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вڲêî²ÜÆ ÐúØ-Æ15-²Øº²Î1991-200615th ANNIVERSARYOF ARS/ARMENIA

A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L P E R I O D I C A L O F T H E A R M E N I A N R E L I E F S O C I E T YÐ ² Ø ² Ð ² Ú Î ² Î ² Ü ä ² ð ´ º ð ² Â º ð Â Ð ² Ú ú ¶ Ü à ô Â º ² Ü Ø Æ à ô Â º ² Ü

Ð³Û êÇñïH A I S I R D

вزвÚÎ²Î²Ü ä²ð´ºð²ÂºðÂ Ð²Ú ú¶Üàôº²Ü ØÆàôº²Ü

AN INTERNATIONAL PERIODICAL OF THE ARMENIAN RELIEF SOCIETYPublished by

The Central Executive Board of the Armenian Relief Society, Inc.

Hasmig Derderian, Chairperson; Georgi-Ann Oshagan, Vice-Chairperson;Maida Melkonian, Clerk-Secretary; Maro Froundjian, Treasurer;

Karine Hovhannisian, Advisor; Liza Avakian, Advisor; Nova Hindoyan, Advisor;Shakeh Basmajian, Advisor; Tamar Der Bedrossian, Advisor.

�

EditorTATUL SONENTZ-PAPAZIAN

Production SupervisorJIRAYR BEUJEKIAN

�

This magazine is not an official document of the Armenian ReliefSociety, Inc.The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the viewsof the ARS. Inc. The designations employed do not imply the expressionof any opinion whatsoever on the part of the ARS, Inc. concerning thelegal status of any country, area or territory, or of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers.

Reference to any subject matter in Hai Sird does not imply the endorse-ment of the ARS, Inc. and any failure to mention any subject matter is nota sign of disapproval. Text and photographs may be freely reproducedwith mention of source (except photo agency photographs). Writtennotification by letter or electronic mail is appreciated.

All correspondence should be addressed to ARS, Inc., PublicationsDepartment, 80 Bigelow Avenue, Watertown, MA 02472 ;publications@ars1910.org.

ISBN 0-9704934-1-X

1

´àì²Ü¸²ÎàôÂÆôÜ � C O N T E N T S

EDITORIAL – 2

ÐúØ-Æ ÊúêøÀ вڲêî²Ü-êöÆôèø ÊàðÐð¸²ÄàÔàìÆÜ

ARS ADDRESS AT THE 3RD ARMENIA-DIASPORA CONFERENCE Hasmig Derderian – 3-5

ÐúØ-Æ Ð²ðÆôð²Øº²ÎÀ Þ³ù¿ î¿ñ Ø»ÉùáÝ»³Ý-ØÇÝ³ë»³Ý – 6-7

вڲêî²ÜÆ ÐúØ-Æ 15ñ¹ î²ðº¸²ðÒ

ARS ARMENIA’S 15th ANNIVERSARY Georgi-Ann Oshagan – 8-15

THE EDUCATION OF ASHOT Knarik O. Meneshian – 16-22

VERSE IN THE VERNACULAR AND TRANSLATION…

“CANTIQUE” Artem Harutiunian – 23

ÆÜâ ºê ²ÜºÈàô ³ÃáõÉ êáÝ»Ýó – 23

MOTHER Vahe Oshagan – 24

LA FEDERATION EURO-ARMENIENNE – 25

KOMITAS Armand Artinian – 26-27

PRELUDE TO POGROM Anna Astvatzatrian Turcott – 28-29

MUTED MESSAGE Tatul Sonentz – 29

11ñ¹ §êú꾦 زÜβä²ðî¾¼Æ ́ ²òàôØÀ – 30-31

THE ARS AT THE UNITED NATIONS

THE ARS AT THE UN DPI/NGO CONFERENCE – 32-33

THE ARS HOSTS PANEL ON VOLUNTEERISM Anahid Ughurlayan – 33-34

THE ARMENIAD Anna Petrosova – 35

IN ATHENS WITH PETER BALAKIAN Saro Dedeyan – 36-37

YOUTH FORUM – OBSERVATIONS Nyree Derderian – 38

“SPONSOR-A-CHILD” ENTERS A NEW ERA – 39

²ÞʲðÐÆ ÞàôðæÀ ÐúØ-Æ Ðºî – 40-46

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – 49-64

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E D I E D I E D I E D I E D I TTTTT O R I O R I O R I O R I O R I AAAAA L L L L L

After the Past 15 Momentous After the Past 15 Momentous After the Past 15 Momentous After the Past 15 Momentous After the Past 15 Momentous YYYYYears...ears...ears...ears...ears...

On The Threshold Of A New Era

W e are all aware, that global changes are taking place and the search for a newworld order is causing serious political tremors in a status quo defined andsustained by a declining ‘unipolar’ hegemony. The Armenian nation, whose past 15

historic years were marked by trying times, commemorates and celebrates losses and triumphs,that culminated in the reestablishment of an independent, sovereign state after 75 years of totaldependency under a foreign autocratic regime. In a region beset by constant turmoil, our 15-year-old state still strives for the recognition of its demographic and territorial integrity.

Just when our resurgent Homeland, the Armenian Republic, was mustering all its poten-tial for the rebuilding of the areas devastated by the 1988 earthquake, it found itself constrictedin the relentless noose of the Azeri-Turkish blockade, aggravated by murderous border clashes,an acute shortage of grain and fuel, and most of all, the on-going conflict over the status ofhistorically and culturally Armenian Artsakh.

In those days of confrontation with our determined opponents, the contribution of eachand every Armenian to our common cause had special significance. The ARS, as an experi-enced, global Armenian organization with numerous regional chapters and countless supporters,both in the Homeland and the Diaspora, felt deeply the urgency of its commitments andremained cognizant of the very real needs of the day, and the immediate future.

In this context, the year 1991, as well as the fateful years preceding and succeeding it,were a frantic time of accelerated accomplishment for our Organization, in a pan-nationalcontext. The successful results that we witnessed wouldn’t have been possible without the totalcommitment of all our regional executives, all our entities and their membership and, most ofall, our loyal friends and supporters throughout the Diaspora and the Homeland. With suchbacking, the ARS family was effectively able to assume extraordinary responsibilities.

Naturally, there was an accumulative price tag attached to these countless projects — allnecessary, all worthwhile — albeit, way over our means. As a result, today, the Armenian ReliefSociety looks to its devoted membership, its loyal supporters and concerned benefactors toreplenish its depleted resources in order to continue its long, uninterrupted service to our nationwhose growing needs cannot be ignored.

We are more than confident, that over the next three years, with the same zeal andenthusiasm shown over the past decade and a half, all our regions and chapters — as well asour supporters world-wide — will stand by us and make our fundraising efforts for the ARS

Centennial Fund an unqualified success, allowing us to continue our humanitarian work whileattaining new standards of excellence in our expanding services.�

3

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4

M ost Honorable Presidents of the Republicsof Armenia and Artsakh, Holy Fathers ofthe Ejmiatzin and Antelias Catholicosates,

Reverent Memebers of the Clergy, Honorable Minis-ters and Public Servants, Ladies and Gentlemen:

The Armenian Relief Society, as one of the seniorpan-Armenian organizations, with its 18,000 membersin 24 countries and its 225 active entities around theglobe, once more extends its warm greetings to this3rd Armenia-Diaspora Conference, coinciding withthe 15th Anniversaries of the 3rd Independent Repub-lic of Armenia, and the foundation of the ArmenianRelief Society on Armenian soil.

The Organizing Committee’s Agenda for this Con-ference focuses, in a timely fashion, on two issues ofnational importance: First, the present and future pos-sibilities of Armenia-Diaspora, Homeland and abroadrelations and cooperation; and, second, the issue ofimplementing a program of growth and developmentfor the rural areas of the Republic.

The first issue displays for us a concise, yet pan-oramic, picture: Today, our people, scattered through-out the globe — whether in a corner of its historicpatrimony, making progress every day as a sovereignnation within its narrow boundaries, or as respectablecommunities in practically all civilized countries of theworld — carries on the task of keeping alive its na-tional existence through its vast network of cultural,religious, political, humanitarian, educational and ath-letic establishments, through its multi-lingual press andnews media.

Permit us to say, that the planning of the practicalcoordination of all this — the first steps of whichwere initially taken at the very First Armenia-DiasporaConference — did not maintain the momentum ex-pected by all of us, in view of the expressions ofcommitment and enthusiasm displayed during the de-bates and discussions at both conferences.

Even making allowances for inevitable difficulties on

the road to coordination on a national scale, we be-lieve, that it is time to orchestrate full harmony and putto use our collective potential in order to bring ourbest to the strengthening, security and continuous de-velopment of our Homeland, as well as our people’sphysical and spiritual well being.

Allow us also to repeat once more, that we considerthe present disarray of our mother tongue a seriousthreat to this vital coordination between Homelandand Diaspora. An issue discussed many times and yet— for whatever reasons — still expecting resolution.The present disorder threatens our literary language, anational cultural heirloom sustaining us for sixteen cen-turies. This is an undeniably serious challenge, that can-not be ignored — neither in the Diaspora nor in theHomeland.

Our efforts to inculcate Diasporan youth with loveof Homeland and nation, to tie them securely to theirhistoric, ancestral patrimony — through pan-Armenianjamborees, camping seasons, conferences, etc. — havecome a long way, nevertheless, they need to be morefrequent and result oriented. Today, already, in Yerevanand throughout the regions, the number of Diasporanyouth who have come to serve the Homeland hasreached an impressive number. We must nurture theseprograms and expand them.

On the matter of removing obstacles, we would liketo mention also the issue of legislating the status ofdual citizenship, still pending. One cannot argue thefact, that more binding the Armenia-Diaspora ties, themore forthcoming — as proud citizens of Armenia— the devotion and commitment of our Diasporanpeople towards the strengthening and continuous de-velopment of their Fatherland.

Proceeding to the second major item on the Confer-ence Agenda: The coordinated development of Ar–menia’s rural areas, we wish to remind, that the ARS,

ARS Chairperson’s Address

at the 3rd Armenia-DiasporaConference held in Yerevan, Armenia, Sept.18-20, 2006

(Continued on the next page)

5

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Ü»ñϳÛÇë« ²ñó³ËÇ 12 Ù³Ýϳå³ñ�ݻñáõÝ ÏáÕ-ùÇÝ« ÏÁ Íñ³·ñáõÇ æ³õ³ËùÇ« ÇÝãå¿ë ݳ»õ г۳ëï³ÝÇë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ »õ ³ÛÉ ·ÇõÕ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç »õë ѳëï³ï»É§êû뿦 Ù³Ýϳå³ñ�ݻñª áñå¿ë ³é³çÇÝ ù³Ûɪ ·Çõ-Õ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÝ»ñáõ ³Ù�áÕç³Ï³°Ý ½³ñ·³óٳݣ

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Ú³çáÕáõÃÇõÝ »õ ³ñ¹Çõݳõ»°ï ѳٳ¹ñáõÙ ÏÁ Ù³Õ-ûÝù ѳٳѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý ³Ûë ËáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáíÇÝ£

ÞÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÇõÝ

led by the very same strategic concerns, right after theliberation of Artsakh, initiated and realized a programof “Soseh Mairik” kindergartens in numerous bordervillages of Artsakh.

Presently, alongside the 12 Kindergartens in Artsakh,there are plans to implement the same program in Ar-menia and Javakhq as well, as an initial step towardsthe repopulation and revitalization of neglected ruralareas.

Naturally, following this and other brief introductorywords, all of us will have our turn to express ouropinions and discuss in detail not only the major itemson the agenda but many other important issues, hope-fully leading us to clear conclusions, after which, wemust get busy working seriously together for the solu-tions of the issues that have brought us here in the firstplace.

We wish this pan-Armenian Conference successthrough a concerted effort of coordination and coop-eration.

Thank you.

6

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г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÐúØ-Ç 15ñ¹ î³ñ»¹³ñÓ ²ß˳ñÑáí Ø¿Ï« ÐúØ-áõÑÇÝ»ñ гõ³ùáõ»ó³Ý г۳ëï³Ý

ØdzëÇÝ îûݳϳï³ñ»Éáõ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ú·Ýáõû³Ý ØÇáõû³Ý »õ¶© гÝñ³å»ïáõû³Ý ¼áÛ· î³ñ»¹³ñÓÝ»ñÁ

ARS/Armenia’s 15th AnniversaryARS Members, Worldwide, Gathered in the Homelandto Commemorate the Anniversaries of ARS/Armenia

and the 3rd Republic of Armenia

ì»ñç»ñë« Ð³Û ú·Ýáõû³Ý ØÇáõû³Ý³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÝ áõ ѳٳÏÇñÝ»ñÁ Éñ³óáõóÇÝг۳ëï³ÝÇ ÐúØ-Ç ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÙdzõáñÇÝ

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Members and supporters of the ArmenianRelief Society recently concluded a two-week celebration of the ARS Armenia

region’s 15th anniversary of operation within theHomeland and joined their compatriots to com-memorate the coinciding 15th anniversary of the 3rd

Republic of Armenia.Commemorative tours, celebrations, and visitations

and a day long conference dominated the Sept. 15-27celebration. Activities were based in Yerevan and in-cluded visits to Artsakh and Javakhq.

