haiti soil survey and natural resources conservation initiative 1
TRANSCRIPT
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Soil Erosion Modeling for Sustainable Agricultural Systems in Haiti
70th Annual Soil and Water Conservation Society Conference
July 26-29, 2015
Greensboro, NC
The Haiti USDA/NRCS – Haiti Pilot Soil Survey Team
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Background• Haiti is mostly hilly country
• Highest soil erosion rates
• Population pressure
• Extreme Deforestation
• Flash Floods rains and hurricanes.
• Vulnerability to erosion
• Soil and water quality issues
• Low agricultural productivity
• Malnutrition
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Haiti forest cover ranges from ~ 1.5-2%
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Erosion Risk Vulnerability
Haiti 2010 National Plan
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Project Area
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
From USLE to RUSLE2A = (r, k, ls, c, p)
• R = Rainfall erositivity
• K = Erodibility
• LS = 1 (Unit plot concept L = 72.6 ft., S = 9%) (Slope Effect Chart)
Plot fallow and tillage is up and down the slope
• CP= 1 Without a conservation practice
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
RUSLE2 Features• Robust Soil Erosion prediction tool
• Intended to represent trends demonstrated in field data
• Not intended to be a precise estimator of soil loss or residue cover
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
RUSLE2 Requirements
1. Location (climate)
2. Soil map unit component
3. Slope length (m) and steepness (%)
4. Crop Management (Use Rotation Builder)
5. Supporting Conservation Practices
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMVRUSLE2, Cul de Sac
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Cul de Sac Climate
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Despuzeau Cornillon
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Used San Juan climate information to Obtain R
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Despizeau and Cornillon
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Soils of Cul de Sac
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMVManagement
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Cropping systems
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
RUSLE2 Outputs• Calculates Daily soil loss
– Reported as annual soil loss
(Mg ha-1 yr-1) (Tonne ha-1 yr-1 )
• SCI (Soil conditioning Index)
– (SCI = OM + ER + FO)
• STIR (Soil tillage intensity rating)
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Output
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Management Summary
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Management, Estimated Soil Loss and SCI
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Soil Loss
Soil loss >>T
Most Soil Loss > T
Soil loss = T
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
![Page 24: Haiti Soil Survey and Natural Resources Conservation Initiative 1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062905/58ee0ba01a28abd43e8b467d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
![Page 25: Haiti Soil Survey and Natural Resources Conservation Initiative 1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062905/58ee0ba01a28abd43e8b467d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
![Page 26: Haiti Soil Survey and Natural Resources Conservation Initiative 1](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062905/58ee0ba01a28abd43e8b467d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Flash floods Recovering from a flood
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Impacts of Soil Erosion• Loss of quality top soil (Tè a fatigue (La terre est fatigué)
– Nutrients, water, structure, biodiversity
• Land degradation
• Low crop yields
– Poverty
– Malnutrition
• Water quality
– Floods
– Disease
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
7 annual soil loss, 1978, 15
annual soil loss, 1999, 37
annual soil loss, 2011, 50y = 0.3375x2 + 4.83x + 0.7425
R² = 0.9796
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100$0
$500,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$1,500,000,000
$2,000,000,000
$2,500,000,000
$3,000,000,000
1930 1978 1999 2011
Cost of soil replacement per tonne at prevailing market prices
Soil
loss
in H
aiti
fo
r 1
93
0,
19
78
an
d 1
99
9 a
nd
pre
dic
ted
so
il lo
ss f
or
20
11
(m
illio
n
ton
ne
s)
Co
st o
f s
oil
loss
fo
r 1
93
0, 1
97
8 a
nd
19
99
an
d p
red
icte
d s
oil
loss
fo
r 2
01
1
Soil loss for Haiti 1930, 1978, 1999 (FAO/World Bank) and soil loss predictions for 2011 and costs
$2 per tonne
$10 per tonne
$19 per tonne
$50 per tonne
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Estimated Cost of Land Degradation (S)(not building soil quality)
• Erosion: 0.7 – 14.0 billion
• Organic matter decline: 3.4 – 5.6 billion
• Compaction: no estimate
• Salinization: 158 – 321 million
• Landslides: up to 1.2 billion per event
• Contamination: 0.6 – 17.3 billion
• Sealing: no estimate
• Biodiversity decline: no estimateEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, 2006
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
What Can We Do About It?
Lots of goodwill
– Governments
– Churches
– NGOs
– Foundations
– Universities
– Individuals
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MARNDR
République d’HaïtiRepiblik d’Ayiti
FAMV
Conclusion• Erosion
– Exerts a strong downward pressure on peasant incomes
– Significantly reduces government revenue
– Creates perennial dependence on foreign aid
Haitian counterparts now have the capability to use RUSLE2 in the pilot area
Help them use RUSLE2 all over the country ( managed lands)