night…

•ODI and Hadoop

•OBIEE and Hadoop

•Oracle Big Data SQL

•Futures - Apache Spark, Next-Generation Hive, Big Data Discovery

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Why is Hadoop of Interest to Us?

•Gives us an ability to store more data, at more detail, for longer

•Provides a cost-effective way to analyse vast amounts of data

•Hadoop & NoSQL technologies can give us “schema-on-read” capabilities

•There’s vast amounts of innovation in this area we can harness

•And it’s very complementary to Oracle BI & DW

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Oracle & Hadoop Use-Cases

•Use Hadoop as a low-cost, horizontally-scalable DW archive

•Use Hadoop, Hive and MapReduce for low-cost ETL staging

•Support standalone-Hadoop analysis with Oracle reference data

•Extend the DW with new data sources, datatypes, detail-level data

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The Killer, Tech-Focused Use Case : Data Reservoir

•A reservoir is a lake than also can process and refine (your data)

•Wide-ranging source of low-density, lower-value data to complement the DW

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Typical Business Use Case : 360 Degree View of Cust / Process

•OLTP transactional tells us what happened (in the past), but not “why”

•Common customer requirement now is to get a “360 degree view” of their activity

‣Understand what’s being said about them

‣External drivers for interest, activity

‣Understand more about customer intent, opinions

•One example is to add details of social media mentions,

likes, tweets and retweets etc to the transactional dataset

‣Correlate twitter activity with sales increases, drops

‣Measure impact of social media strategy

‣Gather and include textual, sentiment, contextual

data from surveys, media etc

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Initial PoC over 4-6 Weeks

•Focus on high-productivity data analyst tools to identify key data, insights

•Typically performed using R, CDH on VMs, lots of scripting, lots of client interaction

•Focus on the “discovery” phase

‣Governance, dashboards,

productionizing can come later

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Discovery vs. Exploitation Project Phases

•Discovery and monetising steps in Big Data projects have different requirements

•Discovery phase

‣Unbounded discovery

‣Self-Service sandbox

‣Wide toolset

•Promotion to Exploitation

‣Commercial exploitation

‣Narrower toolset

‣Integration to operations

‣Non-functional requirements

‣Code standardisation & governance

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Rittman Mead Development Lab

64GB RAM, 6TB Disk

Core i7 4x3.6GHz

VMWare ESXi 5.5

vmhost2 vmhost3 vmhost4 vmhost5

BDP 2.2 Cluster

5 x nodes

CDH 5.3 Cluster

5 x nodes

Kerberos-Secured

CDH 5.2 Cluster

6 x nodes (16-32GB RAM / node)

Oracle RDBMS

OBIEE 11g

ODI12c

BI Apps 11g

KDC LDAP

64GB RAM, 6TB Disk

Core i7 4x3.6GHz

VMWare ESXi 5.5

64GB RAM, 6TB Disk

Core i7 4x3.6GHz

VMWare ESXi 5.5

64GB RAM, 6TB Disk

Core i7 4x3.6GHz

VMWare ESXi 5.5

iSCSI LUN shared VMFS cluster filesystem

Synology DS414 NAS, 6TB

(For testing VMWare VMotion failover, large HDFS datasets etc)

Mac Mini Server

OS X Server

DNS etc

EM 12c R4 VCenter

16GB RAM, 1TB Disk

Core i7 2x3.6GHz

Vigor 2830n Router

VPN, DHCP etc

•4 x 64GB VM Servers

• 256GB RAM across cluster

• 36TB Storage

• VMWare ESXi 5.5 + VCenter

•Additional iSCSI 6TB storage

• Synology DS414 NAS

•Demo / Free Software Installs

‣Cloudera CDH5 Express

- and BDP2.2 for Tez

‣Oracle RBDMS, OBIEE, ODI etc

‣Oracle Big Data Connectors

‣Oracle EM 12cR4

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Cluster Management

•VMWare VSphere 5 + VCenter Server

•Oracle Enterprise Manager 12cR4 Cloud Control

•OSX Server Yosemite

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So …

how well does it work?