Months in the planning, the tour and anniversary cel-ebration were held under the auspices of the ARS, Inc.international Central Executive Board. ARS membersand friends attended from the United States, Canada,France, Argentina, Australia, Italy, Germany, Lebanon,Syria, England, Cyprus, Greece, Javakhq, Artsakh, andvarious regions of Armenia.

At the same time, the nine-member ARS Central Ex-ecutive Board (CEB) held a full Board meeting, focus-ing particularly on its programs within Armenia,Artsakh, and Javakhk. The ARS CEB and ARS mem-bers and supporters were also present at the Sept. 18-20 Third Armenia-Diaspora Conference sponsored bythe Republic of Armenia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairswhere CEB Chairwoman Hasmig Derderian pre-sented the ARS’s message to the hundreds of attendingrepresentatives and observers.

The ARS Armenia 15th anniversary commemorativeactivities were organized by the ARS Armenia Re-gional Executive Board. A description of the high-lights of the two-week ARS celebration follows.

Tour of Historical Sites and EventsMembers of the ARS 15th anniversary celebration

tour were treated to visits around Armenia, giving the

By Georgi-Ann Oshagan

9

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first-time visitora superb overallview of thecountry andkeeping the re-peat visitor inter-ested and awed.The tour was or-ganized by MenuaTours of Yerevan.

The tour began on Sept. 15 with a visit to Yerablur,Soseh Mairik’s tomb, Yerebuni, and a driving tour ofYerevan. On Sept. 17, tourists visited Ejmiatzin cathe-dral and monastery in the morning and Sardarabadand its museum in the afternoon. The day concludedat the Sundukian Theater with the performance of“Yes mi Tzar em Tzirani,” by former ARS CEB mem-ber and ARS Armenian Regional Executive Chairper-son Alvard Petrosyan. Garni’s 2nd century pagantemple and Geghard’s ancient monastery were on theagenda for Sept. 18, along with visits to three schoolssponsored by the ARS for children with developmen-tal disabilities.

On Sept. 20, the ARS tour group visited Ashtarak,Mughni, Saghmosavanq, and Amberd, marveling atthe ancient architecture. From Sept. 24-27, touristswere able to visit Artsakh, taking in the ancient histori-cal sites and visiting ARS-sponsored ‘Soseh’ kindergar-tens in the various villages throughout the country. TheArtsakh trip was follow-ed by a two-day visit toJavakhq, where the ARS group was able to see thefruits of the Society’s labors in bringing educational,medical, and social stability to Javakhq’s population inthe form of a clinic, offices, and educational facilities.ARS members were also present for a ribbon-cuttingceremony held on Sept. 25 upon the opening of along-awaited youth center in Javakhq.

Ribbon Cutting Ceremony Unveils NewCAT Scan Machine at at ARS Mother andChild Clinic and Birthing Center

On September 16, the ARS group visited the ARSMother and Child Clinic and Birthing Center, as wellas the ARS Nicol Aghbalian School, both in Gyumri.ARS CEB members recessed their meeting to visit theformer earthquake-stricken area with the group.

The ARS Nigol Aghbalian School was the first stop,where tour buses were waved in by students holdingbright red, blue and orange papers in the spirit of thecoming Sept. 21 15th anniversary Independence Daycelebrations. School Principal Khanum Babigiangreeted the visitors and directed students in singing

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and recitations for the crowd. ARS, Inc. CEB memberShakeh Basmajian offered greetings from the CEBand praised the schoolteachers and the 300 studentsfor their dedication to learning and educational im-provement.

The next stop was the nearby ARS Mother and ChildClinic and Birthing Center, where the group toured thematernity ward that opened in April 2005. The state-of-the-art facility has now overseen the births of nearly1,500 babies, including one premature week-old infantin an incubator who was born at 1 kilo and needed togain a normal weight of 2.5 kilos before going home.

A highlight of the visit was a red ribbon-cutting cer-emony to unveil a newCAT scan machine andnewly renovated clinicspace dedicated to scan-ning and mammography.The CAT scan machinewas donated by theFrench S.O.S. and ar-ranged by Dr. SamsonO.Z. Ararat of France.The machine is the onlyCAT scan machine out-side of Yerevan and willserve the entire northernregion of Armenia, reach-ing into Javakhq. Thereare only six such machinesin Yerevan, a 120 kilome-ters drive from Gyumri.

“This gift will increasethe flow of patients and the quality of care in the re-gion,” said ARS Clinic Executive Director Dr. SevagAvagian. The donation will allow the ARS clinic to ex-pand its medical services and reach more patients in acost-effective manner. ARS CEB Chairperson HasmigDerderian and Dr. Ararat shared in the ribbon-cuttingduties and happily shook hands to commemorate anew step in ARS-provided health care in Gyumri andbeyond.

The CAT scan machine joins another new additionto the ARS clinic’s services: an ambulance. Completewith the ARS’s logo, the new ambulance provides aunique and much-needed service to the inhabitants ofthe former earthquake region in an area which is sec-ond in population only to Yerevan.

The day ended with a mandatory meeting betweenthe ARS CEB and executive board representativesfrom 15 ARS entities, where information and ideaswere exchanged in a spirit of cooperation. A question

Chairperson Hasmig Derderian andDr. Samson O.Z. Ararat shake hands

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and answer period followed between the CEB andthe regional and chapter representatives. The eveningconcluded with a reception for members hosted bythe ARS Armenia Regional Executive.

The ARS at the Third Armenia-DiasporaConferenceThe ARS CEB and ARS members from various enti-ties attended the opening ceremonies of the Republicof Armenia Ministry of Foreign Affair’s Third Arme-nia-Diaspora Conference. The conference was at-tended by hundreds of delegates and observers fromaround the world and held at the Karen DemirchianSports-Concert Center, Yerevan.

Prominent political parties and non-profit organiza-tions were invited to sit at the round table and offerremarks in the spirit of the conference topic at handwhich focused on revitalizing Armenia’s rural areas inthe coming years to begin a spread of prosperity andstability outside of central Yerevan.

In her well-received remarks, ARS CEB Chair-woman Hasmig Derderian emphasized the ARS’s planto contribute to rural revitalization by replicating itspremiere Artsakh Sosseh Kindergarten program andbringing it to Armenia. Derderian also noted that ARSentities and members will contribute to the organizedArmenia rural revitalization effort through its partici-pation in community projects around the world. (Seeelsewhere in this publication for Derderian’s full remarks).

Visit to ARS Armenia’s New Dilijan CampThe ARS group stopped to enjoy Lake Sevan and herancient monasteries on the way to see the ARS

Dilijan as seen from the Camp

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§ÐúØ-Á Ç ëå³ë гÛáõû³Ý áõгÛñ»ÝÇùÇݦ

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Armenia’s new camp in Dilijan. Dilijan is known for itsrestful atmosphere and crystal clean air.

ARS Armenia is planning for the camp to be used byARS, youth, and other groups in the coming months asrenovations on the camp’s two buildings are com-pleted. The two buildings include sleeping rooms, acafeteria, kitchen, and meeting rooms.

The project was financed by the Republic ofGreece’s Hellenic Aid Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Re-construction of the sanatorium building was financedby the Greek non-governmental organization, Devel-opment Cooperation & Solidarity (DCS).

The ARS group also visited the 10th century St.Grigor Lusavorich Church in Dilijan, which is still ac-tive. Father Sasun Zunrughian invited the group topartake of the traditional offering of bread dipped insalt and proceeded to conduct a short religious cer-emony in the St. Astvatzatzin Church. Dilijan MayorArmen Santrossian also welcomed the ARS group anddescribed some of the many highpoints of Dilijan.

The day concluded with a lavish lunch offered by theARS Dilijan Chapter, whose Chairperson, EsmaZargarian, welcomed guests to break bread with herchapter’s members.

“The ARS in the Service of Armeniansand Armenia”

To commemorate the 15th anniversary of the ARS’sofficial presence in Armenia, the ARS CEB organizeda day long conference, “The ARS in the Service of Ar-menians and Armenia.” The event was held on Sept.22 at the Hotel Marriott Armenia, Yerevan.

The conference opened with remarks by ARS Arme-nia Regional Executive Chairwoman Alvard Petrosian,who is a former ARS CEB member and a memberof the Armenian National Assembly.

Petrosian welcomed prominent guests who attendedthe conference and invited ARS CEB ChairwomanHasmig Derderian to give the conference address.Welcoming remarks were offered by Vice-Speaker of

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ÀÝÏÑ© ÚáíѳÝÝÇë»³Ý Ï»¹ñáݳó³õ ÐúØ-Ç Ï³ñ»õáñ·áñÍáõÝ¿áõû³Ý íñ³Ûª ѽûñ³ó³Í ѳÛñ»Ý³�Ý³Ï »ñÇ-

the Armenian National Assembly, Vahan Hovhannisianand UN Children’s Fund Director, Rights of theChild, Children of Special Needs Program NayiraAvetisian. Armenian National Assembly member andChairman on the Standing Committee on Foreign Re-lations Armen Rustamian spoke on “The World atLarge and the ARS as a Pan-Armenian Organization.”

Vehanoush Margarian, Director of the ARS, Inc.Yerevan Central Office and Sponsor a Child programand ARS Inc.’s Coordinator of Special Programs inArmenia, Anna Mnatsakanian, presented “ARS

Achievements in Armenia.” Director of ARS Inc.Health Programs in Armenia, Dr. Sevak Avagian, dis-cussed “ARS Health Programs.”

The presentations were followed by lunch and apanel discussion on “ARS Yesterday, Today and To-morrow.” ARS CEB secretary Mayda Melkonian in-troduced the panel topic and the importance of hav-ing a realistic and open discussion on the issues. ARSCEB member Tamar Der-Bedrossian introduced thepanelists and moderated the subsequent discussion.Former ARS CEB Chairwoman Vanouhi Issadjanianspoke on “The ARS Yesterday;” Nanor Hreshdakianof the ARS Syria region spoke on “The ARS Today;”and Lilit Hovhanisian of the ARS Armenia region andNyree Derderian of the ARS Western USA regionspoke on “The ARS Tomorrow.”

Issadjanian described the ARS’s role in the history ofArmenia and the Armenian people from its establish-ment in 1910. “It’s impossi-ble to understand thepresent or future without knowing the past,” shenoted.

Hreshdakian added, “There are organizations that

14

ï³ë³ñ¹ ï³ññ»ñáõ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙáíª ÏÝáç »õ Ù³ÝáõÏÇ Çñ³-õáõÝùÝ»ñáõ Ñ»ï ³éÝãáõáÕ Ñ³ñó»ñáõ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ß˳-ï³ÝùÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç£ ÀÝÏÑ© î¿ñï¿ñ»³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏ»ó Û³Ý-¹áõ·Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ ÐúØ-Ç Ý»ñÏ³Û å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñáõÝ ·á-ѳóÙ³Ý Ç ËݹÇñ© áñáÝó ß³ñùÇݪ Ùdzï»ë³Ï ϳÝáݳ-·ÇñÝ»ñáõ ·áñͳ¹ñáõÙª ÐúØ-Ç �áÉá°ñ ÙdzõáñÝ»ñáõÝѳٳñ© ÁÝïñáõ³Í »õ í׳ñáíÇ í³ñÇã ïÝûñ¿Ý ÙÁª ÇÝã-åÇëÇÝ »Ý ²ñ»õÙáõïùÇ ß³ï ÙÁ �³ñ»·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ÙÇáõ-ÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ å³ñ³·³ÛÇÝ£

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г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÐúØ-Çϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå³Í 15-³Ù»³ÏÇѳݹÇëáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ

ê»åï© 22-ÇÝ« г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÐúØ-ÇÞñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ í³ñãáõÃÇõÝÁ ÑÇõñ³ëÇñ»ó15-³Ù»³ÏÇÝ ÝáõÇñáõ³Í ËÝçáÛù ÙÁ«ÇëÏ ë»åï© 23-Çݪ Ýáõ³·³Ñ³Ý¹¿ë ÙÁ£¼áÛ· Ó»éݳñÏÝ»ñáõÝ Ù³ëݳÏó»ó³Ý å»ï³Ï³Ý »õ ³ÛÉٻͳٻÍÝ»ñ£

²ÝݳËÁÝóó ËÝçáÛùÁ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³õ Bellagio ׳-ß³ñ³ÝÇÝ Ù¿çª ÉÇ ³é³ï áõï»ÉÇùÝ»ñáí« »ñ³Åßïáõ-û³Ù� »õ å³ñáí£ ìÇ׳ϳѳÝáõû³Ý ïáÙë»ñͳËáõ»ó³Ý Ç ß³Ñ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ÝdzõáñÇÝ£ ºñ»ÏáÛÃÁí»ñç³ó³õ ѳÛñ»Ý³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý »ñ·»ñáí£

г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÐúØ-Ç Þñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ í³ñãáõû³Ý ϳ½-ٳϻñå³Í Üáõ³·³Ñ³Ý¹¿ëÁ ϳ۳ó³õ êáõݹáõÏ»³ÝdzÝáõ³Ý óï»ñ³ëñ³ÑÇÝ Ù¿çª ÑÇõñ³ëÇñáõû³Ù� ³ï»-ݳå»ï« ÁÝÏÑ© ²Éí³ñ¹ ä»ïñá뻳ÝÇ£ Ü»ñÏ³Û ¿ÇÝ Ð³-Û³ëï³ÝÇ ²é³çÇÝ ïÇÏÇÝ« ̧ áÏï© ́ ¿Éɳ øáã³ñ»³ÝÇ »õä³ñáÝáõÑÇ ¶³ñáɳÛÝ øáùëÇ£

ÞÝáñѳõáñ³Ï³Ý Ëûëù ³éÇÝ ÐÚ¸ ́ ÇõñáÛÇ Ý»ñϳ۳-óáõóÇã« ÁÝÏ© Ðñ³Ý¹ سñ·³ñ»³ÝÁ« ÐÐ ²½·³ÛÇÝ ÄáÕá-íÇ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ« îÇ·ñ³Ý Âáñá뻳ÝÁ« гٳѳÛϳϳÝÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÇ í³ñÇã ïÝûñ¿Ý« ܳÛÇñ³ Ø»ÉùáõÙ»³ÝÁ«²ñó³ËÇ ÐúØ-Ç ³ï»Ý³å»ï« ÁÝÙÏÑ© Ü¿ÉÉÇ ÔáõÉ»³ÝÁ,æ³õ³ËùÇ ÐúØ-Ç ³ï»Ý³å»ï« ÁÝÏÑ© γñÇÝ¿ ³¹»-õá뻳ÝÁ« »õ ÐúØ-Ç Î»¹ñ© í³ñãáõû³Ý ³ï»Ý³å»ï«

have existed for a short time and organizations that arefounded and thrive in the community that last.” Re-flecting on the Third Armenia-Diaspora Conferenceheld earlier in the week, Hreshdakian observed, “TheARS is an excellent example of an organization thatworks together in the Diaspora and in the Homeland.”

Hovhanisyan focused on the important ARS workthat young people are fueling in Armenia today, in-cluding issues focused on the human trafficking ofwomen and children. Derderian introduced bold ideasfor shaking up the ARS, including one set of uniformby-laws throughout the ARS’s and consideration of anelected, but paid, chief executive officer, similar to anorganizational structure used by some non-profit orga-

nizations in theWest.

The panel discus-sion was lively, aswas the questionand answer discus-sion that followed.Conference attend-ees discussed inter-action among thegenerations, theprocess of imple-menting new ideasto attract newmembers, and theroadblocks mem-bers some-timesencounter when

they propose bold, but untested methods to the Soci-ety. The conference was inspired by the testimonials ofyoung ARS leaders in Armenia. The conference endedwith the presentation of gifts from the ARS CEB tothe four panelists.

15th Anniversary Events Hosted byARS Armenia

The ARS Armenia Regional Executive hosted a 15th

anniversary gala dinner on Sept. 22 and 15th anniver-sary concert on Sept. 23. The events were attended bypolitical dignitaries and guests.

The gala dinner was held at Bellagio Restaurant andwas an evening filled with food, music, and dancing. Araffle was held to benefit the ARS Armenia and thenight concluded with the singing of patriotic songs.

The concert was held at Sundukian Theater and washosted by ARS Armenia Regional Executive Chair-woman Alvard Petrosian. Present were Armenia’s FirstLady, Dr. Bella Kocharian and Baroness Caroline Cox.

Ungh. Anna MnatsakanianCoordinator of Special ARS Programs in Armenia

15

ÁÝÏÑ© Ú³ëÙÇÏ î¿ñï¿ñ»³ÝÁ£òáõó³¹ñáõ»ó³õ ïå³õáñÇã ß³ñųÝϳñ ÙÁª г۳ë-

ï³ÝÇ ÐúØ-Ç ³é³çÇÝ 15 Ëéáí³ÛáÛ½ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÁ Ýϳ-ñ³·ñáÕ« áõñ ÏÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõ¿ñ ØÇáõû³Ý ï³ñ³Í ³ß-˳ï³ÝùÁª û·ÝáõÃÇõÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»Éáõ 1988-Ç »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇݽáÑ»ñáõÝ« ²ñó³ËÇ å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇÝ íÇñ³õáñÝ»ñáõݹ³ñÙ³ÝáõÙ »õ ½áÑáõ³ÍÝ»ñáõÝ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñáõÝÝÇõÃ³Ï³Ý áõ �³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÇõÝ« �ÅßÏ³Ï³Ý áõ¹³ëïdzñ³Ïã³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ«»õ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÇõݪ ÁÝÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ »õ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝϳéáÛóÝ»ñáõ Û³ÝáõÝ Ð³Ûñ»ÝÇ Ù»ñ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ç�³ñûñáõû³Ý£

òáõó³¹ñáõû³Ý Û³çáñ¹»ó »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý Û³Ûï³·ÇñÙÁ áñ Ùdzõáñ»ó г۳ëï³ÝÇÐúØ-Ç »õ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ¶©Ð³Ýñ³å»ïáõû³Ý 15-³Ù»³ÏÝ»ñáõ áõñ³Ë³éÇà ïû-ݳϳï³ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ£ ºñ·ãáõÑÇ Þáõß³Ý ä»ïñá뻳ݻõ ²õ»ï ́ ³ñë»Õ»³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇÝ ³ñáõ»ëï³·¿ï-Ý»ñÁ -- áñáÝóÙ¿ Ù¿ÏÝ ¿ñ Ýá°ÛÝ ÇÝùÝ Þáõß³Ý ä»ïñá뻳-ÝÁ -- ØÇù³Û¿É äûÕá뻳ÝÁ« ²ñÙ¿Ý ØáíëÇ뻳ÝÁ« ȳÛɳê³ñÇ�¿Ï»³ÝÁ, Ú³ëÙÇÏ Î³ñ³å»ï»³ÝÁ, ̧ ³õÇà ²-ٳɻ³ÝÁ, ²Û¹³ ê³ñ·ë»³ÝÁ »õ §²ÏáõÝù¦ å³ñ³ËáõÙ-�Á£ Úáõ½Çã »õ Ý»ñßÝãáõÙáí ÉÇ »ñ»ÏáÛ ÙÁª ÐúØ-Ç Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇÑáÕÇ íñ³Û« ³Ýó»³É áõ Ý»ñÏ³Û ÝáõÇñáõÙÇÝ á·Çáí Ï»Ý-ëáõݳϫ áõ ѳõ³ïùáí ˳ݹ³í³éª ۳ݹ¿å Éáõë³ßáճ峷³Ý£�

ÐúØ-Á ³Ûëûñáõ³Û Ñ³Û ÏÝáç³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõ-ÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ »ñÇó³·áÛÝÝ ¿£ γñáÕ »ù Û³õ»É»³Éï»Õ»ÏáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ ëï³Ý³É ÐúØ-Ç Ù³ëÇÝ -- »õÝáõÇñ³ïõáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáí Ó»ñ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÇõÝÁ µ»ñ»É³Ûë µ³ñ»ëÇñ³Ï³Ý ÙÇáõû³Ý µ³½Ù³åÇëÇ Íñ³-·ÇñÝ»ñáõÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý -- ³Ûó»É»Éáí ³Ýáñ ϳÛ-ù¿çÁª www.ars1910.org, ϳ٠ѻé³Ó³ÛÝ»Éáí Ñ»ï»õ»³ÉÃÇõÇÝ©- (617) 926-5892, ϳ٠ӻñ »-ݳٳÏáí,Ñ»ï»õ»³É ѳëó¿ÇÝ.- publications@ars1910.org.

Congratulatory remarks were offered by ARF Bu-reau Chairman, Hrand Margarian, Armenian Na-tional Assembly President, Tigran Torosian, ArmeniaFund Executive Director, Naira Melcumian, ARSArtsakh Chapter Chairperson, Nelly Choulian, ARSJavakhk Chapter Chairwoman, Garineh Tatevosian,and ARS CEB Chairperson, Hasmig Derderian.

A powerful film was shown of the ARS Armenia’stumultuous first15 years, documenting the Society’s ac-tive role in providing aid to the 1988 earthquake vic-tims, giving medical care to those who were woundedor fell in the battle for Artsakh, donating resources forthe building of medical and educational facilities, andsupporting social and educational programs for thebetterment of Armenia’s men, women and children.

A musical program followed, combining the joy ofthe ARS Armenia’s 15th anniversary with the joy of theRepublic of Armenia’s same 15-year milestone. SingerShushan Petrosian and Aved Parseghian introduced theentertainers who included Petrosian herself, as well asMikael Boghosian, Armen Movsisian, Layla Saribekian,Hasmig Karapetian, David Amalian, and AidaSarksyan and dance group “Agoonk.” It was an emo-tional and inspiring night of remembrance for theARS’s past contributions to the Republic’s first yearsand a night of hope for all that the ARS plans to bringfor Armenia’s future.�

The Armenian Releif Society is the oldest continuing women’sorganization in the world. Learn more about the ARS or howto make a donation to help the Society continue its importantwork by visiting www.ars1910.org, calling (617) 926-5892 oremailing publications@ars1910.org.

The Panelists

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The Education of Ashot

Yes, he was here, Raffi was here in Shvanidzorin 1881,” said Ashot as we climbed up thefoothill; up the steep, narrow, winding path

leading to a row of crumbled and crumbling flat-roofed stone houses turning to piles of stone. “Andwhen he came,” continued Ashot, “Raffi said, ‘Youmust build a school in this village!’ and the villagersdid.”

“This is where I wasborn, and this is whereI received my elemen-tary education!” saidAshot proudly, hisgreen eyes sparkling ashe raised his arms tothe sky. “And it was inthese mountains —during Lenin’s time,while walking alone oneday with my father,who was a religiousman — where I learnedfrom him what to say,what not to say… andwarning me not to goto church because I wasa Gomsomol, a young Communist. I was just nine yearsold.”

“Ashot, what does Shvanidzor mean?” I asked thistall, gentle-voiced man of the mountains.

“The word, according to the locals,” he began, “ac-tually has two meanings. The first is, ‘weeping valley’because of all the blood that was shed protecting ourland from both Turkish and Persian invaders. The sec-ond is, ‘sweet valley’ because the sun is so intense herein the southern part of Armenia, it makes our fruitsextra sweet.”

As I listened to Ashot speak with such fervor in hisvoice, such passion in his eyes about this rugged,jagged land of his ancestors—Weeping Valley, SweetValley—I looked long and hard at the terrain beforeme, so mountainous, rocky, and dry, yet lush in the dis-tance where the river Arax flowed. So, this was Davit

Bek Country! This was Zangezur! This was SiuniaytsAshkharh! This was where for centuries heroes lived,fought and died defending home, hearth and land, andwhere they still live today—and the relentless invadersnow are unemployment and poverty.

We finally reached the rocky slope, the place wherecrumbled and crumbling stone houses were oncehome to many. Ashot’s home, abandoned years ago

for a better life inYerevan, still stood butwas on the verge ofcollapse, while all thatremained of the housenext to his was the tonir(a bell-shaped clay ovenplaced in the ground)and a partially standingwall. That house hadbeen his relative, SurenHacobjaniHovhannesian’s (my fa-ther) childhood home.I touched the wall,walked over to wherethe tonir room hadbeen, and thought: My

father was born here, seven children and their motherand father had lived here—here, where once a one-room house with a hearth, a tonir room, and a balconyoverlooking the dirt road below had stood. This waswhere he was orphaned at nine, finished the villageschool, a grades-one-to-four elementary school, andleft in 1917 to live with his uncle in Yerevan where, stilla child, he worked in a shop and continued his educa-tion, eventually earning his teaching degree in 1930from the Mankavarzhakan Technikum, by attending itsevening classes.

Children began first grade at age seven, sometimeseight, and while some villages had schools up to gradefour, others had schools up to grade seven. Today,villages such as Shvanidzor offer a higher level of edu-cation; its teachers have university degrees; and a num-ber of the students go on to study at universities and

The Education of AshotBY KNARIK O. MENESHIAN

Meghri school children

17

institutes. In schools, first graders learned the alphabet,the numbers, adding, subtracting, and multiplication.By the second half of the school year they began read-ing lessons.

Traveling by foot from one’s village to a nearby one,or moving to a town or city in pursuit of a better orhigher education was not uncommon as far back asthe 1840s, when the revival of Armenian learning andliterature had already begun. In the case of studentswho wished to continue their education, and whosefamilies were able to arrange such a move, the studentwould be placed with relatives or friends while attend-ing school, or enrolled in a boarding school. Such ar-rangements were also the practice in Armenian regionsin the Ottoman Empire.

“Ashot,” I asked, “Are there any churches in this vil-lage?” I had not seen any domes.

“Look over there, on that hill beyond the trees,” hereplied as he pointed toone of Shvanidzor’s threechurches nestled in be-tween a cluster of houses.

The small 17th centurychurch with a slanted roofhad no dome. It was thestyle in this village of 112households (as of 2004).Not far from the village,there was yet another stylechurch. Built in the 10th

century of small stonesand mud, the square-shaped church, with twosmall slits for windows,was built partially under-ground and had a flat roof. This place of worshipwas not easily noticeable in the rocky terrain where liz-ards and scorpions scurried about, where Turkish vil-lages had been built (prior to and during Soviet times)between the existing Armenian ones. As I thoughtabout the various churches and ancient monasteries Ihad seen throughout Armenia, I began thinking aboutthe important roles they — as well as the pagantemples during the pre-Christian era — played in thehistory of our people, such as in early education. Dur-ing medieval times, 10th to 14th centuries, courses suchas medicine, the natural sciences, and philosophy weretaught at such monasteries as Tatev (in the Zangezurregion), Gladzor, Haghbat and Sanahin; at Aghtamar,Ani, Sis, and Yerznka, where education at the time wasdominated by Christian doctrine. Many who attendedthese learning centers were laymen.