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Part 1 :

Rittman Mead Hadoop (BDA) + Oracle BI

Project Experiences

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Typical RM Project BDA Topology

•Starter BDA rack, or full rack

•Kerberos-secured using

included KDC server

• Integration with corporate LDAP

for Cloudera Manager, Hue etc

•Developer access through Hue,

Beeline, R Studio

•End-user access through

OBIEE, Endeca and other tools

‣With final datasets usually

exported to Exadata or Exalytics

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Oracle Big Data Appliance

•Engineered system for big data processing and analysis

•Optimized for enterprise Hadoop workloads

•288 Intel® Xeon® E5 Processors

•1152 GB total memory

•648TB total raw storage capacity

‣Cloudera Distribution of Hadoop

‣Cloudera Manager

‣Open-source R

‣Oracle NoSQL Database Community Edition

‣Oracle Enterprise Linux + Oracle JVM

‣New - Oracle Big Data SQL

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Working with Oracle Big Data Appliance

•Don’t underestimate the value of “pre-integrated” - massive time-saver for client

‣No need to integrate Big Data Connectors, ODI Agent etc with HDFS, Hive etc etc

•Single support route - raise SR with Oracle, they will route to Cloudera if needed

•Single patch process for whole cluster - OS, CDH etc etc

•Full access to Cloudera Enterprise features

•Otherwise … just another CDH cluster in terms of SSH access etc

•We like it ;-)

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Cloudera Distribution including Hadoop (CDH)

•Like Linux, you can set up your Hadoop system manually, or use a distribution

•Key Hadoop distributions include Cloudera CDH, Hortonworks HDP, MapR etc

•Cloudera CDH is the distribution Oracle use on Big Data Appliance

‣Provides HDFS and Hadoop framework for BDA

‣Includes Pig, Hive, Sqoop, Oozie, HBase

‣Cloudera Impala for real-time SQL access

‣Cloudera Manager & Hue

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Cloudera Manager and Hue

•Web-based tools provided with Cloudera CDH

•Cloudera Manager used for cluster admin,

maintenance (like Enterprise Manager

‣Commercial tool developed by Cloudera

‣Not enabled by default in BigDataLite VM

•Hue is a developer / analyst tool for

working with Pig, Hive, Sqoop, HDFS etc

‣Open source project included in CDH

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Working with Cloudera Hadoop (CDH) - Observations

•Very good product stack, enterprise-friendly, big community, can do lots with free edition

•Cloudera have their favoured Hadoop technologies - Spark, Kafka

•Also makes use of Cloudera-specific tools - Impala, Cloudera Manager etc

•But ignores some tools that have value - Apache Tez for example

•Easy for an Oracle developer to get productive with the CDH stack

•But beware of some immature technologies / products

‣Hive != Oracle SQL

‣Spark is very much an “alpha” product

‣Limitations in things like LDAP integration, end-to-end security

‣Lots of products in stack = lots of places

to go to diagnose issues

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CDH : Things That Work Well

•HDFS as a low-cost, flexible

data store / reservoir; Hive for

SQL access to structured +

semi-structured HDFS data

•Pig, Spark, Python, R

for data analysis and

munging

•Cloudera Manager and

Hue for web-based

admin + dev access

Real-Time

Logs / Events

RDBMS

Imports

File /

Unstructured

Imports

Hive Metastore /

HCatalog

HDFS Cluster Filesystem

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Oracle Big Data Connectors

•Oracle-licensed utilities to connect Hadoop to Oracle RBDMS

‣Bulk-extract data from Hadoop to Oracle, or expose HDFS / Hive data as external tables

‣Run R analysis and processing on Hadoop

‣Leverage Hadoop compute resources to offload ETL and other work from Oracle RBDMS

‣Enable Oracle SQL to access and load Hadoop data

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Working with the Oracle Big Data Connectors

•Oracle Loader for Hadoop, Oracle SQL Connector for HDFS - rarely used

‣Sqoop works both way (Oracle>Hadoop, Hadoop>Oracle) and is “good enough”

‣OSCH replaced by Oracle Big Data SQL for direct Oracle>Hive access

•Oracle Advanced Analytics for Hadoop has been very useful though

‣Run MapReduce jobs from R

‣Run R functions across Hive tables

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Oracle R Advanced Analytics for Hadoop Key Features

•Run R functions on Hive Dataframes •Write MapReduce functions in R

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Initial Data Scoping & Discovery using R

•R is typically used at start of a big data project to get a high-level understanding of the data

•Can be run as R standalone, or using Oracle R Advanced Analytics for Hadoop

•Do basic scan of incoming dataset, get counts, determine delimiters etc

•Distribution of values for columns

•Basic graphs and data discovery

•Use findings to drive design of

parsing logic, Hive data structures,

need for data scrubbing / correcting etc

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Design Pattern : Discovery Lab

Actionable

Events

Event Engine Data Reservoir

Data Factory Enterprise Information Store

Reporting

Discovery Lab

Actionable

Information

Actionable

Insights

Input Events

Execution

Innovation

Discovery Output

Events

& Data

Structured

Enterprise

Data

Other

Data

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Design Pattern : Discovery Lab

•Specific focus on identifying commercial value for exploitation

•Small group of highly skilled individuals (aka Data Scientists)

• Iterative development approach – data oriented NOT development oriented

•Wide range of tools and techniques applied

‣Searching and discovering unstructured data

‣Finding correlations and clusters

‣Filtering, aggregating, deriving and enhancing data

•Data provisioned through Data Factory or own ETL

•Typically separate infrastructure but

could also be unified Reservoir if

resource managed effectively

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For the Future - Oracle Big Data Discovery

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Interactive Analysis & Exploration of Hadoop Data

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Share and Collaborate on Big Data Discovery Projects

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Typical RM Big Data Project Tools Used

Data prep via R scripts,

Python scripts

etc

Data Loading

Real-time via Flume Conf scripts

Batch via Sqoop cmd-line exec

Sharing output via Hive

tables, Impala tables,

HDFS files etc

Data Export

Batch via Sqoop

cmd-line exec

a.k.a. “data munging”

Data analysis via R

scripts, Python scripts,

Pig, Spark etc

a.k.a. “the magic”

“Discovery” phase “Exploitation” phase

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Data Loading into Hadoop

•Default load type is real-time, streaming loads

‣Batch / bulk loads only typically used to seed system

•Variety of sources including web log activity, event streams

•Target is typically HDFS (Hive) or HBase

•Data typically lands in “raw state”

‣Lots of files and events, need to be filtered/aggregated

‣Typically semi-structured (JSON, logs etc)

‣High volume, high velocity

-Which is why we use Hadoop rather than

RBDMS (speed vs. ACID trade-off)

‣Economics of Hadoop means its often possible to

archive all incoming data at detail level

Loading

Stage

Real-Time

Logs / Events

File /

Unstructured

Imports

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Apache Flume : Distributed Transport for Log Activity

•Apache Flume is the standard way to transport log files from source through to target

• Initial use-case was webserver log files, but can transport any file from A>B

•Does not do data transformation, but can send to multiple targets / target types

•Mechanisms and checks to ensure successful transport of entries

•Has a concept of “agents”, “sinks” and “channels”

•Agents collect and forward log data

•Sinks store it in final destination

•Channels store log data en-route

•Simple configuration through INI files

•Handled outside of ODI12c

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Apache Kafka : Reliable, Message-Based

•Developed by LinkedIn, designed to address Flume issues around reliability, throughput

‣(though many of those issues have been addressed since)

•Designed for persistent messages as the common use case

‣Website messages, events etc vs. log file entries

•Consumer (pull) rather than Producer (push) model

•Supports multiple consumers per message queue

•More complex to set up than Flume, and can use

Flume as a consumer of messages

‣But gaining popularity, especially

alongside Spark Streaming

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GoldenGate for Continuous Streaming to Hadoop