The educational institutions associated with the mon-asteries of Tatev, Gladzor, and Sanahin (all three inEastern Armenia) were considered universities; whilethe monasteries of Haghbat (in Eastern Armenia),Narekavanq and Varagavanq (both in the Van Prov-ince) were considered schools. These monastic centersof learning played a major role in preparing teachers.In addition to the courses mentioned, students alsostudied architecture, astronomy, geometry, calligraphy,history, music, mathematics, painting, and other disci-plines. Among the teachers who lectured at these cen-ters were Anania Shirakatsi and Grigor Tatevatsi.

As Ashot and I began making our way down theslope, I asked, “How did the women and childrencarry water from the nearby chaheriz (centuries-old,man-made underground canal which provides potablewater) all the way up here, every day, all year long?”

“Stone steps used to line this path,” Ashot said,“making the climb upand down much easier,but time and the ele-ments have caused themto crumble and the stepsto be swept away justlike the houses. You see,because arable land isscarce in this area, wehave always had to buildour homes up high onthe hills in order to culti-vate the land below forfood, for our livelihood.In addition, the vantagepoint and the secret pas-sages between the houses

served us well during times of danger.”As I looked up at the rocky slope one last time, I

thought: Besides the teachers in the pagan temples, themonasteries, and the schools, the rugged terrain, turbu-lent history, and harsh life of the Armenian peoplewere by far the most demanding and exacting ofteachers.

Walking again on flat land free from rolling pebblesand stones and thorny weeds, we were greeted on theside of the road by a sleepy cow, lazily waving her tailin the air, and chickens clucking and pecking in the dirt.“Barev dzez,” (Greetings to you) we said to a group ofold and young men sitting in the shade smoking andtalking, and to some old women sitting on a log, star-ing into the dusty distance. Somberly, they greeted ustoo, and we continued on our way. Nearby, a younggirl about ten or twelve years old sat on a tree stump

“The 19th century — a crucialperiod in the history of the

Armenians — marked the revivalof education and the creationof schools and learning centers

for all the people, not just the selectfew. This period of enlightenment

was met with zeal, idealism,and a sense of renewal.”

18

reading a book. She reminded me of another girl,who was about her age in 1991, studying in her frigidkitchen in Yerevan during Armenia’s bleak days whenthe country was still traumatized by the physical andemotional damages caused by the 1988 earthquake,and the political and economic upheaval and uncer-tainty that prevailed. I remembered 1991 and my stu-dents in the little blue school house in Jrashen, a villagenext to Spitak, and how eager they were to learn de-spite the lack of food, water, heat, and electricity. OurEnglish classes would often be held in a closet where abroken sink, a broom, and a mop were kept. For theentire class period, the lesson would be conductedstanding shoulder toshoulder with coatson. The students,both the younger onesand the older ones,were eager and enthu-siastic to learn. In themud, in the snow, inshabby clothes andshoes, with worn-down pencils andflimsy notebooks, andsome in poor health,they came every day tolearn English, even onholidays. Whether inthe villages, towns, cit-ies, or the capital,Yerevan, schools wereopen and educationcontinued despite all adversity.

“See that girl reading over there,” said Ashot pointingto the girl sitting on the tree stump, “she reminds meof a scene from one of Raffi’s (born Hacob Meliq-Hacobian, 1835-1888, Persia) writings… He had justreturned home with great excitement and enthusiasmto Payajuk, a village in the Salmast region of Persia, in1856 after receiving his education in Tiflis, Georgia,first at the Garabed Belakhian School (established1846), a private Armenian prep-school, and then at theRussian Gymnasium. The prep-school, specialized inArmenian studies, offered boarding and prepared stu-dents for the gymnasium (high school.) Learning muchand exposed to new ideas, curricula, and methods ofteaching other than the harsh, overly pedantic, and un-productive Ter Totik Dbrots (village schools run bypriests) style of teaching, he was filled with a passion-ate desire to educate and enlighten his fellow Arme-nians. One day, as he was walking around his village,

he came across a young teenage girl sitting near aspring. Raffi asked her, ‘Do you know how to read?’

“The girl responded, ‘I am not a Tiratsu (one study-ing for the priesthood) or a priest that I need to learnor know how to read.’

“Raffi felt strongly that women needed to be edu-cated for the enlightenment of the nation, and as hepondered the young girl’s response, he thought to him-self: Poor girl, I will remove the confusion from yourinnocent mind. Reading is more important for youthan for the tiratsu and the priest. You must educatethe new generation, and you must smooth the path for

our bright future! Yes,you must learn to read!It will be then that youwill no longer be apoor and pitiable crea-ture, and your childrenwill live good andhappy lives…”

Soon after Raffi’s re-turn home to Payajuk,he and a friend openeda school to provide thechildren of the villagewith a modern educa-tion. Unfortunately,due to fierce oppositionfrom the clergy and thePrelate, the school wasshut down, and hisdream of opening a

girls’ school never materialized. In 1875, Raffi taughthistory and Armenian at the Aramian School in Tabriz.In 1877, he was invited to teach at a boys’ school anda girls’ school in the town of Verin Agulis in theNakhijevan Province of Eastern Armenia. During the1600s, eight thousand Armenian families lived inAgulis. They had schools and a library.

Emphasis on education for the Armenians in Persiacame in the 1800s, later than for the Armenians inEastern Armenia—Yerevan, Nakhijevan, Zangezur,and Karabagh—within the Russian Empire, and espe-cially in Tiflis, as well as the Armenians in the OttomanEmpire.

The 19th century—a crucial period in the historyof the Armenians—marked the revival of educa-tion and the creation of schools and learning centersfor all the people, not just the select few. This pe-riod of enlightenment was met with zeal, idealism,and a sense of renewal.

A classroom at Jrashen

19

I n 1810, the Armenian community in Astrakhan,Russia, opened its first school, the AghababianSchool. Earlier, in 1780, the Armenian commu-

nity in Calcutta, India, had opened a school, and in1821, they opened the Armenian college, MardasirakanDjemaran (depending on the curriculum, the djemaran isa high school or a junior college), which trained nu-merous teachers and men of letters for forty years. Inthe early 1800s, the Murat-Raphaelian School wasopened in Venice by the Mkhitarists. In Moscow, theLazarian College was established in 1815. Initially, anelementary school for poor children, in 1820 it becamea gymnasium, where along with basic subjects, Arabic,Armenian, French, German, Latin, Persian, Russianand Turkish were also taught. It was renamed theLazarian Institute for Oriental Languages in 1827, andin the 1830s received the title of Second-Level Educa-tional Institution. Later, the school was known as theMoscow Institute for Eastern Studies, and then the In-stitute for the History of Asian Peoples. MichaelNalbandian, who graduated from the University of St.Petersburg, earning the title of professor, was one ofthe teachers that taught at Lazarian College. Some ofthe school’s well-known graduates were RaphaelPatkanian (Kamar Katiba), Vahan Terian, Leo Tolstoy,Ivan Turgenev.

In the Russian Empire, freedom was given to ethniccommunities to open their own schools in 1836.Ejmiatzin was given permission by the Russian gov-ernment to open one school associated with each ac-tive church, and one school for each of the six regionssubject to Ejmiatzin. Prior to 1836, though, Armenianschools had opened in Astrakhan, Nor Nakhijevan(Rostov-On-Don), and in Kizliar and Mozdok insouthern Russia north of the Caucasus Mountains.

Before 1800, nearly all education for the Armenianswas controlled by the church in order to train clerics

and to preserve the primacy of Grabar (Classical Ar-menian). Armenians in the Caucasus had very few, ifany, schools before the Russian annexations. With theexistence of the Aghababian, Gogoyan, and Lazarianschools in Astrakhan, Nor Nakhijevan, and Moscow,respectively, and the Zharangavorats Seminary inEjmiatzin (opened 1813), and the Nersisian Djemaran inTiflis, Armenian learning in the Caucasus, or EasternArmenia, began to take shape and branch out to thechurches and homes where usually one devoted edu-cator would teach. By the end of 1836, there weretwenty-one Armenian church schools.

In Tiflis, the Nersisian Djemaran, or School, was es-tablished in 1824, and had three grades with 80 stu-dents the first year. By the 1885-86 school year, it hadseven grades with 487 students, and by the end of the1800s, it had 712 students. The school graduated itslast 25 students in 1924. The following year, it wasconverted to a trade school. Some well-knownNersisian School graduates were Khachatur Abovian,who later taught in Tiflis (from 1837 to 1843), DerenikDemirjian, Anastas Mikoyan, and HovhannesTumanian. Besides the Garabed Belakhian School, theGayanian and Hovnanian Girls’ Schools in Tiflis werealso opened in the 1800s, as were the YeghisabetianGirls’ School in Akhltskha, Georgia, and the Mariam-Ghukasian School in Shushi, Karabagh.

After leaving Tiflis, Khachatur Abovian, (1809-1848,born in Qanaqer on the outskirts of Yerevan) a pro-gressive thinker, who had studied in Dorpat, Germany(now Tartu, Estonia) and read works by Kant,Rousseau, Goethe, and Schiller, believed that studentsshould be treated kindly, with respect, and in a pleasantteaching environment. He also believed strongly ineducation for girls. (Mkrtich Khrimian Hairig andRaffi had similar beliefs and implemented such teach-ing approaches as well.) Abovian was both teacherand principal at the Yerevan Regional School from1843 to 1848. The school was established in 1832with three grades. Later, pre-gymnasium and gymna-sium level grades were added. Because of Abovian’sprogressive, nurturing, and encouraging approach toeducation, during his second year as principal of theschool, the number of students increased from 90 to190. The majority of students were Armenian, whilethe remainder were a mixture of other ethnic groups,including Russian and Azeri. Classes were conductedin Russian, and the major subjects taught were math-ematics, religion, and Russian Language. In addition totheir regular subjects, the Armenian students also stud-ied Armenian, and the Azeri students studied Turkish.In the school’s pre-gymnasium level—grade four—

Children at dancing school

20

French, geography, history, and Latin were taught. Atgymnasium level—grades five through eight—Greekand physics were taught. In 1881, the school became agymnasium with 8 grades and two pre-college grades.The gymnasium offered boarding, and had a libraryand workshop. In 1925, the school was renamedAbovian School.

The Gevorgian Djemaran was founded at Ejmiatzinin 1874, and dedicated to the training of priests andteachers. Gradually, it became a college and its religiouscharacter diminished with a strong emphasis on Arme-nian scholarship. It became a hotbed for political ac-tivity later in the century. Both the Gayanian School in

Yerevan and the Arghutian School in Alexandropol(later known as Leninakan, and now Gyumri) wereopened in the 1800s.

In the mid 1800s, American and French missionarieshad established schools in the Urmia region in pre-dominately Assyrian areas. A number of Armenianstudents attended these schools where they studied En-glish and French. In Tabriz, Persia, the AramianSchool opened in the mid 1850s, and so did schools inNew Julfa (Isfahan), where many illuminated manu-scripts were produced. At the Aramian School, whereRaffi taught from 1875 to 1877, he modernized thecurriculum, introduced new teaching methods, andwas instrumental in secularizing the school, “which ear-lier was run by ignorant tiratsus.

In the Ottoman Empire, even though minoritieswere finally given the right to open their own schoolsin 1789, it was by the second half of the 1800s thatArmenian schools — and other schools that Arme-nians attended — began opening in large numbers. In

Constantinople and Smyrna, however, a number ofboys’ and girls’ schools already existed in the 1840s,one of them being the Mesrobian College which hadopened in 1825 in Smyrna. In both cities, there wereschools for the training of trade apprentices, and smallchurch schools where priests taught religion, reading,and writing to the neighborhood children. InConstantinople, the Nersesian Varzharan and SkutarCollege were well known. By the end of the 1800s,nearly every Armenian village had at least one school.In areas with large Protestant and Catholic communi-ties, those denominations also opened schools. Later,with the re-establishment of the Ottoman Constitutionof 1908, reading rooms and lecture halls were also es-tablished in Armenian villages and towns.

In Kharberd, schools were opened, in the 1800s, byFrench, German, Italian, and Spanish missionaries, aswell as by the Armenian Evangelical Union and theArmenian (Catholic) Sisters of the Immaculate Con-ception. At the missionary schools, boys and girls at-tended separate classes at the high school and collegelevels. In the lower grades, coeducation was practiced.A theological seminary was founded in 1859, namedArmenia College in 1876, and renamed EuphratesCollege in 1888. The Kharberd Central School wasfounded in 1887. The writers Hamastegh andTotovents were students at the school.