•Oracle GoldenGate is also an option, for streaming RDBMS transactions to Hadoop

•Leverages GoldenGate & HDFS / Hive Java APIs

•Sample Implementations on MOS Doc.ID 1586210.1 (HDFS) and 1586188.1 (Hive)

•Likely to be formal part of GoldenGate in future release - but usable now

•Can also integrate with Flume for delivery to HDFS - see MOS Doc.ID 1926867.1

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NoSQL Databases

•Family of database types that reject tabular storage,

SQL access and ACID compliance

•Useful as a way of landing data quickly + supporting

random cell-level access by ETL process

•Focus is on scalability, speed and schema-on-read

‣Oracle NoSQL Database - speed and scalability

‣Apache HBase - speed, scalability and Hadoop

‣MongoDB - native storage of JSON documents

•May or may not run on Hadoop, but associated with it

•Great choice for high-velocity data capture

•CRUD approach vs write-once/read many in HDFS

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ODI on Hadoop - Big Data Projects Discover ETL Tools

•ODI provides an excellent framework for running Hadoop ETL jobs

‣ELT approach pushes transformations down to Hadoop - leveraging power of cluster

•Hive, HBase, Sqoop and OLH/ODCH KMs provide native Hadoop loading / transformation

‣Whilst still preserving RDBMS push-down

‣Extensible to cover Pig, Spark etc

•Process orchestration

•Data quality / error handling

•Metadata and model-driven

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ODI on Hadoop - How Well Does It Work?

•Very good for set-based processing of Hadoop data (HiveQL)

‣Can run python, R etc scripts as procedures

•Brings metadata and team-based ETL development to Hadoop

•Process orchestration, error-handling etc

•Rapid innovation from the ODI Product Dev team - Spark KMs etc coming soon

•But requires Hadoop devs to learn ODI, or add ODI developer to the project

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Options for Sharing Hadoop Output with Wider Audience

•During the discovery phase of a Hadoop project, audience are likely technical

‣Most comfortable with data analyst tools, command-line, low-level access to the data

•During the exploitation phase, audience will be less technical

‣Emphasis on graphical tools, and integration with wider reporting toolset + metadata

•Three main options for visualising and sharing Hadoop data

1.Coming Soon - Oracle Big Data Discovery (Endeca on Hadoop)

2.OBIEE reporting against Hadoop

direct using Hive/Impala, or Oracle Big Data SQL

3.OBIEE reporting against an export of the

Hadoop data, on Exalytics / RDBMS

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Oracle Business Analytics and Big Data Sources

•OBIEE 11g can also make use of big data sources

‣OBIEE 11.1.1.7+ supports Hive/Hadoop as a data source

‣Oracle R Enterprise can expose R models through DB functions, columns

‣Oracle Exalytics has InfiniBand connectivity to Oracle BDA

•Endeca Information Discovery can analyze unstructured and semi-structured sources

‣Increasingly tighter-integration between

OBIEE and Endeca

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New in OBIEE 11.1.1.7 : Hadoop Connectivity through Hive

•MapReduce jobs are typically written in Java, but Hive can make this simpler

•Hive is a query environment over Hadoop/MapReduce to support SQL-like queries

•Hive server accepts HiveQL queries via HiveODBC or HiveJDBC, automatically

creates MapReduce jobs against data previously loaded into the Hive HDFS tables

•Approach used by ODI and OBIEE to gain access to Hadoop data

•Allows Hadoop data to be accessed just like any other data source

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Importing Hadoop/Hive Metadata into RPD

•HiveODBC driver has to be installed into Windows environment, so that

BI Administration tool can connect to Hive and return table metadata

• Import as ODBC datasource, change physical DB type to Apache Hadoop afterwards

•Note that OBIEE queries cannot span >1 Hive schema (no table prefixes)

1

2

3

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OBIEE 11.1.1.7 / HiveServer2 ODBC Driver Issue

•Most customers using BDAs are using CDH4 or CDH5 - which uses HiveServer2

•OBIEE 11.1.1.7 only ships/supports HiveServer1 ODBC drivers

•But … OBIEE 11.1.1.7 on Windows can use the Cloudera HiveServer2 ODBC drivers

‣which isn’t supported by Oracle

‣but works!