In the city of Erzerum, a center where manuscriptswere produced, there were ten community schools,one of them established in 1811. There was oneCatholic school for boys, established in 1867, run bythe Mkhitarist Order of Venice; one Catholic schoolfor girls, run by the Armenian Sisters of the Immacu-late Conception; two schools — one for boys and onefor girls — maintained by the Protestant community.Hripsimian Girls’ School, one of the communityschools, was established in 1875. The SanasarianVarzharan was founded in 1881 and served as ateacher-training center. Although the school was closedin 1912, it opened later in Sebastia in the same year.The Kavafian School, a coeducational elementaryschool, was established in 1905. Karmir Vanq, a mon-astery near the village of Hintsk, in the province ofErzerum, was a center of education, which includedan orphanage, hospital, and leprosarium. Some ofErzerum’s teachers received their education at the Tiflisand Ejmiatzin schools, where they had been trained asspecialists in the fields of Armenian history, language,and literature.

In the 1800s, American missionaries, associated withthe American Board of Commissioners for ForeignMissions, arrived in the province of Sebastia and es-

Golden Autumn

21

tablished a number of educational institutions, includ-ing an elementary and a high school for boys and simi-lar schools for girls. In 1886 they established AnatoliaCollege in Marsovan — where the students and teach-ers were largely Armenian — a kindergarten, and aschool for the deaf. In the same city, the AmericanBoarding School for Girls was renamed AnatoliaGirls’ School in 1886. Among the large number ofschools in the city of Sebastia that existed in the 1880s,there were the Aramian and Seraydarian Boys’ Schoolsand the Hrispimian Girls’ School. The Sivas NormalSchool for Boys, a secondary level school, was estab-lished in 1880 and becameSivas Teacher’s College in1912. Armenian Catholicsand Protestants also estab-lished schools in Sebastia.

In Van, MkrtichKhrimian, reverentlyknown as Khrimian Hairig(born 1820-1907 in Van),established a seminary atVarag Monastery in the1850s. It was the firstschool in the area thatprovided modern teach-ing methods, including theabsence of corporal pun-ishment. He trained andencouraged teachers to create a positive and pleasantlearning atmosphere as well as to treat students com-passionately, and instill in them patriotism and love forthe homeland. He believed in the education of girls,and was against the “Oriental idea that husbands havea right to rule over their wives by force.” Earlier in the1840s, a number of boys’ and girls’ schools had beenestablished in the region where a number of scriptoriaexisted in monastic centers of learning. The YeramianSchool had opened in Van in the 1800s.

Our visit to Shvanidzor had come to an end, but be-fore it was time for Ashot and me to get on the busback to Yerevan, I asked him if we could stop at thevillage cemetery. “So, you want to visit the geereezmodeedooz,” he said in his melodic Shvanidzor dialect, and Inodded, wondering what kinds of stories the head-stones will tell? Most certainly, history lessons for an-other day, but for now a quick look would have to do.

The bus back to Yerevan was full. Among the pas-sengers were two families from Agarak, a neighboringtown. They had locked the doors of their homes per-manently in pursuit of better lives — one in Yerevan,

and the other in Russia.The following day, Ashot and I continued our dis-

cussion on education as we strolled up and down thebustling streets of Yerevan. Much had changed in thecapital and throughout the country since I first saw itin 1975, and then several more times in the 1990s, andduring my year’s stay in 2002-03 teaching English inGyumri and Tzaghgadzor. But, the enthusiasm forlearning among most of the students had not changedand remained equally strong whether in the Yerevanschools, such as the Aghbalian and Pushkin schools Ivisited in 1990, or later in the regions, where I taught

in a remote village school,a public school, an or-phanage, a communitycenter, and at a camp forunderprivileged childrenfrom throughout Arme-nia and Javakhq. As in thepast, the rote method ofteaching is still prevalent,teachers generally sit be-hind their desks as theyteach, and students risewhen the teacher entersthe classroom.

During the 1800s anumber of schools wereopened in the capital: The

Yerevan Regional School, 1832; the Armenian Reli-gious School, 1837; the Yerevan Boys’ School, 1850;the Norq Community School, 1860; the GayanianGirls’ School, 1866; the Teacher’s Seminary (the semi-nary was a three-story, black stone, Russian era build-ing, located on Abovian Street), 1881. Also the Library,in 1865, and the Printing House in 1874, were opened.Some of the periodicals on education during this pe-riod were: Dastiarak, (Educator), published 1873-74,Crimea; Dprots (School), published 1874-76,Vagharshapat; Mankavarzhakan Tert (Pedagogical Jour-nal), 1882-84, Tiflis; Aghbiur (Source), 1883-1918, Tiflis.Of significant importance was the first ArmenianTeachers’ Conference that took place in Tiflis in 1882.

“Had your father been alive and walking with usright now,” said Ashot with excitement in his voice,“he would have been amazed at the progress that hasbeen made in this city where he witnessed the birth ofArmenia’s First Republic, in this country where he wasarrested and tortured for his anti-government beliefsand writings, thus becoming a political prisoner in Si-berian prisons during Stalin’s reign.”

Just then, I remembered one of my students in

“Besides the teachers in the pagantemples, the monasteries, and the

schools, the rugged terrain, turbulenthistory, and harsh life of the Arme-

nian people were by far the most de-manding and exacting of teachers.”

22

Jrashen in 1991. He was a quiet, studious boy, nomore than ten years old, who one day during ourreading lesson suddenly blurted out, “Tikin (Mrs.)Knarik, Lenin papike satkets! (grandpa Lenin croaked!)”Yes, much had changed in the country.

During the First Republic, the fledgling democraticstate, which maintained its independence for almost 2½ years, was faced with a multitude of trials andtribulations. Despite them, its government had visionand a goal to lift the people from its centuries-old webof oppression and ignorance. Of utmost concern wasthe welfare of the people; therefore, social programswere begun, such as education through the establish-ment of schools and institutions of higher learning,health and hygiene, and land distribution to farmers.

Public lecture series were begun in Yerevan and vari-ous places throughout the country. The Minister ofEducation, Nikol Aghbalian, planned to have 1,500elementary schools in operation by 1921, and to fur-ther develop schools of higher learning (In 1908,Yerevan had 31 schools, and 3,724 students, predomi-nately Armenians.). Funds were allocated for text-books, adult literacy classes for indigent students, andchildren who lost family members in defense of thehomeland. Plans were made for a seven-year militaryacademy in Kars; a medical school in Yerevan, andtechnical schools in Alexandropol and Yerevan. In1919, Yerevan opened its first hospital, which includedan obstetrics and gynecology department.

Founded in 1919, the State University of Armenia(later renamed Yerevan State University) was openedin 1920 in Alexandropol, with plans to expand the uni-versity and transfer the campus to Yerevan in the fall,where it would temporarily be housed in the buildingof the Teacher’s Seminary on Abovian Street. Alloca-tions were made for faculty housing and the purchaseof books from abroad. By September, 1920, six hun-dred thirty two men and women had registered forthe fall term, and a number of internationally re-nowned Armenian scholars returned to Armenia toteach at the university.

After units of the Red Army entered Yerevan onApril 2, 1921, life changed drastically for the people inArmenia. The nation’s hard fought, albeit brief, inde-pendence would be squelched for decades until its for-mal return on September 21, 1991.

During the Soviet period, education continued to ex-cel, and schooling was free, including the universitylevel. In 1921, twenty-two new schools were opened;eighteen primary and four secondary. During the

same year, the medical school reopened, and a musicschool was started. In 1922, the Fine Arts School wasopened, and in 1923 the Mankavarzhakan Technikum.

During the 1930-31 period, a literacy program wasinstituted (during the First Republic such a programhad already been initiated and existed in 1919) andnight schools associated with factories were opened,so that workers could continue their education. In1930, mandatory primary education (4th grade) wasinitiated. In 1940, the mandatory grade level wasseven, and in 1969 it was eight.

It must be noted that after the 1915 Genocide, Ar-menian communities in the Middle East opened manyArmenian schools, including secondary level and, insome communities, post-high school educational insti-tutions.

In Armenia today, the Education System is as fol-lows: pre-school or kindergarten; elementary school(grades 1-3); basic school (grades 4-8); high school(grades 9-10), and higher education. Primary and sec-ondary education is free. Higher level education is freeonly for a limited number of students who score highon entrance exams.

“Come,” said Ashot in his impassioned and cheerfulmanner, “let us walk a little more!” The statue ofVartan Mamikonian soon came into view. We stoppedto watch some children at play. Their happy soundsfelt good, like the warmth of the sun on a chilly day.Suddenly, Ashot grew quiet and withdrawn, and theglimmer in his eyes was gone. I wondered what hadhappened, but dared not ask. In an attempt to get hismind off whatever was distressing him, I said, “Ashot,I cannot believe we have walked so far! Nearby is thekindergarten I visited in 1991. I remember it so well.It was autumn, and the children were welcoming voskeashun, golden autumn, and all its bounty with songsand dances and recitations.”

Ashot sighed and slowly nodded his head as he con-tinued watching the children. Then, more to himselfthen to me, he said, “Hima haskatsa vor sut er, ameninchuh sut er! (Now I understood, that it was a lie, itwas all a lie!) Look around you now. Look what hasbeen accomplished so far under our own flag! It canonly get better for us, including my Weeping Valley,Sweet Valley. Yes, voske ashun will soon be here. Let itsbounty be reaped by all, and let it be used with wis-dom, foresight, and benevolence!”�

August 2006

23

“ C A N T I Q U E ”(ARTSAKH)

Dans l’immensité du midi, montent les montagnes,

tendant la main aux nuances

des couleurs de sommets,

aux pieds d’un énorme soleil à son zénith,

lentement consumé…

Ici, les mots de Machtots sont réels

comme ce seuil de biblique pureté,

et les distantes clartés, impossible à brouiller,

doublement invisibles, comme le rêve d’un supplicant,

comme un nuage orageux, opalescent,

pleuvassant des gouttes chaudes d’un désir,

qui – face à face aux sommets — cherche encore

des saints aïeux,

là, ou les épaules délicates du mûrier,

tordues contre une menace meurtrière,

crie — Arménie! Arménie!

ARTEM HAROUTIUNIANTraduit par Tatoul Sonentz

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Verse in the Vernacularand Translation...Contemporary Armenian poetRY

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poeSIE armenienNE contemporainE

23

24

M O T H E R

The seed of life strewn lavish in markets of

endless cosmos complete twenty-four hours a week

auction sale “free to take” and the mob

rushed in a frenzy and grabbed

whatever it could take home to keep and ran back

to enchanted stores full to the brim

supplies spilled over it grasped again clasped

carried rushed out melded with demented hordes

hitting kicking knocking snatched all it found

rock animal forest sky its appetite is boundless

tears man and God apart and creates life not word

word is not life just a poor pathetic pitiful yet treacherous

black hyphen a breathless voice echo of an amorphous

meaning hardly reaching the moment of creation

it will stand tall in the glow flesh and bone

embodiment of hope sorrow bewilderment and bliss

which is a man.

Sitting alone in a corner she contemplates the facade

that will emerge from the clamor of pillage

thinking “this is my lot” yet aware

by instinct that she is a mere crucible small vessel

of Creativity unreachable unutterable devoid of purpose

to what? To what? “I don’t get it” she will repeat mechanically

until the ocean of her words dries up and their place

comes to fill an ardent unadorned endless love

for her offspring and humanity the furtive magic of life.

VAHÉ OSHAGAN

May 8, 1999, Hartford

Translated by Tatul Sonentz

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LA FÉDÉRATION EURO-ARMÉNIENNE a accueilli cet étédes étudiants de l’Union dans le cadre de sa sessionde formation européenne. L’objectif visé était defamiliariser ces jeunes en cours de second cycleuniversitaire avec le milieu politique européen, sesstructures et ses méthodes de travail.

Cette première session de trois semaines a vu laparticipation de jeunes de Belgique, d’Allemagne etd’Autriche. Elle leur a permis d’observer lefonctionnement des structures de l’Unioneuropéenne et d’appréhender l’état actuel desquestions arméniennes au sein de ses institutions.

Le programme de la session 2006 comprenait lavisite des principales institutions de l’Union, desconférences et des entretiens avec des acteursimportants sur la Politique de Voisinage avec leCaucase, la Politique d’Elargissement et notammentle problème de l’adhésion de la Turquie et sur lesquestions liées à l’espace, de liberté, de justice et desécurité dans l’Union européenne.

LES PARTICIPANTS ont notamment eu la possibilitéde s’entretenir sur la Politique Européenne deVoisinage avec M. Semneby, l’envoyé spécial del’Union européenne pour le Sud Caucase. Ils ontaussi rencontré M. Filori, en charge des payscandidats au sein du cabinet d’Olli Rehn, le

Commissaire à l’Elargissement. Divers universitaireset représentants d’ONG sont également venusdonner des conférences dans les locaux de laFédération Euro-Arménienne.

A travers leurs rencontres et leur présence au sein desinstitutions, les participants se sont formés auxméthodes et à l’action quotidienne du bureaueuropéen de la Fédération. Les étudiantsparticipants ont enfin préparé des dossiers surdifférents thèmes de travail de la Fédération.Laurent Leylekian, le directeur exécutif de la réussitede cette session de formation et remerciechaleureusement tous ceux qui y ont contribué.

«Cette expérience 2006 a été un franc succès. Dès2007, nous reconduirons un programme deformation similaire, afin de préparer notre jeunesseà l’action politique et afin d’aider les communautésd’Europe à renforcer la dimension citoyenne deleurs structures représentatives.» a déclaré ledirecteur exécutif de la Fédération Euro-Arménienne.�

LA FEDERATION EURO-ARMENIENNE

FORME LES FUTURS CADRES DE LA DIASPORA D’EUROPE

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Photo By Levon

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SOGHOMON SOGHOMONIAN est né le 26 mai, 1860, àKutahia, en Arménie Ottomane, orphelin à l’âge deonze ans, d’un père cordonnier et choriste à l’église deson village, et d’une mère composant des chansons.Cet héritage devait nouer les fils de son destin.

Il est envoyé au séminaire d’Edjmiatzine, siège del’Episcopat Arménien, pour y etudier. Commel’immense majorité des Arméniens disseminés dansl’empire Ottoman, il ne parlait que le turc. “C’est pourapprendre l’arménien et le chant que j’ai été conduit ici” dit-il àson arrivée: quelques années plus tard, il y sera ordon-né Vardapet (prêtre) sous le nom de Komitas.

Doté d’un timbre vocal exceptionnel, il etudie lamusique à Tbilisi, puis la théorie musicale européenneà Berlin. En 1884, éclatent les premiers massacrespréfiguramt l’avenir. Prénomitoiremment, Komitasprendra son bâton de pèlerin et sillonera tous lesvillage ou sont réfugiés ses semblables, recueillant sansrelâche, jusqu’en 1913, des milliers de chants popu-laires.

C’est tout naturellement qu’il devient le pionnier del’ethnomusicologie. Le patrimoine culturel le plusdiffusé et rhythmant la vie quotidienne étant le chant— chants profanes ou sacrés, memoir d’un peoplesoumis depuis des siècles aux affres de l’occupation.Les paysans Arméniens, toujours fidèles à leur foi, nepouvant communiquer en public dans leur langue,avaient transmis de générations en générations leur uset coutumes ancestrales à l’aide de chansons!

Komitas vint en 1906 à Paris invité par la SociétéInternationale de Musique. Communiquant le resultatde ses recherches “d’anthropologie culturel”, puis unethèse sur le rôle de la “musique dans le contextesocial”, il fit sensation! “Je m’incline et me prosterne devantvotre génie” proclame Claude Debussy qui devaitdevenir son ami.

En 1910, Komitas s’installe à Constantinople pourdes raisons pratiques. 1914, l’Europe est en guerre ela Turquie, alliée de l’Allemagne, met au point uneultime strategie: ne pouvant, depuis des siècles,asservir et convertir les Arméniens vivant dansl’empire Ottoman, les autorités decident de les rayerde la surface terrestre. Le 24 avril, 1914, debutent leexactions, avec en priorité les intellectuels résidant àConstantinople. Komitas fut l’un des premiers àconnaître les geôles ottomans. Il est, grâce à sanotoriété internationals, l’un des seuls à survivre aprquelques mois d’emprisonnement. Mais dans quel étSon psychisme était atteint. Il partit pour l’Europe oil vecut quelques temps avant d’être interné dans unasile psychiatrique à Paris. Il y mourut le 22 octobre1935, après des années de prostration.

KOMITAS est la symbolique arrménienne. Il offrit àson people un collier, un collier de diamant qu’ilchercha, trouvant toutes les pièrres precieuses qui lecomposent, enlevant toute la scorie qui s’était incrustée pendant des siecles. Il a atteint l’originel! Tellemeauthentique, que tous les Arméniens s’y retrouvent.Komitas a fait surgir une source contenant l’âme d’upeople. Il fut le levain ayant fait monter la pâte.

Ses melodies d’un monde rural sont graves, sincèrauthentique et pudique,à l’image du people. Depuisd’autres artistes sillionnent le monde en s’exprimantdans la langue et avec les formes de leur terre d’a-doption. Comme Charles Aznavourian et AlanHovhannes. Comme cet orphelin métamorphosé eHerbert von Karayan, et tant d’autres de part lemonde… Tous ont un dénominateur commun: lafidélité à leur racine et l’appartenance à une cultureapatride. Sans la revandiquer. Modestement. Na-turellement.

ARMAND ARTINIA

K O M I T A S

Berberian

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I t is a cold afternoon in December, 1988. We areall gathered in Grandma’s apartment in a suburbof Baku. I have just come home from school –

what used to be an ordinary, daily ritual, until I see myfamily huddled in the living room. Outside, the gather-ing turmoil and rampaging mobs seem to get morethreatening every day.

All five of us, Mama, Papa, Misha, Grandma and Iare sitting in this room, behind locked doors, shutteredwindows, in darkness…

Papa goes to the kitchen and returns with a bunch ofknives and puts the pile on a small table in front ofhim, muttering on and on, to no one in particular:

“If they break in, I’ll take a few of them with me…”

No one speaks; we whisper when we need to.Through the cracks in the blinds we see people rushingdown the street carrying green flags. There are blackflags too, obviously hand-made, hastily emblazonedwith “Death!” and “Vengeance!” A man in a blackcoat appears in front of the crowd, facing it and walk-ing backwards. It is hard to hear what he says, but itseems as if he is trying to stem the tide of this mob. Inresponse, the crowd yells louder and picks up speed.The determined stream pushes him out of the way.Some of the demonstrators spill into the courtyard ofthe apartment building next to ours, known, for gen-erations, as the ‘Armenian’ building.

The demonstrators scream and demand that the Ar-menians be brought out. Enraged at the lack of re-sponse, they throw rocks at the windows, the noise ofshattered glass mixes with screams and yelled obsceni-ties. Restless, in search of more accessible victims, theymove on, skipping our building, looking back andwaiving banners and fists at the shuttered windows,threatening to be back.

No one in the neighborhood is physically hurt thatday, yet, we all brace ourselves for the worst, as ru-mors spread like wildfire, that the Armenians ofKarabagh have gathered an army and have secededfrom Azerbaijan…

I miss school only on ‘horrible’ days. I walk to schoolalone, to the dismay of Mama’s colleagues who accuseher of being crazy to let me commute on foot, bymyself. Mama, at the time, does not believe there isany real danger for me, until the day demonstratorssurround my school.

It is during English class, that we hear the discordantsounds of a mob advancing through a street parallelto ours. All of us jump to our feet and rush towardsour third floor windows. Our teacher – a close, Azerifriend of my mother — yells and orders us back toour seats.

“Don’t you dare go near that window!” she screams.As we return to our desks, moving very cautiously,

PRELUDE TO POGROMBY ANNA ASTVATZATRIAN TURCOTT

PRELUDE TO POGROMBY ANNA ASTVATZATRIAN TURCOTT

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her back hugging the wall, she gets close to the win-dowpanes. We sit quietly, as she looks out for severalminutes. She returns to her desk and, with a release ofsuppressed excitement, we ask her what is happening.

“They seem to be calling for the upperclassmen tojoin the demonstrators gathering at Lenin Square,” shereplies. She tries to re-start class when screams, yellsand the sound of shattering glass, coming from thefloor below, drown her voice.

It seems, the teachers of the upperclassmen on thefloor below are having a harder time containing theirclasses. They are reluctant to let their students join thedemonstration, while the upperclassmen – mostlyAzeri – insist on joining the protesters and yell obsceni-ties in frustration. One upperclassman jumps from thesecond floor window and runs toward the street be-yond the brick wall that surrounds the school, as theheadmaster and teachers, yelling at the top of theirvoices, entreat him to turn back…

Probably in fear of parental ire, the student back-tracks and returns to his class. This retreat angers thedemonstrators who expect to have the support of thestudents. They are livid at the teachers for standing inthe way, so they start pelting the windows with rocksand crush all the windowpanes of the first floor andsome of the second floor.

Still furious, the mob storms the high brick wall andenters the school building. The most aggressive ele-ments threaten to beat up all who put up any resis-tance; after all, this was a Russian school, attended bymost Armenians. A group of burly militants pushes itsway towards the classrooms; it is stopped by teachersobjecting to this forced intrusion. In the ensuing melee,an elderly physical education teacher is manhandled.Desperate, intimidated, one of the teachers drops toher knees and pleads with the mob, begging the en-raged demonstrators to leave the building. The mili-tants answer by slapping her face; undaunted, she per-sists and, as a last resort, the teachers promise to leadthe students to Lenin Square the very next day…

Risking it all, the teachers, dead set against involvingthe children in what promises to be a violent demon-stration of hatred, do not keep their promise (in spiteof the fact, that the Administrator of the school was aCommunist Azeri) and the students are not led toLenin Square.

Regardless of all the fuss, numerous students don’tshow up at school during the following weeks, asdemonstrations and mob action flare up on a dailybasis…�

MUTED MESSAGE

First snow of the yearlife is muffled like the soundsmade by a string ensembleplaying to frozen eardrumsout of sight out of reach to thosestranded in the lone recessesof a receding lifeline…

Nothing can speak louderor freeze colder than silence.no curse emoted or whisperedcan cause the pain that silence canwithout emitting a word withoutbeing there – where once a songof a shared passion steamedthe windowpanes of this placewhere I now reside alonedismissed shelteredyet… homeless…

With the meandering flakessilence descends like a shroudon the passion that was my homefor what seemed like eternityconstant and real –at leastfrom lullaby to taps…

First snow of the yearWhen desire is muffled likea murmured prayer to godslong departed…

————————— Tatul SonentzDecember, 2001

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»Ý ë÷ÇõéùÇ Ù»ñ ѳÛñ»Ý³ÏÇóÝ»ñdzÝ߳ѳËݹÇñ ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ù� »õÝíÇñáõ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ù�: Ø»Ýù Ù»ñ �áÉáñ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»ÉÇ뫳é³çÝáñ¹íáõÙ »Ýù Ð³Û ú·Ýáõ-û³Ý ØÇáõû³Ý Ï»ÝïñáݳϳÝí³ñãáõÃÛ³Ý Ññ³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñáí »õáñáßáõÙÝ»ñáí: ê»ñï ϳåÇ Ù¿ç»Ýù ݳ¨ ÐúØ-Ç Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÙdzõáñÇ Ñ»ï:

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Ú³ñ·»ÉÇ° ù³ñ»·³ÑóÇÝ»ñ,¹áõù Ñå³ñï³Ý³Éáõ ³éÇ°Ã áõÝ¿ù,ù³ÝÇ áñ Ó»ñ ·ÇõÕ³å»ïÁ ïÇÏÇÝسñÇÝ¿ ä»ïáÛ»³ÝÝ ¿: ²é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ« Ýñ³°³é³ç³ñÏáí »õ Ñ»ï³Ùáõ°ï ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ßÝáñÑÇõ ϳ۳ó³íÙ³Ýϳå³ñ�Á:

ú·ïáõ»Éáí ³éÇÃÇó« áõ½áõÙ »Ù Ó»ñ ¨ Ù»ñ �áÉáñÇ°ÏáÕÙÇó Û³ÛïÝ»É ËáñÇ°Ý ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÇõÝ Ñáí³Ý³õáñ-Ý»ñÇÝ, �áÉá°ñ ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó, áñáÝó ³ç³Ïóáõû³Ù�«÷áùñÇÏ ù³ñ»·³ÑóÇÝ»ñÇ ³éûñÛ³Ý ÇÙ³ëï³õáñáõ»ó£Ø³ÝÏáõû³Ý ³Ûë ѳïáõ³ÍÁ ÏÁ ¹³éÝ³Û »ñç³ÝÇÏ áõ�áí³Ý¹³Ï³ÉÇóª ³å³Ñáí»Éáí Ýñ³Ýó Û³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇñ»Ýó �áÉá°ñ ³½·³Ýáõ¿ñ Ó»éݳñÏÝ»ñáõÙ:

ÎñÏÇ°Ý ³Ý·³Ù ßÝáñѳíáñáõÙ »Ù �áÉáñÇ°Ý Ù³Ýϳ-å³ñï»½Ç �³óÙ³Ý ³éÇÃáí ̈ Û³ïϳå¿ë ³ß˳ï³-ϳ½ÙÇ°Ý ó³ÝϳÝáõÙ Ù»Í ·áñÍ»ñ, ß³ï ë³ÝÇÏÝ»ñ »õ�³ñÇ »ñÃ:

Æ Ý߳ݳíáñáõÙÝ ³Ûëûñáõ³Û ÁݹáõÝ»°ù êûë¿ Ù³Û-ñÇÏÇ ¹ÇÙ³ÝϳñÁ ÐúØ-Ç ²ñó³ËÇ Ù»ÏáõëÇ Ù³ëݳ-×ÇõÕÇó:

ÞÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõ°Ý:

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T H E A R S A T T H E

U N I T E D N A T I O N S

The Armenian Relief Society (ARS) was among 540registered non-governmental organizations (NGO’s)and 1,879 representatives attending the 59th AnnualUN DPI/NGO Conference at the United Nations inNew York from Sept. 6-8.

ARS Inc. representatives Valentine Berberian, HarrietKazarian, Carol Jaffarian, Lalai Manjikian, OdehKraskian, and Sossi Essajanian attended the conferencewhich was entitled, “Unfinished Business: EffectivePartnerships for Human Security and Sustainable De-velopment.” The conference afforded the group theopportunity to meet with representatives from otherNGOs and present the ARS’s work in Armenia andabroad.

The ARS representatives attended sessions centeringon the UN’s Millennium Development Goals and howcountries can achieve financial and ecologicalsustainability. The ARS representatives divided intosubgroups in order to attend as many competing ses-sions and workshops as possible.