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Dealing with Hadoop / Hive Latency Option 1 : Impala

•Hadoop access through Hive can be slow - due to inherent latency in Hive

•Hive queries use MapReduce in the background to query Hadoop

•Spins-up Java VM on each query

•Generates MapReduce job

•Runs and collates the answer

•Great for large, distributed queries ...

• ... but not so good for “speed-of-thought” dashboards

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Dealing with Hadoop / Hive Latency Option 1 : Use Impala

•Hive is slow - because it’s meant to be used for batch-mode queries

•Many companies / projects are trying to improve Hive - one of which is Cloudera

•Cloudera Impala is an open-source but

commercially-sponsored in-memory MPP platform

•Replaces Hive and MapReduce in the Hadoop stack

•Can we use this, instead of Hive, to access Hadoop?

‣It will need to work with OBIEE

‣Warning - it won’t be a supported data source (yet…)

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How Impala Works

•A replacement for Hive, but uses Hive concepts and

data dictionary (metastore)

•MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) query engine

that runs within Hadoop

‣Uses same file formats, security,

resource management as Hadoop

•Processes queries in-memory

•Accesses standard HDFS file data

•Option to use Apache AVRO, RCFile,

LZO or Parquet (column-store)

•Designed for interactive, real-time

SQL-like access to Hadoop

Impala

Hadoop

HDFS etc

BI Server

Presentation Svr

Cloudera Impala

ODBC Driver

Impala

Hadoop

HDFS etc

Impala

Hadoop

HDFS etc

Impala

Hadoop

HDFS etc

Impala

Hadoop

HDFS etc

Multi-Node

Hadoop Cluster

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Connecting OBIEE 11.1.1.7 to Cloudera Impala

•Warning - unsupported source - limited testing and no support from MOS

•Requires Cloudera Impala ODBC drivers - Windows or Linux (RHEL etc/SLES) - 32/64 bit

•ODBC Driver / DSN connection steps similar to Hive

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So Does Impala Work, as a Hive Substitute?

•With ORDER BY disabled in DB features, it appears to

•But not extensively tested by me, or Oracle

•But it’s certainly interesting

•Reduces 30s, 180s queries down to 1s, 10s etc

• Impala, or one of the competitor projects

(Drill, Dremel etc) assumed to be the

real-time query replacement for Hive, in time

‣Oracle announced planned support for

Impala at OOW2013 - watch this space

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Dealing with Hadoop / Hive Latency Option 2 : Export to Data Mart

• In most cases, for general reporting access, exporting into RDBMS makes sense

•Export Hive data from Hadoop into Oracle Data Mart or Data Warehouse

•Use Oracle RDBMS for high-value data analysis, full access to RBDMS optimisations

•Potentially use Exalytics for in-memory RBDMS access

Loading

Stage

Processing

Stage

Store / Export

Stage

Real-Time

Logs / Events

RDBMS

Imports

File /

Unstructured

Imports

RDBMS

Exports

File

Exports

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Dealing with Hadoop / Hive Latency Option 3 : Big Data SQL

•Preferred solution for customers with Oracle Big Data Appliance is Big Data SQL

•Oracle SQL Access to both relational, and Hive/NoSQL data sources

•Exadata-type SmartScan against Hadoop datasets

•Response-time equivalent to Impala or Hive on Tez

•No issues around HiveQL limitations

• Insulates end-users around differences

between Oracle and Hive datasets

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Oracle Big Data SQL

•Part of Oracle Big Data 4.0 (BDA-only)

‣Also requires Oracle Database 12c, Oracle Exadata Database Machine

•Extends Oracle Data Dictionary to cover Hive

•Extends Oracle SQL and SmartScan to Hadoop

•Extends Oracle Security Model over Hadoop

‣Fine-grained access control

‣Data redaction, data masking

‣Uses fast c-based readers where possible

(vs. Hive MapReduce generation)

‣Map Hadoop parallelism to Oracle PQ

‣Big Data SQL engine works on top of YARN

‣Like Spark, Tez, MR2

Exadata

Storage Servers

Hadoop

Cluster

Exadata Database

Server

Oracle Big

Data SQL

SQL Queries

SmartScan SmartScan

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View Hive Table Metadata in the Oracle Data Dictionary

•Oracle Database 12c 12.1.0.2.0 with Big Data SQL option can view Hive table metadata

‣Linked by Exadata configuration steps to one or more BDA clusters

•DBA_HIVE_TABLES and USER_HIVE_TABLES exposes Hive metadata

•Oracle SQL*Developer 4.0.3, with Cloudera Hive drivers, can connect to Hive metastore

SQL> col database_name for a30

SQL> col table_name for a30

SQL> select database_name, table_name

2 from dba_hive_tables;

DATABASE_NAME TABLE_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------

default access_per_post

default access_per_post_categories

default access_per_post_full

default apachelog

default categories

default countries

default cust

default hive_raw_apache_access_log

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Big Data SQL Server Dataflow

•Read data from HDFS Data Node

‣Direct-path reads

‣C-based readers when possible

‣Use native Hadoop classes otherwise

•Translate bytes to Oracle

•Apply SmartScan to Oracle bytes

‣Apply filters

‣Project columns

‣Parse JSON/XML

‣Score models

1

2

3

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Hive Access through Oracle External Tables + Hive Driver

•Big Data SQL accesses Hive tables through external table mechanism

‣ORACLE_HIVE external table type imports Hive metastore metadata

‣ORACLE_HDFS requires metadata to be specified

•Access parameters cluster and tablename specify Hive table source and BDA cluster

CREATE TABLE access_per_post_categories(

hostname varchar2(100),

request_date varchar2(100),

post_id varchar2(10),

title varchar2(200),

author varchar2(100),

category varchar2(100),

ip_integer number)

organization external

(type oracle_hive

default directory default_dir

access parameters(com.oracle.bigdata.tablename=default.access_per_post_categories));

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Use Rich Oracle SQL Dialect over Hadoop (Hive) Data

•Ranking Functions

‣rank, dense_rank, cume_dist,

percent_rank, ntile

•Window Aggregate Functions

‣Avg, sum, min, max, count, variance,

first_value, last_value

•LAG/LEAD Functions

•Reporting Aggregate Functions

‣Sum, Avg, ratio_to_report

•Statistical Aggregates

‣Correlation, linear regression family,

covariance

•Linear Regression

‣Fitting of ordinary-least-squares

regression line to set of number pairs

•Descriptive Statistics

•Correlations

‣Pearson’s correlation coefficients

•Crosstabs

‣Chi squared, phi coefficinet

•Hypothesis Testing

‣Student t-test, Bionomal test

•Distribution

‣Anderson-Darling test - etc.

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Leverages Hive Metastore for Hadoop Java Access Classes

•As with other next-gen SQL access layers, uses common Hive metastore table metadata

•Provides route to underlying Hadoop data for Oracle Big Data SQL c-based SmartScan

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Extending SmartScan, and Oracle SQL, Across All Data

•Brings query-offloading features of Exadata

to Oracle Big Data Appliance

•Query across both Oracle and Hadoop sources

• Intelligent query optimisation applies SmartScan

close to ALL data

•Use same SQL dialect across both sources

•Apply same security rules, policies,

user access rights across both sources

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Example : Using Big Data SQL to Add Dimensions to Hive Data

•We want to add country and post details to a Hive table containing page accesses

•Post and Country details are stored in Oracle RBDMS reference tables

Hive Weblog Activity table Oracle Dimension lookup tables

Combined output

in report form

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Create ORACLE_HIVE External Table over Hive Table