On Sept. 6, ARS representatives attended a work-shop entitled, “United Nations Effective Partnershipswith Civil Society” sponsored by the UN’s DPI/NGO section. Representatives from various UN de-partments, agencies and programs such as the UNEP,UNODC, UNU, and ECOSOC, discussed their workand collaboration with NGOs and civil society, em-phasizing the practices and strategies to achieve theMillennium Development Goals and the constructiveengagement between civil society and UN NGOs nec-essary to promote and implement those goals.

The ARS representatives also attended a workshop,“Mobilizing Youth About the HIV/AIDS Epidemic:An Innovative Health Communication Partnership.”The event presented the International Organization forMigration-commissioned Art Center College of De-sign that collaborated on a public awareness campaign.

The project aimed at empowering affected communi-ties and NGOs to facilitate behavior change.

On the evening of Sept. 6, the ARS representativesattended the conference reception hosted by theNGO/DPI Executive Committee where they net-worked with other NGO representatives in a moreinformal setting. The reception took place on thefourth floor of the United Nations building with animposing view over the Hudson River. A jazz en-semble set the tone for a relaxing ambiance while del-egates from all over the world conversed and ex-changed information related to their respective NGOs.

On Sept. 7, ARS representatives attended a work-shop entitled, “Forgiveness: Partnering with the En-emy,” presented by the American Psychological Asso-ciation. The workshop centered on forgiveness andreconciliation after violence in such cases as the SouthAfrican apartheid, the Rwandan genocide, and the Ar-menian Genocide. Many speakers gave specific in-stances of people coming to terms with their aggres-sors. Panelist Dr. Saths Cooper, a former prisoner ofRobben Island, described his experience going fromvictim to advocate.

The ARS representatives also attended a Sept. 7 af-ternoon roundtable session entitled, “Human Security:Responsibility to Protect and Peacebuilding Commis-sion.” In light of the 2005 World Summit that estab-lished an international responsibility to protect popula-tions from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing andcrimes against humanity, governments have acceptedthat they must act earlier in response to crises in theirown countries. Speakers addressed how partnershipsbetween civil society and the State must be reinforcedto achieve the set goals. The panelists provided ex-amples to ensure that the security development goalsare met. The emphasis was on the following three as-pects linked to human security related to conflict: to

ARS Inc., Participates inUnited Nations DPI/NGO Conference

33

prevent, to react/respond, and to rebuild. The speak-ers included Juan Mendez, special advisor to the Secre-tary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, andEugenie Mukeshimana, a Rwanda genocide survivor.

“Attending the UN/DPI conference has only rein-forced my belief that the ARS has an important roleto play on the world stage,” said ARS representativeLalai Manjikian. “By being an active presence at thisconference and other UN activities, the ARS can en-sure its involvement and contribution to the humani-tarian arena internationally.”

The ARS Inc. has been an active NGO at the UnitedNations for many years, having achieved been recog-nized as a non-governmental organization nearly 30years ago. The ARS, Inc. is a member of UN DPIand has roster status with the UN Economic and So-

On April 20, 2006, the Armenian Relief Society, Inc.UN/NGO committee hosted a panel discussion en-titled, “The Power of One: Bringing Hope and ChangeThrough Volunteerism at the United Nations.” The purposeof the discussion wastwo-fold – to celebratethe life and legacy ofARS, Inc. UN/NGOrepresentative PenelopeGiragosian, who recentlypassed away, and to dis-cuss the ways in whichNGOs help shape policyat the UN.

Denise Scotto, attorneyand policy advisor andVice-chair, NGO Com-mittee on Status ofWomen, spoke of Ms.Giragosian’s many con-tributions to the ARSand Armenia as well asher work at the UN on various NGO committees.She stressed that women and women’s rights havecome a long way at the UN and that NGOs havebeen a driving force, citing as examples the 50th An-

The Armenian Relief Society Hosts Panel on

VolunteerismBY ANAHID UGHURLAYAN

cial Council. The ARS is also actively involved in vari-ous important UN committees, including UNICEF,the UN Committee on HIV/AIDS, the UN Commit-tee on the Status of Women and WANGO.

The 59th Annual DPI/NGO conference addressed anumber of pressing issues related to human securityand sustainable economic development. This year,once again, the ARS Inc. was represented at the con-ference, engaging in the important issues faced by civilsociety and establishing contacts with other NGOs soimportant to advancing the ARS’s voice as an impor-tant UN NGO participant.

The ARS, Inc. was established in 1910 and is a non-profit organization with 18,000 members in 24 coun-tries around the world. For more information visitwww.ars1910.org or call (617) 926-5892.�

niversary of the Commission on the Status ofWomen, The Convention on the Elimination of AllForms of Discrimination against Women(CEDAW), the implementation of ad hoc war

crimes tribunals inRwanda and Bosnia, andthe codification of rapeand forced pregnanciesas war crimes by the In-ternational CriminalCourt. Ms. Scotto alsonoted that NGOs holdUN member states ac-countable and work onthe ground in countriesaround the world to en-sure that pressing socialand economic issues areaddressed, and shepraised members ofNGOs in attendance fortheir tireless efforts.

Meg Gardinier, coordinator of Education andCommunity Partnerships at the US Fund forUNICEF, also touched on the contribution of NGOs,explaining that NGOs were in consultation with mem-

The ARS UN/NGO Panelists

34

ber states when the UN was forming and that interms of children’s rights, NGOs were at the fore-front at the UN Summit on Children in 1990, one ofthe first UN Summits. She explained that NGOs con-tinued to play an instrumental role in the Special Ses-sion in 2002 to review the outcome of the UN Sum-mit on Children from which emerged A World Fit forChildren, the guiding document on socioeconomic andother issues relating to children, including 21 specificgoals and targets for the next decade for memberstates to achieve.

On a personal note, Ms. Gardinier recalled how shemet Ms. Giragosian in the late 1990s and worked withher on the UN Briefing on Violence against Womenand Children and other conferences, as well as advo-cacy for disabled children in Armenia. She referred toan upcoming Summit on the UN Convention on theRights of the Child at the American University, a com-pletely volunteer effort and a testament to Ms.Giragosian’s work.

Carol Jaffarian, Professor, Graduate School ofNursing at the University of Massachusetts in Wor-cester, MA, recalled Ms. Giragosian as a mentor, de-tailing Ms. Giragosian’s persistence in getting her in-volved in setting up an HIV/AIDS Prevention andEducation program in the ARS “Mother & Child”Health and Birthing Center in Akhourian, Armenia,given her experience as HIV Clinic Nurse Manager atthe University of Massachusetts HIV Clinic. Ms.Jaffarian recounted Ms. Giragosian’s work in gettingthe HIV/AIDS program off the ground, helping tosecure a grant from the World Aids Foundation, her

constant networking, including with passengers in theplane on her way to Armenia, to help the Clinic, andher vision of having the program serve as a model forother countries. Ms. Jaffarian remembered her last tripto Armenia with Ms. Giragosian, who was gravely ill,how she asked her to continue helping the Clinic aftershe passed on.

Valentine Berberian of the ARS NGO committeemoderated the panel and gave an overview of Penny’swork at the UN, particularly the studies sponsored byUNICEF on violence against children and on disabledchildren in Armenia.

A question and answer period followed duringwhich Georgi-Ann Oshagan, Vice-Chairperson of theARS Central Executive Board, asked the panelists whatadvice they had on getting individuals involved as vol-unteers at the UN. Ms. Scotto noted that it is very dif-ficult to get individuals to take on specific tasks, andthat it takes many people with different skills to con-tribute. Ms Gardiner mentioned the US Fund forUNICEF’s online tutorial program and noted, that vir-tual volunteerism (i.e., via Internet, email) is the waveof the future.

This program honored the memory of PennyGiragosian, a volunteer in the truest sense, who helpedthe ARS and Armenia in countless ways. It also servedto educate those unfamiliar with volunteering at theUN about the work of NGOs — including that ofthe Armenian Rrelief Society — and how they canhelp. By so doing, Penny’s legacy of selflessness andgiving — which touched the lives of so many — cancontinue.�

35

TTTTThis richly illustrated volume offers a panoramaof the civilization of ancient Armenia. Thetext portion of “The Armeniad” is based on the

works of Armenian historians and on the latest researchof a number of European scholars. It tells of the princi-pal stages in the formation of the Armenian identity andthe Armenian civilization in the mountainous basin ofLake Van, and in the Ararat and Mush Valleys from the4th—3rd millennia onwards.

The reader of this beautiful volume will be able tokeep pace with a civilization that has travelled in tandemwith the great cultures of Sumer, Assyria, the Hittites,Babylon, Persia, Greece, Rome and Byzantium. In leaf-ing through the handsomelyly designed pages of thisbook, the reader will learn of important 19th and 20th

century archaeological research in Asia Minor, whichuncovered the ‘visible pages’ of the ancient past to anastounded world. It is by examining the past that ourcontemporary world is correctly assessed and a peek atthe future made possible.

The book is a repository of art and artifact, contain-ing marvellous reproductions of ancient and mediaevalworks. The result of many years of arduous research inthe Matenadaran, the Genocide Museum of Yerevan,the British Museum and Library, the Hermitage Muse-um in St. Petersburg and in the Russian State Library,this volume was made complete by a trip to Turkey totake pictures of examples of Armenian culture thathave survived in Western Armenia and Cilicia after thegenocidal aggression on all things Armenian during theyears 1915-1923 by both the Ottoman and the KemalistTurks.

Almost all materials witnessing to the events and themonuments to Armenian civilization were barbaricallydestroyed and the few that survived on the historic terri-

tory of Armenia were plundered by enterprising Euro-peans. Some of these items have ended up in museumsthroughout the world. For this reason, we undertook aspecial photo-shoot for “The Armeniad” in a number offamous European museums, from the Pergamon Muse-um in Berlin to the British Museum. It would take memany hours to tell you about our shoots in the museumsof Baghdad, Mosul, Ankara, Istanbul or Tehran. Inci-dentally, in what is known as Persian Armenia (the partof historical Armenia which was acceded to Persia)there is still a significant Armenian population and Imanaged to photograph a number of wonderful Arme-nian monasteries – including those of St. Thaddeus andSt. Stephen.

The book includes some wonderful artefacts of Ar-menian culture which we were able to view in the store-houses of the Monastery of SS. James in Jerusalem andin the treasure house of Holy Ejmiatzin.

All these tiny fragments of evidence and artefacts ofArmenian culture have been brought together in onebook for the first time and in this sense, the illustrationsof “The Armeniad” are truly unique. The reader willsee the ruins of the ancient Armenian capital ofTigranakert, the maritime fortresses and the mountaincastles of Cilician Armenia, the panorama of the city ofVan in 1916, compared with how it looks today andmuch, much more.

I am writing in such detail, so that you will appreciatethat for our publishing house, this book is not a com-mercial project, but a charitable venture. It is not just aquestion of writing the book, having it translated intoEnglish and printed in Italy, but we have also shipped itespecially to the United States.

Anna Petrosova

BOOK REVIEW

The ArmeniadVisible pages of History.Text and illustrations byBoris Baratov

10"x13.5", 336 pages with 600 colorillustrations. Hardbound with dustcover,printed in Italy.

36

In Athens,with the Author of

This brief encounter with Peter Balakian took place in Athens on

the 17th of May 2006, during the author’s visit to Greece to promote

the Greek edition of his book, «The Burning Tigris». I am thankful

to Mr. Balakian for this opportunity to interview him for “Hai Sird”.

SARO DEDEYAN

“The Burning Tigris”

SD. Mr. Balakian, the community considers your book as anoriginal contribution to existing knowledge of the ArmenianGenocide. I would like to know what your motivations were inwriting this book.

PB. My whole career as a writer has been an evolu-tion from my work as a poet and literary scholar towriting a memoir about growing up as an ArmenianAmerican, which I explored in the process of myjourney into history. Both the history of my family andthe Armenian genocide survivors’ story — like mygrandmother’s — as well as the larger history of theArmenian people of the Ottoman Empire and theArmenian genocide. I found myself being very inter-ested in reading more and more about this history andI discovered that the American people were deeplyinvolved in efforts to rescue and save lives by sendingrelief to the Armenians. The more I read, the more Iwas interested, the deeper and richer the storyemerged for me and I began to see that this is a sig-nificant cultural project for the USA. I am trained inAmerican Studies, that’s what my PhD is about, and Iam thinking that this was in store for me. I believe thatthe story was waiting for me. I would not have at-tempted to write just another history of the ArmenianGenocide of 1915 — it has been done. What inter-ested me was to write about the Armenian Genocide

and the whole Armenian crisis, as seen through theperception of an American Armenian writer. It wastailor made for me.

SD. Are you able today to measure the impact of this project?PB. It is hard to measure the impact of one’s

project. But as you know, the book is New YorkTimes Best Seller. My sense of writing this book wasto explore the Armenian Genocide as an internationalevent and not just as an Armenian event. I wanted thestory to speak to the broadest range of modern his-tory, like a contribution to our understanding of mo-dernity because modern genocide is something uniquethat first happened to Armenians, and to understandthe modern era one must understand the history ofthe Armenian genocide.

SD. We, the Armenians of Diaspora, believe that the Turkswill recognize the genocide. And speaking of that, you are awarethat these days the members of the European Union discuss thepossibility of Turkey entering the EU. What are your views onthis?