•Use the ORACLE_HIVE access driver type to create Oracle external table over Hive table

•ACCESS_PER_POST_EXTTAB now appears in Oracle data dictionary

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Import Oracle Tables, Create RPD joining Tables Together

•No need to use Hive ODBC drivers - Oracle OCI connection instead

•No issue around HiveServer1 vs HiveServer2; also Big Data SQL handles authentication

with Hadoop cluster in background, Kerberos etc

•Transparent to OBIEE - all appear as Oracle tables

•Join across schemas if required

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Create Physical Data Model from Imported Table Metadata

•Join ORACLE_HIVE external table containing log data, to reference tables from Oracle DB

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Create Business Model and Presentation Layers

•Map incoming physical tables into a star schema

•Add aggregation method for fact measures

•Add logical keys for logical dimension tables

•Remove columns from fact table that aren’t measures

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Create Initial Analyses Against Combined Dataset

•Create analyses using

full SQL features

•Access to Oracle RDBMS

Advanced Analytics functions

through EVALUATE,

EVALUATE_AGGR etc

•Big Data SQL SmartScan feature

provides fast, ad-hoc access

to Hive data, avoiding MapReduce

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Oracle / Hive Query Federation at the RDBMS Level

•Oracle Big Data SQL feature (not BI Server) takes care of query federation

•SQL required for fact table (web log activity) access sent to Big Data SQL agent on BDA

•Only columns (projection) and rows (filtering) required to answer query sent back to Exadata

•Storage Indexes used on both Exadata Storage Servers and BDA nodes to skip block reads

for irrelevant data

•HDFS caching used to speed-up

access to commonly-used

HDFS data

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Access to Full Set of Oracle Join Types

•No longer restricted to HiveQL equi-joins - Big Data SQL supports all Oracle join operators

•Use to join Hive data (using View over external table) to a IP range country lookup table

using BETWEEN join operator

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Add In Time Dimension Table

•Enables time-series reporting; pre-req for forecasting (linear regression-type queries)

•Map to Date field in view over ORACLE_HIVE table

‣Convert incoming Hive STRING field to Oracle DATE for better time-series manipulation

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Now Enables Time-Series Reporting Incl. Country Lookups

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What About Oracle Big Data SQL and ODI12c?

•Hive, and MapReduce, are well suited to batch-type ETL jobs, but …

•Not all join types are available in Hive - joins must be equality joins

•Any data from external Oracle RDBMS sources has to be staged in Hadoop before joining

•Limited set of HiveQL functions vs. Oracle SQL

•Oracle-based mappings have to import

Hive data into DB before accessing it

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Combining Oracle and Hadoop (Hive) Data in Mappings

•Example scenario : log data in Hadoop needs to be enriched with customer data in Oracle

‣Hadoop (Hive) contains log activity and customer etc IDs

‣Reference / customer data held in Oracle RBDMS

•How do we create a mapping that joins both datasets?

movieapp_log_odistage.custid = CUSTOMER.CUSTID

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Options for Importing Oracle / RDBMS Data into Hadoop

•Could export RBDMS data to file, and load using IKM

File to Hive

•Oracle Big Data Connectors only export to Oracle,

not import to Hadoop

•One option is to use Apache Sqoop, and new

IKM SQL to Hive-HBase-File knowledge module

•Hadoop-native, automatically runs in parallel

•Uses native JDBC drivers, or OraOop (for example)

•Bi-directional in-and-out of Hadoop to RDBMS

•Join performed in Hive, using HiveQL

‣With HiveQL limitations (only equi-joins)

movieapp_log_odistage.custid =

customer.custid

Sqoop extract

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New Option - Using Oracle Big Data SQL

•Oracle Big Data SQL provides ability for Exadata to reference Hive tables

•Use feature to create join in Oracle, bringing across Hive data through ORACLE_HIVE table

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Oracle Big Data SQL and Data Integration

•Gives us the ability to easily bring in Hadoop (Hive) data into Oracle-based mappings

•Allows us to create Hive-based mappings that use Oracle SQL for transforms, joins

•Faster access to Hive data for real-time ETL scenarios

•Through Hive, bring NoSQL and semi-structured data access to Oracle ETL projects

•For our scenario - join weblog + customer data in Oracle RDBMS, no need to stage in Hive

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Using Big Data SQL in an ODI12c Mapping

•By default, Hive table has to be exposed as an ORACLE_HIVE external table in Oracle first

•Then register that Oracle external table in ODI repository + model

External table creation in Oracle

Logical Mapping using just Oracle tables

1

2

Register in ODI Model

3

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Custom KM : LKM Hive to Oracle (Big Data SQL)

•ODI12c Big Data SQL example on BigDataLite VM uses a custom KM for Big Data SQL

‣LKM Hive to Oracle (Big Data SQL) - KM code downloadable from java.net

‣Allows Hive+Oracle joins by auto-creating ORACLE_HIVE extttab

definition to enable Big Data SQL Hive table access

http://java.net

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ODI12c Mapping Creates Temp Exttab, Joins to Oracle

1

2

Register in ODI Model

3

4

Hive table AP uses LKM Hive to Oracle (Big Data SQL)

IKM Oracle Insert

Big Data SQL Hive External Table created as temp object

Main integration SQL routines uses regular Oracle SQL join

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Finally … What Keeps the CIO Awake at Night

•Security and Privacy Regulations

‣Are we analysing and sharing data in compliance with privacy regulations?

-And if we are - would customers think our use of it is ethical?

‣Do I know if the data in my Hadoop cluster is *really* secure?

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Hadoop Security “By Default”

•Connections between Hadoop services, and by users to services, aren’t authenticated

•Security is fragmented : HDFS, Hive, OS user accounts, Hue, CM all separate models

•No single place to define security policies, groups, access rights

•No single tool to audit access and permissions

•By default, everything is open and trusted - reflects roots in academia, R&D, marketing depts

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“Secured” Hadoop : Kerberos, Sentry, Data Encryption etc

•Available for most Hadoop distributions, part of core Hadoop

•Kerberos Authentication - enables service-to-service, and client-to-service authentication

using MIT Kerberos or MS AD Kerberos

•Apache Sentry - Role-based Access Control for Hive, Impala and HDFS (CDH5.3+)

•Transparent at-rest HDFS encryption (CDH5.3+)

•Closes security loopholes, goes some way to Oracle-type data security

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Oracle Big Data SQL : Single RBDMS/Hadoop Security Model

•Potential to extend Oracle security model over Hadoop (Hive) data

‣Masking / Redaction

‣VPD

‣FGAC

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Summary

•Hadoop and Oracle Big Data Appliance are increasingly appearing in BI+DW Projects

•Gives DW projects the ability to store more data, cheaper and more flexibly than before

•Enables non-relational (SQL) query tools and analysis techniques (R, Spark etc)

•Extends BI’s capability to report and analyze across wider data sources

•Maturity varies widely in terms of tool maturity, and Oracle integration with Hadoop

•Trend is for Oracle to “productize” big data, creating tools + products around Oracle BDA

•We are probably at early stages - but very interesting times to be an Oracle BI+DW dev!

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Thank You for Attending!

•Thank you for attending this presentation, and more information can be found at

http://www.rittmanmead.com

•Contact us at [email protected] or [email protected]

•Look out for our book, “Oracle Business Intelligence Developers Guide” out now!

•Follow-us on Twitter (@rittmanmead) or Facebook (facebook.com/rittmanmead)

http://www.rittmanmead.com



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Hadoop and Oracle Technologies

on BI Projects

Mark Rittman, CTO, Rittman Mead

Dutch Oracle Users Group, Jan 14th 2015

hadoop (bda) and oracle technologies on bi projects · pdf filet : +44 (0) 1273 911 268 (uk)...

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