PB. Well, I think that the reason that Europe is mak-ing an important issue of the Turkish acknowledgmentof the Armenian genocide is because if Turkey doesnot develop a capacity of critical analysis of its own

37

history, its path and its own society, then it is not ademocratic society, and if it is not a democratic soci-ety, it can not enter the EU. The interesting thing is thatthe Armenian Genocide is an important test for Tur-key to see if it can develop a democratic culturalmechanism, and until that can happen, I cannot seehow Turkey can join what is essentially a democraticfamily of nations.

SD. Intellectuals like you, from the Armenian Diaspora, havean important contribution to make. Do you believe that the Ar-menian Diaspora can play a significant role in its relationshipwith Armenia?

PB. Yes. I think that the genocide of the Armenianpeople happened mostly to Western Armenians who,today, are what we call the Armenian Diaspora ofUSA, Europe, South America, etc. So, I believe thatArmenia today is a complex international concept thatinvolves the Republic of Armenia and the Diaspora, andit is not going to be easy — they need to work together.

SD. As you know, Armenia and Greece have traditionallyvery good economic, diplomatic and political relationships. Howdo you feel, being once again here in Greece?

PB. I have said it before, that I always feel thatGreece is another kind of homeland. I feel a connec-tion to the Greek people, to the land and its beauty, itslong history and civilization. Nowhere else in theworld, I think, there is such an acute understanding ofthe Armenian past because Greeks and Armeniansshare a deep common experience as Christian minori-ties of the Ottoman Empire in the course of centuries.And also, do not forget that Armenians played an im-portant role in the Byzantine Empire with many Ar-menian emperors of the realm. Armenians andGreeks have an intertwined history, and I feel thosevibes when I am here.

SD. What are your views in terms of the recognition of theArmenian genocide by the USA? Thirty-nine states have al-ready recognized the genocide, but officially, the USA hasn’t yet.Do you believe that in the years to come something will change?

PB. I think, that this is an obscured situation becausethe knowledge of the Armenian genocide in the USAis very broad and people teach regularly in classrooms.I do think, that there is not any denial in the minds ofthe legislative bodies, and probably not even in theminds of those in the executive branch. The problemis crass pragmatic politics, and I think that mostly theblockage of the official recognition is coming fromthe defense department, because of military bases anddefense contracts with Turkey. I think, the USA should

stand up to Turkey on this issue and exert moral leader-ship and know that by acknowledging the Armeniangenocide, the USA will help Turkey to grow up and be-come a democratic society. I wish we could take that tac-tic to Ankara because they need help. They act like a child.

SD. Do you believe that the Turks will agree with this argu-ment — as it is something totally different from what they sup-port?

PB. I do not know. I cannot answer that. What I cansay is, that there is a group of Turkish scholars whoare trying very hard for their government and societyto change, who write about the Armenian genocideopenly and honestly. I think that a little bit of light iscoming from them and in the end Turkey has tochange on its own.

SD. Do you remain positive that something will change in theyears to come?

PB. I think that one has to always have the hopefulview in order to pursue social change. We have seenmany changes happen in the world. So, social changehappens in its own strange way, and I think that weneed to convince Turkey that this is to its benefit. I dobelieve, that the most important thing is education. Ifyou educate people in depth, I think, that sooner orlater, it is hard to maintain a big lie, even for the liar.Yes, it is possible and maybe it is not so far away.

SD. How do you foresee Armenia in twenty or thirty years?PB. I would like to see Armenia continue devel-

oping economically. I would like to see Armeniadevelop fluent pathways to the west and to the east.I think that Armenians are blessed with a greatwork ethic, and intelligence in many different areassuch as trade, arts, sciences, entrepreneurship; butyou need to have luck and maybe it is Armenia’stime. Obviously, if you told to our grand-parentsthat there would be Armenia on the map today,they would not have have believed it. So, unimagin-able things happen. If Armenia and the Diasporawork together in complementary ways, though it isnot always easy, I believe that the new era will bringa kind of prosperity.

SD. I presume that you feel very proud of your Armenianorigin…

PB. Of course! I am one hundred percent Arme-nian!

SD. Peter, thank you very much.PB. You are welcome.�

38

THE Hai Sird YOUTH

FORUM: Observationson the Sixty-Eighth ARSInternational Convention

EVERY THREE YEARS, the Armenian Relief Society holdsits International convention. The meeting lasts around aweek and, as stated in the ARS Constitution, it is thehighest body of our organization.

In October of 2005, the Convention was held inMontreal, in accordance with the ARS, Inc. Bylaws,which specify that 2 out of 3 of these gatherings haveto be held within the limits of the North AmericanContinent. As a young woman who has been a memberof the ARS since 1995, I was excited with the prospectof attending my first International Convention and tosee this august body of a great Armenian organization inaction, listen to the ideas that would turn intoconstructive programs through debate, suggestions andbinding resolutions for the next three years of thisorganization’s already prolific history.

The week prior to the convention was filled withplenty of social activities allowing all the members tointeract socially, prior to tackling business. A Saturdayevening banquet was organized to allow more socialinteraction, with dinner and dancing and, of course, itserved as a fundraiser as well, to launch the newlyconceived ARS Centennial Fund, with the goal to raiseseveral million US dollars within the next four years.

Monday, October 10 marked the official opening ofthe Convention. Though this was the 68th InternationalConvention, the Society was 95 years old at the time. Afact, that can be stated as both a positive or a negativeassessment. Positive, because the Society has a rich,successful history of continuous assistance to theArmenian people, be it at trying times, such as the 1915Genocide, the earthquake of 1988, the Karabagh

Independence war and its aftermath, or, during times ofrelative tranquility, when a nascent Armenian diaspora,and newly-independent Armenian states had to start,literally, from scratch.

However, although the positive is something to beproud of and should make every member of the ARSproud that they belong to a world class organizationwhose membership, I may add, is mostly made up ofwomen, and can easily be considered the largest women’sphilanthropic organization in the entire world, with its 97long years, comes the negative, as well.

Our organization has reached a point, where theolder, experienced members are slowly reaching a stage,where they will need to step down from the ranks ofleadership positions and allow younger elements —presently small in numbers – to gradually take charge toendure the healthy continuity of this outstandingorganization.

It seems, that older, more experienced members wantto prove, that they still have what it takes to lead, whilethe youth want to prove, that they too, are ready to lead.I am not saying that the older generation is not capableof continuing the work as they have done for so manyyears; what I am simply saying is: Allow the youth towork alongside as your equals.

You may be surprised by their wish to learn and tobecome deeper and deeper involved with the Society,that we all have come to love. You will discover, that thedevotion that you have exists in them as well, and thattogether, the young members of this organization andthe elder ungeruhis can keep the Society viable for yetanother 10 decades, allowing many generations ofArmenian women to come in and truly belong to thisgreat, global family.

The ARS elders seem to have forgotten, that theywere once young and eager to fill positions ofresponsibility. Today, young women are reluctant to jointhe ARS because they feel it is not for them – when, infact, it truly is the Society that gives the youth endlesspossibilities to carry the torch, which our mothers andgrandmothers brought, burning bright, into the 21stcentury – the era that beckons us, today’s youth, as wellas those of many future generations.

NYREE DERDERIAN, ESQ.

38

39

W ith recent substantial dona-tions, among which, those re-ceived recently from the Ba-bikian and Garikian families —

made on the occasion of the Christening of theirchildren, Megig and David, and Aram, Armen andCara – the new ARS Orphans Education Programis off to an auspicious beginning!

Perhaps a brief recap is necessary. During its 97-year existence, the Armenian Relief Society has hada tremendous input into the ongoing efforts to sus-tain our Diasporan structures that keep Armeniancommunities active around the globe. One of themost important facets of that input is the care oforphans. In the dark days of the 1915 Genocide’saftermath, the ARS collected abandoned orphansscattered throughout the Syrian desert around DerZor, fed, clothed and sheltered them and — cogni-zant of the importance of an education in themother tongue — it supported the establishmentand maintenance of community-run kindergartens,grade and high schools. It is in these institutions oflearning that thousands of parentless children, sur-vivors of the first genocide of the 20th century, re-gained their humanity and identity, their love oflearning and the desire to serve their stricken na-tion and all others in need of support and assistance.

Some seventy years after the devastating blow ofthe Genocide, the Armenian nation was hit by thedisastrous earthquake of 1988, and the brutal at-tempt of ethnic cleansing of the Armenian enclave ofNagorno Karabagh which turned into a protractedwar of survival and liberation. United, and deter-mined to prevail, the Armenians, utilizing all exist-ing structures, supplied the needed food, shelter,clothing and medicines to the stricken populationsof a fractured Homeland, a large portion of whichconsisted of children who had lost one or both par-ents.

Responding to the situation, in 1992, the ARSput together a program called “Sponsor-A-Child” Itis time now to ‘sponsor a youth’ – orphans over 18,

The ARSSponsor-A-Child Program

Enters a New Era...

who strive for higher education, in order to becomeproductive members of society, support themselvesand their families, improving their own as well astheir county’s intellectual and economic potential.

It is the desire – and a cherished goal — of theArmenian Relief Society, that over the starting de-cades of the new millennium, not a single orphanedyoungster in the Homeland be allowed to remainwithout adequate schooling. Educated, self-support-ing individuals are more likely to enjoy the blessingsof family and home, secure in their own and theircounty’s present and future.

To make this dream a reality, all those who care togive their financial support are invited to get intouch with their local ARS offices, and make out acheck to the ARS Orphans Education Program.�

David and Megig Babikian, in Yerevan

40

²ÞʲðÐÆ ÞàôðæÀ ÐúØÆ Ðºî AROUND THE WORLD WITH THE ARS

Ð²Ú ú¶Üàôº²Ü ØÆàôº²Ü ØƲôàðܺðÀ ºô ÆðºÜò ¶àðÌàôܾàôÂÆôÜÀÐ²Ú ú¶Üàôº²Ü ØÆàôº²Ü ØƲôàðܺðÀ ºô ÆðºÜò ¶àðÌàôܾàôÂÆôÜÀÐ²Ú ú¶Üàôº²Ü ØÆàôº²Ü ØƲôàðܺðÀ ºô ÆðºÜò ¶àðÌàôܾàôÂÆôÜÀÐ²Ú ú¶Üàôº²Ü ØÆàôº²Ü ØƲôàðܺðÀ ºô ÆðºÜò ¶àðÌàôܾàôÂÆôÜÀÐ²Ú ú¶Üàôº²Ü ØÆàôº²Ü ØƲôàðܺðÀ ºô ÆðºÜò ¶àðÌàôܾàôÂÆôÜÀ

ENTITIES OF THE ARMENIAN RELIEF SOCIETY AND THEIR ACTIVITIES

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47

ON THE FIRST THRESHOLD OF

AAAAA CENTUR CENTUR CENTUR CENTUR CENTURYYYYY OF DEDICA OF DEDICA OF DEDICA OF DEDICA OF DEDICATED SERTED SERTED SERTED SERTED SERVICEVICEVICEVICEVICE

1910ÐúØARS2010The Centennial Fund of the Armenian Relief Society

A Centennial Fund for the Armenian Relief Society has been established in recognition ofthe oldest and largest Armenian women’s organization to further enhance its humanitarianactivities around the world.

Relief being the middle name of the ARS, during most of the 20th century, ARS programscentered on the Armenian Diaspora in order to bring stability to a people devastated by the1915 Genocide. In 1988, the much needed relief work in the aftermath of the earthquake thathit Armenia’s northwest expanded forever the mission and duties of the Society.

Service to Armenia soon developed to include assistance to Artsakh and Javakhq with variousprograms designed to restore and preserve Armenian presence – both physical and spiritual– in both of those historically Armenian inhabited regions, with numerous clinics,kindergartens, schools, community and social service centers, etc.

Today, on the first threshold of its second 100 years, the ARS asks you to join thosewho have already contributed to the ARS Centennial Fund in recognition of the Society’spast accomplishments and in support of its world-wide, present and futurehumanitarian endeavors.

YES, I want to help the Armenian Relief Society, Inc. continue its service to the Armenianpeople by making a donation to the ARS Centennial Fund.

�$5,000 �$2,500 �$1,000 �$500 �$250 �$100 Other______

NAME ............................................................................................................................................................................

ADDRESS ......................................................................................................................................................................

The Armenian Relief Society, Inc. is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Your tax exempt donation will bedeposited into the ARS Centennial Fund. All donations will be acknowledged by our headquarterslocated at 80 Bigelow Avenue, Watertown, MA 02472. You can call us at (617) 926-5892 if you wish todonate stocks, property, bonds or similar instruments. You may also e-mail us at manager@ars1910.org.

... Contribute GenerouslyCentennial Fund of the Armenian Relief Society

48

49

ARMENIAN RELIEF SOCIETY, INC.

CENTRAL EXECUTIVE BOARD

�

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS�

For the Years Ended May 31, 2006 and 2005With Independent Auditor’s Report Thereon

�����

1

50

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 3

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Statements of financial position 4

Statements of activities 5-6

Statements of cash flows 7

Notes to financial statements 8-15

ACCOMPANYING INFORMATION

Schedule of grants and program expenses 16

2

51

524

535

546

557

568

579

5810

5911

6012

6113

6214

6315

6416

Your

Tax-Exempt

Contributions

To World-Wide

ARS Programs

Can Make

A difference

Between

Despair and

Hope…

Contribute Generously!